WO2015068235A1 - 共振器、位相同期回路及び半導体集積回路装置 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/10—Details of the phase-locked loop for assuring initial synchronisation or for broadening the capture range
- H03L7/101—Details of the phase-locked loop for assuring initial synchronisation or for broadening the capture range using an additional control signal to the controlled loop oscillator derived from a signal generated in the loop
- H03L7/102—Details of the phase-locked loop for assuring initial synchronisation or for broadening the capture range using an additional control signal to the controlled loop oscillator derived from a signal generated in the loop the additional signal being directly applied to the controlled loop oscillator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
- H03B5/1212—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1228—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/1262—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising switched elements
- H03B5/1265—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising switched elements switched capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/083—Details of the phase-locked loop the reference signal being additionally directly applied to the generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
- H03L7/089—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses
- H03L7/0891—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses the up-down pulses controlling source and sink current generators, e.g. a charge pump
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/099—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
- H03B2200/0038—Circuit elements of oscillators including a current mirror
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2201/00—Aspects of oscillators relating to varying the frequency of the oscillations
- H03B2201/01—Varying the frequency of the oscillations by manual means
- H03B2201/011—Varying the frequency of the oscillations by manual means the means being an element with a variable capacitance
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resonator used in a phase locked loop.
- a semiconductor integrated circuit device is equipped with a phase locked circuit (Phase Locked Loop) in order to generate a processing clock of a logic circuit or a transmission signal clock.
- Phase locked loop PLL
- a phase locked loop (PLL) mounted on a semiconductor integrated circuit device includes an analog circuit (in particular, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)). For this reason, a calibration technique for automatically adjusting the PLL so as to satisfy desired characteristics is known.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-219513 discloses a PLL calibration technique.
- the PLL requires a calibration function that can be adjusted so that the semiconductor integrated circuit device satisfies desired characteristics. Further, in the semiconductor integrated circuit device mounted on the communication device, it is necessary to change the operating frequency of the PLL by changing the communication speed.
- an LC resonator When an LC resonator is used as a voltage controlled oscillator in a PLL, calibration for selecting a resonance frequency band of the LC resonator is necessary in order to establish a desired PLL operation.
- the LC resonator has a narrow frequency variable range, and it is difficult to output a signal having a wide frequency range.
- Patent Document 1 As a conventional calibration technique, there is a technique for compensating the PLL operation by adjusting the output voltage of the LDO in response to the change of the reference clock frequency during the test, as disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the conventional calibration technique can only finely adjust the VCO variable range by increasing / decreasing the reference clock frequency, and control such as frequency change of the PLL output frequency by an external signal cannot be realized.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an LCVCO that operates in a wide frequency range.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a PLL that can adjust the lock frequency over a wide range by external control.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide an interface device capable of operating in a wide frequency range.
- a typical example of the invention disclosed in the present application is as follows. That is, a resonator to which a voltage is supplied from a constant voltage source, wherein the constant voltage source outputs an output voltage adjusted by a voltage adjustment signal to the resonator, and the resonator has an input control signal and A clock signal with a variable frequency is output by changing a capacitance in accordance with a frequency adjustment signal, and a frequency of the clock signal is changed with a voltage output from the constant voltage source.
- a resonator having a wide oscillation frequency range can be provided. Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will become apparent from the description of the following embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the LCVCO 11 and peripheral circuits in the present embodiment.
- a constant voltage source 10 and an LC resonator (LCVCO) 11 are provided.
- the constant voltage source 10 includes a band gap reference (BGR) 3 and a regulator 12.
- the regulator 12 outputs the input BGR output voltage (V BGR ) and the regulator output voltage (V LDO ) adjusted by the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) as the power supply voltage of the LCVCO 11.
- the LCVCO 11 has a function of outputting a VCO clock (F VCO ) having a frequency corresponding to the input regulator output voltage (V LDO ), VCO control signal (V C ), and VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ).
- V LDO input regulator output voltage
- V C VCO control signal
- S F VCO frequency adjustment signal
- the regulator output voltage (V LDO ) is branched into two, each of which is input to one terminal of the inductances 111, 111.
- a capacitor 112 is connected between the other terminals of the inductances 111 and 111.
- the capacitance 112 can change the capacitance value by a VCO control signal (V C ) and a VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ).
- a VCO output clock (F VCO ) that is a sine wave having a reverse phase relationship is output from each of the other terminals of the inductances 111 and 111 via the buffer 113.
- the buffer 113 may be connected only to the terminal of one inductance 111, and the clock may be output from only one path.
- the other terminals of the inductances 111 and 111 are connected to the drain terminals of the transistors 114 and 114, respectively.
- the source terminal of each transistor 114 is connected to the ground.
- the gate terminal of each transistor 114 is connected to the other terminal of the inductance 111 on the opposite side, and a reverse phase signal is input.
- the LCVCO 11 By configuring the LCVCO 11 as shown in the figure, it is possible to output a clock that varies from 0 to a power supply voltage range. Since this signal always crosses the level determination threshold at the power supply voltage, an easy-to-use signal can be output regardless of the configuration of the next stage.
- a MOSFET is used as the transistor 114, but a bipolar transistor may be used.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the capacitor 112 in the present embodiment.
- the capacitor 112 receives a VCO control signal (V C ) and a VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ).
- the capacitor 112 includes varactors 1121 and 1122, switches 1125, 1128, and 1131, and capacitors 1123, 1124, 1126, 1127, 1129, and 1130.
- the varactors 1121 and 1122 are diodes whose capacitance values change depending on the voltage value of the VCO control signal (V C ).
- the selection states of the capacitors 1123, 1124, 1126, 1127, 1129, and 1130 are changed when the switches 1125, 1128, and 1131 are switched ON / OFF depending on the value of the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ).
- the capacitance value of the entire capacitor 112 is changed by the VCO control signal (V C ) and the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ).
- MOSFETs are used for the switches 1125, 1128, and 1311, but bipolar transistors may be used.
- the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) is decomposed into a plurality of VCO frequency adjustment signals ⁇ 0: 2> (SF ⁇ n>) by the decoder 1132, and controls the switches 1125, 1128, and 1131. By this control, the oscillation frequency of the LCVCO 11 can be changed by the VCO control signal (V C ) and the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ).
- the configuration of the capacitor 112 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a first configuration example of the regulator 12.
- the regulator 12 of the first configuration example includes transistors 122, 123, 124, 125, resistors 126, 127, 128 and an operational amplifier 121.
- the transistors 122, 123, 124, and 125 constitute a current mirror circuit, and the current that flows from the BGR output voltage (V BGR ) and flows to the ground through the transistor 124 is determined by the MOS 122 according to the set current mirror ratio.
- LDO reference current (I LDO_REF ) which is the drain current of.
- the current mirror ratio of the current mirror circuit is set by a regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ).
- the LDO reference current (I LDO_REF ) is input to the resistor (R1) 126, and an LDO reference voltage (V LDO_REF ) is generated.
- the generated LDO reference current (I LDO_REF ) is input to the operational amplifier 121.
- the operational amplifier 121 is configured such that the LDO feedback voltage (V LDO_FB ) divided by the resistor (R 2) 127 and the resistor (R 3) 128 of the regulator output voltage (V LDO ) and the LDO reference voltage (V LDO_REF ) have the same potential. Perform feedback control. When the operational amplifier 121 becomes stable by this feedback control, the regulator output voltage (V LDO ) can be expressed by the following equation.
- the LDO reference current (I LDO_REF ) can be changed by the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ), and the regulator output voltage (V LDO ) can be changed.
- the regulator 12 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 3 as long as the same operation as the first configuration example is realized.
- FIG. 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B are diagrams for explaining the operating characteristics of the LCVCO 11.
- FIG. 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B are diagrams for explaining the operating characteristics of the LCVCO 11.
- LCVCO11 operates the regulator output voltage (V LDO) as a power supply voltage, but the frequency is changed when the regulator output voltage (V LDO) is changed.
- LCVCO11 is mainly regulator output voltage (V LDO), the oscillation operation to output a sin wave amplitude corresponding to the regulator output voltage (V LDO).
- V LDO regulator output voltage
- FIG. 5A and 5B show the frequency characteristics of the LCVCO 11.
- the target values of the oscillation frequency of the LCVCO 11 are F VCO_A and F VCO_B
- the frequency variable range of the LCVCO 11 cannot cover both F VCO_A and F VCO_B . Therefore, when outputting F VCO_A the regulator output voltage (V LDO) is set to A, when outputting the F VCO_B sets the regulator output voltage (V LDO) to B.
- the LCVCO 11 can be operated in a frequency range that is equal to or higher than the frequency variable range that the LCVCO 11 originally has.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a second configuration example of the regulator 12.
- the regulator 12 of the second configuration example includes a switch and a resistor, and receives a regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ).
- the input regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) is decomposed into a plurality of regulator output voltage adjustment signals ⁇ 4: 0> (S LDO_CAL ) by the decoder, and controls each switch. With this control, a resistor is selected when the switch is turned on, and the resistance value of the regulator 12 varies depending on the value of the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ).
- the regulator output voltage (V LDO ) determined by the IR drop of the operating current of the LCVCO 11 changes, and the operating frequency of the LCVCO 11 changes.
- the regulator 12 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 6 as long as the same operation as the second configuration example is realized.
- the oscillation frequency range of the LCVCO due to the LC resonance having a narrow resonance frequency can be expanded.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a PLL in the second embodiment.
- phase frequency comparator 13 includes a phase frequency comparator 13, a charge pump 14, a loop filter 15, a voltage selector 16, an LCVCO 11, a regulator 12, a frequency divider 17, and a logic unit 18.
- the phase frequency comparator 13 compares the feedback clock (F B ) output from the frequency divider 17 whose frequency division number is set by the rate determination signal (S RATE ) with the reference clock (F REF ), Output phase difference signal.
- the output phase difference signal is input to the LCVCO 11 as the VCO control voltage (V C ) through the charge pump 14, the loop filter 15 and the voltage selector 16.
- the frequency and phase of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) output from the LCVCO 11 are controlled to a predetermined value by the VCO control voltage (V C ).
- the logic unit 18 generates a regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) from the output signal from the frequency divider 17, the reference clock (F REF ), and the rate determination signal (S RATE ), and outputs the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) to the regulator 12. Adjust the output voltage (V LDO ).
- the logic unit 18 generates a VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) from the output signal from the frequency divider 17, the reference clock (F REF ), and the rate determination signal (S RATE ), and outputs the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) to the LCVCO 11. Accordingly, the logic unit 18 has a function of adjusting the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) so as to fall within a predetermined frequency range.
- a calibration method for adjusting the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the reference voltage generator 19 generates a VCO reference voltage (V VCO_REF ) from the input VCO reference voltage adjustment signal (S VCO_REF ).
- the rate determination signal (S RATE ) is set to a predetermined value X
- the VCO reference voltage adjustment signal (S VCO_REF ) is set to a predetermined value Y
- the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) is set to a predetermined value Z.
- the logic unit 18 counts the output signal of the frequency divider 17 and calculates the count result N1 (182). Note that the count time is generated from the reference clock (F REF ).
- the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) is lower than the target frequency. Therefore, the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) is increased by incrementing the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) (189). Further, the logic unit 18 counts the output signal of the frequency divider 17 (182).
- the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) is not the maximum value (NO in 18D)
- the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) is incremented to decrease the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) (18C). Further, the logic unit 18 counts the output signal of the frequency divider 17 (182).
- the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) and the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) are adjusted to adjust the VCO output clock (F VCO ). Since the frequency cannot be increased any more, the state transits to an error state and ends abnormally (18J).
- the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) is not 0 (NO at 183), the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) is not maximum (NO at 185), and the count result N1 is smaller than the target value A (186) NO), the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) is incremented to increase the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) (187). Further, the logic unit 18 counts the output signal of the frequency divider 17 (182).
- the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) is the minimum (18E). YES), the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) cannot be increased any more by adjusting the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) and the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ). The process ends abnormally (181).
- the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) is not the minimum (NO in 18E)
- the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) is decremented and the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) is set to the minimum value (18F ). Further, the logic unit 18 counts the output signal of the frequency divider 17 (182).
- the second embodiment by adjusting the output voltage of the LDO, it is possible to widen the oscillation frequency range of the LCVCO and provide a PLL having a wide operating frequency range.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a first modification of the PLL in the second embodiment.
- phase frequency comparator 13 includes a phase frequency comparator 13, a charge pump 14, a loop filter 15, an LCVCO 11, a regulator 12, a frequency divider 17, and a lookup table 1A.
- the phase frequency comparator 13 compares the feedback clock (F B ) output from the frequency divider 17 whose frequency division number is set by the rate determination signal (S RATE ) with the reference clock (F REF ), Output phase difference signal.
- the output phase difference signal is input to the LCVCO 11 as a VCO control voltage (V C ) through the charge pump 14 and the loop filter 15.
- the frequency and phase of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) output from the LCVCO 11 are controlled to a predetermined value by the VCO control voltage (V C ).
- the look-up table 1A includes a VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ), a regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ), and a minute for realizing the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) determined from the rate determination signal (S RATE ). It holds the value of the division number setting signal (S DIV), and outputs the determined values to LCVCO11 and the regulator 12.
- S F VCO frequency adjustment signal
- S LDO_CAL regulator output voltage adjustment signal
- S DIV division number setting signal
- the look-up table 1A determines the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) from the reference clock (F REF ) and the rate determination signal (S RATE ), outputs the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) to the regulator 12, and outputs the regulator output voltage (V LDO ). Adjust. Further, the lookup table 1A determines the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) from the reference clock (F REF ) and the rate determination signal (S RATE ), and outputs it to the LCVCO 11. Further, the look-up table 1A determines the frequency division number setting signal (S DIV ) from the reference clock (F REF ) and the rate determination signal (S RATE ), and outputs it to the frequency divider 17. Thus, the look-up table 1A has a function of adjusting the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) to be in a predetermined frequency range and adjusting the frequency divider 17 to operate at a predetermined frequency division number. .
- the PLL according to the first modification has an effect that calibration for adjusting the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) is not required.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a second modification of the PLL in the second embodiment.
- phase frequency comparator 13 includes a phase frequency comparator 13, a charge pump 14, a loop filter 15, a comparator 1B, an LCVCO 11, a regulator 12, a frequency divider 17, and a logic unit 18.
- the phase frequency comparator 13 compares the feedback clock (F B ) output from the frequency divider 17 whose frequency division number is set by the rate determination signal (S RATE ) with the reference clock (F REF ), Output phase difference signal.
- the output phase difference signal is input to the LCVCO 11 as a VCO control voltage (V C ) through the charge pump 14 and the loop filter 15.
- the frequency and phase of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) output from the LCVCO 11 are controlled to a predetermined value by the VCO control voltage (V C ).
- the comparator 1B receives the VCO control voltage (V C ) output from the loop filter 15, compares the value of the VCO control voltage (V C ) with a predetermined voltage threshold, and outputs a level determination signal (S COM ). Output to the logic unit 18.
- the logic unit 18 determines the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) from the level determination signal (S COM ), the reference clock (F REF ), and the rate determination signal (S RATE ), and outputs the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) to the regulator 12 for output of the regulator Adjust the voltage (V LDO ). Further, the logic unit 18 determines the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) from the reference clock (F REF ) and the rate determination signal (S RATE ), and outputs the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) to the LCVCO 11.
- the logic unit 18 determines the frequency division number setting signal (S DIV ) from the reference clock (F REF ) and the rate determination signal (S RATE ), and outputs it to the frequency divider 17. Accordingly, the logic unit 18 has a function of adjusting the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) so as to be in a predetermined frequency range and adjusting the frequency divider 17 so as to operate at a predetermined frequency division number.
- 11A to 11C are diagrams for explaining a configuration example of the comparator 1B.
- the comparator 1B includes a determination voltage generation circuit 1B1, a comparator 1B2, a window comparator 1B3, and a logic unit 1B4.
- the comparator 1B compares the value of the VCO control voltage (V C ) with the comparator determination voltages (V COM1 , V COM2 , V COM3 ) generated by the determination voltage generation circuit 1B1, and compares the VCO control voltage (V C ). judge.
- the logic unit 1B4 receives the comparator determination signal (S COM1 ) and the window comparator determination signal (S WCOM ), and outputs a level determination signal (S COM ) according to the truth table shown in FIG. 11C.
- the PLL is closed loop.
- the rate determination signal (S RATE ) is set to a predetermined value X
- the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) is set to a predetermined value Z (18K).
- the logic unit 18 waits for a predetermined time (18L).
- the waiting time is set to 10 ⁇ s, but the time is not limited to this time as long as it is a sufficient time until the PLL is locked.
- the logic unit 18 determines a level determination signal (S COM ) (18M).
- level determination signal (S COM) is 0, VCO frequency adjustment signal to maintain the (S F) and the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL) the current value (18P), for successful completion of the calibration (18H ).
- the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) is incremented, the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) is set to 0 (18T), the frequency of the VCO output clock (F VCO ) is lowered, and further level determination The signal (S COM ) is determined (18M).
- the level determination signal (S COM ) is 1 if the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) is not the maximum (NO at 18N), the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) is incremented and the VCO output clock (F after raising the frequency of the VCO) (18O), further determines the level determination signal (S COM) (18M).
- the regulator output voltage adjustment signal (S LDO_CAL ) is decremented. Then, the VCO frequency adjustment signal (S F ) is set to 0 (18R), and the level determination signal (S COM ) is further determined (18M).
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of the interface device in the third embodiment.
- the interface apparatus C of this embodiment includes a receiver 4, a clock data recovery (CDR) 5, a band gap reference 3, a reception PLL (RXPLL) 1, a serial / parallel converter 6, a parallel / serial converter 7, a frequency dividing circuit 9, and a transmission. It is composed of a PLL (TXPLL) B, a rate control unit (RATE) A, and a driver (DRV) 8, and has a function of generating transmission data (D TX ) obtained by shaping the waveform of deteriorated reception data (D RX ).
- the receiver 4 receives the reception data (D RX ).
- Clock data recovery (CDR) 5 is recovery data (D CDR) from the output signal of the receiver 4 that receives the data and generates a recovery clock (F CDR).
- RXPLL1 receives a reference clock (F REF ) and a BGR output voltage (V BGR ) that is an output voltage of BGR3, and supplies an RX clock (F PLL_RX ) to CDR5.
- the serial / parallel converter 6 converts the recovery data (D CDR ) into parallel data using the recovery clock (F CDR ) to generate parallel data (D PARA ).
- the parallel-serial converter 7 converts parallel data (D PARA ) into serial data and generates transmission data.
- the driver (DRV) 8 amplifies the signal output from the parallel-serial converter 7 and generates transmission data (D TX ).
- the frequency dividing circuit 9 divides the recovery clock (F CDR ) by a factor of N and supplies it to TXPLLB.
- the TXPLLB is input with the signal output from the frequency dividing circuit 9 as a reference clock, is input with the BGR output voltage (V BGR ), and supplies the TX clock (F PLL_TX ) to the parallel-serial converter 7.
- RXPLL1 and TXPLLB have the LDO and LCVCO of the above-described embodiment.
- the LDO and LCVCO used for RXPLL1 and TXPLLB may be those of any of the embodiments described above.
- the rate control unit (RATE) A extracts a rate determination signal (S RATE ) from the recovery data (D CDR ), transmits it to the RXPLL1 and TXPLLB, and controls the output clock frequencies of the RXPLL1 and TXPLLB.
- interface device C of the third embodiment may be mounted on a semiconductor integrated circuit.
- Received data includes a signal for setting a data rate.
- the interface device C extracts a signal for setting the data rate from the received data (D RX ), and changes the data rate so as not to hinder communication.
- the reception data (D RX ) includes a data rate setting signal (AN: Auto Negotiation) and data (SYNC) for setting the data rate. Since the data rate of the data rate setting signal (AN) is determined, the interface apparatus C can receive the data rate setting signal (AN).
- AN Auto Negotiation
- SYNC data for setting the data rate. Since the data rate of the data rate setting signal (AN) is determined, the interface apparatus C can receive the data rate setting signal (AN).
- the rate control unit (RATE) A analyzes the data rate setting signal (AN) from the recovery data (D CDR ) and determines the required data rate. .
- the rate control unit (RATE) A determines a rate determination signal (S RATE ) and transmits it to RXPLL1 and TXPLLB so that the interface apparatus C operates at the determined data rate.
- the RXPLL 1 and TXPLLB When receiving the rate determination signal (S RATE ), the RXPLL 1 and TXPLLB start calibration for changing the frequency of the RX clock (F PLL_RX ) and the TX clock (F PLL_TX ). RXPLL1 and TXPLLB perform calibration using the PLL of the second embodiment (including the first and second modifications).
- the interface device C of the third embodiment can cope with a plurality of data rates at low cost.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications and equivalent configurations within the scope of the appended claims.
- the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
- a part of the configuration of one embodiment may be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment.
- another configuration may be added, deleted, or replaced.
- each of the above-described configurations, functions, processing units, processing means, etc. may be realized in hardware by designing a part or all of them, for example, with an integrated circuit, and the processor realizes each function. It may be realized by software by interpreting and executing the program to be executed.
- Information such as programs, tables, and files that realize each function can be stored in a storage device such as a memory, a hard disk, and an SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as an IC card, an SD card, and a DVD.
- a storage device such as a memory, a hard disk, and an SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as an IC card, an SD card, and a DVD.
- control lines and information lines indicate what is considered necessary for the explanation, and do not necessarily indicate all control lines and information lines necessary for mounting. In practice, it can be considered that almost all the components are connected to each other.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明に係るLC共振器(LCVCO)の実施例1について、図1~図5を用いて説明する。
=VLDO_REF((R2+R3)/R3)
=ILDO_REF(R1)((R2+R3)/R3)
本発明に係る位相同期回路(PLL)の実施例について説明する。図7は、第2の実施例におけるPLLの構成例を説明する図である。
次に、第2の実施例の第1の変形例を説明する。図9は、第2の実施例におけるPLLの第1の変形例を説明する図である。
次に、第2の実施例の第2の変形例を説明する。図10は、第2の実施例におけるPLLの第2の変形例を説明する図である。
次に、図13、図14を参照し、本発明の第3の実施例におけるインターフェース装置について説明する。
Claims (7)
- 定電圧源から電圧が供給される共振器であって、
前記定電圧源は電圧調整信号によって調整された出力電圧を前記共振器に出力し、
前記共振器は、
入力された制御信号及び周波数調整信号に応じて容量を可変することによって、周波数を可変したクロック信号を出力し、
前記定電圧源から出力された電圧によって前記クロック信号の周波数を可変することを特徴とする共振器。 - 請求項1に記載の共振器であって、
前記共振器は、二つのインダクタンス、前記容量及び二つのトランジスタを有し、
前記各インダクタンスの第1の端子には、前記定電圧源から供給された電圧が入力され、
前記容量は、前記二つのインダクタンスの第2の端子の間に接続され、
前記各トランジスタは、前記インダクタンスの第2の端子から信号が入力され、逆側の前記インダクタンスの第2の端子から逆相の信号が入力されるように、前記二つのインダクタンスに接続され、
前記各トランジスタの他の端子は、グランドに接続され、
少なくとも一つの前記インダクタンスの第2の端子から前記クロック信号を出力することを特徴とする共振器。 - 所定の周波数の信号を出力する位相同期回路であって、
位相比較器、チャージポンプ、ループフィルタ、共振器、定電圧源及び分周器を有し、
前記分周器は、分周数設定信号によって分周数を設定し、
前記位相比較器は、前記分周器から出力される帰還クロックと、入力された参照クロックとを比較して、位相差信号として出力し、
前記共振器は、前記位相差信号が前記チャージポンプ及び前記ループフィルタを通して制御電圧として入力され、出力信号の周波数及び位相を所定の値に制御し、
前記定電圧源は、前記参照クロック及びレート決定信号から決定された出力電圧調整信号が入力され、前記共振器に印加する出力電圧を調整し、
前記共振器は、前記参照クロック及び前記レート決定信号から決定された周波数調整信号及び前記定電圧源から出力された出力電圧に基づいて、出力するクロック信号が所定の周波数になるように調整することを特徴とする位相同期回路。 - 請求項3に記載の位相同期回路であって、さらに、セレクタ及び論理部を有し、
前記分周器は、前記レート決定信号を前記分周数設定信号として用いて前記分周数を設定し、
前記共振器は、前記位相差信号が前記チャージポンプ、前記ループフィルタ及び前記セレクタを通して制御電圧として入力され、
前記論理部は、
前記分周器の出力信号、前記参照クロック及び前記レート決定信号に基づいて、前記共振器が出力するクロック信号が所定の周波数になるように、前記出力電圧調整信号及び前記周波数調整信号を決定し、
前記決定された出力電圧調整信号を前記定電圧源に出力し、
前記決定された周波数調整信号を前記共振器に出力することを特徴とする位相同期回路。 - 請求項3に記載の位相同期回路であって、さらに、ルックアップテーブルを有し、
前記分周器は、前記ルックアップテーブルが出力する分周数設定信号によって前記分周数を設定し、
前記ルックアップテーブルは、
前記参照クロック及び前記レート決定信号に基づいて、前記共振器が出力するクロック信号が所定の周波数になるように、前記出力電圧調整信号、前記周波数調整信号及び前記分周数設定信号を決定し、
前記決定された出力電圧調整信号を前記定電圧源に出力し、
前記決定された周波数調整信号を前記共振器に出力し、
前記決定された分周数設定信号を前記分周器に出力することを特徴とする位相同期回路。 - 請求項3に記載の位相同期回路であって、さらに、コンパレータ及び論理部を有し、
前記分周器は、前記論理部が出力する分周数設定信号によって前記分周数を設定し、
前記コンパレータは、所定の閾値電圧を用いて、前記共振器に入力される制御電圧の電圧値を判定し、レベル判定信号を前記論理部に出力し、
前記論理部は、
前記レベル判定信号、前記参照クロック及び前記レート決定信号に基づいて、前記共振器が出力するクロック信号が所定の周波数になるように、前記出力電圧調整信号、前記周波数調整信号及び前記分周数設定信号を決定し、
前記決定された出力電圧調整信号を前記定電圧源に出力し、
前記決定された周波数調整信号を前記共振器に出力し、
前記決定された分周数設定信号を前記分周器に出力することを特徴とする位相同期回路。 - 請求項3から6のいずれか一つに記載の位相同期回路を第1及び第2のクロック発生器として用いた半導体集積回路装置であって、
受信回路、前記第1のクロック発生器、クロック分離回路、前記第2のクロック発生器、レート制御部及び送信データ生成回路を有し、
前記受信回路は、入力された受信データを受信し、
前記第1のクロック発生器は、入力された参照クロックを用いて受信クロックを生成し、前記クロック分離回路に出力し、
前記クロック分離回路は、前記生成された受信クロックを用いて、前記受信データからリカバリクロック及びリカバリデータを抽出し、
前記第2のクロック発生器は、前記リカバリクロックを前記分周器が分周した信号を参照クロックとして用いて送信クロックを生成し、
前記送信データ生成回路は、前記生成された送信クロックを用いて、リカバリデータを、前記受信データと異なるレートの送信用データに変換し、
前記レート制御部は、前記リカバリデータから抽出された受信データのレート情報に従って、前記第1及び第2のクロック発生器が出力するクロック信号が所定の周波数になるように調整されたレート決定信号を出力することを特徴とする半導体集積回路装置。
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