WO2015056907A1 - 분리막 및 그를 포함하는 리튬-황 전지 - Google Patents
분리막 및 그를 포함하는 리튬-황 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015056907A1 WO2015056907A1 PCT/KR2014/009122 KR2014009122W WO2015056907A1 WO 2015056907 A1 WO2015056907 A1 WO 2015056907A1 KR 2014009122 W KR2014009122 W KR 2014009122W WO 2015056907 A1 WO2015056907 A1 WO 2015056907A1
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- substituted
- lithium
- unsubstituted
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- -1 BaTiO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XCKPLVGWGCWOMD-YYEYMFTQSA-N 3-[[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[(2s,3s,4r,5r)-3,4-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)-2,5-bis(2-cyanoethoxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-tris(2-cyanoethoxy)oxan-2-yl]methoxy]propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCO[C@H]1[C@H](OCCC#N)[C@@H](COCCC#N)O[C@@]1(COCCC#N)O[C@@H]1[C@H](OCCC#N)[C@@H](OCCC#N)[C@H](OCCC#N)[C@@H](COCCC#N)O1 XCKPLVGWGCWOMD-YYEYMFTQSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010116 LiAlTiP Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MKGYHFFYERNDHK-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Li+] MKGYHFFYERNDHK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;lithium;titanium(4+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical group C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- KXJGSNRAQWDDJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-acetyl-5-bromo-2h-indol-3-one Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C2N(C(=O)C)CC(=O)C2=C1 KXJGSNRAQWDDJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-VVKOMZTBSA-N Dideuterium Chemical compound [2H][2H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-VVKOMZTBSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/497—Ionic conductivity
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Definitions
- the present application relates to a separator and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same.
- the lithium-sulfur battery uses a sulfur-based compound having a sulfur-sulfur bond as a positive electrode active material, and a secondary material using a carbon-based material in which insertion and deintercalation of an alkali metal such as lithium or metal ions such as lithium ions occurs. It is a battery.
- the reduction of sulfur-sulfur bonds during the reduction of the discharging reaction results in the reduction of sulfur oxides, and the oxidation-reduction reaction in which the sulfur-sulfur bonds are re-formed as the oxidation-response of sulfur increases during the oxidation reaction. .
- Lithium-sulfur batteries have an energy density of 3830 mAh / g when using lithium metal used as a negative electrode active material, and a promising energy density with an energy density of 1675 mAh / g when using sulfur (S 8 ) used as a positive electrode active material.
- sulfur-based material used as the positive electrode active material has the advantage of being inexpensive and environmentally friendly material.
- An object of the present application is to provide a separator that prevents lithium polysulfide from eluting from a cathode of a lithium-sulfur battery and suppresses growth of lithium dendrite generated in the anode.
- Another object of the present application is to provide a lithium-sulfur battery to which the separator is applied.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present application is a first layer comprising a lithium ion conductive compound having at least one functional group selected from -SO 3 Li, -COOLi and -OLi; And a second layer including inorganic oxide particles and a binder.
- Another embodiment of the present application is a cathode; Anode; And it provides a lithium-sulfur battery comprising the separator located between the cathode and the anode.
- Another embodiment of the present application provides a battery module including the lithium-sulfur battery as a unit cell.
- Another embodiment of the present application is to form a first layer comprising a lithium ion conductive compound having at least one functional group selected from -SO 3 Li, -COOLi and -OLi; And forming a second layer including inorganic oxide particles and a binder on the first layer.
- Another embodiment of the present application includes assembling the separator, the cathode and the anode, wherein the assembly is performed such that the first layer of the separator is closer to the cathode and the second layer of the separator is closer to the anode. It provides a method for producing a phosphorus lithium-sulfur battery.
- the separator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application is applied to a lithium-sulfur battery to prevent lithium polysulfide from eluting at the cathode and to prevent the growth of lithium dendrite at the anode to prevent short circuits. It can be effective. Therefore, there is an effect of improving the battery life and battery safety.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present application is a first layer comprising a lithium ion conductive compound having at least one functional group selected from -SO 3 Li, -COOLi and -OLi; And a second layer including inorganic oxide particles and a binder.
- the first layer and the second layer may be provided in contact with each other. That is, the first layer and the second layer may be in contact with each other to form a film.
- the separator may further include a third layer including a porous substrate provided between the first layer and the second layer.
- the substrate may serve as a support for forming the first layer and the second layer.
- the pores of the porous substrate may be impregnated with the material of the first layer and / or the second layer.
- the porosity of the first layer may be 5% or less.
- the porosity of the first layer is 5% or less, there is an effect of preventing the lithium polysulfide from diffusing to the anode to improve the life characteristics.
- One embodiment of the present application is a cathode; Anode; And the separator positioned between the cathode and the anode, wherein a first layer of the separator is provided closer to the cathode, and a second layer of the separator is provided closer to the anode.
- the first layer of the separator may be provided in contact with the cathode
- the second layer of the separator may be provided in contact with the anode
- the separator of the present application is applied to a lithium-sulfur battery to prevent lithium polysulfide from eluting at the cathode, and to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite at the anode, thereby preventing short circuits. . Therefore, there is an effect of improving the battery life and battery safety.
- lithium polysulfide produced in a cathode including sulfur of a lithium-sulfur battery melts in an electrolyte and oxidizes in a cathode, thereby reducing electrode capacity.
- a battery short occurs due to lithium dendrite growth during charging and discharging of the lithium negative electrode, thereby causing a problem in battery safety.
- the separator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application has a multilayer structure including the first layer and the second layer, and may simultaneously exhibit the effects of safety of the battery due to life characteristics and suppression of dendrite growth. Specifically, since the separator may pass lithium ions by the lithium ion conductive compound included in the first layer and prevent the movement of lithium polysulfide, lithium polysulfide moves to the cathode to be oxidized to reduce electrode capacity. Can be solved. In addition, the inorganic oxide particles included in the second layer of the separator physically blocks the growth of dendrite in the lithium anode, thereby preventing the occurrence of battery shorts and further improving battery safety.
- the diffusion of lithium polysulfide to the interface between the lithium ion conductive compound and the inorganic oxide particles may be promoted to deteriorate the lifespan characteristics of the battery. It is preferable to form.
- the lithium ion conductive compound may include a repeating unit represented by the following Formula D.
- R is a hydrocarbon group substituted or unsubstituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur,
- X is -SO 3 Li, -COOLi or -OLi
- y 1 to 100,000.
- hydrocarbon group means a group having a carbon skeleton, wherein carbon (C) in the carbon skeleton is replaced with at least one selected from the group consisting of oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S). Hydrogen (H) may be replaced by halogen, in particular fluorine (F), and may have a substituent or a linking group.
- Formula D refers to a hydrocarbon compound having at least one substituent selected from -SO 3 Li, -COOLi, and -OLi.
- a capping group of a lithium ion conductive compound including a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula D may be selected from hydrogen, a halogen group, a hydroxy group, and an amine group.
- the repeating unit represented by Formula D may have a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000,000.
- Chemical Formula D may be represented by the following Chemical Formula E.
- A is -OCF 2 CF (CF 3 )-or a direct bond
- k is an integer from 1 to 30,
- s is an integer from 1 to 10,
- y is an integer from 1 to 100,000.
- the formula E may be represented by the following formula E-1, formula E-2, formula E-3 or formula E-4.
- the lithium ion conductive compounds may be sulfonated styrene units, sulfonated poly (arylene ether) units, sulfonated polyarylene ether ketone units, sulfonated fluorinated carbon units, carboxylated carbon units and hydrides.
- One or two or more polymers selected from the group consisting of oxylated carbon-based units, the hydrogen cation of at least one functional group selected from sulfonic acid groups, carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups included in the polymer may be substituted with lithium cations. .
- sulfonated styrene units in which hydrogen cations of sulfonic acid groups are replaced with lithium cations
- sulfonated poly (arylene ether) units in which hydrogen cations of sulfonic acid groups are replaced by lithium cations
- hydrogen cations of sulfonic acid groups as lithium cations
- the hydrogen cation of the hydroxyl group may be one or two or more copolymers selected from the group consisting of hydroxylated carbon-based units substituted with lithium cations.
- the lithium ion conductive compound may include a copolymer including a repeating unit of Formula A and a repeating unit of Formula B.
- n the number of repeating units
- X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently represented by one of the following Chemical Formulas 1 to 3,
- Y 1 is represented by any one of the following Chemical Formulas 4 to 6,
- L 1 is directly connected, or -CZ 2 Z 3- , -CO-, -O-, -S-, -SO 2- , -SiZ 2 Z 3 -and a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group ,
- Z 2 and Z 3 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently one of hydrogen, an alkyl group, a trifluoromethyl group (-CF 3 ), and a phenyl group,
- S 1 to S 5 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently hydrogen; heavy hydrogen; Halogen group; Cyano group; Nitrile group; Nitro group; Hydroxyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; A substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted silyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted boron group; Substituted or unsubstituted amine group; Substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group,
- a, b, c, p and q are the same as or different from each other, and each independently an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less,
- a ' is an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less
- L 2 is directly connected, or is selected from -CO-, -SO 2- , and a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group,
- d, e, f, g, and h are the same as or different from each other, and each independently an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less,
- b ' is an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less
- T 1 to T 5 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently at least one is -SO 3 Li, -COOLi or -OLi, and the others are the same or different from each other, and each independently hydrogen; heavy hydrogen; Halogen group; Cyano group; Nitrile group; Nitro group; Hydroxyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; A substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted silyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted boron group; Substituted or unsubstituted amine group; Substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group.
- examples of the halogen group include fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
- the alkyl group may be a straight chain or branched chain, carbon number is not particularly limited but is preferably 1 to 60, specifically 1 to 40, more specifically 1 to 20. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and heptyl groups.
- the alkenyl group may be linear or branched chain, carbon number is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 60, specifically 2 to 40, more specifically 2 to 20.
- the alkoxy group may be linear or branched chain, carbon number is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 60, specifically 1 to 40, more specifically 1 to 20.
- the cycloalkyl group is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 60 carbon atoms, specifically 3 to 40 carbon atoms, more specifically 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group.
- the heterocycloalkyl group includes one or more of S, O, and N, and is not particularly limited, but preferably has 2 to 60 carbon atoms, specifically 2 to 40 carbon atoms, more specifically 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly cyclo Pentyl groups and cyclohexyl groups are preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 60, specifically 1 to 40, more specifically 1 to 20.
- Specific examples of the amine group include methylamine group, dimethylamine group, ethylamine group, diethylamine group, phenylamine group, naphthylamine group, biphenylamine group, anthracenylamine group, and 9-methyl-anthracenylamine group. , Diphenylamine group, phenylnaphthylamine group, ditolylamine group, phenyltolylamine group, triphenylamine group and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and the carbon number is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6 to 60, specifically 6 to 40, and more specifically 6 to 20.
- Specific examples of the aryl group include monocyclic aromatic and naphthyl groups such as phenyl group, biphenyl group, triphenyl group, terphenyl group, stilbene group, vinaphthyl group, anthracenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, pyrenyl group, peryleneyl group and tetrasenyl Polycyclic aromatics such as groups, chrysenyl groups, fluorenyl groups, acenaphthasenyl groups, triphenylene groups, fluoranthene groups, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the heteroaryl group includes at least one of S, O and N as a hetero atom, and the carbon number is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 60, specifically 2 to 40, and more specifically 3 to 20.
- Specific examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, Furazanyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, dithiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyranyl, thiopyranyl, diazinyl, oxazinyl, thiazinyl, dioxynyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, quinolyl, iso Quinolyl, quinazolinyl
- the fluorenyl group may be substituted by other substituents, the substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- substituted or unsubstituted is deuterium; Halogen group; Nitrile group; Nitro group; Hydroxyl group; Cyano group; C 1 to C 60 straight or branched alkyl; C 2 Through C 60 Straight or branched alkenyl; C 2 to C 60 straight or branched alkynyl; C 3 to C 60 monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl; C 2 to C 60 monocyclic or polycyclic heterocycloalkyl; C 6 Through C 60 Monocyclic or polycyclic aryl; Substituted or unsubstituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C 2 to C 60 monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted with a substituent having a structure of two or more selected from the group consisting of substituents exemplified above. it means. As described above, when two or more substituents have a linked structure, the two or more substituents have a linked structure, the two or more
- m and n refer to the number of repeating units, and may be 2 ⁇ m ⁇ 200 and 2 ⁇ n ⁇ 200.
- the ratio of m and n may be 1: 9 to 7: 3. That is, when m + n is 1, n may have a ratio of 0.3 to 0.9.
- the ratio of m and n may be 2: 8 to 6: 4. That is, when m + n is 1, n may have a ratio of 0.4 to 0.8.
- At least one of the X 1 to X 3 may be represented by the following formula (11).
- S 6 to S 8 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently hydrogen; heavy hydrogen; Halogen group; Cyano group; Nitrile group; Nitro group; Hydroxyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; A substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted silyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted boron group; Substituted or unsubstituted amine group; Substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group,
- s and t are the same as or different from each other, and each independently an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less,
- r may be an integer of 0 or more and 8 or less.
- At least one of X 1 and X 2 may be represented by Chemical Formula 11.
- Chemical Formula 1 may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 1-1.
- Chemical Formula 4 may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 4-1.
- T 1 , T 2 , d, e, and L 2 are the same as defined in Chemical Formula 4.
- X 1 , X 2 and X 3 may be the same or different from each other, and each independently selected from the following structural formulas.
- R and R ' are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently -NO 2 or -CF 3 .
- R and R ' are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently -NO 2 or -CF 3 .
- Y 1 is It may be any one selected from the following structural formula.
- Q is -SO 3 Li, -COOLi or -OLi
- Q ' is hydrogen, -SO 3 Li, -COOLi or -OLi.
- Q may be -SO 3 Li.
- Q ' may be -SO 3 Li.
- the copolymer may further include a repeating unit of Formula C.
- Z is a trivalent organic group.
- the repeating unit of Chemical Formula C is a brancher, and serves to link or crosslink the polymer chain. Branches may be formed in the chain according to the number of repeating units of Formula C, or the chains may be crosslinked with each other to form a mesh-like structure.
- Z is a trivalent organic group, and may combine with additional repeating units in each of three directions to extend the polymer chain.
- r when the number of repeating units of the repeating unit of Formula C is r, r may be an integer of 1 to 300.
- the repeating unit of Formula C may be a polymer repeating unit constituting the main chain.
- Z may be connected to at least one selected from X 1 , X 2 , X 3, and Y 1 to form one repeating unit.
- One repeating unit formed as described above may form a main chain. In this case, the number of repeating units is equal to k described above.
- the oxygen linking group is a linking group in which the compound is released by condensation polymerization and remains in the chain.
- HF oxygen
- -O- oxygen
- Z is represented by the following formula C-1 or C-2.
- Z 1 may be represented by any one of the following Chemical Formulas 7 to 9.
- L 3 to L 6 are the same as or different from each other, and are each directly directly connected, or -O-, -CO-, or -SO 2- ,
- E 1 to E 7 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently hydrogen; heavy hydrogen; Halogen group; Cyano group; Nitrile group; Nitro group; Hydroxyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; A substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group; Substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted silyl group; Substituted or unsubstituted boron group; Substituted or unsubstituted amine group; Substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group,
- c ', d', e 'and h' are the same as or different from each other, and each independently an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less,
- f ', g' and i ' are the same as or different from each other, and each independently an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less,
- X 4 and X 5 are each independently the same as the definition of X 3 or Y 1 in formula (B).
- Z may be any one selected from the following structural formulas.
- the repeating unit of Formula A may be represented by the following structural formula.
- the repeating unit of Formula B may be represented by the following structural formula.
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer may be 500 or more and 5,000,000 or less, specifically 10,000 or more and 2,000,000 or less, and more specifically 20,000 or more and 1,000,000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is in the above range, the mechanical properties of the electrolyte membrane are not lowered, and the solubility of the copolymer can be maintained to facilitate the preparation of the electrolyte membrane.
- the binder connects the inorganic oxide particles, an interstitial volume between the inorganic oxide particles and the binder; And pores in the second layer due to at least one void space selected from the void space between the inorganic oxide particles.
- the second layer may have a pore size of 0.01 micrometer or more and 50 micrometers or less and a porosity of 5% or more and 95% or less.
- the pore size means the diameter of the pore.
- the inorganic oxide particles must be electrochemically stable, and oxidation and / or reduction reactions are performed in the operating voltage range of the lithium-sulfur battery (for example, 0 to 5 V based on Li / Li + ). It may not happen.
- the inorganic oxide particles have a high density, it is not only difficult to disperse during coating, but also has a problem of weight increase during battery manufacturing.
- the inorganic oxide particles may be at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic inorganic oxide particles and inorganic oxide particles having a lithium ion transfer capability.
- the hydrophilic inorganic oxide particles may have a high dielectric constant to contribute to an increase in dissociation degree of the electrolyte salt, such as lithium salt, in the liquid electrolyte, thereby improving the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte solution.
- high dielectric constant inorganic oxide particles having a dielectric constant of 5 or more, preferably 10 or more are preferable.
- the hydrophilic inorganic oxide particles SrTiO 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiC, BaTiO 3 , HfO 2 , Pb (Zr, Ti) O 3 (PZT), Pb 1-x La x Zr 1-y Ti y O 3 (PLZT) (0 ⁇ x ⁇ , 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) and PB (Mg 3 Nb 2 / 3 ) O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT) may include one or two or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the inorganic oxide particles having a lithium ion transfer capacity means inorganic oxide particles containing lithium elements but having a function of transferring lithium ions without storing lithium.
- Inorganic oxide particles having lithium ion transfer capability can transfer and move lithium ions due to a kind of defect present in the particle structure, thereby improving lithium ion conductivity in the battery, thereby improving battery performance. can do. Therefore, the inorganic oxide particles having the lithium ion transfer ability are preferably as high as possible ion conductivity.
- liphosphate Li 3 PO 4
- lithium titanium phosphate Li x Ti y (PO 4 ) 3 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 3
- lithium aluminum titanium phosphate Li x Al y Ti z (PO 4 ) 3 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 3)
- (LiAlTiP) x O y series glass (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 13
- lithium lan titanate Li x La y TiO 3 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3)
- the size of the inorganic oxide particles may be 0.001 micrometers or more and 10 micrometers or less.
- the size within this range makes it possible not only to form a second layer of uniform thickness but also to form an appropriate porosity.
- it is easy to adjust the physical properties of the second layer is not dispersible to be less than 0.001 micrometers dispersibility, less than 10 micrometers to prevent the thickness of the second layer is increased to prevent mechanical property degradation, pores By not making this too large, internal short circuits can be prevented from occurring during battery charge / discharge.
- the size of the inorganic oxide particle means a diameter of the inorganic oxide particle.
- the second layer may form and control the pore structure of the second layer by adjusting the size, content, and composition of the inorganic oxide particles and the binder as constituent inorganic oxide particles.
- This pore structure is filled with the liquid electrolyte to be injected, which has the effect of reducing the interface resistance between the inorganic oxide particles or between the inorganic oxide particles and the binder.
- the content of the inorganic oxide particles may be 5% by weight or more and 99% by weight or less based on the total weight of the mixture including the inorganic oxide particles and the binder, more specifically 50% by weight or more 99 It may be up to weight percent.
- the content of the inorganic oxide particles is less than 5% by weight, the content of the binder is too high, resulting in a decrease in pore size and porosity due to the reduction of the void space formed between the inorganic oxide particles, which may result in deterioration of final battery performance.
- the mechanical properties of the final organic / inorganic composite porous coating layer may be lowered due to the weakening of the adhesion between the inorganic materials.
- the binder faithfully plays a role of a binder for stably connecting and stably connecting the inorganic particles and the particles, so as to contribute to preventing mechanical property degradation of the second layer to be finally produced.
- Binder polymers customary in the art can be used.
- the binder does not necessarily have an ion conducting ability, but when using a polymer having an ion conducting ability, the performance of the electrochemical device may be further improved. Therefore, the binder polymer is preferably as high as possible dielectric constant.
- the dissociation degree of the salt in the electrolyte depends on the dielectric constant of the electrolyte solvent, the higher the dielectric constant of the polymer, the higher the salt dissociation in the electrolyte of the present invention.
- the binder of the present invention may have a feature that can exhibit a high degree of swelling of the electrolyte by gelling when the liquid electrolyte is impregnated.
- polymers having a solubility parameter of 15 Mpa 1/2 or more and 45 Mpa 1/2 or less are preferred, and more preferably 15 Mpa 1/2 or more and 25 Mpa 1/2 or less and 30 Mpa 1/2 or more. 45 Mpa 1/2 or less. Therefore, hydrophilic polymers having more polar groups than hydrophobic polymers such as polyolefins are preferable.
- solubility index is an intrinsic value of the polymer indicating whether the solvent easily penetrates between the polymer chains.
- the unit of MPa 1/2 is SI unit, and typically, unit of (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 is also used.
- the binder is specifically polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene copolymer (polyvinylidene fluoride- co-trichloroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethyl Polyvinyl alcohol (cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol) Cynoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, pullulan, carboxyl methyl cellulose, acrylonitrile-co-styrenebutadiene and polyimide It may comprise
- the second layer may further include conventional additives known in the art in addition to the inorganic oxide particles and the binder.
- the thickness of the first layer and the second layer may be specifically 1 micrometer or more and 100 micrometers or less, and more specifically 1 micrometer or more and 30 micrometers or less, respectively.
- the range is preferably 1 micrometer or more and 100 micrometers or less, and more preferably 1 micrometer or more and 30 micrometers or less.
- the porous substrate is a high density polyethylene, a low density polyethylene, a linear low density polyethylene, an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, a poly Propylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutyleneterephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide one, two or more selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenyleneoxide, polyphenylenesulfidro and polyethylenenaphthalene It may include a mixture of.
- the porous substrate may have a pore size of 0.01 micrometer or more and 50 micrometers or less and a porosity of 5% or more and 95% or less.
- the pore size is 0.01 micrometer or more and the porosity is 5% or more to prevent the role of the resistance layer.
- a pore size of 50 micrometers or less and porosity of 95% or less may maintain mechanical properties.
- the thickness of the third layer may be 1 micrometer or more and 100 micrometers or less, and more specifically 1 micrometer or more and 100 micrometers or less. It should be more than 1 micrometer to prevent the role of the resistive layer, and less than 100 micrometers to maintain the mechanical properties.
- One embodiment of the present application comprises the steps of forming a first layer comprising a lithium ion conductive compound having at least one functional group selected from -SO 3 Li, -COOLi and -OLi; And forming a second layer including inorganic oxide particles and a binder on the first layer.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present application may further include forming a third layer including a porous substrate provided between the first layer and the second layer.
- the forming of the third layer may include preparing a third layer including the porous substrate and forming a first layer or a second layer on the third layer.
- the lithium ion conductive compound having at least one functional group selected from -SO 3 Li, -COOLi, and -OLi may be coated on the third layer including the porous substrate.
- the pores of the porous substrate are impregnated with the first layer composition or the second layer composition and the porosity of the porous substrate. May be 5% or less.
- the lithium ion conductive compound may be dissolved in an organic solvent to form a first layer composition, and then dried to form a first layer.
- inorganic oxide particles may be added and dispersed to form a second layer composition, and then formed on the first layer.
- the forming method may be a coating method, or may be laminated on the first layer after the second layer composition is dried to form a second layer.
- inorganic oxide particles may be added and dispersed to form a second layer composition, and then dried to form a second layer. Thereafter, the lithium ion conductive compound may be dissolved in an organic solvent to form a first layer composition, and then formed in the first layer.
- the forming method may be a coating method, or may be laminated on the second layer after forming the first layer by drying the first layer composition.
- the second layer composition on the other side of the third layer It can be prepared by coating and drying.
- the coating or coating method may use a conventional method known in the art, and specifically, dip coating, die coating, roll coating, comma coating, or a combination thereof may be used.
- the organic solvent used when forming the first layer composition and the second layer composition has a similar solubility index to the polymer to be used, and preferably has a low boiling point. This is because mixing can be made uniform, and then the solvent can be easily removed. Specifically, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone, NMP), cyclohexane, water or mixtures thereof.
- One embodiment of the present application is a cathode; Anode; And the separator positioned between the cathode and the anode, wherein a first layer of the separator is provided closer to the cathode, and a second layer of the separator is provided closer to the anode.
- the first layer of the separator may be provided in contact with the cathode
- the second layer of the separator may be provided in contact with the anode
- the lithium-sulfur battery may further include an electrolyte impregnated in the cathode, the anode, and / or the separator.
- the electrolyte may include a lithium salt and an organic solvent.
- An exemplary embodiment of the present application includes assembling the separator, the cathode, and the anode, wherein the assembly is performed such that the first layer of the separator is closer to the cathode and the second layer of the separator is closer to the anode. It provides a method for producing a phosphorus lithium-sulfur battery.
- the assembly may be performed such that the first layer of the separator contacts the cathode and the second layer of the separator contacts the anode.
- the method may further include forming a separator before the assembling.
- the cathode includes a sulfur-carbon composite as a cathode active material.
- the cathode further includes at least one additive selected from transition metal elements, group IIIA elements, group IVA elements, sulfur compounds of these elements, and alloys of these elements and sulfur, in addition to the cathode active material. can do.
- the transition metal element is Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd , Os, Ir, Pt, Au or Hg, and the like
- the Group IIIA element may include Al, Ga, In, Ti, and the like
- the Group IVA element may include Ge, Sn, Pb and the like.
- the cathode is a cathode active material, or optionally with an additive, an electrically conductive conductive material for allowing electrons to move smoothly within the cathode and a binder for attaching the cathode active material to the current collector well It may further include.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, but is not limited to graphite-based materials such as KS6; Carbon blacks such as Super-P, Denka Black, Acetylene Black, Ketjen Black, Channel Black, Furnace Black, Lamp Black, Summer Black, Carbon Black; Carbon derivatives such as carbon nanotubes and fullerenes; Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; Metal powders such as carbon fluoride powder, aluminum powder and nickel powder; Or conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polyacetylene, and polypyrrole may be used alone or in combination.
- graphite-based materials such as KS6
- Carbon blacks such as Super-P, Denka Black, Acetylene Black, Ketjen Black, Channel Black, Furnace Black, Lamp Black, Summer Black, Carbon Black
- Carbon derivatives such as carbon nanotubes and fullerenes
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
- the content of the conductive material may be added in an amount of 0.01 wt% to 30 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture including the cathode active material.
- the binder may be poly (vinyl acetate), polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, alkylated polyethylene oxide, crosslinked polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl ether, poly ( Methyl methacrylate), polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymers of polyhexafluoropropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride (trade name: Kynar), poly (ethyl acrylate), polytetrafluoroethylenepolyvinylchloride, polyacrylic Ronitrile, polyvinylpyridine, polystyrene, derivatives thereof, blends, copolymers and the like can be used.
- the content of the binder may be added in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 30 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture including the cathode active material. If the content of the binder is less than 0.5% by weight, the physical properties of the cathode may be lowered, so that the active material and the conductive material in the cathode may be dropped. If the content is more than 30% by weight, the ratio of the active material and the conductive material at the cathode is relatively reduced, thereby reducing battery capacity can do.
- the binder is dissolved in a solvent for preparing a slurry, and then the conductive material is dispersed.
- a solvent for preparing the slurry a cathode active material, a binder, and a conductive material can be uniformly dispersed, and it is preferable to use an easily evaporated material.
- an easily evaporated material Typically, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, and iso Propyl alcohol and the like.
- the cathode active material or optionally together with the additive, is again uniformly dispersed in the solvent in which the conductive material is dispersed to prepare a cathode slurry.
- the amount of solvent, cathode active material, or optionally additives included in the slurry does not have a particularly important meaning in the present application, and it is sufficient only to have an appropriate viscosity to facilitate the coating of the slurry.
- the slurry thus prepared is applied to the current collector and dried in vacuo to form a cathode.
- the slurry may be coated on the current collector in an appropriate thickness depending on the viscosity of the slurry and the thickness of the cathode to be formed.
- the current collector may be generally made of a thickness of 3 to 500 micrometers, and is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- a conductive material such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, or the like may be used, and more specifically, a carbon-coated aluminum current collector may be used.
- the use of an aluminum substrate coated with carbon has an advantage in that the adhesion to the active material is excellent, the contact resistance is low, and the corrosion of polysulfide of aluminum is prevented, compared with the non-carbon coated aluminum substrate.
- the current collector may be in various forms such as film, sheet, foil, net, porous body, foam or nonwoven fabric.
- the anode is a material capable of reversibly intercalating or deintercalating lithium ions as an anode active material, a material capable of reacting with lithium ions to reversibly form a lithium-containing compound, Lithium metal or lithium alloys can be used.
- the material capable of reversibly intercalating or deintercalating the lithium ions may be, for example, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, or a mixture thereof.
- the material capable of reacting with the lithium ions to reversibly form a lithium-containing compound may be, for example, tin oxide, titanium nitrate, or silicon.
- the lithium alloy is selected from the group consisting of lithium and Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al and Sn, for example. It may be an alloy of metal.
- the electrolyte impregnated in the anode, the cathode and / or the separator includes a lithium salt and an organic solvent.
- the concentration of the lithium salt is such as the exact composition of the electrolyte solvent mixture, the solubility of the salt, the conductivity of the dissolved salt, the charging and discharging conditions of the battery, the working temperature and other factors known in the lithium battery field. Depending on several factors, it may be 0.2 M to 2 M, specifically 0.6 M to 2 M, more specifically 0.7 M to 1.7 M. If the amount is less than 0.2 M, the conductivity of the electrolyte may be lowered, and thus the performance of the electrolyte may be lowered. If it is used more than 2 M, the viscosity of the electrolyte may be increased, thereby reducing the mobility of lithium ions.
- lithium salts for use in the present application include LiSCN, LiBr, LiI, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiClO 4 , LiSO 3 CH 3 , LiB (Ph) 4 , LiC (SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 And LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 may be included.
- the organic solvent may use a single solvent or two or more mixed organic solvents.
- two or more mixed organic solvents it is preferable to select and use one or more solvents from two or more groups of the weak polar solvent group, the strong polar solvent group, and the lithium metal protective solvent group.
- the weak polar solvent is defined as a solvent having a dielectric constant of less than 15 that can dissolve elemental sulfur among aryl compounds, bicyclic ethers, and acyclic carbonates, and a strong polar solvent Among click carbonates, sulfoxide compounds, lactone compounds, ketone compounds, ester compounds, sulfate compounds, sulfite compounds, a dielectric constant capable of dissolving lithium polysulfide is defined as a solvent having a dielectric constant greater than 15, and the lithium metal protective solvent is a saturated ether Solvents with a cycle efficiency of 50% or more, which forms a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on lithium metals such as compounds, unsaturated ether compounds, heterocyclic compounds containing N, O, S or combinations thereof Is defined as
- the weak polar solvent examples include xylene, dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, toluene, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, Diglyme or tetraglyme.
- the strong polar solvent are hexamethyl phosphoric triamide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, acetonitrile, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidone , 3-methyl-2-oxazolidone, dimethyl formamide, sulfolane, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfate, ethylene glycol diacetate, dimethyl sulfite, or ethylene glycol sulfite.
- lithium protective solvent examples include tetrahydrofuran, ethylene oxide, dioxolane, 3,5-dimethyl isoxazole, furan, 2-methylfuran, 1,4-oxane or 4- Methyldioxolane and the like.
- the electrolyte may be performed at an appropriate step in the manufacturing process of the electrochemical device, depending on the manufacturing process and the required physical properties of the final product. That is, it may be applied before assembling the electrochemical device or at the final stage of assembly of the electrochemical device.
- another exemplary embodiment of the present application provides a battery module including the lithium-sulfur battery as a unit cell.
- the battery module may be specifically used as a power source of an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle or a power storage device.
- reaction temperature was raised to 182 ° C. and 100 mL of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was further added, followed by condensation polymerization for 12 hours.
- the temperature of the reaction product was reduced to 60 ° C., and about 200 mL of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in the reaction product was removed while applying a vacuum and raising the temperature of the reaction product to 120 ° C.
- the reaction was then cooled to room temperature and 300 mL of methyltetrahydrofuran (THF) was added to dilute the reaction.
- THF methyltetrahydrofuran
- the diluted reaction was poured into 3 L of methanol to separate the copolymer from the solvent, followed by filtration.
- the cake form was dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C. for at least 12 hours to prepare 34.8 g of a white branched hydrophobic block having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 g / mol and a terminal group characterized by florin elements.
- reaction temperature was raised to 182 ° C. and 100 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide was further added to carry out condensation polymerization for 12 hours. After completion of the reaction, 200 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the reaction mixture to dilute it. Then, the diluted reaction product was poured into 3 L of methanol to separate the copolymer from the solvent.
- a polyarylene ether copolymer containing lithium sulfonate in which branched hydrophobic blocks and branched hydrophilic blocks were alternately chemically bonded was prepared.
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer was about 800,000.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H NMR measurement graph of the copolymer prepared according to Preparation Example 1. According to Figure 1, it can be confirmed that the polyarylene ether copolymer containing lithium sulfonate.
- the structure of the polyarylene ether copolymer containing lithium sulfonate is shown in FIG. 1 and the repeating unit n and m values are the same as described above.
- Lithium foil having a thickness of about 150 ⁇ m was used as the negative electrode together with the positive electrode, and dimethoxyethane: dioxolane (volume ratio of 1: 1) in which LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 was dissolved at a concentration of 1 M was used as an electrolyte.
- a mixed solution was used, and a lithium-sulfur battery was prepared using the separator.
- a lithium-sulfur battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that zinc oxide having a diameter of 400 nm was used instead of aluminum oxide having a diameter of 400 nm in Example 1.
- a lithium-sulfur battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that zirconium oxide having a diameter of 400 nm was used instead of aluminum oxide having a diameter of 400 nm in Example 1.
- a lithium-sulfur battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in Example 1, a polyarylene ether copolymer coating containing lithium sulfonate dispersed in dimethylsuloxide (DMSO) was omitted.
- DMSO dimethylsuloxide
- a lithium-sulfur battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in Example 1, aluminum oxide having a diameter of 400 nm dispersed in acetone and PVDF-HFP (polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer) coating were omitted. Prepared.
- a lithium-sulfur battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that all coatings were omitted on the substrate in preparing the separator of Example 1.
- a polyarylene ether copolymer containing lithium sulfonate dispersed in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and aluminum oxide having a diameter of 400 nm were mixed and coated to a thickness of 5 ⁇ to prepare a separator.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- a lithium-sulfur battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the separator was used.
- the lithium-sulfur battery of Example 1 exhibits a high capacity retention of 92% and battery driving characteristics of 500 cycles or more.
- the lithium-sulfur battery of Comparative Example 1 using a separator not including the first layer of the present application exhibited a capacity retention of about 70% of the capacity retention of the lithium-sulfur battery of Example 1,
- a short circuit occurred in the battery operation of 300 cycles or less than the battery shortage point of the lithium-sulfur battery of Example 1, and the first It can be seen that the lithium-sulfur battery of Comparative Example 3, which does not include both the layer and the second layer, has a lower capacity retention rate and a faster battery short time than that of the lithium-sulfur battery of Example 1.
- the lithium-sulfur battery including the separator according to the exemplary embodiment of the present application has a high capacity retention rate, and may have an effect of preventing battery short circuit by inhibiting dendrite growth.
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Abstract
Description
초기용량(mAh/g) | 100 cycle 후 용량 유지률(%) | 전지 단락 시점 | |
실시예 1 | 1050 | 92 | > 500 cycle |
실시예 2 | 1050 | 91 | > 500 cycle |
실시예 3 | 1050 | 91 | > 500 cycle |
비교예 1 | 1100 | 64 | > 500 cycle |
비교예 2 | 1050 | 91 | 170 cycle |
비교예 3 | 1100 | 62 | 130 cycle |
비교예 4 | 1050 | 63 | > 500 cycle |
Claims (26)
- -SO3Li, -COOLi 및 -OLi 중에서 선택되는 1 이상의 작용기를 가지는 리튬 이온 전도성 화합물을 포함하는 제1 층; 및무기 산화물 입자 및 바인더를 포함하는 제2 층을 포함하는 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 분리막은 상기 제1 층과 상기 제2 층 사이에 구비된 다공성 기재를 포함하는 제3 층을 더 포함하는 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 이온 전도성 화합물은 술폰화된 스티렌 단위, 술폰화된 폴리(아릴렌 에테르) 단위, 술폰화된 폴리아릴렌에테르케톤 단위, 술폰화된 불화 탄소계 단위, 카르복실화된 탄소계 단위 및 히드록실화된 탄소계 단위로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 또는 둘 이상의 중합체이고,상기 중합체에 포함된 술폰산기, 카르복실기 및 히드록실기 중에서 선택되는 1 이상의 작용기의 수소 양이온이 리튬 양이온으로 치환된 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 이온 전도성 화합물은 하기 화학식 A의 반복단위 및 하기 화학식 B의 반복단위를 포함하는 공중합체인 것인 분리막:[화학식 A][화학식 B]상기 화학식 A 및 화학식 B에서,m 및 n는 반복단위 수를 의미하고,1 ≤ m ≤ 500, 1 ≤ n ≤ 500이며,X1, X2 및 X3은 서로 동일하거나 상이하고, 각각 독립적으로 하기 화학식 1 내지 화학식 3 중 어느 하나로 표시되고,Y1은 하기 화학식 4 내지 화학식 6 중 어느 하나로 표시되며,[화학식 1][화학식 2][화학식 3]상기 화학식 1 내지 화학식 3에서,L1은 직접연결이거나, -CZ2Z3-, -CO-, -O-, -S-, -SO2-, -SiZ2Z3- 및 치환 또는 비치환된 플루오레닐기 중 어느 하나이고,Z2 및 Z3는 서로 동일하거나 상이하며, 각각 독립적으로 수소, 알킬기, 트리플루오로메틸기(-CF3) 및 페닐기 중 어느 하나이고,S1 내지 S5는 서로 동일하거나 상이하며, 각각 독립적으로 수소; 중수소; 할로겐기; 시아노기; 니트릴기; 니트로기; 히드록시기; 치환 또는 비치환된 알킬기; 치환 또는 비치환된 시클로알킬기; 치환 또는 비치환된 알콕시기; 치환 또는 비치환된 알케닐기; 치환 또는 비치환된 실릴기; 치환 또는 비치환된 붕소기; 치환 또는 비치환된 아민기; 치환 또는 비치환된 아릴기; 또는 치환 또는 비치환된 헤테로아릴기이고,a, b, c, p 및 q는 서로 동일하거나 상이하며, 각각 독립적으로 0 이상 4 이하인 정수이고,a'는 1 이상 5 이하인 정수이며,[화학식 4][화학식 5][화학식 6]상기 화학식 4 내지 6에서,L2는 직접연결이거나, -CO-, -SO2-, 및 치환 또는 비치환된 플루오레닐기 중에서 선택되는 어느 하나이고,d, e, f, g 및 h는 서로 동일하거나 상이하며, 각각 독립적으로 0 이상 4 이하인 정수이고,b'는 1 이상 5 이하인 정수이며,T1 내지 T5는 서로 동일하거나 상이하고, 각각 독립적으로 적어도 하나는 -SO3Li, -COOLi 또는 -OLi이며, 나머지는 서로 동일하거나 상이하며, 각각 독립적으로 수소; 중수소; 할로겐기; 시아노기; 니트릴기; 니트로기; 히드록시기; 치환 또는 비치환된 알킬기; 치환 또는 비치환된 시클로알킬기; 치환 또는 비치환된 알콕시기; 치환 또는 비치환된 알케닐기; 치환 또는 비치환된 실릴기; 치환 또는 비치환된 붕소기; 치환 또는 비치환된 아민기; 치환 또는 비치환된 아릴기; 또는 치환 또는 비치환된 헤테로아릴기이다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 무기 산화물 입자는 친수성 무기 산화물 입자 및 리튬 이온 전달 능력을 갖는 무기 산화물 입자로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상을 포함하는것인 분리막.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 친수성 무기 산화물 입자는 SrTiO3, SnO2, CeO2, MgO, NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO2, Y2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, SiC, BaTiO3, HfO2, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT), Pb1-xLaxZr1-yTiyO3(PLZT)( 0 < x < , 0 < y < 1) 및 PB(Mg3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3(PMN-PT)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 또는 둘 이상을 포함하는 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 리튬 이온 전달 능력을 갖는 무기 산화물 입자는 리포스페이트 (Li3PO4), 리튬티타늄포스페이트(LixTiy(PO4)3, 0 < x < 2, 0 < y < 1, 0 < z < 3), 리튬알루미늄티타늄포스페이트 (LixAlyTiz(PO4)3, 0 < x < 2, 0 < y < 1, 0 < z < 3), (LiAlTiP)xOy 계열 글래스(glass) (0 < x < 4, 0 < y < 13) 및 리튬란티타네이트 (LixLayTiO3,0 < x < 2, 0 < y < 3) 로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 또는 둘 이상을 포함하는 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 무기 산화물 입자의 크기는 0.001 마이크로미터 이상 10 마이크로미터 이하인 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 무기 산화물 입자의 함량은 무기 산화물 입자와 바인더를 포함하는 혼합물의 총 중량을 기준으로 5중량% 이상 99 중량% 이하인 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 바인더는 용해도 지수가 15Mpa1/2 이상 45 Mpa1/2 이하인 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 바인더는 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드-헥사플루오로프로필렌 공중합체(polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드-트리클로로에틸렌 공중합체(polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene), 폴리메틸메타클릴레이트(polymethylmethacrylate), 폴리아크릴로니트릴(polyacrylonitrile), 폴리비닐피롤리돈(polyvinylpyrrolidone), 폴리비닐아세테이트(polyvinylacetate), 폴리에틸렌 비닐 아세테이트 공중합체(polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate), 폴리에틸렌옥사이드(polyethylene oxide), 셀룰로오스 아세테이트 (cellulose acetate), 셀룰로오스 아세테이트 부틸레이트(cellulose acetate butyrate), 셀룰로오스 아세테이트 프로피오네이트(cellulose acetate propionate), 시아노에틸풀루란(cyanoethylpullulan), 시아노에틸폴리비닐알콜(cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol), 시아노에틸셀룰로오스(cyanoethylcellulose), 시아노에틸수크로오스(cyanoethylsucrose), 풀루란 (pullulan), 카르복실 메틸 셀룰로오스(carboxyl methyl cellulose), 아크리로니트릴 스티렌부타디엔 공중합체 (acrylonitrile-co-styrenebutadiene) 및 폴리이미드(polyimide)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제2 층은 0.01 마이크로미터 이상 50 마이크로미터 이하의 기공 크기와 5% 이상 95% 이하의 기공도를 갖는 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 바인더는 무기 산화물 입자들을 연결하고, 상기 무기 산화물 입자 및 상기 바인더 사이의 빈 공간; 및 상기 무기 산화물 입자들 간의 빈 공간;으로부터 선택되는 적어도 하나의 빈 공간으로 인해 제2 층에 기공이 형성되는 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 제1 층과 상기 제2 층의 두께는 각각 1 마이크로미터 이상 100 마이크로미터 이하인 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 다공성 기재는 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(high density polyethylene), 저밀도 폴리에틸렌(low density polyethylene), 선형저밀도 폴리에틸렌(linear low density polyethylene), 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌(ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene), 폴리프로필렌테레프탈레이트(polypropyleneterephthalate), 폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트(polyethyleneterephthalate), 폴리부틸렌테레프탈레이트 (polybutyleneterephthalate), 폴리에스테르(polyester), 폴리아세탈(polyacetal), 폴리아미드(polyamide), 폴리카보네이트(polycarbonate), 폴리이미드(polyimide), 폴리에테르에테르케톤(polyetheretherketone), 폴리에테르설폰(polyethersulfone), 폴리페닐렌옥사이드(polyphenyleneoxide), 폴리페닐렌설파이드로 (polyphenylenesulfidro) 및 폴리에틸렌나프탈렌(polyethylenenaphthalene)으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 다공성 기재는 0.01 마이크로미터 이상 50 마이크로미터 이하의 기공 크기와 5% 이상 95% 이하의 기공도를 갖는 것인 분리막.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 제3 층의 두께는 1 마이크로미터 이상 100 마이크로미터 이하인 것인 분리막.
- 캐소드;애노드; 및상기 캐소드와 애노드 사이에 위치하는 청구항 1 내지 18 중 어느 한 항의 분리막을 포함하는 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 19에 있어서, 상기 리튬-황 전지는 상기 분리막 중 제1 층이 캐소드와 더 가깝게 구비되며, 상기 분리막 중 제2 층이 애노드와 더 가깝게 구비되는 것인 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 19에 있어서,상기 리튬-황 전지는 상기 캐소드, 애노드 또는 분리막에 함침되어 있는 전해질을 더 포함하는 것인 리튬-황 전지.
- 청구항 19의 리튬-황 전지를 단위전지로 포함하는 전지 모듈.
- -SO3Li, -COOLi 및 -OLi 중에서 선택되는 1 이상의 작용기를 가지는 리튬 이온 전도성 화합물을 포함하는 제1 층을 형성하는 단계; 및무기 산화물 입자 및 바인더를 포함하는 제2 층을 제1 층 상에 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 청구항 1 및 3 내지 15 중 어느 한 항의 분리막의 제조방법.
- 청구항 23에 있어서,상기 제조방법은 상기 제1 층과 상기 제2 층 사이에 다공성 기재를 포함하는 제3 층을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인 분리막의 제조방법.
- 청구항 1 내지 18 중 어느 한 항의 분리막, 캐소드 및 애노드를 조립하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 조립은 상기 분리막 중 제1 층이 캐소드와 더 가깝고, 상기 분리막 중 제2 층이 애노드와 더 가깝게 수행하는 것인 리튬-황 전지의 제조방법.
- 청구항 25에 있어서,상기 조립하는 단계 이전에 분리막을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인 리튬-황 전지의 제조방법.
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CN105637677A (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
KR20150045361A (ko) | 2015-04-28 |
CN105637677B (zh) | 2018-03-13 |
KR101672095B1 (ko) | 2016-11-02 |
US9876211B2 (en) | 2018-01-23 |
EP3059784A4 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
JP6191763B2 (ja) | 2017-09-06 |
EP3059784A1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
TW201526357A (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
US20160233475A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
JP2016532992A (ja) | 2016-10-20 |
TWI521770B (zh) | 2016-02-11 |
RU2635919C1 (ru) | 2017-11-17 |
EP3059784B1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
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