WO2015035836A1 - 磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法和装置 - Google Patents

磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015035836A1
WO2015035836A1 PCT/CN2014/083592 CN2014083592W WO2015035836A1 WO 2015035836 A1 WO2015035836 A1 WO 2015035836A1 CN 2014083592 W CN2014083592 W CN 2014083592W WO 2015035836 A1 WO2015035836 A1 WO 2015035836A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
displacement
shaft
vortex
magnetic levitation
whirl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/083592
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄辉
胡余生
陈东锁
李燕
郭伟林
胡叨福
Original Assignee
珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司
Priority to JP2016541781A priority Critical patent/JP6374511B2/ja
Priority to US15/021,724 priority patent/US10253809B2/en
Priority to KR1020167009687A priority patent/KR20170041652A/ko
Priority to EP14844106.6A priority patent/EP3046249B1/en
Publication of WO2015035836A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015035836A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0444Details of devices to control the actuation of the electromagnets
    • F16C32/0451Details of controllers, i.e. the units determining the power to be supplied, e.g. comparing elements, feedback arrangements with P.I.D. control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/048Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of two degrees of freedom, e.g. radial magnetic bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/0487Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of four degrees of freedom
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B6/00Internal feedback arrangements for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral or differential
    • G05B6/02Internal feedback arrangements for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral or differential electric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of control, and in particular to a shaft control method and apparatus for a magnetic levitation system.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION For magnetic levitation systems, the coupling between degrees is generally neglected, and the method of decentralized control is used to realize five-degree-of-freedom control, and each degree of freedom is independently controlled.
  • the shaft of the magnetic levitation system as the object rotating at a high speed, eddy is inevitable, and the whirl includes cylindrical vortex and conical vortex, and the conical vortex is sharp at high speed.
  • the cylindrical vortex is similar to the translational motion.
  • the displacements at the front and rear ends are in phase with the same amplitude.
  • the displacement at the front and rear ends is usually reversed.
  • the displacement signal detected by the sensor is the displacement generated by the synthesis of the two motions.
  • the whirl cannot be controlled.
  • the whirl is severe, it is very likely that the magnetic levitation system will be unstable at high speed rotation. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to effectively control the whirl.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a shaft control method and apparatus for a magnetic levitation system to solve the problem that the magnetic levitation system of the prior art is difficult to suppress bearing whirl at high speed rotation.
  • a shaft control method for a magnetic levitation system includes: acquiring a displacement signal obtained by detecting a displacement of a shaft in a magnetic levitation system; separating a vortex displacement from the displacement signal; and controlling eddy of the shaft according to the vortex displacement. Further, the front bearing sensor is used to detect the displacement of the front end of the shaft from the equilibrium position, and the rear bearing sensor is used to detect the displacement of the rear end of the shaft from the equilibrium position, and the vortex displacement is separated by the following formula: Where x fll and x M are the eddy displacements of the front and rear ends of the shaft, respectively.
  • a arctan ⁇ ⁇
  • a the vortex angle
  • x al and x M are the vortex displacements of the front and rear ends of the shaft, respectively.
  • / b the distance from the center of mass of the shaft to the rear bearing sensor
  • X the displacement of the front end of the shaft detected by the front bearing sensor from the equilibrium position
  • is the displacement of the rear end of the shaft detected by the rear bearing sensor from the equilibrium position.
  • separating the vortex displacement from the displacement signal comprises separating the displacement signal to obtain a translational displacement and a vortex displacement.
  • the method further comprises: controlling the translation of the shaft according to the translational displacement, and
  • the dynamic displacement includes the translational displacement at the front bearing and the translational displacement at the rear bearing.
  • controlling the whirl of the shaft according to the whirl displacement and controlling the translation of the shaft according to the translational displacement include: controlling the translational displacement at the front bearing by using the first PID controller; using the second PID controller to the rear bearing The translational displacement at the position is controlled; and the third PID controller is used to control the vortex angle corresponding to the vortex displacement.
  • An axis control device for a magnetic levitation system includes: an acquisition unit for acquiring a displacement signal obtained by detecting a displacement of a shaft in a magnetic levitation system; a separation unit for separating a vortex displacement from the displacement signal; a control unit for controlling the whirl of the shaft according to the whirl displacement. Further, a vortex displacement of the front end of the shaft is detected by a front bearing sensor, and a vortex displacement of a rear end of the shaft is detected by a rear bearing sensor for separating the vortex displacement by the following formula:
  • x al, x M are swirled displacement front and rear ends of the shaft, /.
  • / b is the distance from the center of mass of the shaft to the rear bearing sensor, X.
  • the displacement of the front end of the shaft that is detected by the front bearing sensor from the equilibrium position is a displacement of the rear end of the shaft that is detected by the rear bearing sensor from the equilibrium position.
  • the separating unit is configured to separate the displacement signal to obtain a translational displacement and the whirl displacement
  • the control unit is further configured to: after obtaining the translational displacement, according to the The translational displacement controls the translation of the shaft, and the translational displacement includes a translational displacement at the front bearing and a translational displacement at the rear bearing.
  • the control unit is configured to: control a translational displacement at the front bearing by using a first PID controller; and perform a translational displacement at the rear bearing by using a second PID controller Controlling; and controlling the eddy angle corresponding to the vortex displacement by using a third PID controller.
  • an axis control method using a magnetic levitation system includes: acquiring a displacement signal obtained by detecting a displacement of a shaft in a magnetic levitation system; separating a vortex displacement from the displacement signal; and controlling a whirl of the shaft according to the whirl displacement, The eddy displacement is separated from the displacement signal, and the eddy rotation is controlled to suppress the eddy of the shaft, which solves the problem that the magnetic levitation system is difficult to suppress the eddy of the shaft during high-speed rotation, thereby achieving the suppression of the shaft vortex during the high-speed rotation of the magnetic levitation system. Dynamic effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic levitation radial bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a shaft control device of a magnetic levitation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a shaft control device of a magnetic levitation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic levitation radial bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a shaft control device of a magnetic levitation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a shaft control device of a magnetic levitation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic levitation radial bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a shaft control device of a magnetic levitation system according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a translational and vortex separation control of a shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a shaft control method of a magnetic levitation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a shaft control method of a magnetic levitation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a magnetic levitation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the magnetic levitation system includes shafts, protective bearings, bearing coils and sensors.
  • the protective bearing is used to determine the relative position of the shaft to other parts and to support and guide. When the bearing coil around the bearing is energized, an electromagnetic force is generated, so that the shaft can be suspended in the magnetic levitation system to perform high-speed rotational motion.
  • Xl , yi 2 and 2 are sensors, in this embodiment a displacement sensor for measuring the displacement signal of the shaft.
  • 2 is a schematic view of a shaft control device of a magnetic levitation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG.
  • the shaft control device of the magnetic levitation system includes an acquisition unit 10, a separation unit 20, and a control unit 30.
  • the acquiring unit 10 is configured to acquire a displacement signal obtained by detecting a displacement of the shaft in the magnetic levitation system. Since the displacement of the shaft includes a translational displacement and a vortex displacement, the detected displacement signal includes a translational displacement and a vortex displacement.
  • the displacement signal can be detected by a displacement sensor.
  • the separating unit 20 is configured to separate the vortex displacement from the displacement signal. Since the displacement signal detected by the displacement sensor includes the translational displacement and the whirl displacement, the separation unit 20 separates the vortex displacement from the displacement signal, thereby facilitating translation. The displacement is separated from the eddy displacement and controlled separately.
  • the process of separating the vortex displacement from the displacement signal can use the separation algorithm to separate the eddy displacement.
  • the control unit 30 is configured to control the whirl of the shaft according to the whirl displacement. Since the vortex displacement of the shaft is larger, the vortex is more severe, and the control unit 30 adjusts and reduces the vortex displacement separated by the separation unit 20 to achieve control. The purpose of the vortex of the shaft.
  • the axis control device of the magnetic levitation system is used to separate the vortex displacement from the displacement signal, and the control unit 30 controls to reduce the whirl displacement, thereby suppressing the eddy of the shaft, thereby solving the magnetic levitation system.
  • the front bearing sensor is used to detect the displacement of the front end of the shaft from the equilibrium position
  • the rear bearing sensor is used to detect the displacement of the rear end of the shaft from the equilibrium position.
  • the separating unit 20 is used to separate the eddy displacement by the following formula: Where x fll and : ⁇ are the eddy displacements of the bearing at the front and rear ends, respectively. For the distance from the center of mass of the shaft to the front bearing sensor, / b is the distance from the center of mass of the shaft to the rear bearing sensor.
  • the displacement of the front end of the bearing detected by the front bearing sensor from the equilibrium position is the displacement of the rear end of the bearing detected by the rear bearing sensor from the equilibrium position.
  • x a and J b are available through the front bearing sensor and the rear bearing sensor.
  • the front bearing sensor and the rear bearing sensor displacement respectively detect the actual detected displacement values of the front and rear ends of the shaft, and the displacement reference value minus the actual detected displacement values of the front and rear ends of the shaft can obtain the displacement of the front and rear ends of the shaft from the equilibrium position.
  • the displacement reference value is the distance between the front and rear bearing sensors and the equilibrium position.
  • 3 is a schematic view of a position at a certain moment in the rotation of a shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig.
  • the front bearing sensor is Sensor Xa
  • the rear bearing sensor is Sensor Xb
  • the xz plane is parallel to the paper surface
  • the y direction is perpendicular to the paper surface
  • the center of mass 0 of the shaft is taken as the origin o, /.
  • the horizontal distance from the center of mass of the shaft to the front bearing sensor, / b is the horizontal distance from the center of mass of the shaft to the rear bearing sensor
  • 1 is the eddy displacement of the shaft at the front and rear bearings, respectively.
  • X. 2 and 2 are the translational displacement of the shaft at the front and rear bearings, respectively, and a is the vortex angle.
  • the axis of the magnetic levitation system is replaced by an axis, as indicated by the broken line 2 in the figure, wherein the equilibrium position is indicated by a solid line 2, and the broken line 1 indicates the position at the horizontal axis. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the shaft has translational motion and whirl motion during the working process, and its displacement satisfies the relationship (1):
  • DSP digital signal processor referred to as DSP
  • the above algorithm may be executed by the separation unit 20, and the separation unit 20 separates the whirl displacement from the displacement signal detected by the sensor, and the control unit 30 uses the vortex displacement as the control parameter of the axis in the magnetic levitation system, by reducing Front bearing
  • Fig. 4 is a shaft of the magnetic levitation system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the control device.
  • the shaft control device of the magnetic levitation system of this embodiment can be used as a preferred embodiment of the axis control device of the magnetic levitation system shown in Fig. 2.
  • the axis control device of the magnetic levitation system includes an acquisition unit. 10.
  • the calculation module 301 is configured to calculate a vortex angle of the shaft according to the vortex displacement, and the vortex displacement of the shaft is larger, and the corresponding The vortex angle is also larger, and the calculation module 301 calculates the vortex angle corresponding to the vortex displacement, and uses the vortex angle as a control parameter to facilitate the control of the eddy of the shaft.
  • the control module 302 is used to control the vortex angle of the shaft. Within a predetermined range. The predetermined range is maintained within a small range around 0.
  • the control shaft is Before the vortex angle, the vortex angle of the shaft is enlarged. Since the calculated value of the eddy angle of the shaft is small, it is necessary to enlarge the vortex angle before controlling the vortex angle of the shaft, and the magnification may be based on the actual situation.
  • the setting is made.
  • the vortex angle ring is used to control the vortex angle.
  • the control parameters of the vortex angle ring will be large, and the vortex angle will be amplified to enable the vortex angle.
  • the control parameters of the degree ring are not too large, so as to facilitate the debugging of the control parameters of the vortex angle ring, so as to achieve precise control of the vortex angle, thereby achieving the effect of suppressing the whirl of the shaft, and avoiding the occurrence of high frequency vortex in the magnetic levitation system.
  • c for the cloud force angle
  • x fll , ⁇ ⁇ are the vortex displacements at the front and rear ends of the shaft
  • / is the distance from the center of mass of the shaft to the front bearing sensor
  • is the distance from the center of mass of the shaft to the rear bearing sensor
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the displacement of the front end of the shaft detected by the front bearing sensor from the equilibrium position
  • the displacement of the rear end of the shaft detected by the rear bearing sensor deviates from the equilibrium position.
  • the separating unit 20 is configured to separate the displacement signal to obtain a translational displacement and a whirl displacement
  • the control unit 30 is further configured to control the translation of the shaft according to the translational displacement after the translational displacement is obtained
  • the translational displacement Includes translational displacement at the front bearing and translational displacement at the rear bearing.
  • the displacement signal detected by the sensor includes an eddy displacement and a dynamic displacement, wherein the displacement signal detected by the front bearing sensor includes a vortex displacement at the front bearing and a translational displacement at the front bearing, and the displacement signal detected by the rear bearing sensor includes The vortex displacement at the rear bearing and the translational displacement at the rear bearing.
  • the separating unit 20 separates the displacement signals to obtain translational displacement and whirl displacement
  • the control unit 30 is further configured to control the translational displacement obtained by separating the displacement signals, and the translational motion of the shaft after separating the translational displacement and the whirl displacement.
  • the eddy motion is separately controlled, which not only suppresses the whirl displacement of the shaft of the magnetic levitation system but also suppresses the translational displacement of the shaft of the magnetic levitation system, thereby further improving the stability of the magnetic levitation system.
  • control unit 30 is configured to control the translational displacement at the front bearing by using a first PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation, PID) controller, and use the second PID controller to move the rear bearing The displacement is controlled, and the third PID controller is used to control the eddy angle corresponding to the vortex displacement.
  • PID Proportion Integration Differentiation
  • the three PID controllers are used to control the translational displacement at the front bearing, the translational displacement at the rear bearing and the vortex angle, which can reduce the interference between the controllers and realize the whirl and the movement of the shaft. Separation control.
  • first”, “second” and “third” in the present embodiment are not intended to describe the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the translational and vortex separation control of the shaft in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • PID1 is the first PID controller
  • PID2 is the second PID controller
  • PID3 is the third PID controller.
  • the displacement sensor 1 is the front bearing portion in the embodiment of the invention
  • the sensor, the displacement sensor 2 is a sensor at the rear bearing according to the embodiment of the present invention, and after displacement separation, the translational displacement at the front bearing, the translational displacement at the rear bearing, and the whirl displacement are obtained, and then according to the vortex displacement Calculate the eddy angle.
  • the translational displacement at the front bearing, the translational displacement at the rear bearing, and the vortex angle are used as feedback parameters, and are respectively sent to the feedback inputs of the first PID controller, the second PID controller, and the third PID controller,
  • the output of one PID is added to the output of the third PID as the current control amount iRefx l. of the front bearing X direction and the bias current I of the front bearing X direction.
  • the transfer function of PI is + ; Where K P is a P parameter and is a 1 ⁇ parameter.
  • the output of the second PID is subtracted from the output of the third PID as the current control amount I Refx of the rear bearing X direction; ⁇ , the bias current I Q s of the rear bearing X direction is added and subtracted by the control current I Refx , respectively
  • the current reference value I Refx +I of the coil in the X direction of the rear bearing ⁇ , the current reference value I Refx ⁇ -Io of the lower coil
  • the current value of the upper and lower coils detected by the current sensor is taken as the current feedback value I fdbl and after I fdb2 (I fdbl is the current feedback value of the coil on the front bearing, I fdb2 is the current feedback value of the coil under the front bearing).
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a shaft control method for a magnetic levitation system.
  • the axis control method of the magnetic levitation system can be run on a computer processing device. It should be noted that the magnetic body of the embodiment of the present invention
  • the shaft control method of the suspension system can be performed by the shaft control device of the magnetic levitation system provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing a method of controlling the axis of a magnetic levitation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the axis control method of the magnetic levitation system includes the following steps: Step S101: Acquire a displacement signal obtained by detecting a displacement of an axis in the magnetic levitation system. Since the displacement of the shaft includes translational displacement and vortex displacement, the detected displacement signals include translational displacement and whirl displacement. The displacement signal can be detected by a displacement sensor. Step S102, separating the vortex displacement from the displacement signal.
  • the separation unit 20 separates the vortex displacement from the displacement signal, and is convenient to separate the translational displacement from the eddy displacement, respectively, wherein the displacement signal is
  • the process of separating the vortex displacement can be separated by vortex displacement using a separation algorithm.
  • the whirl of the shaft is controlled according to the whirl displacement. Since the eddy displacement of the shaft is larger, the turbulence is more severe, and the control unit 30 adjusts and reduces the vortex displacement separated by the separation unit 20 to achieve the purpose of controlling the whirl of the shaft.
  • the axis control device of the magnetic levitation system is used to separate the vortex displacement from the displacement signal, and the control unit 30 controls to reduce the whirl displacement, thereby suppressing the eddy of the shaft, thereby solving the magnetic levitation system. It is difficult to suppress the problem of the vortex of the shaft at the time of high-speed rotation, and the effect of suppressing the vortex of the magnetic levitation system at the time of high-speed rotation is achieved.
  • the front bearing sensor is used to detect the vortex displacement of the front end of the shaft
  • the rear bearing sensor is used to detect the vortex displacement of the rear end of the shaft
  • the vortex displacement is separated by the following formula:
  • _x al and _x M are the eddy displacements of the front and rear ends of the shaft, respectively.
  • / b is the distance from the center of mass of the shaft to the rear bearing sensor, ⁇ .
  • the displacement of the front end of the shaft detected by the front bearing sensor from the equilibrium position is the displacement of the rear end of the shaft detected by the rear bearing sensor from the equilibrium position.
  • X. And x b are available through the front bearing sensor and the rear bearing sensor.
  • the front bearing sensor and the rear bearing sensor displacement respectively detect the actual detected displacement values of the front and rear ends of the shaft, and the displacement reference value minus the actual detected displacement values of the front and rear ends of the shaft can obtain the displacement of the front and rear ends of the shaft from the equilibrium position.
  • the displacement reference value is the distance between the front and rear bearing sensors and the equilibrium position.
  • the relationship (2) of the vortex displacement at the front and rear bearings can be obtained:
  • the vortex displacement at the front and rear bearings is obtained, and the calculation process is simple, and is easily realized in a processor such as a DSP processor.
  • the above algorithm may be executed by the separation unit 20, the separation unit 20 separates the whirl displacement from the displacement signal detected by the sensor, and the control unit 30 uses the vortex displacement as the control parameter of the axis in the magnetic levitation system, by reducing The displacement at the front bearing and the displacement 1 at the rear bearing achieve the purpose of suppressing the whirl of the shaft, effectively achieving the effect of suppressing the eddy of the shaft, and improving the stability of the magnetic levitation system.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a method of controlling the axis of a magnetic levitation system in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment can be taken as a preferred embodiment of the axis control method of the magnetic levitation system of the embodiment shown in Fig. 6.
  • the axis control method of the magnetic levitation system includes the following steps: Step S201: Acquire a displacement signal obtained by detecting a displacement of an axis in a magnetic levitation system. Since the displacement of the shaft includes translational displacement and vortex displacement, the detected displacement signals include translational displacement and whirl displacement. The displacement signal can be detected by a displacement sensor. Step S202, separating the eddy displacement from the displacement signal.
  • the separation unit 20 separates the vortex displacement from the displacement signal, and is convenient to separate the translational displacement from the eddy displacement, respectively, wherein the displacement signal is
  • the process of separating the vortex displacement can be separated by vortex displacement using a separation algorithm.
  • Step S203 calculating a vortex angle of the shaft according to the whirl displacement. The larger the vortex displacement of the shaft is, the larger the corresponding vortex angle is.
  • the calculation module 301 calculates the vortex angle corresponding to the vortex displacement, and uses the vortex angle as a control parameter to facilitate the control of the whirl of the shaft.
  • the vortex angle of the control shaft is within a predetermined range.
  • the predetermined range is kept in a small range around 0. Since the vortex displacement of the shaft is larger, the vortex of the shaft is more intense, and the corresponding vortex angle is larger, so that the vortex angle is effectively controlled to 0. In the vicinity, the vortex angle is as close as possible to zero, so that the eddy of the shaft can be effectively suppressed. Further preferably, the vortex angle of the shaft is enlarged before the vortex angle of the shaft is controlled. Since the calculated value of the vortex angle of the shaft is small, it is necessary to enlarge the vortex angle before controlling the vortex angle of the shaft, and the magnification thereof can be set according to the actual situation.
  • the vortex angle ring is used to control the vortex angle.
  • the control parameters of the vortex angle ring will be large, and the vortex angle will be amplified, so that the control parameters of the vortex angle ring will not be too Large, in order to debug the control parameters of the vortex angle ring, in order to achieve precise control of the vortex angle, thereby achieving the effect of suppressing the whirl of the shaft, avoiding the occurrence of high frequency eddy of the magnetic levitation system and instability. occur.
  • a arctan -
  • a arctan - ⁇
  • separating the vortex displacement from the displacement signal comprises separating the displacement signal to obtain a translational displacement and a vortex displacement.
  • the method further comprises: controlling the translation of the bearing according to the translational displacement,
  • the dynamic displacement includes the translational displacement at the front bearing and the translational displacement at the rear bearing.
  • the displacement signal detected by the sensor includes an eddy displacement and a dynamic displacement, wherein the displacement signal detected by the front bearing sensor includes a vortex at the front bearing Before the dynamic displacement and the translational displacement at the front bearing, the displacement signal detected by the rear bearing sensor includes the vortex displacement at the rear bearing and the translational displacement at the rear bearing.
  • the separating unit 20 separates the displacement signals to obtain translational displacement and whirl displacement, and the control unit 30 is further configured to control the translational displacement obtained by separating the displacement signals, and the translational motion of the shaft after separating the translational displacement and the whirl displacement.
  • controlling the whirl of the bearing according to the whirl displacement and controlling the translation of the bearing according to the translational displacement comprises: controlling the translational displacement at the front bearing by using the first PID controller; using the second PID controller The translational displacement at the bearing is controlled; and the third PID controller is used to control the vortex angle corresponding to the vortex displacement.
  • the three PID controllers are used to control the translational displacement at the front bearing, the translational displacement at the rear bearing and the vortex angle, which can reduce the interference between the controllers and realize the whirl and the movement of the shaft. Separation control.
  • the “first”, “second” and “third” in the present embodiment are not intended to describe the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the above modules or steps of the present invention can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device, which can be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed over a network composed of multiple computing devices.
  • the invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
  • the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

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Abstract

一种磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法和装置,其中,磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法包括:获取对磁悬浮系统中轴的位移进行检测得到的位移信号(S101);从位移信号中分离出涡动位移(S102);以及根据涡动位移控制轴的涡动(S103)。通过本发明,达到了磁悬浮系统在高速旋转时抑制轴涡动的效果。

Description

磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法和装置 技术领域 本发明涉及控制领域, 具体而言, 涉及一种磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法和装置。 背景技术 对于磁悬浮系统一般忽略各自由度间的耦合, 而采用分散控制的方法来实现五自 由度控制, 各个自由度独立控制。 但是, 对于磁悬浮系统的轴作为高速旋转的物体, 不可避免会存在涡动, 涡动包含有圆柱涡动及圆锥涡动, 高速时圆锥涡动较剧烈。 圆 柱涡动类似平动,磁悬浮系统的细长轴在圆柱涡动时,前后两端的位移是同幅同相的, 在圆锥涡动时, 前后两端的位移通常是反向的。 实际工作中, 传感器检测到的位移信 号是这两种运动合成产生的位移。 在各自由度独立控制的情况下, 无法对涡动进行控 制, 当涡动严重时极有可能会造成磁悬浮系统在高速旋转时失稳, 因此对涡动进行有 效的控制是极其有必要的。 目前通常采用以下方法抑制涡动: 在分散控制的基础上添加一些解耦控制算法, 如交叉反馈控制等或者采用集中控制方法。 这些方法的缺点是算法复杂, 运算量大, 在 DSP中实现较难。 针对现有技术中磁悬浮系统在高速旋转时难以抑制轴涡动的问题, 目前尚未提出 有效的解决方案。 发明内容 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法和装置, 以解决现有技 术中磁悬浮系统在高速旋转时难以抑制轴承涡动的问题。 为了实现上述目的, 根据本发明的一个方面, 提供了一种磁悬浮系统的轴控制方 法。 根据本发明的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法包括: 获取对磁悬浮系统中轴的位移进行 检测得到的位移信号; 从位移信号中分离出涡动位移; 以及根据涡动位移控制轴的涡 动。 进一步地, 采用前轴承传感器检测轴的前端偏离平衡位置的位移, 采用后轴承传 感器检测轴的后端偏离平衡位置的位移, 采用以下公式分离出涡动位移:
Figure imgf000003_0001
其中, xfll、 xM分别为轴的前后两端的涡动位移, /。为轴的质心到前轴承传感器 的距离, /b为轴的质心到后轴承传感器的距离, X。为前轴承传感器检测到的轴的前端 偏离平衡位置的位移, 为后轴承传感器检测到的轴的后端偏离平衡位置的位移。 进一步地, 根据涡动位移控制轴的涡动包括: 根据涡动位移计算轴的涡动角度; 以及控制轴的涡动角度在预定范围内。 进一步地, 根据涡动位移计算轴的涡动角度包括采用以下任意一种方式计算涡动 角度: 方式一: a = arctan― 方式二: a = arctan―
/。 方式三: a = arctan― ~~― 其中, a为涡动角度, xal、 xM分别为轴的前后两端的涡动位移, /。为轴的质心 到前轴承传感器的距离, /b为轴的质心到后轴承传感器的距离, X。为前轴承传感器检 测到的轴的前端偏离平衡位置的位移, ^为后轴承传感器检测到的轴的后端偏离平衡 位置的位移。 进一步地, 从位移信号中分离出涡动位移包括对位移信号进行分离, 得到平动位 移和涡动位移, 在得到平动位移之后, 方法还包括: 根据平动位移控制轴的平动, 平 动位移包括前轴承处的平动位移和后轴承处的平动位移。 进一步地, 根据涡动位移控制轴的涡动以及根据平动位移控制轴的平动包括: 采 用第一 PID控制器对前轴承处的平动位移进行控制; 采用第二 PID控制器对后轴承处 的平动位移进行控制;以及采用第三 PID控制器对涡动位移对应的涡动角度进行控制。 为了实现上述目的, 根据本发明的另一方面, 提供了一种磁悬浮系统的轴控制装 置。 根据本发明的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置包括: 获取单元, 用于获取对磁悬浮系统 中轴的位移进行检测得到的位移信号; 分离单元, 用于从所述位移信号中分离出涡动 位移; 以及控制单元, 用于根据所述涡动位移控制所述轴的涡动。 进一步地, 采用前轴承传感器检测所述轴的前端的涡动位移, 采用后轴承传感器 检测所述轴的后端的涡动位移,所述分离单元用于采用以下公式分离出所述涡动位移:
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中, xal、 xM分别为所述轴的前后两端的涡动位移, /。为所述轴的质心到所述 前轴承传感器的距离, /b为所述轴的质心到所述后轴承传感器的距离, X。为所述前轴 承传感器检测到的所述轴的前端偏离平衡位置的位移, 为所述后轴承传感器检测到 的所述轴的后端偏离平衡位置的位移。 进一步地, 所述控制单元包括: 计算模块, 用于根据所述涡动位移计算所述轴的 涡动角度; 以及控制模块, 用于控制所述轴的涡动角度在预定范围内。 进一步地, 所述计算模块用于采用以下任意一种方式计算所述涡动角度: 方式一: a = arctan― 方式二: a = arctan―
la 方式三 = arctan― 其中, a为涡动角度, xal、 xM分别为所述轴的前后两端的涡动位移, /。为所述 轴的质心到前轴承传感器的距离, /b为所述轴的质心到后轴承传感器的距离, X。为所 述前轴承传感器检测到的所述轴的前端偏离平衡位置的位移, 为所述后轴承传感器 检测到的所述轴的后端偏离平衡位置的位移。 进一步地, 其特征在于, 所述分离单元用于对所述位移信号进行分离, 得到平动 位移和所述涡动位移, 所述控制单元还用于在得到所述平动位移之后, 根据所述平动 位移控制所述轴的平动, 所述平动位移包括前轴承处的平动位移和后轴承处的平动位 移。 进一步地, 其特征在于, 所述控制单元用于: 采用第一 PID控制器对所述前轴承 处的平动位移进行控制; 采用第二 PID控制器对所述后轴承处的平动位移进行控制; 以及采用第三 PID控制器对所述涡动位移对应的涡动角度进行控制。 通过本发明, 采用磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法包括: 获取对磁悬浮系统中轴的位移 进行检测得到的位移信号; 从位移信号中分离出涡动位移; 以及根据涡动位移控制轴 的涡动, 将涡动位移从位移信号中分离出来, 通过控制涡动位移来抑制轴的涡动, 解 决了磁悬浮系统在高速旋转时难以抑制轴涡动的问题, 进而达到了磁悬浮系统在高速 旋转时抑制轴涡动的效果。 附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示意性实 施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中: 图 1是根据本发明实施例的磁悬浮径向轴承的结构示意图; 图 2是根据本发明第一实施例的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置的示意图; 图 3是根据本发明实施例的轴旋转中某一时刻的位置示意图; 图 4是根据本发明第二实施例的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置的示意图; 图 5是根据本发明实施例的轴的平动与涡动分离控制框图; 图 6是根据本发明第一实施例的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法的流程图; 以及 图 7是根据本发明第二实施例的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法的流程图。 具体实施方式 需要说明的是, 在不冲突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相 互组合。 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 图 1是根据本发明实施例的磁悬浮系统的截面示意图。 如图 1所述, 磁悬浮系统 中包括轴, 保护轴承, 轴承线圈和传感器。 保护轴承用于确定轴与其他零件的相对位 置, 起到支撑和导向的作用。 当轴承四周的轴承线圈通电, 产生电磁力, 使得轴能够 悬浮在磁悬浮系统中进行工作, 做高速旋转运动。 Xl、 yi 22均为传感器, 在本 实施例中为位移传感器, 用于测量轴的位移信号。 图 2是根据本发明第一实施例的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置的示意图。如图 2所示, 该磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置包括获取单元 10、 分离单元 20和控制单元 30。 获取单元 10用于获取对磁悬浮系统中轴的位移进行检测得到的位移信号, 由于轴的位移包括平 动位移和涡动位移, 因此检测到的位移信号包括平动位移和涡动位移。 该位移信号可 以通过位移传感器进行检测。分离单元 20用于从位移信号中分离出涡动位移, 由于位 移传感器检测到的位移信号包括平动位移和涡动位移,分离单元 20将涡动位移从位移 信号中分离出来, 便于将平动位移与涡动位移分离后分别进行控制, 其中从位移信号 中分离出涡动位移的过程可以采用分离算法进行涡动位移的分离。控制单元 30用于根 据涡动位移控制轴的涡动, 由于轴的涡动位移越大, 其涡动越剧烈, 控制单元 30调节 并减小分离单元 20分离出的涡动位移的以达到控制轴的涡动的目的。 通过本发明实施例, 采用磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置, 将涡动位移从位移信号中分 离出来, 通过控制单元 30进行控制, 减小涡动位移, 进而抑制轴的涡动, 解决了磁悬 浮系统在高速旋转时难以抑制轴涡动的问题, 进而达到了磁悬浮系统在高速旋转时抑 制轴涡动效果。 本发明实施例中, 采用前轴承传感器检测轴前端偏离平衡位置的位移, 采用后轴 承传感器检测轴后端偏离平衡位置的位移,分离单元 20用于采用以下公式分离出涡动 位移:
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中, xfll、 :^分别为轴承在前后两端的涡动位移, /。为轴的质心到前轴承传感 器的距离, /b为轴的质心到后轴承传感器的距离, 。为前轴承传感器检测到的轴承前 端偏离平衡位置的位移, 为后轴承传感器检测到的轴承后端偏离平衡位置的位移。 xa和 Jb可以通过前轴承传感器和后轴承传感器获得。前轴承传感器和后轴承传感器位 移分别检测到轴的前后两端的实际检测的位移值, 位移参考值减去轴的前后两端的实 际检测的位移值就可以得到轴的前后两端的偏离平衡位置的位移, 其中位移参考值为 前后轴承传感器与平衡位置之间的距离。 图 3是根据本发明实施例的轴旋转中某一时刻的位置示意图。 如图 3所示, 其中 前轴承传感器为 Sensor Xa, 后轴承传感器为 Sensor Xb, xz平面为平行于纸面, y方 向垂直于纸面,轴的质心 0作为原点 o, /。为轴的质心到前轴承传感器的水平距离, /b 为轴的质心到后轴承传感器的水平距离, 和 1分别为轴在前后轴承处的涡动位移,
X。2和 2分别为轴在前后轴承处的平动位移, a为涡动角度。 为了简化图形以及便于 描述, 将磁悬浮系统的轴用轴线代替, 如图中虚线 2所示, 其中平衡位置用实线 2表 示, 虚线 1表示轴线水平时的位置。 从图 3可以看出轴在工作过程中有平动运动和涡动运动, 且在其位移满足关系式 ( 1 ):
X
( 1 ) X b2 X bl
Xa2 ~ Xb2 由关系式 (1 ) 中第一式减去第二式得到: — 6 = al + M 根据图 3中还可以得到:
Figure imgf000008_0001
al bl I + 1
X bl
al bl I + 1 因此可以得到前后轴承处的涡动位移的关系式:
Figure imgf000008_0002
(2):
Xbl = (Xa ~ Xb )
I + /' 根据上述算法得到前后轴承处的涡动位移, 推算过程简单, 在数字信号处理器
(digital signal processor简称 DSP) 等处理设备中很容易实现。 本实施例中上述算法 可以通过分离单元 20来执行, 分离单元 20从传感器检测到的位移信号中分离出涡动 位移,控制单元 30将涡动位移作为磁悬浮系统中轴的控制参数,通过减小前轴承处的
X
位移 和后轴承处的位移 Λ "来实现抑制轴的涡动的目的, 达到有效抑制轴涡动的效 果, 提高磁悬浮系统的稳定性。 图 4是根据本发明第二实施例的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置的示意图。 该实施例的 磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置可以作为图 2所示的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置一种优选实施 方式。 如图 4 所示, 该磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置包括获取单元 10、 分离单元 20和控 制单元 30, 其中控制单元 30包括计算模块 301和控制模块 302。 计算模块 301用于根据涡动位移计算轴的涡动角度, 轴的涡动位移越大, 其对应 的涡动角度也就越大, 计算模块 301计算出涡动位移对应的涡动角度, 将涡动角度作 为控制参数, 便于对轴的涡动进行控制。 控制模块 302用于控制轴的涡动角度在预定 范围内。 该预定范围保持在 0附近的一个小范围内, 由于轴的涡动位移越大, 轴的涡 动越剧烈, 其对应的涡动角度也就越大, 因此有效地将涡动角度控制在 0附近, 使涡 动角度尽量趋近于 0, 从而能够有效抑制轴的涡动。 进一步优选地, 在控制轴的涡动角度之前, 将轴的涡动角度进行放大。 由于计算 得到的轴的涡动角度的值很小, 在控制轴的涡动角度之前, 需要放大涡动角度, 其放 大倍数可以根据实际情况进行设定。 涡动角度环用于控制涡动角度, 如果涡动角度不 进行放大, 涡动角度环的控制参数将会很大, 将涡动角度进行放大, 能够使得涡动角 度环的控制参数不至于太大, 以便于涡动角度环的控制参数的调试, 以达到对涡动角 度的精确控制, 进而达到抑制轴的涡动的效果, 避免出现磁悬浮系统出现高频涡动而 导致失稳的情况的发生。 优选地, 计算模块 301 用于采用以下任意一种方式计算涡动角度: 方式一: a = arctan―; 方式二: a = arctan―; 方式三: a = arctan― ~~―。 其中, c (为祸云力 角度, xfll、 χΜ分别为轴前后两端的涡动位移, /。为轴的质心到前轴承传感器的距离, Κ为轴的质心到后轴承传感器的距离, χα为前轴承传感器检测到的轴前端偏离平衡位 置的位移, 为后轴承传感器检测到的轴后端偏离平衡位置的位移。 根据图 3并结合 上述的关系式 (2) 我们可以得到 ^η = ^ = ^Ι = ϋ, 由于 的值很小, 其对应 h +h 的正弦值约等于 值, 即 ^ = ^Ι = ^^, 因此本实施例中直接将 、 ^和 k la la + k
^^计算得到的值作为涡动角度 的值, 以简化涡动角度的计算, 进而实现对涡动 h +
角度的控制以抑制轴的涡动。 优选地, 分离单元 20用于对位移信号进行分离, 得到平动位移和涡动位移, 控制 单元 30还用于在得到平动位移之后,根据平动位移控制轴的平动,该平动位移包括前 轴承处的平动位移和后轴承处的平动位移。 由于传感器检测到的位移信号包括涡动位 移和平动位移, 其中, 前轴承传感器检测的位移信号包括前轴承处的涡动位移和前轴 承处的平动位移前, 后轴承传感器检测的位移信号包括后轴承处的涡动位移和后轴承 处的平动位移。 分离单元 20分离位移信号得到平动位移和涡动位移, 控制单元 30还 用于对分离位移信号得到的平动位移进行控制, 对分离平动位移和涡动位移之后对轴 的平动运动和涡动运动分别进行控制, 既抑制了磁悬浮系统轴的涡动位移也抑制了磁 悬浮系统轴的平动位移, 进一步地提高磁悬浮系统的稳定性。 优选地, 控制单元 30用于采用第一 PID (比例积分微分, Proportion Integration Differentiation, 简称 PID )控制器对前轴承处的平动位移进行控制, 采用第二 PID控 制器对后轴承处的平动位移进行控制, 以及采用第三 PID控制器对涡动位移对应的涡 动角度进行控制。 采用三个 PID控制器分别对前轴承处的平动位移、 后轴承处的平动 位移和涡动角度进行控制, 可以减小控制器之间的干扰, 并实现对轴的涡动和平动的 分离控制。 需要说明的是, 本实施例中的 "第一"、 "第二 "和"第三"并不代表先后关系, 只是 为了方便对本发明实施例进行描述, 并不对本发明有不当限定。 图 5是根据本发明实施例的轴的平动与涡动分离控制框图。 如图 5所示, PID1为第一 PID控制器, PID2为第二 PID控制器, PID3为第三 PID控制器。 当线圈通电, 使得磁悬浮系统中轴悬浮, 线圈和轴承做相应的工作, 通 过位移传感器 1和位移传感器 2采集到轴的前后位移信号 (位移传感器 1为本发明实 施例中所说的前轴承处传感器, 位移传感器 2为本发明实施例中所说的后轴承处传感 器), 经过位移分离后得到前轴承处的平动位移、 后轴承处的平动位移以及涡动位移, 再根据涡动位移计算涡动角度。 将前轴承处的平动位移、 后轴承处的平动位移和涡动 角度作为反馈参数, 分别送到第一 PID控制器、第二 PID控制器和第三 PID控制器的 反馈输入端, 第一 PID的输出与第三 PID的输出相加作为前轴承 X方向的电流控制量 iRefx l. , 前轴承 X方向的偏置电流 I。 ΙΪ分别加上和减去该控制电流 lRefX Ιϊ, 作为前轴承 X 方向上线圈的电流参考值 IREFX ΙΪ+ΙΟ ΙΪ、 下线圈的电流参考值 IREFX ΙΪ-ΙΟ ΙΪ, 电流传感器检 测的上下线圈的电流值作为电流反馈值 Ifdbl ii和 Ifdb2 i» (Ifdb^为前轴承上线圈的电流反 馈值、 Ifdb2 li 为前轴承下线圈的电流反馈值)进行电流环 PI控制后进行开关管的调制,
PI的传递函数为 + ; 。其中 KP为 P参数, 为1^参数。第二 PID的输出与第三 PID的输出相减作为后轴承 X方向的电流控制量 IRefx;§, 后轴承 X方向的偏置电流 IQ s 分别加上和减去该控制电流 IRefx ,作为后轴承 X方向上线圈的电流参考值 IRefx +I(^、 下线圈的电流参考值 IRefx ^-Io , 电流传感器检测的上下线圈的电流值作为电流反馈值 Ifdbl后和 Ifdb2后 ( Ifdbl后为前轴承上线圈的电流反馈值、 Ifdb2后 为前轴承下线圈的电流反 馈值)进行电流环 PI控制后进行开关管的调制, PI的传递函数为 + ;^。 其中 κΡ 为 Ρ参数, 为1^参数。。 整个控制过程实现对前轴承处的平动位移、 后轴承处的平 动位移和涡动角度分别进行控制, 通过增加涡动角度的控制, 达到抑制涡动的目的。 本发明实施例还提供了一种磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法。 该磁悬浮系统的轴控制方 法可以运行在计算机处理设备上。 需要说明的是, 本发明实施例的磁悬浮系统的轴控 制方法可以通过本发明实施例所提供的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置来执行, 本发明实施 例的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置也可以用于执行本发明实施例所提供的磁悬浮系统的轴 控制方法。 图 6是根据本发明第一实施例的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法的流程图。 如图 6所示, 该磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法包括歩骤如下: 步骤 S101, 获取对磁悬浮系统中轴的位移进行检测得到的位移信号。 由于轴的位 移包括平动位移和涡动位移, 因此检测到的位移信号包括平动位移和涡动位移。 该位 移信号可以通过位移传感器进行检测。 步骤 S102, 从位移信号中分离出涡动位移。 由于位移传感器检测到的位移信号包 括平动位移和涡动位移, 分离单元 20将涡动位移从位移信号中分离出来,便于将平动 位移与涡动位移分离后分别进行控制, 其中从位移信号中分离出涡动位移的过程可以 采用分离算法进行涡动位移的分离。 步骤 S103,根据涡动位移控制轴的涡动。由于轴的涡动位移越大,其涡动越剧烈, 控制单元 30调节并减小分离单元 20分离出的涡动位移的以达到控制轴的涡动的目的。 通过本发明实施例, 采用磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置, 将涡动位移从位移信号中分 离出来, 通过控制单元 30进行控制, 减小涡动位移, 进而抑制轴的涡动, 解决了磁悬 浮系统在高速旋转时难以抑制轴涡动的问题, 进而达到了磁悬浮系统在高速旋转时抑 制轴涡动效果。 优选地, 本实施例中, 采用前轴承传感器检测轴前端的涡动位移, 采用后轴承传 感器检测轴后端的涡动位移, 采用以下公式分离出涡动位移:
Figure imgf000011_0001
其中, _xal、 _xM分别为轴的前后两端的涡动位移, /。为轴承的质心到前轴承传感 器的距离, /b为轴的质心到后轴承传感器的距离, ·Χ。为前轴承传感器检测到的轴的前 端偏离平衡位置的位移, 为后轴承传感器检测到的轴的后端偏离平衡位置的位移。 X。和 xb可以通过前轴承传感器和后轴承传感器获得。前轴承传感器和后轴承传感器位 移分别检测到轴的前后两端的实际检测的位移值, 位移参考值减去轴的前后两端的实 际检测的位移值就可以得到轴的前后两端的偏离平衡位置的位移, 其中位移参考值为 前后轴承传感器与平衡位置之间的距离。 从图 3可以看出轴在工作过程中有平动运动和涡动运动, 且在其位移满足关系式 ( 1 ):
Figure imgf000012_0001
由关系式 (1 ) 中第一式减去第二式得到: _ Α = Λ^ + ,
X α\
α\ b\ I + 1
根据图 3中还可以得到
X bl
+ X bl I + 1
因此可以得到前后轴承处的涡动位移的关系式 (2):
Figure imgf000012_0002
根据上述算法得到前后轴承处的涡动位移, 推算过程简单, 在 DSP处理器等处理 器中很容易实现。 本实施例中上述算法可以通过分离单元 20来执行, 分离单元 20从 传感器检测到的位移信号中分离出涡动位移,控制单元 30将涡动位移作为磁悬浮系统 中轴的控制参数, 通过减小前轴承处的位移 和后轴承处的位移 1来实现抑制轴的 涡动的目的, 性达到有效抑制轴涡动的效果, 提高磁悬浮系统的稳定性。 图 7是根据本发明第二实施例的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法的流程图。 该实施例可 以作为图 6所示的实施例的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法的优选实施方式。 如图 7所示, 该磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法包括歩骤如下: 步骤 S201 , 获取对磁悬浮系统中轴的位移进行检测得到的位移信号。 由于轴的位 移包括平动位移和涡动位移, 因此检测到的位移信号包括平动位移和涡动位移。 该位 移信号可以通过位移传感器进行检测。 步骤 S202, 从位移信号中分离出涡动位移。 由于位移传感器检测到的位移信号包 括平动位移和涡动位移, 分离单元 20将涡动位移从位移信号中分离出来,便于将平动 位移与涡动位移分离后分别进行控制, 其中从位移信号中分离出涡动位移的过程可以 采用分离算法进行涡动位移的分离。 步骤 S203, 根据涡动位移计算轴的涡动角度。 轴的涡动位移越大, 其对应的涡动 角度也就越大, 计算模块 301计算出涡动位移对应的涡动角度, 将涡动角度作为控制 参数, 便于对轴的涡动进行控制。 步骤 S204, 控制轴的涡动角度在预定范围内。 该预定范围保持在 0附近的一个小 范围内, 由于轴的涡动位移越大, 轴的涡动越剧烈, 其对应的涡动角度也就越大, 因 此有效地将涡动角度控制在 0附近, 使涡动角度尽量趋近于 0, 从而能够有效抑制轴 的涡动。 进一步优选地, 在控制轴的涡动角度之前, 将轴的涡动角度进行放大。 由于计算 得到的轴的涡动角度的值很小, 在控制轴的涡动角度之前, 需要放大涡动角度, 其放 大倍数可以根据实际情况进行设定。 涡动角度环用于控制涡动角度, 如果涡动角度不 进行放大, 涡动角度环的控制参数将会很大, 将涡动角度进行放大, 能够使得涡动角 度环的控制参数不至于太大, 以便于涡动角度环的控制参数的调试, 以达到对涡动角 度的精确控制, 进而达到抑制轴的涡动的效果, 避免出现磁悬浮系统出现高频涡动而 导致失稳的情况的发生。 优选地, 根据涡动位移计算轴的涡动角度包括采用以下任意一种方式计算涡动角 度: 方式一: a = arctan―; 方式二: a = arctan―; 方式三: a = arctan― ~― 0 其中, a为涡动角度, _xal1分别为轴前后两端的涡动位移, /。为轴的质心到 前轴承传感器的距离, /b为轴的质心到后轴承传感器的距离, ·!。为前轴承传感器检测 到的轴前端偏离平衡位置的位移, 为后轴承传感器检测到的轴后端偏离平衡位置的 位移。 根据图 3并结合上述的关系式 (2) 我们可以得到 tan 由
+ 于 的值很小, 其对应的正弦值约等于 值, 即 = , 因此本实施
I I + 1 例中可以直接将 、 ^和 ϋ计算得到的值作为涡动角度 的值, 以简化涡动角 度的计算, 进而实现对涡动角度的控制以抑制轴的涡动。 优选地, 从位移信号中分离出涡动位移包括对位移信号进行分离, 得到平动位移 和涡动位移, 在得到平动位移之后, 方法还包括: 根据平动位移控制轴承的平动, 平 动位移包括前轴承处的平动位移和后轴承处的平动位移。 由于传感器检测到的位移信 号包括涡动位移和平动位移, 其中, 前轴承传感器检测的位移信号包括前轴承处的涡 动位移和前轴承处的平动位移前, 后轴承传感器检测的位移信号包括后轴承处的涡动 位移和后轴承处的平动位移。分离单元 20分离位移信号得到平动位移和涡动位移,控 制单元 30还用于对分离位移信号得到的平动位移进行控制,对分离平动位移和涡动位 移之后对轴的平动运动和涡动运动分别进行控制, 既抑制了磁悬浮系统轴的涡动位移 也抑制了磁悬浮系统轴的平动位移, 进一步地提高磁悬浮系统的稳定性。 优选地,采根据涡动位移控制轴承的涡动以及根据平动位移控制轴承的平动包括: 采用第一 PID控制器对前轴承处的平动位移进行控制; 采用第二 PID控制器对后轴承 处的平动位移进行控制; 以及采用第三 PID控制器对涡动位移对应的涡动角度进行控 制。 采用三个 PID控制器分别对前轴承处的平动位移、 后轴承处的平动位移和涡动角 度进行控制, 可以减小控制器之间的干扰, 并实现对轴的涡动和平动的分离控制。 需要说明的是, 本实施例中的 "第一"、 "第二 "和"第三"并不代表先后关系, 只是 为了方便对本发明实施例进行描述, 并不对本发明有不当限定。 显然, 本领域的技术人员应该明白, 上述的本发明的各模块或各步骤可以用通用 的计算装置来实现, 它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上, 或者分布在多个计算装置所 组成的网络上, 可选地, 它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现, 从而, 可以 将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行, 或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模 块, 或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。 这样, 本发明 不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法, 其特征在于, 包括: 获取对磁悬浮系统中轴的位移进行检测得到的位移信号; 从所述位移信号中分离出涡动位移; 以及
根据所述涡动位移控制所述轴的涡动。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法, 其特征在于, 采用前轴承传 感器检测所述轴的前端偏离平衡位置的位移, 采用后轴承传感器检测所述轴的 后端偏离平衡位置的位移, 采用以下公式分离出所述涡动位移:
Figure imgf000015_0001
其中, _xal、 _xM分别为所述轴的前后两端的涡动位移, /。为所述轴的质心 到所述前轴承传感器的距离, /b为所述轴的质心到所述后轴承传感器的距离, xa为所述前轴承传感器检测到的所述轴的前端偏离平衡位置的位移, χ6为所述 后轴承传感器检测到的所述轴的后端偏离平衡位置的位移。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法, 其特征在于, 根据所述涡动 位移控制所述轴的涡动包括: 根据所述涡动位移计算所述轴的涡动角度; 以及
控制所述轴的涡动角度在预定范围内。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法, 其特征在于, 根据所述涡动 位移计算所述轴的涡动角度包括采用以下任意一种方式计算所述涡动角度: 方式一: = arctan― 方式二: a = arctan―
la 方式三 a = arctan― 其中, 《为涡动角度, xal、 xM分别为所述轴的前后两端的涡动位移, /。为 所述轴的质心到前轴承传感器的距离, /b为所述轴的质心到后轴承传感器的距 离, ·!。为所述前轴承传感器检测到的所述轴的前端偏离平衡位置的位移, Xb为 所述后轴承传感器检测到的所述轴的后端偏离平衡位置的位移。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法, 其特征在于, 从所述位移信 号中分离出涡动位移包括对所述位移信号进行分离, 得到平动位移和所述涡动 位移, 在得到所述平动位移之后, 所述方法还包括: 根据所述平动位移控制所 述轴的平动, 所述平动位移包括前轴承处的平动位移和后轴承处的平动位移。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的磁悬浮系统的轴控制方法, 其特征在于, 根据所述涡动 位移控制所述轴的涡动以及根据所述平动位移控制所述轴的平动包括:
采用第一 PID控制器对所述前轴承处的平动位移进行控制; 采用第二 PID控制器对所述后轴承处的平动位移进行控制; 以及 采用第三 PID控制器对所述涡动位移对应的涡动角度进行控制。
7. 一种磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置, 其特征在于, 包括: 获取单元, 用于获取对磁悬浮系统中轴的位移进行检测得到的位移信号; 分离单元, 用于从所述位移信号中分离出涡动位移; 以及
控制单元, 用于根据所述涡动位移控制所述轴的涡动。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置, 其特征在于, 采用前轴承传 感器检测所述轴的前端的涡动位移, 采用后轴承传感器检测所述轴的后端的涡 动位移, 所述分离单元用于采用以下公式分离出所述涡动位移:
Figure imgf000017_0001
其中, xfll、 xM分别为所述轴的前后两端的涡动位移, /。为所述轴的质心 到所述前轴承传感器的距离, /b为所述轴的质心到所述后轴承传感器的距离, χα为所述前轴承传感器检测到的所述轴的前端偏离平衡位置的位移, 为所述 后轴承传感器检测到的所述轴的后端偏离平衡位置的位移。 根据权利要求 7所述的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置, 其特征在于, 所述控制单元 包括: 计算模块, 用于根据所述涡动位移计算所述轴的涡动角度; 以及 控制模块, 用于控制所述轴的涡动角度在预定范围内。 根据权利要求 9所述的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置, 其特征在于, 所述计算模块 用于采用以下任意一种方式计算所述涡动角度: 方式一: a = arctan― 方式二: a = arctan―
/。 方式三: a = arctan― ~― 其中, 《为涡动角度, _xal1分别为所述轴的前后两端的涡动位移, /。为 所述轴的质心到前轴承传感器的距离, /b为所述轴的质心到后轴承传感器的距 离, X。为所述前轴承传感器检测到的所述轴的前端偏离平衡位置的位移, 为 所述后轴承传感器检测到的所述轴的后端偏离平衡位置的位移。 根据权利要求 7所述的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置, 其特征在于, 所述分离单元 用于对所述位移信号进行分离, 得到平动位移和所述涡动位移, 所述控制单元 还用于在得到所述平动位移之后, 根据所述平动位移控制所述轴的平动, 所述 平动位移包括前轴承处的平动位移和后轴承处的平动位移。 根据权利要求 11所述的磁悬浮系统的轴控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制单元 用于:
采用第一 PID控制器对所述前轴承处的平动位移进行控制; 采用第二 PID控制器对所述后轴承处的平动位移进行控制; 以及 采用第三 PID控制器对所述涡动位移对应的涡动角度进行控制。
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