WO2015033643A1 - 多孔質炭素、調湿吸着材、吸着式ヒートポンプ、及び燃料電池 - Google Patents
多孔質炭素、調湿吸着材、吸着式ヒートポンプ、及び燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to porous carbon and the like, and more particularly to porous carbon and the like that can sufficiently adsorb water vapor on the high humidity side.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 activated carbon and silica gel, which are evaluated as general adsorbents, have sufficient adsorption performance (adsorption amount, adsorption / desorption rate) required at present. There is no material to fill. In particular, there was no material capable of sufficiently adsorbing water vapor on the high humidity side.
- an object of the present invention is to provide porous carbon or the like that can sufficiently adsorb water vapor on the high humidity side.
- the porous carbon of the present invention has mesopores and micropores, and is characterized in that the water vapor adsorption amount ratio shown in the following formula (1) is 1.8 or more.
- Water vapor adsorption amount ratio water vapor adsorption amount when the relative humidity is 90% / water vapor adsorption amount when the relative humidity is 70% (1)
- porous carbon or the like that can sufficiently adsorb water vapor on the high humidity side can be provided.
- the figure (a) is explanatory drawing which shows the state which mixed the polyamic acid resin and magnesium oxide
- the figure (b) is explanatory drawing which shows the state which heat-processed the mixture
- the figure (c) is an explanatory view showing porous carbon.
- the graph which shows the relationship between the relative humidity and water vapor
- the porous carbon of the present invention has mesopores and micropores, and is characterized in that the water vapor adsorption amount ratio shown in the following formula (1) is 1.8 or more.
- Water vapor adsorption amount ratio water vapor adsorption amount when the relative humidity is 90% / water vapor adsorption amount when the relative humidity is 70% (1)
- the water vapor adsorption amount ratio is less than 1.8, there is almost no water vapor adsorption capacity of porous carbon when the relative humidity is 70% (specifically, the pores of the porous carbon are substantially filled with water. State).
- the relative humidity exceeds 70%, it is difficult to adsorb water vapor more than that, making it difficult to control the amount of water vapor adsorption.
- the water vapor adsorption amount ratio is 1.8 or more
- the porous carbon has sufficient water vapor adsorption capacity (specifically, the porous carbon The hole is not filled with water). For this reason, even when the relative humidity exceeds 70%, more water vapor can be adsorbed, and the water vapor adsorption amount can be sufficiently controlled.
- the water vapor adsorption amount ratio is desirably 2.0 or more.
- water vapor adsorption amount ratio is 2.0 or more, water vapor can be further adsorbed in a high humidity atmosphere, so that the function as an adsorbent can be further exhibited.
- the water vapor adsorption amount when the relative humidity is 70% is preferably 50 mg / g or more.
- the amount of water vapor adsorption when the relative humidity is 70% is less than 50 mg / g, the amount of water vapor that can be adsorbed decreases. For this reason, the function as an adsorbent is not fully exhibited, and the field
- the water vapor adsorption amount when the relative humidity is 90% is 300 mg / g or more and 700 mg / g or less.
- the water vapor adsorption amount when the relative humidity is 90% exceeds 700 mg / g, it is difficult to control the adsorption behavior because almost all of the micropores in which the adsorption phenomenon occurs are mainly filled with water vapor. It may become.
- the water vapor adsorption phenomenon mainly occurs in the micropores, but the amount of water vapor adsorption on the high humidity side is affected by the mesopore capacity.
- the mesopore has a pore diameter of 3 nm or more and 50 nm or less, and the mesopore capacity is preferably 0.9 ml / g or more and 2.0 ml / g or less.
- the mesopore has a pore diameter of 4.5 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the following is desirable. It may be difficult to produce a mesopore having a smaller pore diameter than the mesopore diameter of 3 nm or more (particularly 4.5 nm or more).
- the reason why the volume of the mesopores is regulated to 0.9 ml / g or more and 2.0 ml / g or less is as follows.
- the mesopore capacity is less than 0.9 ml / g, the specific surface area is small and water vapor may not be sufficiently adsorbed on the high humidity side.
- the mesopore volume exceeds 2.0 ml / g, the micropore volume (ratio) in all the pores becomes very small, so that a sufficient specific surface area for adsorbing water vapor may not be ensured. .
- Micropore volume Total pore volume-Mesopore volume (2)
- the micropore volume is desirably 0.3 ml / g or more and 0.7 ml / g or less. If the micropore volume is less than 0.3 ml / g, it may be difficult to secure a specific surface area and water vapor may not be sufficiently adsorbed. On the other hand, when the micropore volume exceeds 0.7 ml / g, the response speed (adsorption rate) as an adsorbent decreases due to the micropore volume affecting the water vapor diffusion rate into the micropores. There is.
- the above-mentioned porous carbon is used as an adsorbent for a humidity-adsorbing adsorbent. Further, the porous carbon described above is used as an adsorbent for an adsorption heat pump. Further, the porous carbon described above is used as a carbon-based support for a fuel cell electrode.
- the porous carbon can be produced, for example, as follows. First, the porous carbon of the present invention is prepared by wet or dry mixing of a fluid material containing an organic resin and an oxide (template particles) in a solution or powder state. Next, this mixture is carbonized at a temperature of, for example, 500 ° C. or higher in a non-oxidizing atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere. Finally, the template particles are removed by washing, and thereby porous carbon can be produced.
- the porous carbon thus produced has a large number of pores (mesopores and micropores). However, the arrangement of the pores is not regular but has a structure in which they are randomly arranged.
- the pore diameter, the pore distribution of the porous carbon, and the thickness of the carbonaceous wall can be adjusted by changing the diameter of the template particles and the type of the organic resin. Therefore, it becomes possible to produce porous carbon having a larger pore volume by appropriately selecting the diameter of the template particles and the type of the organic resin.
- a polyimide containing at least one nitrogen or fluorine atom in the unit structure is preferably used as the organic resin.
- the polyimide can be obtained by polycondensation of an acid component and a diamine component. However, in this case, it is necessary that one or both of the acid component and the diamine component contain one or more nitrogen atoms or fluorine atoms.
- a polyamic acid film which is a polyimide precursor is formed, and the solvent is removed by heating to obtain a polyamic acid film.
- a polyimide can be manufactured by thermally imidating the obtained polyamic acid film at 200 ° C. or higher.
- diamine examples include 2,2-bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane [2,2-Bis (4-aminophenyl) hexafluoropropane], 2,2-bis (trifluoromethyl) -benzidine [2,2 ′.
- the acid component includes 4,4-hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalic anhydride (6FDA) containing a fluorine atom and 3,4,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride containing no fluorine atom.
- 6FDA 4,4-hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalic anhydride
- BPDA 4,4-hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalic anhydride
- PMDA pyromellitic dianhydride
- the organic solvent used as a solvent for the polyimide precursor include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethylformamide.
- the imidization method is shown in a known method (for example, see “New Polymer Experimental Science” edited by the Society of Polymer Science, Kyoritsu Shuppan, March 28, 1996, Volume 3, Synthesis and Reaction of Polymers (2), page 158). Thus, either heating or chemical imidization may be followed, and the present invention is not affected by this imidization method. Furthermore, as the resin other than polyimide, petroleum-based tar pitch, acrylic resin, or the like can be used.
- the raw material used as the oxide is a metal organic acid (magnesium citrate, Magnesium oxalate, calcium citrate, calcium oxalate, etc.), chlorides, nitrates, sulfates can also be used.
- a general inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid is used, and it is preferably used as a dilute acid of 2 mol / l or less. It is also possible to use hot water of 80 ° C. or higher.
- the carbonization of the mixture is preferably performed at a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher and 1500 ° C. or lower in a non-oxidizing atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere. Since the resin with a high carbon yield is a polymer, the carbonization may be insufficient at less than 500 ° C. and the pores may not be sufficiently developed. On the other hand, the shrinkage is large at 1500 ° C. or more, and the oxide is sintered and coarse. This is because the pore size is reduced and the specific surface area is reduced.
- the non-oxidizing atmosphere is an argon atmosphere or a nitrogen atmosphere
- the reduced pressure atmosphere is an atmosphere of 133 Pa (1 torr) or less.
- the bulk density of the porous carbon is preferably 0.1 g / cc or more and 1.0 g / cc or less.
- the bulk density is less than 0.1 g / cc, it is difficult to secure a specific surface area, and the shape of the carbonaceous wall may not be maintained.
- the bulk density exceeds 1.0 g / cc, It is difficult to form a three-dimensional network structure, and pore formation may be insufficient.
- Example 1 First, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), a magnesium oxide powder (MgO, average particle diameter is 5 nm) 2 as a template particle and an organic resin (polyvinyl alcohol) 1 as a carbon precursor are in a 3: 2 ratio. Mixed by weight. Next, as shown in FIG.1 (b), this mixture was heat-processed at 900 degreeC by inert atmosphere for 2 hours, and polyvinyl alcohol was thermally decomposed, and the baked product provided with the carbonaceous wall 3 was obtained. . Next, as shown in FIG. 1C, the obtained fired product was washed with a sulfuric acid solution added at a rate of 1 mol / l to completely elute MgO. As a result, amorphous porous carbon 5 having a large number of pores 4 was obtained.
- the porous carbon material thus produced is hereinafter referred to as material A1.
- Example 2 Porous carbon was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that magnesium oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 20 nm was used as the template particle.
- the porous carbon material thus produced is hereinafter referred to as material A2.
- Example 3 Porous carbon was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that magnesium salt (magnesium acetate) was used as the template particle and organic resin (polyvinyl alcohol) was used as the carbon precursor.
- the porous carbon produced in this way is hereinafter referred to as material A3.
- Comparative Example 3 A commercially available synthetic zeolite-based adsorbent (synthetic zeolite A-3 (product number 269-00555) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used. Such a material is hereinafter referred to as material Z3.
- the materials A1 to A3 and Z1 to Z5 were placed in a sealed glass cell for adsorption measurement, and then degassed at 300 ° C. for 2 hours under vacuum.
- DR Dubinin-Radushkevitch
- mesopore diameter was determined by the BJH (Berret-Joyner-Halenda) method, and the micropore diameter was determined by the HK (Horvath-Kawazoe) method.
- the water vapor adsorption amount when the water vapor relative pressure P / P 0 at 25 ° C. 0.70 (meaning that the relative humidity is 70%, hereinafter may be referred to as RH70),
- the water vapor adsorption amount at the time of P / P 0 0.90 (meaning that the relative humidity is 90%.
- RH90 water vapor adsorption amount shown in the following formula (1) The ratio was calculated.
- Water vapor adsorption amount ratio water vapor adsorption amount when RH90 / water vapor adsorption amount when RH70 (1)
- the value of the water vapor adsorption amount at RH90 / the water vapor adsorption amount at RH70 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as RH90 / RH70) is 1.0.
- the values of RH90 / RH70 are 2.3 to 7.8. From this, it can be seen that the values of RH90 / RH70 are higher in the materials A1 to A3 than in the materials Z1 to Z5. Therefore, since the materials Z1 to Z5 have almost no water vapor adsorption capacity of porous carbon at the time of RH70, when it becomes RH90, water vapor can hardly be adsorbed.
- the materials A1 to A3 the water vapor adsorption capacity of the porous carbon is sufficiently high at the time of RH70, so that even when it becomes RH90, the water vapor can be sufficiently adsorbed. .
- the present invention can be used as a humidity conditioning / adsorbing material, an adsorption heat pump, a fuel cell electrode carrier, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
水蒸気吸着量比率=相対湿度が90%のときの水蒸気吸着量/相対湿度が70%のときの水蒸気吸着量・・・(1)
水蒸気吸着量比率=相対湿度が90%のときの水蒸気吸着量/相対湿度が70%のときの水蒸気吸着量・・・(1)
上記水蒸気吸着量比率が1.8未満の場合、相対湿度が70%の時点において、多孔質炭素の水蒸気吸着余力がほとんどない状態(具体的には、多孔質炭素の細孔に水が略充満している状態)となっている。このため、相対湿度が70%を超えた場合には、それ以上の水蒸気をほとんど吸着できず、水蒸気吸着量の制御が困難となる。これに対して、上記水蒸気吸着量比率が1.8以上の場合、相対湿度が70%の時点において、多孔質炭素の水蒸気吸着余力が十分にある状態(具体的には、多孔質炭素の細孔に水が充満していない状態)となっている。このため、相対湿度が70%を超えた場合であっても、それ以上の水蒸気を吸着でき、水蒸気吸着量の制御を十分に行うことが可能となる。
水蒸気吸着量比率が2.0以上であると、高湿度雰囲気下で水蒸気を一層吸着できるので、吸着材としての機能をより発揮できる。
相対湿度が70%のときの水蒸気吸着量が50mg/g未満の場合には、吸着できる水蒸気量が少なくなる。このため、吸着材としての機能が十分に発揮されず、利用出来る分野が限定される場合がある。
相対湿度が90%のときの水蒸気吸着量が300mg/g未満の場合、吸着材としての機能が低く、利用出来る分野が限定される場合がある。一方、相対湿度が90%のときの水蒸気吸着量が700mg/gを超えている場合、主として吸着現象が生じるミクロ孔のほぼ全てが水蒸気によって満たされた状態となるため、吸着挙動の制御が困難となる場合がある。
尚、上述の如く、主として水蒸気の吸着現象が生じるのはミクロ孔であるが、高湿度側における水蒸気の吸着量はメソ孔容量に影響される。
上記メソ孔の孔径を3nm以上(特に、4.5nm以上)に規制するのは、それより小さな孔径のものを作製するのは、困難な場合がある。また、メソ孔の容量を0.9ml/g以上2.0ml/g以下に規制するのは、以下に示す理由による。メソ孔の容量が0.9ml/g未満の場合、比表面積が小さく、高湿度側で水蒸気を十分に吸着出来ない場合がある。一方、メソ孔の容量が2.0ml/gを超えると、全細孔におけるミクロ孔の容量(割合)が非常に小さくなるため、水蒸気を吸着するための十分な比表面積を確保できない場合がある。
ミクロ孔容量=全細孔容量-メソ孔容量・・・(2)
ミクロ孔容量が0.3ml/g未満であると、比表面積を確保することが困難となって、水蒸気を十分に吸着出来ない場合がある。一方、ミクロ孔容量が0.7ml/gを超えると、ミクロ孔容量はミクロ孔への水蒸気拡散速度に影響を与えることに起因して、吸着材としての応答速度(吸着速度)が低下する場合がある。
上記多孔質炭素は、例えば、以下のようにして作製できる。先ず、本発明の多孔質炭素は、有機質樹脂を含む流動性材料と酸化物(鋳型粒子)とを、溶液または粉末状態において湿式もしくは乾式混合して混合物を作製する。次に、この混合物を非酸化雰囲気或いは減圧雰囲気の下、例えば500℃以上の温度で炭化させる。最後に、洗浄処理することで鋳型粒子を取り除き、これによって、多孔質炭素を作製できる。このようにして作製した多孔質炭素は、多数の細孔(メソ孔とミクロ孔)を有している。但し、細孔の配置は規則的ではなく、ランダムに配置される構造となっている。
具体的には、ポリイミドの前駆体であるポリアミド酸を成膜し、溶媒を加熱除去することによりポリアミド酸膜を得る。次に、得られたポリアミド酸膜を200℃以上で熱イミド化することによりポリイミドを製造することができる。
また、ポリイミド前駆体の溶媒として用いる有機溶媒は、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、ジメチルホルムアミド等が挙げられる。
更に、ポリイミド以外の樹脂としては、石油系タールピッチ、アクリル樹脂などが使用できる。
また、酸化物を取り除く洗浄液としては、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、クエン酸、酢酸、ギ酸など一般的な無機酸を使用し、2mol/l以下の希酸として用いるのが好ましい。また、80℃以上の熱水を使用することも可能である。
先ず、図1(a)に示すように、鋳型粒子としての酸化マグネシウム粉末(MgO、平均粒径は5nm)2と、炭素前駆体としての有機物樹脂(ポリビニルアルコール)1とを、3:2の重量比で混合した。次に、図1(b)に示すように、この混合物を不活性雰囲気下900℃で2時間熱処理して、ポリビニルアルコールを熱分解させることにより、炭素質壁3を備えた焼成物を得た。次いで、図1(c)に示すように、得られた焼成物を1mol/lの割合で添加された硫酸溶液で洗浄して、MgOを完全に溶出させた。これにより多数の細孔4を有する非晶質の多孔質炭素5を得た。
このようにして作製した多孔質炭素材料を、以下、材料A1と称する。
鋳型粒子として、平均粒径が20nmの酸化マグネシウム粉末を用いた以外は、上記実施例1と同様にして多孔質炭素を作製した。
このようにして作製した多孔質炭素材料を、以下、材料A2と称する。
鋳型粒子としてマグネシウム塩(酢酸マグネシウム)を用い、炭素前駆体としての有機物樹脂(ポリビニルアルコール)を用いた以外は、上記実施例1と同様にして多孔質炭素を作製した。
このようにして作製した多孔質炭素を、以下、材料A3と称する。
市販の活性炭(和光純薬工業株式会社製 活性炭(製品番号037-02115))を用いた。
このような活性炭を、以下、材料Z1と称する。
ポリイミドからなるフィルムを窒素雰囲気下、900℃で熱処理することにより炭素材料を作製した。
このようにして作製した材料を、以下、材料Z2と称する。
市販の合成ゼオライト系吸着材(和光純薬工業株式会社製 合成ゼオライトA-3(製品番号269-00555)を用いた。
このような材料を、以下、材料Z3と称する。
市販の合成ゼオライト系吸着材(和光純薬工業株式会社製 合成ゼオライトF-9(製品号261-00635))を用いた。
このような材料を、以下、材料Z4と称する。
市販の二酸化ケイ素(Sigma-Aldrich社製 MCM-41type 643645)を用いた。
このような材料を、以下、材料Z5と称する。
上記、材料A1~A3、Z1~Z5におけるBET比表面積等について、下記の方法で調べたので、それらの結果を表1に示す。
全細孔容量は相対圧(P/P0)0.95における吸着量から求め、ミクロ孔の容量はDubinin-Radushkevitch(DR)法によって求めた。また、メソ孔容量は上記全細孔容量と上記ミクロ孔の容量との差から求めた。
メソ孔径はBJH(Berret-Joyner-Halenda)法で求め、ミクロ孔径はHK(Horvath-Kawazoe)法で求めた。
水蒸気吸着測定は日本ベル株式会社製の自動ガス/蒸気吸着量測定装置BELSORP-18を用いて行った。測定条件は,吸着温度を25℃とし相対圧(P/P0)0~0.9の範囲で行った。また、吸着質となる水としては、凍結および脱泡処理を4~5回繰り返すことにより高純度化した蒸留水を用いた。得られた吸着等温線は横軸を水蒸気相対圧(P/P0)とし、縦軸を試料1gあたりに吸着した水蒸気の量(mg/g)として描画した。その結果を、図2に示す。
水蒸気吸着量比率=RH90のときの水蒸気吸着量/RH70のときの水蒸気吸着量・・・(1)
2:酸化マグネシウム
3:炭素質壁
4:細孔
5:多孔質炭素
Claims (10)
- メソ孔とミクロ孔とを備え、下記(1)式に示す水蒸気吸着量比率が1.8以上であることを特徴とする多孔質炭素。
水蒸気吸着量比率=相対湿度が90%のときの水蒸気吸着量/相対湿度が70%のときの水蒸気吸着量・・・(1) - 上記水蒸気吸着量比率が2.0以上である、請求項1に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 上記相対湿度が70%のときの水蒸気吸着量が50mg/g以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 上記相対湿度が90%のときの水蒸気吸着量が300mg/g以上700mg/g以下である、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 上記メソ孔の孔径が3nm以上50nm以下であり、上記メソ孔の容量が0.9ml/g以上2.0ml/g以下である、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 上記メソ孔の孔径が4.5nm以上50nm以下である、請求項5に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 上記ミクロ孔容量が0.3ml/g以上0.7ml/g以下である、請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の多孔質炭素を吸着材として用いることを特徴とする調湿吸着材。
- 請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の多孔質炭素を吸着材として用いることを特徴とする吸着式ヒートポンプ。
- 請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の多孔質炭素を電極の炭素系担体として用いることを特徴とする燃料電池。
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US14/911,593 US10137405B2 (en) | 2013-09-06 | 2014-06-16 | Porous carbon, humidity control adsorbent, adsorption heat pump, and fuel cell |
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JP6671719B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-16 | 2020-03-25 | アイシン精機株式会社 | バイオ燃料電池用のガス拡散電極材、及び、ガス拡散電極材の作製方法、ガス拡散電極材を備えるバイオ燃料電池 |
TWI647175B (zh) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-01-11 | 台灣中油股份有限公司 | 生質油製作多重孔洞碳材之方法 |
JP7125892B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-20 | 2022-08-25 | 株式会社クレハ | アミロイドβ除去器具、生体由来液浄化システム、アミロイドβ除去方法およびアミロイドβ除去用吸着材 |
JP6861370B1 (ja) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-21 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 触媒、触媒層、膜/電極接合体、電気化学デバイス、触媒の製造方法 |
KR20230079099A (ko) | 2020-09-29 | 2023-06-05 | 엔.이. 켐캣 가부시키가이샤 | 전극용 촉매, 가스 확산 전극 형성용 조성물, 가스 확산 전극, 막-전극 접합체 및 연료 전지 스택 |
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FR3122585A1 (fr) * | 2021-05-04 | 2022-11-11 | Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 | Solide mésoporeux pour réguler l’humidité dans les espaces clos |
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WO2024202884A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-03 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料電池の触媒担体用炭素材料、固体高分子型燃料電池用触媒層、燃料電池、及び固体高分子型燃料電池の触媒担体用炭素材料の製造方法 |
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CN107210449B (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2020-08-14 | 日铁化学材料株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料电池用载体碳材料以及催化剂 |
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US10137405B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
JP5695147B2 (ja) | 2015-04-01 |
CA2922942A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
EP3042877A4 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
CN105531224A (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
CN105531224B (zh) | 2018-10-16 |
EP3042877A1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
TWI638771B (zh) | 2018-10-21 |
TW201515993A (zh) | 2015-05-01 |
CA2922942C (en) | 2022-09-13 |
US20160199809A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
KR20160051879A (ko) | 2016-05-11 |
EP3042877B1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
KR102328148B1 (ko) | 2021-11-18 |
MX2016001521A (es) | 2017-01-11 |
JP2015051891A (ja) | 2015-03-19 |
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