WO2015018289A1 - 一种合成阿哌沙班重要中间体的新方法 - Google Patents
一种合成阿哌沙班重要中间体的新方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015018289A1 WO2015018289A1 PCT/CN2014/083228 CN2014083228W WO2015018289A1 WO 2015018289 A1 WO2015018289 A1 WO 2015018289A1 CN 2014083228 W CN2014083228 W CN 2014083228W WO 2015018289 A1 WO2015018289 A1 WO 2015018289A1
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- reaction
- ice bath
- formula
- acetonitrile
- apixaban
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- QNZCBYKSOIHPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Apixaban Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1C(C(=O)N(CC2)C=3C=CC(=CC=3)N3C(CCCC3)=O)=C2C(C(N)=O)=N1 QNZCBYKSOIHPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229960003886 apixaban Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- SVNNWKWHLOJLOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloropentanoyl chloride Chemical compound ClCCCCC(Cl)=O SVNNWKWHLOJLOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 42
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DRSHXJFUUPIBHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc1ccc(cc1)N1N=CC2C=NC(Nc3cc(OC)c(OC)c(OCCCN4CCN(C)CC4)c3)=NC12 Chemical compound COc1ccc(cc1)N1N=CC2C=NC(Nc3cc(OC)c(OC)c(OCCCN4CCN(C)CC4)c3)=NC12 DRSHXJFUUPIBHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VPCQXIGQMFWXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperidin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1N1C(=O)CCCC1 VPCQXIGQMFWXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKRUMSWHDWKGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromopentanoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)CCCCBr OKRUMSWHDWKGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010014522 Embolism venous Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002451 electron ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUWHAWMETYGRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCN1 XUWHAWMETYGRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylamine Natural products CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 triethylamine tertiary amine organic base Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 208000004043 venous thromboembolism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVICEEPAFUYBJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxole Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C=C2OC(F)(F)OC2=C1 CVICEEPAFUYBJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 C*(CCC=C1*2CCOCC2)C1=O Chemical compound C*(CCC=C1*2CCOCC2)C1=O 0.000 description 1
- 229940123583 Factor Xa inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010100 anticoagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004772 dichloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 229960000610 enoxaparin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000629 knee joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular hydrogen;sodium Chemical compound [Na].[H][H] XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXKUGIFNIUUKAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylformamide;hydrazine Chemical compound NN.CN(C)C=O OXKUGIFNIUUKAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XGISHOFUAFNYQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCC(Cl)=O XGISHOFUAFNYQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/80—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/84—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/86—Oxygen atoms
- C07D211/88—Oxygen atoms attached in positions 2 and 6, e.g. glutarimide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/02—Preparation by ring-closure or hydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/68—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D211/72—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/74—Oxygen atoms
- C07D211/76—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 6
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of apixaban intermediates. Background technique
- Apixaban chemical name 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-oxo-6-[4-(2-oxo-1-piperidinyl)phenyl] -4 , 5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-3-carboxamide, the structural formula of which is as follows:
- Apixaban is an oral anticoagulant developed by Pfizer and Squibb. It is a factor Xa inhibitor and is now available in China, the United States and Europe. China is approved for adult patients undergoing elective replacement of the hip or knee. Prevention Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is marketed, provides a safe and effective new option for clinical anticoagulation after orthopedic surgery, and brings good news to patients undergoing elective replacement of the hip/knee joint in China. Clinical trials have shown that Apixaban is superior to enoxaparin.
- VTE Venous thromboembolism
- CN101065379 The compound is obtained by amidation-cyclization two-oxime method with p-nitroaniline as a raw material under basic conditions and 5-bromopentanoyl chloride:
- the raw material is 5-bromopentanoyl chloride, which is difficult to control by quality. It is difficult to prepare and cost.
- the base used is an organic base such as potassium t-butoxide.
- the solvent is high in tetrahydrofuran solvent, which is not suitable for industrial production.
- R is selected from nitro
- the inorganic base used in the present invention may be sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate or potassium hydrogencarbonate, and preferably sodium hydroxide.
- the inert solvent used in the present invention may be tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dichloromethyl, hydrazine, hydrazine-dimethylformamide, 1,2-dichloroacetamidine or the like, preferably acetonitrile.
- the reaction temperature is -10 to 10 when 5-chloropentanoyl chloride is added dropwise. C, preferably -5 to 5 °C.
- the reaction temperature after the dropwise addition of 5-chlorovaleryl chloride is 0 to 50 ° C, preferably 15 to 40 ° C.
- the recrystallization of the crude compound I a can be carried out by recrystallization from ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (ethyl acetate/n-heptane), and the ratio of ethyl acetate/petroleum ether is from 2/1 to 1/1, preferably 1 /1,
- the solvent usage volume ratio is 1 to 3, preferably 1 to 1.5.
- the invention provides a method for synthesizing apixaban intermediate without adding a tertiary amine organic base, nor using expensive sodium tert-butoxide or potassium t-butoxide cyclization reagent, and without using expensive and dangerous reagents
- Sodium hydride is prepared by a one-pot method using only inexpensive inorganic base in an inert solvent.
- the method has mild reaction conditions, simple operation, convenient purification, low production cost, environmental friendliness, and is suitable for industrial production. detailed description
- Example 1 Preparation of Compound II a
- the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes, the ice bath is naturally raised to 20 ° C, the reaction is 2-6 h, the reaction intermediate is monitored to disappear, the ice bath is cooled to 0 ° C, the pH is adjusted to neutral with 2N hydrochloric acid, and the reaction solution is static.
- the organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate (30 ml*3), EtOAc (EtOAc m. The crystals were naturally cooled and filtered to give 4.78 g of a yellow solid. Yield: 60.0% purity: 98.3%.
- the ice bath naturally rises to 30 ° C, the reaction is 20 h, the reaction is monitored completely, the ice bath is cooled to 0 ° C, the pH is adjusted to neutral with 6N hydrochloric acid, the reaction solution is concentrated to dryness, and 16 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution is added for beating. Lh, filtered yellow solid 1.76 g, yield: 67.3%. Purity: 95.0%.
Abstract
本发明涉及一种合成阿哌沙班中间体的方法，该方法将式Ⅰ所示化合物与5-氯戊酰氯在无机碱存在的条件下，在惰性溶剂中反应得到式Ⅱ所示化合物，反应式为（Ａ）。其中，R选自硝基及基团（Ｂ）。该方法反应条件温和、操作简单、便于纯化、生产成本低廉，对环境友好，适合工业化生产。
Description
一种合成阿哌沙班重要中间体的新方法 本申请要求于 2013 年 8 月 5 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201310335663.4 发明名称为"一种合成阿哌沙班重要中间体的新方 法"的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及一种合成阿哌沙班中间体的方法。 背景技术
阿哌沙班 （Apixaban) , 化学名称为 1- (4-甲氧基苯基） -7-氧代 -6-[4- (2-氧代 -1-哌啶基）苯基] -4,5,6,7-四氢 -1H-吡唑并 [3,4-c]吡啶 -3- 羧酰胺， 其结构式如 ：
阿哌沙班由辉瑞和施贵宝共同开发的口服抗凝血剂， 为 Xa因子 抑制剂， 现已在中国、 美国及欧洲上市， 中国批准用于髋关节或膝关 节择期置换术的成年患者， 预防静脉血栓栓塞症 （VTE) , 它的上市 为临床上骨科手术后抗凝提供了安全有效的新选择， 为中国髋 /膝关 节择期置换术的患者带来福音。临床试验表明， Apixaban获得上优于 依诺肝素的作用效果。
其中 1-(4-硝基苯基)哌啶 -2-酮和 5,6-二氢 -3-(4-吗啉基 )-1-[4-(2-氧 代 -1-哌啶基)苯基] -2(1H)-吡啶酮化合物均是合成阿哌沙班的重要中 间体之一， 目前相关制备方法报道如下：
1. CN101065379 以对硝基苯胺为原料在碱性条件下与 5-溴戊酰 氯经过酰胺化 -环合两歩法得到化合物：
该几种方法的主要问题在于：
1 ) 原料采用 5-溴戊酰氯， 质量控制难度较大， 制备难度和成本 较高， 所采用的碱为叔丁醇钾等有机碱， 采用四氢呋喃溶剂， 成本均 较高， 不适合工业生产。
2) 反应中采用三乙胺叔胺有机碱先进行酰胺化反应， 再用碱性 更强的叔丁醇钠、 叔丁醇钾、 氢化钠进行环合反应， 操作繁琐， 钠氢 属于危险试剂， 存在很大的安全隐患， 且后处理繁琐， 产品质量控制 也较为困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种合成阿哌沙班重要中间体化合物的 新方法， 以克服现有技术的缺陷及不足之处。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
将式 I所示化合物与 5-氯戊酰氯在无机碱存在的条件下，在惰性 溶剂中反应得到式 Π所示化合物 _阿哌沙班中间体化合物， 反应式
具体详细反应式如下：
本发明中， 4-R基苯胺与 5-氯戊酰氯在无机碱的作用下， 在惰性 溶剂中进行反应得到化合物 1- (4-R基苯基） 哌啶 -2-酮。
本发明使用无机碱可以是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、 碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢钾等， 优选氢氧化钠。
本发明使用惰性溶剂可以是四氢呋喃， 乙腈， 二氯甲院， Ν,Ν- 二甲基甲酰胺， 1,2-二氯乙垸等， 优选乙腈。
本发明中， 优先采用 5-氯戊酰氯与式 I ( I a或 I b ) 所示化合 物在氢氧化钠的作用下，以乙腈作为溶剂，进行反应生成化合物 II ( II
a或 li b) , 其中 5-氯戊酰氯与式 I所示化合物的摩尔比为 1.0~3.0， 优选为 1.5~2.3，氢氧化钠与式 I所示化合物的摩尔比为 2.0~10.0，优 选为 5.0~6.5， 优选采用乙腈作为溶剂， 溶剂体积与反应物质量比在 25-40, 优选为 28~35。 在此情况下， 滴加 5-氯戊酰氯时反应的温度 为 -10~10。C， 优选为 -5~5°C。
本发明中， 滴加 5-氯戊酰氯完毕后反应温度为 0~50°C， 优选为 15~40°C。
此外， 化合物 I a粗品的重结晶可采用乙酸乙酯 /石油醚（乙酸乙 酯 /正庚垸等）体系进行重结晶， 乙酸乙酯 /石油醚比例为 2/1~1/1， 优 选 1/1， 溶剂使用量体积质量比为 1~3， 优选 1~1.5。
本发明提供的一种合成阿哌沙班中间体的方法，无需加入叔胺有 机碱， 也未使用昂贵的叔丁醇钠、 叔丁醇钾环合试剂， 且未用到价格 高昂及危险试剂氢化钠，仅使用价格低廉无机碱在惰性溶剂中一锅法 制备得到阿哌沙班中间体化合物， 该方法反应条件温和、 操作简单、 便于纯化、 生产成本低廉， 对环境友好， 适合工业化生产。 具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案及其所产生的技术效果 作进一歩说明， 以充分地了解本发明的目的、 技术特征和效果。 实施例 1: 化合物 II a的制备
5g对硝基苯胺， 150ml乙腈加入 500ml三口瓶， 搅拌， 冰浴冷至 0°C， 加入 8.7g (6eq)氢氧化钠， 冰浴搅拌 10分钟， 然后滴加 9.4ml 5-氯戊酰氯 （2eq) (用 10ml乙腈稀释）， 控温在 0-5°C。 滴毕， 保温 搅拌 10分钟，撤冰浴自然升至 20°C，反应 2h，监测反应中间体消失， 冰浴降温至 0°C， 2N盐酸调节 pH至中性， 反应液静置分层， 乙腈层 浓缩至干， 加入 50ml乙酸乙酯， 用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗 （30ml*3 )， 合并所有水相，用乙酸乙酯萃取，合并有机相，饱和食盐水洗，干燥， 浓缩得黄色固体含部分油状物，用乙酸乙酯 /石油醚（1: 1， 8ml)结晶， 加热至回流溶清搅拌自然降温析晶， 过滤得 6.64g黄色固体。 收率：
83.2% 纯度: 99.0% (HPLC)
EI-MS(m/z): 220.1
HNMR (400MHz, DMSO, ppm) δ :8.24(d,J=8.8Hz,2H), 7.63(d, J =8.8Hz,2H), 3.71(t,J=6.0Hz,2H), 2.48(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),1.84-1.91(m, 4
H)。
实施例 2: 化合物 II a的制备
5g对硝基苯胺， 150ml二氯甲垸加入 500ml三口瓶， 搅拌， 冰浴 冷至 0°C， 加入 8.7g (6eq) 氢氧化钠， 冰浴搅拌 10分钟， 然后滴加 9.4ml 5-氯戊酰氯（2eq) (用 10ml二氯甲垸稀释）， 控温在 0-5°C。 滴 毕， 保温搅拌 10分钟， 撤冰浴自然升至 30°C， 反应 2-6h， 监测反应 中间体消失， 冰浴降温至 0°C， 2N盐酸调节 pH至中性， 反应液静置 分层， 下层有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗 （30ml*3 )， 浓缩至干得黄 色固体含部分油状物， 用乙酸乙酯 /石油醚（1:1， 8ml)结晶， 加热至 回流溶清搅拌自然降温析晶，过滤得 5.79g黄色固体。 收率： 73.0% 纯度: 99.1% 。
实施例 3: 化合物 II a的制备
5g对硝基苯胺， 150ml四氢呋喃加入 500ml三口瓶， 搅拌， 冰浴 冷至 0°C， 加入 8.7g (6eq) 氢氧化钠， 冰浴搅拌 10分钟， 然后滴加 9.4ml 5-氯戊酰氯（2eq) (用 10ml四氢呋喃稀释）， 控温在 0-5°C。 滴 毕， 保温搅拌 10分钟， 撤冰浴自然升至 20°C， 反应 2-6h， 监测反应 中间体消失， 冰浴降温至 0°C， 2N盐酸调节 pH至中性， 反应液静置 分层， 有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗 （30ml*3 )， 浓缩至干得黄色固 体含部分油状物， 用乙酸乙酯 /石油醚（1:1， 8ml)结晶， 加热至回流 溶清搅拌自然降温析晶，过滤得 4.78g黄色固体。 收率： 60.0% 纯 度: 98.3% 。
实施例 4: 化合物 II a的制备
5g对硝基苯胺， 150ml乙腈加入 500ml三口瓶， 搅拌， 冰浴冷至 0°C， 加入 8.1g (4eq)氢氧化钾， 冰浴搅拌 10分钟， 然后滴加 10.8ml 5-氯戊酰氯（2.3eq) (用 10ml乙腈稀释）， 控温在 0-5°C。 滴毕， 保温 搅拌 10分钟， 撤冰浴自然升至 20°C， 反应 2-4h， 监测反应中间体消
失， 冰浴降温至 0°C， 2N盐酸调节 pH至中性， 反应液静置分层， 乙 腈层浓缩至干， 加入 50ml 乙酸乙酯， 用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗
( 30ml*3 )， 合并所有水相， 用乙酸乙酯萃取， 合并有机相， 饱和食 盐水洗， 干燥， 浓缩得黄色固体含部分油状物， 用乙酸乙酯 /石油醚
( 1:1， 8ml)结晶， 加热至回流溶清搅拌自然降温析晶， 过滤得 5.53g 黄色固体。 收率： 69.3% 纯度: 98.9% 。
实施例 5: 化合物 li b的制备
2g 化合物 C， 50ml乙腈加入三口瓶，搅拌浑浊液，冰浴冷至 0°C， 加入 1.75g (6eq) 氢氧化钠， 冰浴搅拌 10分钟， 然后滴加 1.9ml 5- 氯戊酰氯（2eq) (用 2ml乙腈稀释）， 控温在 0-5°C。 滴毕， 撤冰浴升 至 30°C， 反应 5h， 监控原料及中间态消失， 冰浴降温至 0°C， 6N盐 酸调节 pH至中性， 反应液浓缩至干， 加入 8ml饱和碳酸氢钠溶液打 浆 lh，过滤得黄色固体 2.29g， 收率： 87.5%。纯度： 95.3% 。（HPLC)
EI-MS(m/z): 355.2
HNMR(400MHz,DMSO,ppm) δ 7.32(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=8.8H z,2H),5.71(t,J=4.8Hz,lH),3.72-3.69(m,2H),3.65-3.63(m,4H), 3.60-3.57 (m,2H),2.79-2.77(m,4H) 2.44-2.41 (m,2H), 2.40-2.39(m, 2H),1.88-1.82
(m,4H)0 实施例 6: 化合物 li b的制备
2g 化合物 C， 60ml二氯甲垸加入三口瓶， 搅拌， 冰浴冷至 0°C。 加入 1.75g (6eq) 氢氧化钠， 冰浴搅拌 10分钟， 然后滴加 1.9ml 5- 氯戊酰氯（2eq) (用 2ml二氯甲垸稀释）， 控温在 0-5°C。 滴毕， 撤冰 浴自然升至 25 °C，反应 5h，监控原料及中间态消失，冰浴降温至 0°C， 6N盐酸调节 pH至中性， 分层， 水层用二氯甲垸 30ml萃取， 有机相 浓缩至干，加入 8ml饱和碳酸氢钠溶液打浆 lh，过滤得黄色固体 2.0g， 收率： 77.3%。 纯度： 96.0% 。
实施例 7: 化合物 li b的制备
2g 化合物 C， 60ml四氢呋喃加入三口瓶， 搅拌， 冰浴冷至 0°C。 加入 1.75g (6eq) 氢氧化钠， 冰浴搅拌 10分钟， 然后滴加 1.9ml 5-
氯戊酰氯（2eq) (用 2ml二氯甲垸稀释）， 控温在 0-5°C。 滴毕， 撤冰 浴自然升至 25 °C，反应 4h，监控原料及中间态消失，冰浴降温至 0°C， 6N盐酸调节 pH至中性， 分层， 水层用二氯甲垸 30ml萃取， 有机相 浓缩至干， 加入 8ml 饱和碳酸氢钠溶液打浆 lh， 过滤得黄色固体 1.89g， 收率： 72.3%。 纯度： 94.9% 。
实施例 8: 化合物 li b的制备
2g 化合物 C， 60ml乙腈加入三口瓶， 搅拌， 冰浴冷至 0°C。 加 入 4.62g (6eq)碳酸钠， 冰浴搅拌 10分钟， 然后滴加 2.2ml 5-氯戊酰 氯（2.3 eq) (用 3ml乙腈稀释）， 控温在 0-5°C。 滴毕， 撤冰浴自然升 至 30°C， 反应 20h， 监控反应完全， 冰浴降温至 0°C， 6N盐酸调节 pH至中性， 反应液浓缩至干， 加入 16ml饱和碳酸氢钠溶液打浆 lh， 过滤得黄色固体 1.76g， 收率： 67.3%。 纯度： 95.0% 。
Claims
1、 一种合成阿哌沙班中间体的方法，其特征在于，包括如下歩骤： 式 I所示化合物与 5-氯戊酰氯在无机碱存在的条件下， 在惰性溶 剂中反
其中，
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述无机碱选自氢氧 化钠， 氢氧化钾， 碳酸钠， 碳酸钾， 碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述惰性溶剂选自四 氢呋喃， 乙腈， 二氯甲垸， Ν,Ν-二甲基甲酰胺或 1,2-二氯乙垸。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述无机碱为氢 氧化钠。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 3所述方法， 其特征在于， 所述惰性溶剂为乙 腈。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述方法， 其特征在于， 所述 5-氯戊酰氯与式 I 所示化合物的摩尔比为 1.0~3.0， 优选 1.5~2.3。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述方法， 其特征在于， 所述无机碱为氢氧 化钠时， 氢氧化钠与式 I所示化合物的摩尔比为 2.0~10.0， 优选为 5.0 6.5。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 3所述方法， 其特征在于， 所述惰性溶剂为乙 腈时， 溶剂体积与反应物质量比在 25~40， 优选为 28~35。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中通过滴加 5-氯戊酰氯来进行反 应， 在滴加 5-氯戊酰氯时反应的温度为 -10~10°C， 优选为 -5~5°C。
10、根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中通过滴加 5-氯戊酰氯来进行反 应， 滴加 5-氯戊酰氯完毕后， 反应温度为 0~50°C， 优选为 15~40°C。
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