WO2015008452A1 - 冷凍装置 - Google Patents
冷凍装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015008452A1 WO2015008452A1 PCT/JP2014/003594 JP2014003594W WO2015008452A1 WO 2015008452 A1 WO2015008452 A1 WO 2015008452A1 JP 2014003594 W JP2014003594 W JP 2014003594W WO 2015008452 A1 WO2015008452 A1 WO 2015008452A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- refrigerant
- refrigerant liquid
- evaporator
- heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B19/00—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
- F24F2005/0025—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using heat exchange fluid storage tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
- F25B2339/024—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/16—Receivers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/23—Separators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
- F25B2600/0251—Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus.
- the refrigeration apparatus 300 of Document 1 is composed of a water-refrigerant turbo ice maker and an ice storage / de-icing facility.
- the water refrigerant turbo ice maker is constituted by a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser, an ice slurry pump, and the like.
- the ice storage / melting equipment includes an ice heat storage tank, an ice melting pump, and the like.
- the ice slurry generated by the evaporator is conveyed and stored in the ice heat storage tank by the ice slurry pump.
- the cold water in the ice heat storage tank is conveyed by an ice-breaking pump and used as a cooling heat source.
- the refrigeration apparatus 300 of Document 1 enables a reduction in running cost as compared with a normal turbo chiller.
- incidental facilities such as an ice storage tank and an ice slurry pump are required, so the initial cost increases.
- an object of the present invention is to reduce the number of parts and initial cost of a refrigeration apparatus.
- a container that stores the heat inside the latent heat of the refrigerant, A compressor connected to the container and generating latent heat of the refrigerant; A heat exchanger, a feed flow path connecting the inlet of the heat exchanger and the container, a return flow path connecting the outlet of the heat exchanger and the container, and passing through the heat exchanger A heat exchange circuit for circulating the refrigerant liquid stored in the container; A flow path used in a heat storage operation for storing heat in the container, wherein the feed flow path and the return flow path are connected, and the refrigerant liquid flowing out of the container passes through the heat exchanger.
- a heat storage flow path configured to be returned to the container without, A flow path switching mechanism that selects one of the heat exchange circulation path and the heat storage flow path as a flow path through which the refrigerant liquid that has flowed out of the evaporator flows.
- a refrigeration apparatus comprising:
- the number of parts and initial cost of the refrigeration apparatus can be reduced.
- the first aspect of the present disclosure is: A container that stores the heat inside the latent heat of the refrigerant, A compressor connected to the container and generating latent heat of the refrigerant; A heat exchanger, a feed flow path connecting the inlet of the heat exchanger and the container, a return flow path connecting the outlet of the heat exchanger and the container, and passing through the heat exchanger A heat exchange circuit for circulating the refrigerant liquid stored in the container; A flow path used in a heat storage operation for storing heat in the container, wherein the feed flow path and the return flow path are connected, and the refrigerant liquid flowing out of the container passes through the heat exchanger.
- a heat storage flow path configured to be returned to the container without, A flow path switching mechanism that selects one of the heat exchange circulation path and the heat storage flow path as a flow path through which the refrigerant liquid that has flowed out of the evaporator flows.
- a refrigeration apparatus comprising:
- heat (including cold energy) is stored inside the container.
- the refrigerant liquid stored in the container circulates between the container and the heat exchanger in the heat exchange circuit. In the heat exchanger, cooling or heating ability is exhibited.
- the container since the container also serves as a heat storage tank, the heat storage tank can be omitted. Therefore, the number of parts and the initial cost of the refrigeration apparatus can be reduced.
- the container is an evaporator that stores the refrigerant liquid
- the compressor stores the refrigerant in the evaporator by sucking refrigerant vapor from the evaporator.
- the refrigerant liquid is evaporated, the refrigerant vapor sucked from the evaporator is compressed, and the heat storage flow path is a cold storage operation for storing cold heat in the evaporator using latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant liquid.
- a refrigeration apparatus which is a cold storage channel used.
- cold energy is stored in the evaporator.
- An object (such as indoor air) can be cooled using the stored cold energy.
- the compressor solidifies the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator inside the evaporator by sucking the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator. And providing the refrigeration apparatus in which the solid refrigerant is stored in the evaporator in the cold storage operation.
- the solid refrigerant is stored in the evaporator.
- the remaining refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator is cooled by the solid refrigerant.
- the cooled refrigerant liquid circulates between the evaporator and the heat exchanger in the heat exchange circuit. The cooling capacity is exhibited in the heat exchanger.
- the evaporator also serves as a cold storage tank
- the cold storage tank can be omitted. Therefore, the number of parts and the initial cost of the refrigeration apparatus can be reduced.
- the solid refrigerant is stored inside the evaporator, a high cold storage density can be achieved.
- the heat exchange circuit has an upstream end connected to the container, and the heat storage flow path extends from the container. Branch from the heat exchange circuit between the inlet of the heat exchanger and the upstream end of the heat exchange circuit so that the refrigerant liquid that has flowed out is returned to the container bypassing the heat exchanger
- a refrigeration apparatus that is a flow path.
- the fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides the refrigeration apparatus in addition to the fourth aspect, wherein the flow path switching mechanism includes a three-way valve provided at a branch point between the heat exchange circuit and the heat storage path. It is desirable to use a three-way valve from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in the number of parts.
- the flow path switching mechanism is connected to the heat exchange circuit closer to the heat exchanger than a branch point between the heat exchange circuit and the heat storage path.
- a refrigeration apparatus including an on-off valve provided and another on-off valve provided in the heat storage flow path.
- the on-off valve is cheaper and more reliable than the three-way valve.
- the refrigerant liquid returned to the container via the heat exchange circuit or the heat storage path is inside the container.
- a refrigeration apparatus that is poured down from above is provided. In this way, the evaporation or condensation of the refrigerant can proceed efficiently. For example, even if a sufficient amount of solid refrigerant is stored inside the evaporator, the refrigerant liquid is poured onto the stored solid refrigerant one after another. Therefore, the gas-liquid interface necessary for the production of the solid refrigerant continues to be secured.
- the eighth aspect of the present disclosure includes, in addition to the second or third aspect, a pump that sucks and discharges the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator, and the heat exchanger while stopping the operation of the compressor.
- the thawing operation for circulating the refrigerant liquid in the heat exchange circuit, and the heat via the heat exchanger while cooling the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator by operating the compressor There is provided a refrigeration apparatus further comprising a control device for controlling the pump and the compressor so that a chasing operation for circulating the refrigerant liquid in an exchange circuit is selectively performed. By the action of the control device, the refrigeration device can be operated in an appropriate operation mode.
- the control device further passes the cold storage passage while cooling and solidifying the refrigerant liquid inside the evaporator by operating the compressor.
- a refrigeration apparatus is provided for controlling the pump and the compressor so that a cold storage operation for circulating the refrigerant liquid is selectively performed.
- the refrigeration device can be operated in an appropriate operation mode.
- a tenth aspect of the present disclosure includes, in addition to the second or third aspect, a heat absorption heat exchanger that heats the heat medium cooled by the heat exchanger, and the heat absorption heat exchanger passes through the heat absorption heat exchanger.
- a refrigeration apparatus further comprising an endothermic circulation path for circulating a heat medium. According to the endothermic circuit, the overall length of the heat exchange circuit can be shortened. This is significant when the refrigeration apparatus is operated under a pressure condition lower than atmospheric pressure.
- the eleventh aspect of the present disclosure provides the refrigeration apparatus in addition to the tenth aspect, wherein the heat-absorbing heat exchanger is an indoor heat exchanger that should be placed in the room to cool the room.
- the endothermic circuit is independent of the heat exchange circuit. Therefore, there is no technical difficulty in extending the flow path of the heat absorption circuit from the outside to the room, and the heat absorption heat exchanger is suitable as an indoor heat exchanger for cooling the room.
- a condenser that condenses the refrigerant vapor compressed by the compressor, and the refrigerant liquid stored in the condenser or heated by the condenser
- a heat dissipating heat exchanger for cooling the other heat medium, and further comprising a heat dissipating circuit for circulating the refrigerant liquid or the other heat medium via the heat dissipating heat exchanger
- a refrigeration apparatus is provided. According to the condenser and the heat radiation circuit, since the discharge pressure of the compressor can be set to a pressure sufficiently lower than the atmospheric pressure, the work of the compressor is greatly reduced, and the efficiency of the refrigeration apparatus is improved.
- a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure in addition to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, further includes a heat storage material disposed inside the container, and the heat storage body has a melting point different from the melting point of the refrigerant.
- a refrigeration apparatus including a latent heat storage material. According to the thirteenth aspect, heat or cold energy can be stored in the heat storage body using latent heat of vaporization or latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant.
- the container is a condenser that condenses the refrigerant vapor compressed by the compressor, and the heat storage channel uses the latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant liquid.
- operation for storing heat in the said condenser is provided.
- heat is stored in the condenser. The stored heat can be used to heat the object (such as indoor air).
- heat storage is used to mean both storing heat and storing cold energy.
- the refrigeration apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a main circuit 2, a heat radiation circuit 3, a heat exchange circuit 4, a heat absorption circuit 5, a cold storage channel 6 (heat storage channel), and a control device 24. I have. Both ends of the heat radiation circuit 3 are connected to the main circuit 2. Both ends of the heat exchange circuit 4 are also connected to the main circuit 2.
- the saturated vapor pressure at normal temperature (Japan Industrial Standard: 20 ° C ⁇ 15 ° C / JIS Z8703) is negative (absolute pressure is large) Refrigerant at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure) is filled.
- the refrigerant having a negative saturated vapor pressure at room temperature include a refrigerant containing water, alcohol or ether as a main component.
- the “main component” means a component that is contained most in mass ratio. A mixed refrigerant containing a plurality of types of refrigerants may be used.
- the refrigerant pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure at all positions of the main circuit 2.
- the main circuit 2 is a circuit for circulating the refrigerant, and includes an evaporator 11, a compressor 12, a condenser 13, and flow paths 2a to 2c.
- the evaporator 11, the compressor 12, and the condenser 13 are connected in a ring shape by flow paths 2a to 2c.
- the evaporator 11 and the condenser 13 are connected by the flow path 2c.
- the bottom of the evaporator 11 and the bottom of the condenser 13 are connected by the flow path 2c.
- the flow path 2 c is a refrigerant return path for returning the refrigerant liquid stored in the condenser 13 to the evaporator 11.
- the refrigerant return path may be provided with a decompression mechanism such as a capillary or an expansion valve.
- the flow paths 2a to 2c are each formed by one or a plurality of pipes (refrigerant pipes). The same applies to channels 3a to 3d, channels 4a to 4d, and channels 5a to 5c described later.
- the compressor 12 is connected to the evaporator 11 by the flow path 2a, and is connected to the condenser 13 by the flow path 2b.
- the compressor 12 sucks substantially saturated refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 11 and compresses it. High-temperature and superheated refrigerant vapor is discharged from the compressor 12 toward the condenser 13.
- the compressor 12 may be a positive displacement compressor or a speed compressor.
- the compressor 12 may be configured by a plurality of compressors connected in series or in parallel. When a plurality of compressors connected in series is used as the compressor 12, an intermediate cooler that cools the refrigerant vapor may be provided between the compressors.
- the intercooler may be air-cooled or water-cooled. If the intercooler is provided, the work of compression can be reduced, so that the efficiency of the refrigeration apparatus 100 is improved. Moreover, since the discharge temperature of the compressor 12 falls, the reliability of the compressor 12 also increases.
- the evaporator 11 is formed by, for example, a pressure-resistant container (vacuum container) having heat insulation properties.
- the evaporator 11 has not only a role of storing the refrigerant liquid but also a role of a cold storage tank (typically an ice storage tank).
- An upstream end and a downstream end of the heat exchange circuit 4 are connected to the evaporator 11. Specifically, the downstream end of the heat exchange circuit 4 is connected to the top of the evaporator 11, and the upstream end of the heat exchange circuit 4 is connected to the bottom of the evaporator 11.
- the evaporator 11 is configured such that the refrigerant liquid returned to the evaporator 11 from the heat exchange circuit 4 flows down the internal space of the evaporator 11.
- the refrigerant liquid may be sprayed from the downstream end of the heat exchange circuit 4 toward the internal space of the evaporator 11.
- the refrigerant liquid discharged from the downstream end of the heat exchange circuit 4 evaporates by the pressure reducing action of the compressor 12.
- the remaining refrigerant (refrigerant liquid) is directly cooled by latent heat of vaporization.
- a part of the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator 11 is solidified inside the evaporator 11.
- a solid refrigerant for example, ice
- cold heat is stored inside by utilizing the latent heat of the refrigerant (the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant liquid).
- the compressor 12 generates latent heat of the refrigerant.
- the downstream end of the heat exchange circuit 4 is positioned above the evaporator 12, and the refrigerant liquid circulated through the heat exchange circuit 4 and returned to the evaporator 11 is It is poured from top to bottom inside. In this way, even if a sufficient amount of solid refrigerant is stored in the evaporator 11, the refrigerant liquid is poured onto the stored solid refrigerant one after another. Therefore, the gas-liquid interface necessary for the production of the solid refrigerant continues to be secured.
- a filler for forming a liquid film from the refrigerant liquid discharged from the downstream end of the heat exchange circuit 4 may be disposed.
- the filler any of regular fillers and irregular fillers can be used.
- the ordered filler an ordered filler obtained by laminating a plurality of plates having a corrugated surface can be used.
- the irregular filler an irregular filler obtained by irregularly combining a plurality of hollow and cylindrical structures can be used.
- a filter 11 a is provided at the lower part of the evaporator 11.
- the filter 11 a can prevent the solid refrigerant from being sucked into the heat exchange circuit 4.
- An example of the filter 11a is a mesh made of a corrosion resistant material such as metal or resin. Although there may be a sherbet-like solid refrigerant, only the refrigerant liquid is generally stored below the filter 11a.
- the upstream end (inlet) of the heat exchange circuit 4 is located below the filter 11a in the vertical direction. According to such a positional relationship, only the refrigerant liquid can be selectively supplied to the heat exchange circuit 4.
- the bottom of the evaporator 11 (for example, below the filter 11a) is agitated for agitating the stored refrigerant liquid.
- a machine may be provided.
- the inlet of the flow path 2a is located above the downstream end of the heat exchange circuit 4 in the vertical direction. As a result, the refrigerant liquid can be prevented from being directly sucked into the compressor 12.
- the condenser 13 is formed by, for example, a pressure-resistant container (vacuum container) having heat insulation properties.
- the condenser 13 plays a role of condensing the refrigerant vapor compressed by the compressor 11.
- An upstream end and a downstream end of the heat radiation circuit 3 are connected to the condenser 13.
- the downstream end of the heat dissipation circuit 3 is connected to the upper portion of the condenser 13, and the upstream end of the heat dissipation circuit 3 is connected to the bottom of the condenser 13.
- the condenser 13 is configured such that the refrigerant liquid returned to the condenser 13 from the heat radiation circuit 3 flows down the internal space of the condenser 13.
- the superheated refrigerant vapor discharged from the compressor 11 directly contacts the refrigerant liquid flowing down the internal space of the evaporator 11 and condenses.
- the refrigerant vapor When the refrigerant vapor is liquefied, latent heat is given to the refrigerant liquid flowing down the internal space of the evaporator 11.
- a high-temperature refrigerant liquid is generated. That is, heat is stored in the condenser 13 using the latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant liquid.
- the refrigerant liquid may be sprayed from the downstream end of the heat radiation circuit 3 toward the internal space of the condenser 13. In the condenser 13, a packing similar to the evaporator 11 may be disposed.
- the heat radiation circuit 3 is formed by a pump 15, an outdoor heat exchanger 14 (heat radiation heat exchanger), and flow paths 3a to 3c.
- the refrigerant liquid stored in the condenser 13 circulates in the heat radiation circuit 3 via the outdoor heat exchanger 14 by the action of the pump 15.
- the refrigerant liquid radiates heat to the outside air in the outdoor heat exchanger 14 and is cooled.
- a plate heat exchanger may be used as the outdoor heat exchanger 14.
- the refrigerant liquid can be cooled with cold water supplied from the cooling tower to the plate heat exchanger.
- the pump 15 may be a positive displacement pump or a speed pump. From the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of bubbles, it is desirable that the pump 15 is disposed below the condenser 13 in the vertical direction.
- a plurality of pumps connected in series or in parallel may be used as the pump 15.
- the condenser 13 As will be described later, if an amount of refrigerant corresponding to the refrigerant vapor sucked into the compressor 12 is sequentially supplied to the evaporator 11, the condenser 13, the heat radiation circuit 3 and the flow path 2c can be omitted.
- the discharge pressure of the compressor 12 can be set to a pressure sufficiently lower than the atmospheric pressure, so the work of the compressor 12 is greatly reduced.
- the efficiency of the refrigeration apparatus 100 is improved.
- the condenser 13 is not necessarily a direct contact heat exchanger, and may be an indirect heat exchanger.
- the heat medium heated inside the condenser 13 circulates in the heat radiation circuit 3 and is cooled in the outdoor heat exchanger 14.
- the heat medium water, ethylene glycol, a mixture thereof or the like can be used.
- the condenser 13 may be constituted by an ejector and an extraction container.
- the ejector plays a role of generating a refrigerant mixture using the refrigerant vapor compressed by the compressor 12 and the refrigerant liquid flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 14.
- the extraction container receives a refrigerant mixture from the ejector and plays a role of extracting refrigerant liquid from the refrigerant mixture.
- the heat exchange circuit 4 is formed by a pump 16, a heat exchanger 20, and channels 4a to 4d.
- a three-way valve 17 is disposed in the heat exchange circuit 4.
- the heat exchange circuit 4 is a circuit for circulating the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator 11 via the heat exchanger 20. As will be described later, by using the heat exchange circuit 4, the cooling operation (thawing operation) and the chasing operation can be selectively performed.
- the flow paths 4a to 4c form a feed flow path that connects the inlet of the heat exchanger 20 and the evaporator 11 (specifically, the lower portion of the evaporator 11).
- the flow path 4d forms a return flow path that connects the outlet of the heat exchanger 20 and the evaporator 11 (specifically, the upper part of the evaporator 11).
- the cold storage channel 6 connects the feed channel and the return channel.
- the pump 16 sucks and discharges the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator 11. As described above, since almost only the refrigerant liquid is supplied to the heat exchange circuit 4, the pump 16 does not need to be a special pump (for example, a slurry pump). This contributes to cost reduction of the refrigeration apparatus 100.
- the pump 16 may be a positive displacement pump or a speed pump. From the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of bubbles, it is desirable that the pump 16 is disposed below the evaporator 11 in the vertical direction. A plurality of pumps connected in series or in parallel may be used as the pump 16.
- the refrigerant liquid discharged from the pump 16 is selectively supplied to either the heat exchanger 20 or the cold storage passage 6 by the action of the three-way valve 17. That is, the three-way valve 17 serves as a flow path switching mechanism that switches the flow path of the refrigerant liquid.
- the flow path switching mechanism selects either the heat exchange circuit 4 or the heat storage flow path 6 as a flow path through which the refrigerant liquid that has flowed out of the evaporator 11 should flow.
- the heat exchanger 20 is, for example, a plate heat exchanger.
- the cold storage passage 6 is a passage used in a cold storage operation for storing a solid refrigerant in the evaporator 11.
- the cold storage passage 6 is configured such that the refrigerant liquid flowing out of the evaporator 11 is returned to the evaporator 11 without passing through the heat exchanger 20.
- the refrigerant liquid flowing out of the evaporator 11 bypasses the heat exchanger 20 and is returned to the evaporator 11 between the upstream end of the heat exchange circuit 4 and the inlet of the heat exchanger 20.
- the cold storage passage 6 branches off from the heat exchange circuit 4.
- the three-way valve 17 as a flow path switching mechanism plays a role of selecting either the heat exchange circuit 4 or the cold storage path 6 as a flow path through which the refrigerant liquid flowing out from the evaporator 11 should flow.
- the three-way valve 17 includes an operation mode (cooling operation or chasing operation) in which the refrigerant liquid flowing out from the evaporator 11 is supplied to the heat exchanger 20, and the refrigerant liquid flowing out from the evaporator 11 into the cold storage passage 6. It is used to switch between supplied operation modes (cold storage operation). By flowing the refrigerant liquid through the cold storage passage 6 so as to bypass the heat exchanger 20, the pressure loss of the refrigerant liquid can be reduced.
- the flow path switching mechanism such as the three-way valve 17, the refrigerant liquid can be selectively passed through a desired flow path, so that the operation mode can be switched reliably.
- a three-way valve 17 provided at a branch point between the heat exchange circuit 4 and the cold storage channel 6 is used as the channel switching mechanism.
- the two-way valve 17 can be replaced with two on-off valves.
- the cold storage passage 6 is branched from the heat exchange circuit 4 between the outlet of the pump 16 and the inlet of the heat exchanger 20.
- the refrigerant liquid can be selectively supplied to the cold storage passage 6 and the heat exchanger 20 with one pump 16. This contributes to a reduction in the number of pumps and, in turn, a reduction in the cost of the refrigeration apparatus 100.
- a dedicated pump may be provided for each of the cold storage passage 6 and the heat exchange circulation passage 4.
- the cold storage passage 6 joins the heat exchange circuit 4 between the outlet of the heat exchanger 20 and the downstream end of the heat exchange circuit 4. According to such a configuration, the total length of the heat exchange circuit 4 and the cold storage channel 6 can be shortened. However, the downstream end of the cold storage passage 6 may be directly connected to the evaporator 11.
- the heat absorption circuit 5 is formed by a pump 18, a load side heat exchanger 19 (heat absorption heat exchanger), and flow paths 5a to 5c.
- the upstream end and the downstream end of the heat absorption circuit 5 are each connected to the heat exchanger 20.
- the endothermic circulation path 5 is filled with a liquid heat medium such as brine.
- brine is an aqueous ethylene glycol solution.
- the load side heat exchanger 19 a finned tube heat exchanger provided with a blower can be suitably used.
- the load side heat exchanger 19 may be a radiation panel using radiation.
- the load-side heat exchanger 19 can be an indoor heat exchanger that should be placed indoors to cool the room.
- the pump 18 may be a positive displacement pump or a speed pump. A plurality of pumps connected in series or in parallel may be used as the pump 18.
- the total length of the heat exchange circuit 4 (the total length of the channels 4a to 4d) can be shortened. This is significant when the refrigeration apparatus 100 is operated under a pressure condition lower than atmospheric pressure.
- the endothermic circulation path 5 is a circulation path through which a liquid heat medium such as brine circulates, and is independent of the heat exchange circulation path 4, the main circuit 2, and the heat radiation circulation path 3. Therefore, there is no technical difficulty in extending the flow paths 5a and 5b of the endothermic circulation path 5 from the outdoor to the indoor, and the load-side heat exchanger 19 is suitable as an indoor heat exchanger for cooling the room. ing.
- the control device 24 controls the compressor 12, the pump 15, the pump 16, the pump 18, and the three-way valve 17.
- a DSP Digital Signal Processor
- the control device 24 stores a program for operating the refrigeration apparatus 100 appropriately.
- the refrigeration apparatus 100 further includes a cold storage sensor 22.
- the cold storage sensor 22 is a temperature sensor, and is disposed inside the evaporator 11 so as to measure the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator 11.
- the cold storage sensor 22 is disposed below the filter 11a.
- the detection value of the cold storage sensor 22 indicates a temperature near the melting point of the refrigerant.
- the temperature of the refrigerant liquid rises. Therefore, the detection value of the cold storage sensor 22 indicates a temperature higher than the melting point of the refrigerant.
- the detected value of the cold storage sensor 22 indicates a temperature lower than the melting point of the refrigerant.
- the situation in the evaporator 11 can be known.
- the output signal of the cold storage sensor 22 is input to the control device 24.
- the control device 24 can switch the operation mode from one operation mode to another operation mode based on the detection result of the cold storage sensor 22.
- the control device 24 can also stop the operation of the refrigeration apparatus 100 based on the detection result of the cold storage sensor 22.
- the refrigeration apparatus 100 is operated in any one of a cold storage operation, a cooling operation (thawing operation), and a chasing operation.
- a cold storage operation is performed at night, and a cooling operation is performed during the day.
- the cold storage operation is an operation in which the refrigerant liquid is circulated through the cold storage passage 6 while the refrigerant liquid is cooled and solidified inside the evaporator 11 by operating the compressor 12.
- the cooling operation is an operation in which the refrigerant liquid is circulated through the heat exchange circuit 4 via the heat exchanger 20 while the operation of the compressor 12 is stopped.
- the chasing operation is an operation in which the refrigerant liquid is circulated through the heat exchange circuit 4 via the heat exchanger 20 while the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator 11 is cooled by operating the compressor 12.
- the control device 24 controls the pump 15, the pump 16, the pump 18, the three-way valve 17, and the compressor 12 so that the cold storage operation, the cooling operation, and the chasing operation are selectively performed.
- the refrigeration apparatus 100 can be operated in an appropriate operation mode by the action of the control device 24.
- the rotation speed of the compressor 12 is adjusted so that the temperature inside the evaporator 11 is equal to or lower than the melting point of the refrigerant (for example, 0 ° C. or lower).
- the refrigerant liquid is solidified inside the evaporator 11 and the refrigerating capacity corresponding to the latent heat (and sensible heat) of the refrigerant is stored.
- the cold storage operation is ended when, for example, the operation time of the compressor 12 reaches a set time. Whether or not the cold storage operation should be terminated may be determined based on the detection result of the cold storage sensor 22.
- the heat medium cooled by the heat exchanger 20 is transferred to the load-side heat exchanger 19 by the pump 18 and takes heat from the indoor air. As a result, the temperature in the room decreases.
- the cooling operation is selected until the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator 11 reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 4 ° C.). As described above, the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator 11 is detected by the cold storage sensor 22.
- another temperature may be used as an index for determining whether or not the cooling operation should be terminated.
- the temperature of the refrigerant liquid in the flow paths 4a to 4c from the refrigerant liquid outlet of the evaporator 11 to the inlet of the heat exchanger 20 or the temperature of the refrigerant pipe forming the flow paths 4a to 4c can be used as the index.
- the temperature of the heat medium in the flow paths 5a and 5b from the upstream end of the heat absorption circuit 5 to the inlet of the load-side heat exchanger 19 may be used as the index.
- the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator 11 may be estimated from these temperatures, and the estimated temperature may be used as the index.
- the rotation speed of the compressor 12 is adjusted so that the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator 11 approaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 4 ° C.).
- a predetermined temperature for example, 4 ° C.
- the compressor 12 may be controlled using another temperature described above.
- the cooling operation is terminated and the compressor 12 is started.
- the chasing operation can be performed. That is, the operation mode is switched from the cooling operation to the chasing operation.
- a slurry pump for conveying the solid refrigerant is not essential. Therefore, the cost reduction of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 by reducing the number of parts can be expected.
- the refrigeration apparatus 102 includes open / close valves 26 and 28 instead of the three-way valve 17 as a flow path switching mechanism used when switching the operation mode.
- One on-off valve 26 is provided in the heat exchange circuit 4 closer to the heat exchanger 20 than the branch point P between the heat exchange circuit 4 and the cold storage channel 6.
- the opening / closing valve 26 is provided in the flow path 4b connecting the outlet of the pump 16 and the inlet of the heat exchanger 20.
- the other on-off valve 28 is provided in the cold storage passage 6.
- the on-off valves 26 and 28 are provided at these positions, all the operation modes can be implemented by disposing the pump 16 in the heat exchange circuit 4 upstream from the branch point P. Moreover, the on-off valve is cheaper and more reliable than the three-way valve. In particular, when the refrigeration apparatus 102 is operated under a pressure condition lower than atmospheric pressure, it is desirable to use an on-off valve from the viewpoint of further improving the reliability.
- the refrigeration apparatus 104 of the present modification is different from the refrigeration apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 in that the endothermic circuit 5 is not provided. That is, the heat exchanger 20 in the heat exchange circuit 4 can be used as an indoor heat exchanger. Since the endothermic circulation path 5 is omitted, this modification is advantageous in terms of the number of parts. However, the endothermic circuit 5 is effective as a means for shortening the vacuum line as much as possible. Other structures of the refrigeration apparatus 104 are the same as those of the refrigeration apparatus 100.
- the refrigeration apparatus 106 includes a plurality of heat accumulators 34 disposed inside the evaporator 11.
- the heat storage body 34 is comprised by the container and the latent heat storage material accommodated in the container, for example.
- the container include a container made of a laminate film and a capsule made of a resin.
- the melting point of the latent heat storage material is different from the melting point of the refrigerant.
- the melting point of the latent heat storage material is higher than the melting point of the refrigerant. For example, when the melting point of the refrigerant is 0 ° C., a latent heat storage material having a melting point in the range of 5 to 10 ° C.
- the refrigerant liquid and the cold storage body 34 can be cooled using the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant, and cold heat can be stored in the heat storage body 34.
- the latent heat storage material of the heat storage body 34 can be solidified even when the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the evaporator 11 is higher than the melting point of the refrigerant. That is, the work of the compressor 12 can be reduced by increasing the pressure on the low pressure side of the refrigeration cycle.
- the kind of latent-heat storage material of the thermal storage body 34 can be changed as needed, the freedom degree of design of the freezing apparatus 106 is high.
- the refrigeration apparatus 108 of the present modification is different from the refrigeration apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 in that the condenser 13, the heat radiation circuit 3, and the flow path 2c are not provided.
- the outlet pressure of the compressor 12 is equal to atmospheric pressure. That is, the refrigerating apparatus 108 employs an open cycle that releases compressed refrigerant vapor to the atmosphere.
- a refrigerant replenishment path 32 for sequentially replenishing the evaporator 11 with a refrigerant liquid (for example, water) is connected to the evaporator 11.
- the refrigeration apparatus 110 of Reference Example 1 is the refrigeration apparatus 100, 102, 104 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 in that the cold storage passage 6 is separated from the heat exchange circuit 4. , 106 and 108.
- the cold storage channel 6 (heat storage circuit) is formed by the pump 30, the channel 6a, and the channel 6b.
- the pump 30 is a pump dedicated to the cold storage passage 6.
- the upstream end of the cold storage passage 6 is connected to the bottom of the evaporator 11, and the downstream end is connected to the top of the evaporator 11.
- the structure of the heat exchange circuit 4 is as described with reference to FIG. 1 except that the three-way valve 17 is omitted.
- the pump 16 is a pump dedicated to the heat exchange circuit 4.
- the cold storage flow path 6 does not share the heat exchange circuit 4 with the flow path and the pump.
- a flow path switching mechanism such as a three-way valve or an on-off valve is not necessary.
- the refrigerant liquid circulated through the heat exchange circuit 4 and returned to the evaporator 11 is poured into the evaporator 11 from above to below.
- the refrigerant liquid circulated through the cold storage channel 6 (cold storage circuit) and returned to the evaporator 11 is also poured from the top to the bottom inside the evaporator 11. Therefore, the refrigeration apparatus 106 of the present modification can be operated in three operation modes in the same manner as the refrigeration apparatus 100 described above.
- the cold storage passage 6 may join the heat exchange circuit 4 on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 20. That is, the flow path 6 b of the cold storage flow path 6 may be connected to the flow path 4 c of the heat exchange circuit 4. In this case, since the flow path for returning the refrigerant liquid to the inside of the evaporator 11 can be unified, the structure of the piping inside the evaporator 11 can be simplified.
- the refrigeration apparatus 100 As described above, the refrigeration apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment is configured to store heat (cold heat) in the evaporator 11 using the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant.
- the refrigeration apparatus 200 of the present embodiment is configured to store heat inside the condenser 13 by using the latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant.
- the heat radiation circuit 3 is formed by a pump 15, a heat exchanger 14 (indoor heat exchanger), and flow paths 3a to 3d.
- a three-way valve 38 is disposed in the heat dissipation circuit 3.
- the heat radiation circuit 3 is a circuit that circulates the refrigerant liquid stored in the condenser 13 via the heat exchanger 14.
- the flow paths 3a to 3c form a feed flow path that connects the inlet of the heat exchanger 14 and the condenser 13 (specifically, the lower part of the condenser 13).
- the flow path 3d forms a return flow path that connects the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 and the condenser 13 (specifically, the upper part of the condenser 13).
- the feed channel and the return channel are connected by a heat storage channel 40.
- the refrigerant liquid discharged from the pump 15 is selectively supplied to either the heat exchanger 14 or the heat storage passage 40 by the action of the three-way valve 38. That is, the three-way valve 38 serves as a flow path switching mechanism that switches the flow path of the refrigerant liquid.
- the refrigeration apparatus 200 further includes a heat storage sensor 42.
- the heat storage sensor 42 is a temperature sensor, and is disposed inside the condenser 13 so as to measure the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the condenser 13.
- the heat storage channel 40 is a channel used in a heat storage operation for storing a high-temperature refrigerant liquid in the condenser 13.
- the heat storage channel 40 is configured such that the refrigerant liquid flowing out of the condenser 13 is returned to the condenser 13 without passing through the heat exchanger 14.
- the upstream end of the heat radiation circuit 3 (heat exchange circuit) and the heat exchanger 14 are connected so that the refrigerant liquid flowing out from the condenser 13 bypasses the heat exchanger 14 and is returned to the condenser 13.
- a heat storage channel 40 branches from the heat radiation circuit 3 between the inlet and the inlet.
- the three-way valve 38 as a flow path switching mechanism plays a role of selecting either the heat radiation circulation path 3 or the heat storage flow path 40 as a flow path through which the refrigerant liquid flowing out from the condenser 13 should flow.
- the three-way valve 38 has an operation mode (heating operation or chasing operation) in which the refrigerant liquid flowing out from the condenser 13 is supplied to the heat exchanger 14, and the refrigerant liquid flowing out from the condenser 13 into the heat storage passage 40. It is used to switch between the supplied operation mode (heat storage operation).
- the flow path switching mechanism such as the three-way valve 38, the refrigerant liquid can be selectively passed through the desired flow path, so that the operation mode can be switched reliably.
- the three-way valve 38 provided at the branch point between the heat radiation circuit 3 and the heat storage channel 40 is used as the channel switching mechanism. As described above, the three-way valve 38 can be replaced with two on-off valves.
- the heat storage channel 40 is branched from the heat radiation circuit 3 between the outlet of the pump 15 and the inlet of the heat exchanger 14.
- the refrigerant liquid can be selectively supplied to the heat storage flow path 40 and the heat exchanger 14 by one pump 15. This contributes to a reduction in the number of pumps and, in turn, to a reduction in the cost of the refrigeration apparatus 200.
- a dedicated pump may be provided in each of the heat storage flow path 40 and the heat radiation circulation path 3.
- the heat storage passage 40 joins the heat radiation circuit 3 between the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 and the downstream end of the heat radiation circuit 3. According to such a configuration, the total length of the heat radiation circuit 3 and the heat storage channel 40 can be shortened. However, the downstream end of the heat storage channel 40 may be directly connected to the condenser 13.
- the heat storage body 36 includes, for example, a container and a latent heat storage material accommodated in the container.
- the container include a container made of a laminate film and a capsule made of a resin.
- a latent heat storage material having a melting point in the range of 40 to 50 ° C. can be used for the heat storage body 36.
- the heat storage body 36 can be heated using the latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant, and heat can be stored in the heat storage body 36.
- the condenser 13 can be downsized as compared with the case where only the sensible heat of the refrigerant liquid is used.
- the heat storage body 36 is not essential for the refrigeration apparatus 200.
- a high-temperature refrigerant liquid may be stored in the condenser 13 using the latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant, and a heating operation described later may be performed using the sensible heat of the refrigerant liquid.
- a heat exchange circuit may be provided separately from the heat dissipation circuit 3 in this embodiment.
- Heat storage operation In the heat storage operation, a high-temperature refrigerant liquid is stored in the condenser 13. In the heat storage operation, the compressor 12, the pump 15, and the pump 18 are operated. The three-way valve 38 is set to a state in which the refrigerant liquid discharged from the pump 15 bypasses the heat exchanger 14 and flows into the heat storage passage 40. Since the refrigerant liquid bypasses the heat exchanger 14 and flows through the heat storage passage 40, the pressure loss of the refrigerant liquid can be reduced. That is, the power required for the pump 15 can be reduced, and the efficiency of the refrigeration apparatus 200 is improved.
- the refrigerant vapor condenses inside the condenser 13, and the heating capacity corresponding to the latent heat of condensation of the refrigerant is stored.
- the heat storage operation ends when, for example, the operation time of the compressor 12 reaches a set time. Whether or not the heat storage operation should be terminated may be determined based on the detection result of the cold storage sensor 42.
- Heating operation In the heating operation, indoor air is heated using the high-temperature refrigerant liquid and the heat storage body 36 stored in the condenser 13.
- the pump 15 In the heating operation, the pump 15 is operated.
- the three-way valve 38 is set to a state in which the refrigerant liquid discharged from the pump 15 circulates through the heat radiation circuit 3 via the heat exchanger 14.
- the high-temperature refrigerant liquid is conveyed to the heat exchanger 14 by the pump 15 and heats indoor air. This increases the indoor temperature.
- the heating operation is selected until the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the condenser 13 is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature (for example, 35 ° C.).
- This predetermined temperature may be a temperature lower than the melting point of the latent heat storage material used for the heat storage body 36. That is, in the heating operation, the latent heat of the latent heat storage material can be used.
- the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the condenser 13 another temperature may be used as an index for determining whether or not the heating operation should be terminated.
- the temperature of the refrigerant liquid in the flow paths 3a to 3c from the refrigerant liquid outlet of the condenser 13 to the inlet of the heat exchanger 14 or the temperature of the refrigerant pipe forming the flow paths 3a to 3c can be used as the index.
- the temperature of the refrigerant liquid stored in the condenser 13 may be estimated from these temperatures, and the estimated temperature may be used as the index.
- the heating operation is terminated and the compressor 12 is started.
- the chasing operation can be performed. That is, the operation mode is switched from the heating operation to the chasing operation.
- the cost of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 200 can be expected to be reduced by reducing the number of parts.
- the technology disclosed in this specification is useful for air conditioners such as home air conditioners and commercial air conditioners.
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Abstract
Description
冷媒の潜熱を利用し、内部に蓄熱する容器と、
前記容器に接続され、前記冷媒の潜熱を発生させる圧縮機と、
熱交換器と、前記熱交換器の入口と前記容器とを接続する送り流路と、前記熱交換器の出口と前記容器とを接続する戻し流路とを有し、前記熱交換器を経由して、前記容器に貯留された冷媒液を循環させる熱交換循環路と、
前記容器に蓄熱するための蓄熱運転で使用される流路であって、前記送り流路と前記戻し流路とを接続し、前記容器から流出した前記冷媒液が前記熱交換器を経由することなく前記容器に戻されるように構成された蓄熱流路と、
前記蒸発器から流出した前記冷媒液を流すべき流路として、前記熱交換循環路と前記蓄熱流路とのいずれか一方を選択する流路切替機構と、
を備えた、冷凍装置を提供する。
冷媒の潜熱を利用し、内部に蓄熱する容器と、
前記容器に接続され、前記冷媒の潜熱を発生させる圧縮機と、
熱交換器と、前記熱交換器の入口と前記容器とを接続する送り流路と、前記熱交換器の出口と前記容器とを接続する戻し流路とを有し、前記熱交換器を経由して、前記容器に貯留された冷媒液を循環させる熱交換循環路と、
前記容器に蓄熱するための蓄熱運転で使用される流路であって、前記送り流路と前記戻し流路とを接続し、前記容器から流出した前記冷媒液が前記熱交換器を経由することなく前記容器に戻されるように構成された蓄熱流路と、
前記蒸発器から流出した前記冷媒液を流すべき流路として、前記熱交換循環路と前記蓄熱流路とのいずれか一方を選択する流路切替機構と、
を備えた、冷凍装置を提供する。
図1に示すように、本実施形態の冷凍装置100は、主回路2、放熱循環路3、熱交換循環路4、吸熱循環路5、蓄冷流路6(蓄熱流路)及び制御装置24を備えている。放熱循環路3の両端は主回路2に接続されている。熱交換循環路4の両端も主回路2に接続されている。
蓄冷運転では、蒸発器11に固体の冷媒が蓄えられる。蓄冷運転では、圧縮機12、ポンプ15及びポンプ16が運転される。三方弁17は、ポンプ16から吐出された冷媒液が熱交換器20をバイパスして蓄冷流路6に流れる状態に設定される。冷媒液が熱交換器20をバイパスして蓄冷流路6を流れるので、冷媒液の圧力損失を減らすことができる。つまり、ポンプ16に必要な動力を減らすことができ、ひいては冷凍装置100の効率が向上する。圧縮機12の回転数は、蒸発器11の内部の温度が冷媒の融点以下(例えば0℃以下)となるように調節される。蒸発器11の内部で冷媒液が凝固し、冷媒の潜熱(及び顕熱)に相当する冷凍能力が蓄えられる。蓄冷運転は、例えば、圧縮機12の運転時間が設定時間に達した場合に終了する。蓄冷センサ22の検出結果に基づいて蓄冷運転を終了すべきかどうかを判断してもよい。
冷房運転では、蒸発器11に蓄えられた固体の冷媒が溶けることによって得られた低温の冷媒液を使用して室内の空気を冷却する。冷房運転では、ポンプ16及びポンプ18が運転される。三方弁17は、ポンプ16から吐出された冷媒液が熱交換器20を経由して熱交換循環路4を循環する状態に設定される。蒸発器11の内部で固体の冷媒が溶けることによって低温の冷媒液が生成する。低温の冷媒液は、ポンプ16によって熱交換器20に搬送され、吸熱循環路5の中の熱媒体(例えば、ブライン)を冷却する。熱交換器20で冷却された熱媒体は、ポンプ18によって負荷側熱交換器19に搬送され、室内の空気から熱を奪う。これにより、室内の温度が下がる。蒸発器11に貯留された冷媒液の温度が所定温度(例えば4℃)に達するまで冷房運転が選択される。先に説明したように、蒸発器11に貯留された冷媒液の温度は、蓄冷センサ22によって検出される。
追い掛け運転では、圧縮機12、ポンプ15、ポンプ16及びポンプ18が運転される。三方弁17は、ポンプ16から吐出された冷媒液が熱交換器20を経由して熱交換循環路4を循環する状態に設定される。冷房負荷が存在し、かつ蒸発器11に貯留された冷媒液の温度が所定温度(例えば4℃)以上である場合、冷凍サイクル装置100の運転モードとして追い掛け運転が選択される。「冷房負荷が存在する場合」とは、冷房を継続する必要がある場合を意味する。追い掛け運転において、圧縮機12の回転数は、蒸発器11に貯留された冷媒液の温度が所定温度(例えば4℃)に近づくように調節される。もちろん、蒸発器11に貯留された冷媒液の温度に代えて、先に説明した別の温度を使用して圧縮機12の制御を行ってもよい。
図2に示すように、本変形例の冷凍装置102は、運転モードを切り替えるときに使用される流路切替機構として、三方弁17に代えて、開閉弁26及び28を備えている。一方の開閉弁26は、熱交換循環路4と蓄冷流路6との分岐点Pよりも熱交換器20の近くで熱交換循環路4に設けられている。本実施形態では、分岐点Pよりも下流側において、ポンプ16の出口と熱交換器20の入口とを接続している流路4bに開閉弁26が設けられている。他方の開閉弁28は、蓄冷流路6に設けられている。これらの位置に開閉弁26及び28が設けられている場合、分岐点Pよりも上流側において熱交換循環路4にポンプ16を配置することによって、全ての運転モードを実施することができる。また、開閉弁は、三方弁よりも安価であり、信頼性も高い。特に、冷凍装置102が大気圧よりも低い圧力条件で運転される場合、信頼性をより高める観点で開閉弁を使用することが望ましい。
図3に示すように、本変形例の冷凍装置104は、吸熱循環路5を備えていない点で図1に示す冷凍装置100と相違する。すなわち、熱交換循環路4の熱交換器20を室内熱交換器として使用できる。吸熱循環路5が省略されているので、本変形例は、部品点数の観点で有利である。ただし、真空ラインをなるべく短くするための手段として、吸熱循環路5は有効である。冷凍装置104のその他の構造は、冷凍装置100と同じである。
図4に示すように、本変形例の冷凍装置106は、蒸発器11の内部に配置された複数の蓄熱体34を備えている。蓄熱体34は、例えば、容器と、容器に収容された潜熱蓄熱材とで構成されている。容器としては、ラミネートフィルムで作られた容器、樹脂で作られたカプセルなどが挙げられる。潜熱蓄熱材の融点は、冷媒の融点とは異なる。本変形例では、潜熱蓄熱材の融点は、冷媒の融点よりも高い。例えば、冷媒の融点が0℃であるとき、5~10℃の範囲に融点を有する潜熱蓄熱材を蓄熱体34に使用できる。本変形例によれば、冷媒の蒸発潜熱を利用して冷媒液及び蓄冷体34を冷却し、蓄熱体34に冷熱を蓄えることができる。特に、本変形例によれば、蒸発器11に貯留された冷媒液の温度が冷媒の融点よりも高い場合でも、蓄熱体34の潜熱蓄熱材を凝固させることができる。つまり、冷凍サイクルの低圧側の圧力を上げて圧縮機12の仕事量を減らすことができる。また、本変形例によれば、必要に応じて蓄熱体34の潜熱蓄熱材の種類を変更できるので、冷凍装置106の設計の自由度は高い。
図5に示すように、本変形例の冷凍装置108は、凝縮器13、放熱循環路3及び流路2cを備えていない点で図1に示す冷凍装置100と相違する。圧縮機12の出口圧力は大気圧に等しい。つまり、冷凍装置108には、圧縮された冷媒蒸気を大気下に放出する開放サイクルが採用されている。冷媒戻し路としての流路2cの代わりに、蒸発器11に冷媒液(例えば、水)を逐次補給するための冷媒補給路32が蒸発器11に接続されている。
図6に示すように、参考例1の冷凍装置110は、蓄冷流路6が熱交換循環路4から分離されている点で図1~5を参照して説明した冷凍装置100,102,104,106及び108と相違する。蓄冷流路6(蓄熱循環路)は、ポンプ30、流路6a及び流路6bによって形成されている。ポンプ30は、蓄冷流路6に専用のポンプである。蓄冷流路6の上流端は蒸発器11の底部に接続され、下流端は蒸発器11の上部に接続されている。他方、熱交換循環路4の構造は、三方弁17が省略されている点を除き、図1を参照して説明した通りである。ポンプ16は、熱交換循環路4に専用のポンプである。このように、本変形例において、蓄冷流路6は、熱交換循環路4と流路及びポンプを共有していない。本変形例によれば、三方弁、開閉弁などの流路切替機構が不要である。
先に説明したように、第1実施形態の冷凍装置100は、冷媒の蒸発潜熱を利用し、蒸発器11の内部に熱(冷熱)を蓄えるように構成されている。これに対し、本実施形態の冷凍装置200は、冷媒の凝縮潜熱を利用し、凝縮器13の内部に熱を蓄えるように構成されている。
蓄熱運転では、凝縮器13に高温の冷媒液が蓄えられる。蓄熱運転では、圧縮機12、ポンプ15及びポンプ18が運転される。三方弁38は、ポンプ15から吐出された冷媒液が熱交換器14をバイパスして蓄熱流路40に流れる状態に設定される。冷媒液が熱交換器14をバイパスして蓄熱流路40を流れるので、冷媒液の圧力損失を減らすことができる。つまり、ポンプ15に必要な動力を減らすことができ、ひいては冷凍装置200の効率が向上する。凝縮器13の内部で冷媒蒸気が凝縮し、冷媒の凝縮潜熱に相当する加熱能力が蓄えられる。蓄熱運転は、例えば、圧縮機12の運転時間が設定時間に達した場合に終了する。蓄冷センサ42の検出結果に基づいて蓄熱運転を終了すべきかどうかを判断してもよい。
暖房運転では、凝縮器13に蓄えられた高温の冷媒液及び蓄熱体36を使用して室内の空気を加熱する。暖房運転では、ポンプ15が運転される。三方弁38は、ポンプ15から吐出された冷媒液が熱交換器14を経由して放熱循環路3を循環する状態に設定される。高温の冷媒液は、ポンプ15によって熱交換器14に搬送され、室内の空気を加熱する。これにより、室内の温度が上がる。凝縮器13に貯留された冷媒液の温度が所定温度(例えば35℃)以下になるまで暖房運転が選択される。この所定温度は、蓄熱体36に使用された潜熱蓄熱材の融点よりも低い温度でありうる。つまり、暖房運転では、潜熱蓄熱材の潜熱を使用できる。
追い掛け運転では、圧縮機12、ポンプ15及びポンプ18が運転される。三方弁38は、ポンプ15から吐出された冷媒液が熱交換器14を経由して放熱循環路3を循環する状態に設定される。暖房負荷が存在し、かつ凝縮器13に貯留された冷媒液の温度が所定温度(例えば35℃)以下である場合、冷凍サイクル装置200の運転モードとして追い掛け運転が選択される。「暖房負荷が存在する場合」とは、暖房を継続する必要がある場合を意味する。
Claims (14)
- 冷媒の潜熱を利用し、内部に蓄熱する容器と、
前記容器に接続され、前記冷媒の潜熱を発生させる圧縮機と、
熱交換器と、前記熱交換器の入口と前記容器とを接続する送り流路と、前記熱交換器の出口と前記容器とを接続する戻し流路とを有し、前記熱交換器を経由して、前記容器に貯留された冷媒液を循環させる熱交換循環路と、
前記容器に蓄熱するための蓄熱運転で使用される流路であって、前記送り流路と前記戻し流路とを接続し、前記容器から流出した前記冷媒液が前記熱交換器を経由することなく前記容器に戻されるように構成された蓄熱流路と、
前記蒸発器から流出した前記冷媒液を流すべき流路として、前記熱交換循環路と前記蓄熱流路とのいずれか一方を選択する流路切替機構と、
を備えた、冷凍装置。 - 前記容器は、前記冷媒液を貯留する蒸発器であり、
前記圧縮機は、前記蒸発器から冷媒蒸気を吸入することによって前記蒸発器に貯留された前記冷媒液を蒸発させ、前記蒸発器から吸入した前記冷媒蒸気を圧縮し、
前記蓄熱流路は、前記冷媒液の蒸発潜熱を利用して前記蒸発器に冷熱を蓄えるための蓄冷運転で使用される蓄冷流路である、請求項1に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記圧縮機は、前記蒸発器から前記冷媒蒸気を吸入することによって、前記蒸発器に貯留された前記冷媒液を前記蒸発器の内部で凝固させ、
前記蓄冷運転において、前記蒸発器の内部に固体の前記冷媒が蓄えられる、請求項2に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記熱交換循環路は、前記容器に接続された上流端を有し、
前記蓄熱流路は、前記容器から流出した前記冷媒液が前記熱交換器をバイパスして前記容器に戻されるように、前記熱交換器の前記入口と前記熱交換循環路の前記上流端との間で前記熱交換循環路から分岐している流路である、請求項1に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記流路切替機構は、前記熱交換循環路と前記蓄熱流路との分岐点に設けられた三方弁を含む、請求項4に記載の冷凍装置。
- 前記流路切替機構は、前記熱交換循環路と前記蓄熱流路との分岐点よりも前記熱交換器の近くで前記熱交換循環路に設けられた開閉弁と、前記蓄熱流路に設けられた他の開閉弁とを含む、請求項4に記載の冷凍装置。
- 前記熱交換循環路又は前記蓄熱流路を経由して前記容器に戻された前記冷媒液が前記容器の内部において上から下に降り注がれる、請求項1に記載の冷凍装置。
- 前記蒸発器に貯留された前記冷媒液を吸入及び吐出するポンプと、
前記圧縮機の運転を停止しつつ前記熱交換器を経由して前記熱交換循環路に前記冷媒液を循環させる解凍運転と、前記圧縮機を運転することによって前記蒸発器に貯留された前記冷媒液を冷却しながら前記熱交換器を経由して前記熱交換循環路に前記冷媒液を循環させる追い掛け運転とが選択的に実施されるように、前記ポンプ及び前記圧縮機を制御する制御装置と、
をさらに備えた、請求項2に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記制御装置は、さらに、前記圧縮機を運転することによって前記蒸発器の内部で前記冷媒液を冷却及び凝固させながら前記蓄冷流路を経由して前記冷媒液を循環させる蓄冷運転が選択的に実施されるように、前記ポンプ及び前記圧縮機を制御する、請求項8に記載の冷凍装置。
- 前記熱交換器で冷却された熱媒体を加熱する吸熱用熱交換器を有し、前記吸熱用熱交換器を経由して前記熱媒体を循環させる吸熱循環路をさらに備えた、請求項2に記載の冷凍装置。
- 前記吸熱用熱交換器は、室内の冷房を行うために前記室内に配置されるべき室内熱交換器である、請求項10に記載の冷凍装置。
- 前記圧縮機によって圧縮された前記冷媒蒸気を凝縮させる凝縮器と、
前記凝縮器に貯留された前記冷媒液又は前記凝縮器で加熱された他の熱媒体を冷却する放熱用熱交換器を有し、前記放熱用熱交換器を経由して前記冷媒液又は前記他の熱媒体を循環させる放熱循環路と、
をさらに備えた、請求項2に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記容器の内部に配置された蓄熱材をさらに備え、
前記蓄熱体は、前記冷媒の融点とは異なる融点を有する潜熱蓄熱材を含む、請求項1に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記容器は、前記圧縮機によって圧縮された前記冷媒蒸気を凝縮させる凝縮器であり、
前記蓄熱流路は、前記冷媒液の凝縮潜熱を利用して前記凝縮器に熱を蓄えるための蓄熱運転で使用される、請求項1に記載の冷凍装置。
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- 2014-07-07 WO PCT/JP2014/003594 patent/WO2015008452A1/ja active Application Filing
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CN110017717A (zh) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-16 | 杭州联投能源科技有限公司 | 一种能量转换与储存系统及其工作方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN105378393B (zh) | 2017-06-09 |
EP3023710A1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
US20160201956A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
JP5935232B2 (ja) | 2016-06-15 |
JPWO2015008452A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
CN105378393A (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
US10544968B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
EP3023710A4 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
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