WO2015002134A1 - 細胞性免疫誘導ワクチン - Google Patents
細胞性免疫誘導ワクチン Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015002134A1 WO2015002134A1 PCT/JP2014/067355 JP2014067355W WO2015002134A1 WO 2015002134 A1 WO2015002134 A1 WO 2015002134A1 JP 2014067355 W JP2014067355 W JP 2014067355W WO 2015002134 A1 WO2015002134 A1 WO 2015002134A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vaccine capable of effectively inducing cellular immunity.
- Epitope peptide vaccines are administered by suspending an epitope peptide in an oil emulsion such as montanide.
- an oil emulsion such as montanide.
- a large amount of epitope peptide binds to empty MHC molecules of antigen-presenting cells, or peptide substitution occurs due to competition with peptides already bound to MHC molecules, so that the function is demonstrated. This is considered (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- this method does not go through the original antigen processing process by dendritic cells and the like, and there is a possibility that the antigen is not efficiently presented.
- Non-patent Document 5 Non-patent Document 5
- antigens administered as vaccines are recognized as foreign antigens in the body, taken up by antigen-presenting cells, presented to MHC class II molecules, and tend to induce humoral immunity.
- Induction of cellular immunity is important for diseases such as AIDS, malaria, and malignant tumors.
- the specific antigen is not expressed on the cell surface recognized by the antibody, so humoral immunity cannot cope with these diseases.
- Antigens specific to these diseases are processed in cells as endogenous antigens and presented to MHC class I molecules, and therefore cannot be effective unless they are cellular immunity. Therefore, for immunotherapy for such diseases, development of a system capable of inducing cellular immunity rather than humoral immunity when a protein is used as an antigen is expected.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a novel vaccine capable of inducing sufficiently high cellular immunity.
- a peptide vaccine that can induce cross-presentation is considered more preferable.
- the inventors of the present application can overcome the disadvantages of conventional immunization methods using short polypeptides such as epitope peptides and large polypeptides such as full-length proteins, by using artificial proteins with improved higher-order structures of peptide vaccines. I thought it was possible. Therefore, as a result of earnest research using artificial protein creation technology using the MolCraft method developed by Kiyotaka Shiba et al., We succeeded in identifying an important structure for an artificial protein antigen capable of strongly inducing cellular immunity. Was completed.
- the present invention provides a polypeptide comprising a tandem repeat structure in which an MHC class I epitope region derived from an antigen protein and a spacer sequence of any one of (1) and (2) below are alternately linked at least three times: Or a vaccine containing a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide and containing a recombinant vector capable of expressing the polypeptide in vivo as an active ingredient.
- the MHC class I epitope region, the MHC class II epitope region derived from the same or different antigen protein as the antigen protein, and at least one higher-order structure stabilization region have different readings of a single base sequence.
- a sequence that occurs as an amino acid sequence inevitably encoded by a base sequence when the base sequence is designed to be encoded by a frame.
- the present invention also provides a polypeptide comprising a tandem repeat structure in which an MHC class I epitope region derived from an antigen protein and a spacer sequence of any one of (1) and (2) below are alternately linked at least three times: Or a vaccine containing a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide and containing a recombinant vector capable of expressing the polypeptide in vivo as an active ingredient.
- the MHC class II epitope derived from the same or different antigen protein as the antigen protein and the higher-order structure stabilization region are encoded in different reading frames of a single base sequence, and in the remaining reading frames.
- a sequence that occurs as an amino acid sequence that the base sequence necessarily encodes in the remaining reading frame when the base sequence is designed so that no stop codon is generated.
- a peptide vaccine excellent in the ability to induce cellular immunity is provided.
- the peptide vaccine of the present invention has an MHC class I and MHC class II cross-presentation ability and a sufficiently high immunity induction ability. Even if the amount of oil adjuvant used is reduced or not used, cellular immunity can be induced far stronger than the original antigen protein, for example, 100 times or more stronger.
- the technique of the present invention it is possible to provide a vaccine having a high immunity induction ability even when a peptide epitope having weak immunogenicity is used. Induction of cellular immunity is required for the treatment and prevention of diseases such as malaria, AIDS, and tumors. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a vaccine effective for the treatment and prevention of such diseases. It becomes.
- the schematic diagram of the structure of F37A and C131B is shown.
- A antigen-presenting cells DC2.4 cells were treated with no inhibitor or treated with cytochalasin B (phagocytosis inhibitor), DMA (pinocytosis inhibitor) or Poly-I (scavenger receptor A inhibitor). After that, an antigen (F37A, C131B, or OVA) was added and cultured. Each cell after culture was used as a sample, and the amount of antigen incorporated into antigen-presenting cells was measured by Western blotting using anti-His-tag antibody and anti-OVA antibody (lane 1: untreated control, lane 2: cytochalasin). B processing, lane 3: DMA processing, lane 4: Poly-I processing).
- Spider antigen-presenting cells DC2.4 cells were treated with no inhibitor or treated with cytochalasin B, DMA, or Poly-I, and added with the antigen (F37A, C131B, or OVA) and cultured. Thereafter, OVA-specific T cell hybridoma cells (RF33.70 cells) were added and co-cultured. By measuring the amount of IL-2 produced in the culture supernatant, the ability to present OVA-specific antigen was evaluated.
- the polypeptide used as an active ingredient in the present invention is an artificial protein that does not exist in nature.
- This active ingredient polypeptide includes a tandem repeat structure in which an MHC class I epitope region derived from an antigen protein and a spacer sequence as defined in this specification are linked alternately and at least three times.
- an MHC class I epitope region derived from an antigen protein and a spacer sequence as defined in this specification are linked alternately and at least three times.
- cellular immunity against the target antigen protein can be strongly induced.
- peptide vaccines comprising a polypeptide as an active ingredient, it is usually essential to use a certain amount of aluminum adjuvant or oil adjuvant in order to induce sufficient immunity in the living body. Side effects can be reduced by reducing the amount of oil adjuvant used, or a sufficiently high immunity induction ability can be exhibited without using such an adjuvant.
- MHC class I epitopes derived from antigenic proteins and “MHC class II epitopes derived from antigenic proteins” include not only the same amino acid sequences of the epitopes found in natural antigenic proteins, but also natural epitopes. Also encompassed are epitopes consisting of sequences with modifications to a few residues of the sequence. It is known that by modifying the sequence of a natural MHC class I epitope or class II epitope, the function of the epitope such as binding to MHC class I or class II molecules can be enhanced.
- MHC class I epitope CMTWNQMNL of the tumor antigen WT1 is replaced with Y to enhance the binding to MHC class I molecules (Cancer Immunol Immunother (2002) 51: 614-620).
- modified MHC class I and class II epitopes are also encompassed in “MHC class I epitopes derived from antigenic proteins” and “MHC class II epitopes derived from antigenic proteins”.
- the tandem repeat structure is a structure in which one unit is a structure composed of an MHC class I epitope region and a spacer sequence, and at least 3 units are linked.
- the upper limit of the number of repetitions is not particularly limited, but the size of the active ingredient polypeptide is preferably about 500 residues or less from the viewpoint of vaccine production costs and the like, and the active ingredient poly- mer is obtained by polymerizing the microgene by the MPR method described later.
- the tandem repeat structure The number of iterations is usually approximately 10 or less.
- a few motifs preferably no more than 5, and more preferably no more than 3 residues may be inserted in some motif linkage sites, or some motif linkage sites Less than, preferably less than 5, more preferably less than 3, residues may be deleted.
- Such a mismatch of residues at the motif linking site is inevitably caused by the nature of the technique called MPR.
- the MHC class I epitope region may contain a small number of adjacent residues derived from the original antigen protein at the end of the minimal epitope sequence, but it is sufficient that the minimal epitope sequence is maintained within the tandem repeat structure. Therefore, residues other than the minimum epitope sequence that can be included in the class I epitope region may be deleted in some repeat units.
- tandem repeat structure all spacer sequence motifs do not have to be completely matched, and spacer sequence motifs that differ within several, preferably within six, are part of the tandem repeat structure. May be included.
- an active ingredient polypeptide was obtained from an artificial protein library prepared by polymerizing microgenes by the MPR method, the reading frame was randomly shifted during the polymerization reaction, and the microgenes were originally defined. Often, motif sequences that do not match the motif sequence are generated.
- the spacer sequence in the present invention consists of a sequence that differs in part (preferably within 6 residues) from the spacer sequence found in other repeat units. May be.
- the spacer sequence used in the present invention consists of an MHC class I epitope region derived from an antigen protein, an MHC class II epitope region derived from the same or different antigen protein as the antigen protein, and at least one higher-order structure stabilization region.
- the amino acid sequence inevitably encoded by the nucleotide sequence is preferably a class I epitope region within the same reading frame as the class I epitope region.
- the spacer sequence used in the present invention has a sequence in which a region consisting of several amino acid residues is substituted in the amino acid sequence determined automatically. More specifically, the spacer sequence is an amino acid sequence in which a region consisting of several amino acid residues is derived from a part of an MHC class II epitope region or a higher-order structure stabilization region encoded by another reading frame. The sequence may be replaced with When a polypeptide is prepared from a microgene polymer prepared by the MPR method, base insertions and deletions are randomly generated due to the exonuclease activity of polymerase at the ligation site of the microgene, resulting in a partial motif sequence.
- a motif sequence is frequently substituted by an amino acid sequence derived from a motif sequence of another reading frame.
- such partially substituted spacer sequences are mixed in the tandem repeat structure of the artificial protein F182A.
- the ability of the polypeptide to induce cellular immunity is higher when all the spacer sequences in the tandem repeat structure are sequences in which such substitution has not occurred.
- the MHC class I epitope and the MHC class II epitope may be derived from the same antigen protein or may be derived from different antigen proteins. Typically, the MHC class I epitope and the MHC class II epitope can be derived from the same antigen.
- Epitope sequences that can bind to multiple MHC class II molecules are known (for example, pan HLA-DR binding epitopes called PADRE epitopes, etc. Hum Immunol. 2012 January; 73 (1): 1-10., And Molecular Therapy vol. 15 no. 6, 1211-1219 june 2007 etc.), and when using class I and class II epitopes derived from different antigenic proteins, epitopes that can bind to multiple such MHC class II molecules May be used.
- the sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 61 and 62 in the sequence listing are specific examples of active ingredient polypeptides using PADRE epitopes (see Table 1-2 below).
- the multifunctional base sequence may be designed so that a total of six motifs are encoded without including a stop codon in the three reading frames (see FIG. 2). Of the six motifs, one is an MHC class I epitope region, one is an MHC class II epitope region, and two are conformational stabilization regions. In such a case, normally, after designing the multifunctional base sequence (I) encoding the MHC class I epitope region and the multifunctional base sequence (II) encoding the MHC class II epitope region, respectively, two multifunctional functions are designed.
- one multifunctional base sequence encoded by a different reading frame (micro-class I epitope, class II epitope, and at least one higher-order structure stabilization region (micro Gene) is designed.
- micro-class I epitope, class II epitope, and at least one higher-order structure stabilization region (micro Gene) is designed.
- the amino acid sequence of two reading frames is determined in a multifunctional base sequence and the design is such that no stop codon occurs in the remaining reading frames, the amino acid sequence encoded in the remaining reading frames is automatically determined.
- automatically determined sequence motifs are obtained, one for class I epitopes in multifunctional gene (I) and one for class II epitopes in multifunctional gene (II).
- the two conformational stabilization region motifs may be in the same reading frame or in different reading frames, but the class I and class II epitopes are the same. Since it is designed not to come into the reading frame, sequence motifs that are automatically determined are not encoded in the same reading frame. Of the motifs of the sequence determined or inevitably generated thus obtained, these occur for class II epitopes, and on the microgene, class I epitopes within the same reading frame as class I epitopes. A sequence motif generated adjacent to the region is used as a spacer sequence of a tandem repeat structure.
- “Higher-order structure stabilization region” means that when a polypeptide is expressed from a nucleic acid polymer obtained by polymerizing a multifunctional base sequence, the polypeptide can take a stable higher-order structure. A region having an array. The higher order structure of the polypeptide is stabilized by ⁇ -helix structure, ⁇ -sheet structure, formation of intramolecular hydrophobic bond, and the like. Specific examples of higher-order structure stabilization regions include ⁇ -helix forming regions (amino acid sequence regions that are likely to form ⁇ -helix structures), ⁇ -sheet forming regions (amino acid sequence regions that are likely to form ⁇ -sheet structures).
- Hydrophobic bond-forming regions regions rich in amino acid residues having hydrophobic side chains and easily forming intramolecular hydrophobic bonds. It is known that the higher-order structure of the protein is stabilized by taking these structures.
- the higher-order structure stabilizing region is at least one selected from an ⁇ helix forming region and a ⁇ sheet forming region, and more preferably an ⁇ helix forming region.
- amino acid residues include residues that are likely to form ⁇ -helices and residues that are likely to form ⁇ -sheets, and these residues form ⁇ -helix-forming regions and ⁇ -sheets. Sex regions can be constructed.
- an MHC class I epitope region is encoded in one of the three reading frames, an MHC class II epitope region is encoded in the other reading frame, and at least one in another reading frame.
- a multifunctional base sequence (microgene) is designed so that one ⁇ -helix forming region is encoded.
- the spacer sequence is an amino acid sequence motif that occurs adjacent to the MHC class I epitope region within the reading frame encoding the MHC class I epitope region.
- the MHC class I epitope region is in the first frame
- the MHC class II epitope region is in the second frame (the frame whose reading frame is shifted by 1 in the 3 ′ direction from the first frame)
- the third frame from the first frame.
- One or two ⁇ -helix forming regions are encoded in a frame in which the reading frame is shifted by 2 in the 3 ′ direction, and the amino acid sequence generated in the first frame can be used as a spacer sequence.
- the MHC class I epitope of an antigen protein is about 5 to 12 residues, typically about 8 to 10 residues.
- the length is not so limited, but it is about 13 to 30 residues in size, and the class II epitope region motif in the present invention is 13 to 23 residues.
- a class II epitope having a basic size can be preferably used.
- a multifunctional base sequence The size of is usually about 30 to 90 bp, and the size of the obtained spacer sequence is about 10 to 30 residues.
- MHC class I epitope region in addition to the minimum unit of MHC class I epitope derived from an antigen protein, several amino acids adjacent to the epitope in the amino acid sequence of the original antigen protein (for example, 1 1 to 3) residues may also be included. Usually, amino acid residues derived from the amino acid sequence of the original antigen protein are added at least 2 residues at the N-terminus and at least 1 residue at the C-terminus of the minimum MHC class I epitope sequence, and this is added to the MHC class I epitope region motif. It is preferable to use as.
- MHC class I and class II epitopes have been identified and known for various antigen proteins. Also, since algorithms for predicting epitopes from amino acid sequence information are known (for example, SYFPEITHI algorithm software (www.syfpeithi.de)), epitopes that bind to MHC molecules using such algorithms for any antigen protein May be predicted and used as MHC class I and class II epitopes. In addition, as described above, it is also known that by partially modifying the sequence of natural MHC class I and class II epitopes, the function of the epitope (for example, binding to MHC class I molecules or class II molecules) can be enhanced. In the present invention, such modified epitope sequences can also be used.
- the spacer sequences obtained for certain MHC class I and class II epitopes are hydrophilic amino acids (R, N, D, E, Q, G, H, K, P, S, T, Y) and the like, and may have hydrophilic characteristics. Whether the spacer sequence is hydrophilic or not can be examined by a Hydropathy (Kite-Doolittle) analysis using Strider 1.4f7 software.
- amphiphilicity of the tandem repeat structure part can be 0.0 to 0.4.
- Amphipathic analysis can be performed using Strider 1.4f7 software.
- the polypeptide containing the above-mentioned tandem repeat structure used as an active ingredient may contain an MHC class II epitope region derived from the same antigen protein in at least one of the N-terminal region and the C-terminal region. . Thereby, the cellular immunity induction ability of a vaccine can further be improved.
- the active ingredient polypeptide may contain a higher-order structure stabilization region as defined above.
- a region that stabilizes a higher order structure such as an ⁇ helix structure or a ⁇ sheet structure, the stability of the polypeptide is increased, and the production efficiency in host cells such as E. coli can be improved.
- the active ingredient polypeptide may contain a tag sequence such as a histidine tag for the convenience of production of the polypeptide.
- the active ingredient polypeptide may have an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.0 to 8.6.
- a sequence such as DYKDHDGDYKDHDIDYKDDDDKL (triple FLAG tag sequence) or DEDEDED may be appropriately introduced into the active ingredient polypeptide as necessary.
- Specific examples of active ingredient polypeptides into which such sequences have been introduced are described in SEQ ID NOs: 57 to 60 in the Sequence Listing (see Table 1-1 below).
- the method for designing a multifunctional base sequence is known.
- CyberGene software described in K. Shiba, Journal Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 28 (2004) 145-153 can be used. More specifically, it can be designed by a design method described in Japanese Patent Nos. 4007477, 4911857, and 4989600. Any method may be used in the present invention.
- Patent No. 4007477 sets a given peptide sequence having the first function (in this application, MHC class I epitope peptide sequence and class II epitope peptide sequence) as an initial value, and based on the genetic code table
- the base sequence is back-translated into base sequences one by one, and all base sequences capable of encoding the peptide sequence are generated in the computer, and then the first peptide sequence encoded by all the generated base sequences
- the peptide sequence group in a different reading frame is written in the computer, and finally, a peptide having the second and third functions is selected from the peptide sequence group, and the design process is performed.
- the protein encoded by the multifunctional base sequence is analyzed as a ligation product of 20 amino acids.
- the design method described in Japanese Patent Nos. 4911857 and 4989600 is an improved method of the design method described in Japanese Patent No. 4007477.
- analysis is performed by regarding a protein encoded by a multifunctional base sequence as an overlapping ligation product of a very short peptide sequence of about 2 to 8 residues, not as a ligation product of 20 amino acids.
- the base sequence encoding the dipeptide is 6 bases, and the 6 bases already contain information on the translation products of the second and third reading frames. Therefore, by performing analysis and calculation as a duplicated ligation product of short peptide sequences of about 2 to 8 residues, calculation processing is performed by excluding in advance the base sequence that contains a stop codon in the second and third frames. Can be executed. Thereby, compared with the method of analyzing as a connection product of 20 types of amino acids, it is possible to greatly reduce the calculation time and the memory size.
- a multifunctional base sequence (microgene) is designed using CyberGene software, and a known microgene polymerization method (microgenepolymerization reaction; MPR, Kiyotaka Shiba et al., PNAS vol.94, pp.3805-3810, 1997) ), A group of microgene polymers (artificial protein genes) is constructed, and proteins are expressed from these polymers to obtain proteins with high antigen presenting ability (FIGS. 1 and 2).
- MPR microgenepolymerization reaction
- FIG. 1 and 2 A group of microgene polymers (artificial protein genes) is constructed, and proteins are expressed from these polymers to obtain proteins with high antigen presenting ability (FIGS. 1 and 2).
- Such a technique is known as the MolCraft (registered trademark) method (K. Shiba, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 28 (2004) 145-153), and various artificial proteins are synthesized by this method.
- MolCraft registered trademark
- CMTWNQMNL (residues 303 to 311 of SEQ ID NO: 23) and RMFPNAPYL (residues 194 to 202 of SEQ ID NO: 23), and modified sequences thereof as MHC class I epitopes (For example, a sequence in which the second M of CMTWNQMNL is replaced with Y, Cancer Immunol Immunother (2002) 51: 614-620) can be used.
- RMFPNAPYL is used.
- RMFPNAPYL adds several amino acid residues that are adjacent to each other in the original WT1 protein (for example, QA adjacent to the N-terminal side and P adjacent to the C-terminal side are added to each terminal). It will be used for the design of functional base sequences.
- PGCNKRYFKLSHLQMHSRKHTG (residues 396 to 417 of SEQ ID NO: 23) can be used. The procedure is roughly described. First, a multifunctional base sequence encoding a class I epitope and a multifunctional base sequence encoding a class II epitope are designed separately, and the two multifunctional base sequences obtained are obtained. After designing a microgene by fusing, an MPR primer is designed based on the sequence of the microgene, and a microgene polymerization reaction by the MPR method is performed.
- QARMFPNAPYLP and PGCNKRYFKLSHLQMHSRKHTG are set as initial values (first sequence), respectively, and from there, they are back-translated into the base sequence one by one based on the genetic code table, and the peptide sequence is encoded. All base sequences that can be generated are generated in the computer.
- a sequence encoding a higher-order structure stabilizing region is selected in another reading frame (second sequence).
- the MHC class of WT1 Microgene sequences are obtained that encode I epitopes, class II epitopes, and at least one conformational stabilization region in different reading frames.
- a sequence that does not produce a stop codon even if it is bound by shifting the frame is selected from the candidate sequences, and the sequence is adjusted.
- the binding site is appropriately adjusted so that the MHC class I motif QARMFPNAPYLP and the MHC class II motif PGCNKRYFKLSHLQMHSRKHTG do not fall within the same reading frame.
- the automatically determined third sequence without function is generated for the class I motif QARMFPNAPYLP and the class II motif PGCNKRYFKLSHLQMHSRKHTG, respectively.
- the third sequence generated for the class II motif is: It will be in the same reading frame as the MHC class I motif.
- the spacer sequence in the present invention is such that the MHC class II epitope region (epitope derived from the same antigen as the class I epitope adopted for the polypeptide) and the conformation stabilizing region are encoded in different reading frames. It can also be understood as a sequence that occurs as an amino acid sequence encoded by one remaining reading frame when a multifunctional base sequence is designed.
- a polypeptide spacer sequence used as an active ingredient in the present invention can be obtained.
- This spacer sequence may be linked to the MHC class I motif QARMFPNAPYLP to construct a tandem repeat structure and to design an active ingredient polypeptide.
- the microgene is polymerized while randomly generating frame shifts by the MPR method, the protein is expressed from the obtained polymer (artificial protein gene), and the class I epitope and the spacer sequence are linked in tandem three times or more.
- a protein containing a structure may be selected to confirm the ability to induce cellular immunity.
- the MPR primer used in the MPR method is designed so that the sense primer and the antisense primer form complementary base pairs of several bases (usually around 8 bases) in the 3 'end region of each other. However, a mismatch is provided at one base at the 3 'end.
- the primer anneals at a part of each 3'-side region, so that a complementary strand is synthesized for the single-stranded portion by the polymerase reaction.
- the primer itself also serves as a template.
- the concentration of each MPR primer used may be about 40 nM to 2000 nM.
- a microgene polymer in which the microgene is bound to tandem is synthesized.
- the polymerase a DNA polymerase having 3 ′ ⁇ 5 ′ exonuclease activity is used.
- fluctuations occur at the junctions between the microgenes, and base deletions and insertions occur randomly.
- the reading frame is shifted, so that a library of artificial genes in which various numbers of encoded polypeptide sequences appear in various combinations is created.
- the obtained gene is incorporated into an appropriate protein expression vector by a well-known conventional method, and the protein is expressed to obtain an artificial protein library. What is necessary is just to introduce
- Evaluation of antigen presenting ability and evaluation of cellular immunity induction ability for artificial proteins expressed from artificial genes can be performed by conventional methods. Select an artificial gene that encodes an artificial protein having a structure in which a class I epitope motif and a spacer sequence obtained by designing a multifunctional base sequence are linked in tandem three or more times, and evaluate antigen presentation ability and immune induction ability You can do it.
- the obtained artificial protein is added to the antigen presenting cell, and the target epitope is presented on the MHC class I molecule or class II molecule.
- the target epitope is presented on the MHC class I molecule or class II molecule.
- CD8 + T cells having class I epitope-specific T cell receptors (TCR) and antigen-presenting cells to which artificial proteins are added are co-cultured.
- TCR T cell receptors
- an artificial protein is taken in, processed, and presented with an epitope on an MHC class I molecule
- CD8 + T cells recognize this via TCR and produce IL-2 in an antigen-specific manner.
- By selecting an artificial protein having a high IL-2 production amount it is possible to screen an artificial protein presenting an antigen through cross-presentation.
- Artificial proteins with high ability to induce CD8 + cytotoxic T cells (inducibility of cellular immunity) in vivo can be selected by conventional methods, taking into consideration the antigen presenting ability of In vitro and the amount of protein purification .
- the candidate artificial protein and 20 ⁇ g of adjuvant MPL (monophosphoryl lipid A) at least once, preferably at intervals of 2 weeks, intradermally, subcutaneously or peritoneally in animals such as mice (except humans) Administer about 3 times to immunize the animal.
- spleen cells are removed, and tetramer assay is performed by flow cytometry using tetramer reagent to detect CD8 + T cells with epitope-specific TCR, and the inducibility of CD8 + cytotoxic T cells is evaluated. That's fine.
- E.G7 cells expressing an antigen protein can be inoculated into an immunized animal, and an artificial protein capable of suppressing tumor growth can be selected.
- the PolyCraft method is carried out according to the procedure as described above, and contains a tandem repeat structure in which an MHC class I epitope derived from any antigen protein and a spacer sequence according to the present invention are linked three times or more, and is used as an active ingredient of a vaccine.
- Preferred examples of peptides can be obtained.
- the polypeptide can be produced by a conventional method well known in the art.
- the polynucleotide may be incorporated into an appropriate expression vector and expressed in a host cell such as Escherichia coli or insect cell, and the polypeptide may be recovered and purified.
- the polynucleotide itself can be obtained by PCR amplification using the artificial gene obtained in the MPR process in the MolCraft method as a template, or the polynucleotide whose sequence has been specified can be prepared by chemical synthesis. is there.
- a polypeptide expressed in E. coli cells can be used as an active ingredient of a medicine if endotoxin is removed by a technique such as Triton X-114 method.
- a polypeptide whose sequence is specified can be chemically synthesized by a conventional method such as the Fmoc method or the tBoc method.
- the polypeptide obtained by chemical synthesis can be used as it is or after enzymatically binding to a long-chain polypeptide and refolded to have a higher-order structure required by the present invention. .
- the vaccine of the present invention can be produced against various antigenic proteins.
- Vaccines against tumor antigens and cancer stem cell antigens can be provided as anti-cancer vaccines (cancer treatment or prevention agents), and vaccines against pathogens and parasite antigens can be provided as vaccines for prevention or treatment of infectious diseases.
- the present invention can be preferably applied to diseases in which cellular immunity plays an important role in prevention and treatment.
- Specific examples of tumor antigens include, for example, WT1, Survivin, Survivin-B2, MAGE-A3, MEGE-A4, Tyrosinase, gp100, Melan-A, TRP-2, SNRPD1, CDK4, NY-ESO-1, HER2, MUC-1, CD20, p53 and the like can be mentioned.
- cancer stem cell antigens examples include CD44, CD133, LGR5, and Dclk1.
- viral antigen examples include viral constituent proteins such as hepatitis virus (HBV, HCV, etc.), human papilloma virus, and human immunodeficiency virus.
- Parasite antigens include malaria parasite proteins and the like.
- the vaccine of the present invention can be designed and manufactured using MHC class I epitope and class II epitope of these antigens as motifs.
- the administration route to the living body of the vaccine of the present invention may be oral administration or parenteral administration, but parenteral administration such as intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intravenous administration and intraarterial administration is preferable.
- the dosage is appropriately selected according to the disease state, symptoms, age of the subject animal, body weight, etc., but usually 0.1 ⁇ g to 500 mg as an effective daily dose for the subject animal, For example, it can be 1 ⁇ g to 100 mg. It can be administered once or divided into several times. For example, it can be divided into several times and administered every several days to several months.
- the dosage form of the vaccine is not particularly limited, and may consist of only the polypeptide, or may be appropriately mixed with additives such as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, excipients, and the like suitable for each administration route. May be formulated. Formulation methods and additives that can be used are well known in the field of pharmaceutical formulations. Specific examples of the dosage form include oral preparations such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders, and syrups, and parenteral preparations such as inhalants, injections, suppositories, and liquids.
- oil adjuvant or aluminum adjuvant in conventional peptide vaccines, it is essential to administer a certain amount of oil adjuvant or aluminum adjuvant in combination in order to induce sufficient immunity in vivo.
- These adjuvants currently used in clinical practice include Alum (aluminum salt), MF59 (oil emulsion), Montanide (Montanide ISA 51VG, oil emulsion) and the like. Oil adjuvants and aluminum adjuvants are thought to assist immunity through suppression of antigen degradation, induction of inflammatory cells by tissue destruction, maturation of antigen-presenting cells, and the like.
- the vaccine of the present invention can reduce side effects by reducing the amount of oil adjuvant and aluminum adjuvant having such problems, or can strongly induce cellular immunity without using such an adjuvant.
- the artificial protein prepared using OVA in the following examples does not enhance the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, etc.) due to TLR (Toll-like Receptor) pathway stimulation,
- adjuvants that stimulate the TLR pathway such as TLR ligands may be used in combination.
- “Use in combination” means that the vaccine and adjuvant are administered to the subject simultaneously or sequentially to the subject. When administered at the same time, the vaccine may be formulated to further contain an adjuvant.
- peptide sequences that mimic the ligand function of TLR have been partially identified. For example, APPHALS, QEINSSY, etc. are known as peptide sequences that mimic the ligand function of TLR-4 (PLoS ONE, February 2012, Volume 7, Issue 2, e30839). By introducing such a peptide sequence into the sequence of the active ingredient polypeptide, the polypeptide may have an adjuvant function.
- an embodiment in which a peptide sequence having an adjuvant function is introduced into an active ingredient polypeptide is also included in an embodiment in which an adjuvant is used in combination.
- An example of an adjuvant that stimulates the TLR pathway that is in clinical use is MPL.
- the vaccine of the present invention may be a vaccine containing a polynucleotide encoding the above-described artificial polypeptide and having a recombinant vector capable of expressing the polypeptide in vivo as an active ingredient.
- This form of vaccine is also called a genetic vaccine.
- the polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA, but is preferably DNA.
- the vector used for producing the gene vaccine is not particularly limited as long as it can be expressed in the target animal cell (preferably in the mammalian cell), and may be a plasmid vector or a virus vector, and is known in the field of gene vaccines. Any of these vectors may be used.
- a polynucleotide such as DNA or RNA encoding the above artificial polypeptide can be easily prepared by a conventional method.
- the polynucleotide can be incorporated into a vector by a method well known to those skilled in the art.
- the administration route of the gene vaccine is preferably a parenteral administration route such as intramuscular administration, subcutaneous administration, intravenous administration or intraarterial administration, and the dosage can be appropriately selected according to the type of antigen and the like.
- the weight of the gene vaccine is about 0.1 ⁇ g to 100 mg, for example, about 1 ⁇ g to 10 mg per kg body weight.
- the in vivo method which introduces a gene vaccine directly into the body
- the ex vivo method which collects certain cells from the target animal, introduces the gene into the cells outside the body, and returns it to the body.
- the in vivo method is more preferred.
- the in vivo method When administered by the in vivo method, it can be administered by an appropriate administration route according to the disease, symptoms, etc. for the purpose of treatment. For example, it can be administered intravenously, artery, subcutaneous, intramuscularly. When administered by the in vivo method, for example, it can be in the form of a preparation such as a liquid, but is generally an injection containing the DNA encoding the polypeptide of the present invention, which is an active ingredient, and is necessary. Depending on the case, conventional carriers may be added.
- the liposome or membrane-fused liposome containing the DNA can be in the form of a liposome preparation such as a suspending agent, a freezing agent, or a centrifugal concentrated freezing agent.
- the vaccine of the present invention can be used in combination with other pharmaceutical products.
- the vaccine of the present invention designed against a tumor antigen can be used in combination with other anticancer agents.
- immune checkpoint inhibitors are attracting attention in tumor immunotherapy (Nature Reviewers, Cancer 12, 252-264 (April 2012)).
- a living body has a system for suppressing and controlling an excessive immune reaction.
- molecules expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC) and molecules expressed in T cells such as PD-L1 and PD-1, CD80 and CTLA4, MHC class I or MHC class II and KIR or LAG3, GLA9 TIM3 and the like have been identified, and their interaction transmits a negative signal to T cells and inhibits T cell responses. This mechanism is called immune checkpoint.
- APC antigen-presenting cells
- T cells such as PD-L1 and PD-1, CD80 and CTLA4, MHC class I or MHC class II and KIR or LAG3, GLA9 TIM3 and the like have been identified, and their interaction transmits a negative signal to T cells and inhibits T cell responses. This mechanism is called immune checkpoint.
- a patient with cancer is in a state of being braked to suppress tumor immunity.
- Administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor leads to releasing the brake against tumor immunity, and the tumor immunity that attacks the cancer cells originally possessed by the patient will function, and the antitumor effect will be exerted. Conceivable.
- tumor immunotherapy is likely to undergo major changes in the future.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors include antigens that are overexpressed in cancer, driver mutations (mutations that contribute to cancer cell growth, amino acid substitutions that accumulate in cancer cells, gene fusions, deletions, insertions, etc. Rather than exerting immunity against the so-called cancer antigen that caused the mutation, a mutation that causes amino acid substitution called passenger mutation has occurred, but it does not affect the function of the protein It is assumed that immunity is exhibited against mutant proteins that do not necessarily accumulate in cancer cells. That is, it is considered that the antigen that is a target of tumor immunity induced by an immune checkpoint inhibitor varies greatly from individual to individual. Immune checkpoint inhibitors induce potent anti-tumor immunity but are not effective in all patients, and differences by cancer type have been reported.
- an immune checkpoint inhibitor induces immunity against tumor antigens with the artificial protein vaccine according to the present invention while controlling the immunosuppressed state of cancer-bearing patients, that is, an immune checkpoint inhibitor And the artificial protein vaccine according to the present invention are used in combination, leading to a strong tumor immunity induction, suggesting the possibility of obtaining an even stronger antitumor effect.
- OVA-I OVA MHC class I epitope, OVA258-265, SIINFEKL
- OVA-II OVA MHC class II Epitope, OVA324-340, ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR
- the design process is shown in Fig. 2 1) to 5).
- the two amino acids adjacent to the N-terminus of the MHC class I epitope (SIINFEKL) in the natural antigen OVA are known to affect degradation by aminopeptidase in the cell.
- Antigen-derived 2-amino acid LE was added.
- one amino acid at the N-terminal was also selected in a conserved form of T from OVA full-length antigen (LESIINFEKLT) and used as a motif for microgene design.
- the multifunctional base sequence (I) encoding the OVA-I motif LESIINFEKLT and the multifunctional base sequence (II) encoding the OVA-II motif ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR were designed separately using CyberGene.
- codons that can be back-translated from OVA-I and OVA-II motifs are written, there are 248,832 and 169,869,312 combinations of DNA sequences, respectively, but CyberGene stops codons in any reading frame. The DNA sequence etc. that cause was excluded. If you specify the OVA-I motif and OVA-II motif as the first sequence, and specify the amino acid sequence that easily takes ⁇ -helix structure or ⁇ -sheet structure as the second sequence, each gene sequence is specified in hundreds or more. The top sequences with high stability of each structure were selected.
- An example of the multifunctional base sequences (I) and (II) obtained as a result is shown in 4) of FIG.
- the resulting multifunctional base sequences (I) and (II) were combined to design microgenes # 2101 (SEQ ID NO: 11) and # 6101 (SEQ ID NO: 15).
- the amino acid sequences encoded by # 2101 in three reading frames are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 12-14.
- the first frame (SEQ ID NO: 12) encodes an MHC class I epitope
- the second frame (SEQ ID NO: 13) encodes an MHC class II epitope
- the third frame (SEQ ID NO: 14) encodes two ⁇ -helix motifs. Has been.
- amino acid sequences encoded by # 6101 in three reading frames are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 16-18.
- the first frame contains an MHC class I epitope
- the second frame contains an MHC class II epitope and ⁇ sheet motif
- the third frame contains an ⁇ helix motif. Is coded.
- 2101-S primer CTCGAGAGTATCATCAACTTCGAGAAGCTTACCGATTTCTCAGGCT, SEQ ID NO: 19
- 2101-AS primer GCGGCCAGCCTCGTTGATCTCTGCATGAGCTGCATGAACTGCCTGAGAT, SEQ ID NO: 20
- Polymerization reaction solution is 2.6 ⁇ L of Vent DNA polymerases (2 units / ⁇ L, NEW ENGLAND BioLabs) having 3 ' ⁇ 5' exonuclease activity, 10 ⁇ ThermoPol Reaction Buffer (NEW ENGLAND BioLabs, 1 ⁇ ThermoPol Reaction Buffer: Tris HCl pH 8.8, 10 mM potassium chloride, 10 mM ammonium sulfate, 2 mM magnesium sulfate, 0.1% Triton X-100) was prepared in a composition of 5 ⁇ L, 350 ⁇ M dNTP, MPR primer S, AS 400 ⁇ m each (use 20 ⁇ pmol each) in a total volume of 50 ⁇ L.
- the conditions for the polymerization reaction using the thermal cycler were 94 ° C. for 10 minutes ⁇ 60 ° C. for 10 minutes ⁇ (94 ° C. for 10 seconds ⁇ 60 ° C. for 1 minute for 30 cycles) ⁇ 60 ° C. for 7 minutes ⁇ 4 ° C. ⁇ .
- sequence common to the artificial proteins that showed antigen presentation whose characteristic sequence pattern of F37A functions antigen presentation ability was prepared by substituting the OVA-I sequence ( ⁇ ) of WT1 (Wilms tumor 1) with the MHC class I epitope sequence (RMFPNAPYL, residues 194 to 202 of SEQ ID NO: 23) one by one (Fig. 5c). .
- the sequence of W ⁇ is shown in SEQ ID NO: 25.
- the amino acid sequence of the artificial protein is shown in FIG. 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 44 to 52.
- F37AE2 is an artificial protein in which the C-terminal 3 amino acids of F37A are simply changed to 5 different amino acids, and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ was included as it is, but this is due to the concentration dependence of the antigen. The production capacity of was increased.
- the artificial protein with stronger antigen-presenting ability than the natural OVA protein functions through the characteristic ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ sequence, and it is a foreign antigen, but the epitope peptide is highly expressed in the MHC class. It became clear that it could be presented to I molecules.
- F37A has a stable and high protein-producing ability in E. coli and has the highest antigen-presenting ability among the three, the following experiment was performed using F37A.
- F182A, F37C, and F36C which showed antigenicity, show a common characteristic graph pattern, which is clearly different from the graph pattern shown by natural OVA protein, but is thought to have at least an ⁇ -helical structure It became clear that a secondary structure was formed. It was suggested that such secondary structure has an effect on antigenicity.
- Table 3 summarizes the biochemical characteristics of the artificial proteins used in the experiment, OVA-I: ⁇ and OVA-II: ⁇ number of epitope sequences, and presence or absence of antigenicity in vitro.
- G142A (SEQ ID NO: 35) has 4 MHC class I epitopes and 2 MHC class II epitopes, but showed no antigenicity. This suggested that a large number of MHC class I epitopes in the protein does not necessarily contribute to the induction of antigenicity.
- the sequence of ⁇ uses CyberGene software developed by Kiyotaka Shiba et al., When the MHC class II sequence is defined as the first sequence and the sequence having the ⁇ helix structure is defined as the second sequence. The resulting third sequence is the sequence proposed by the CyberGene software algorithm.
- the isoelectric point of the protein showing antigenicity was 6.0 to 8.6, and it was found that all have isoelectric points near neutrality. This suggests that it is important for the antigenicity that the isoelectric point of the artificial protein is neutral.
- F37A artificial protein is an antigenic protein that presents antigen via cross-presentation.
- the proteasome involved in cross-presentation Treatment with inhibitors Piroximicin and MG132 evaluated the ability to induce cellular immunity. As a result, the cellular immunity induction ability of F182A and F37A was suppressed (FIG. 5d). Furthermore, treatment with a lysosome inhibitor (Chloroquin), which has the effect of promoting cross-presentation, enhanced the ability of F182A and F37A to induce cellular immunity.
- a lysosome inhibitor Chloroquin
- F182A and F37A are incorporated into antigen-presenting cells as foreign antigens, undergo degradation by the proteasome, and present the antigen via a so-called cross-presentation that presents peptide epitopes on MHC class I molecules. It was confirmed.
- F37A expresses co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) in order to induce immunity by antigen-presenting cells that do not exhibit antigen-presenting ability through dendritic cell maturation That is, it is known that maturation of antigen-presenting cells is necessary. Therefore, F37A was added to BMDC bone marrow-derived dendritic cells derived from mouse bone marrow monocytic cells using GM-CSF, and expression of CD80 and CD86, which are maturation markers, was examined.
- co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86
- F37A did not affect the expression of CD80 or CD86. Therefore, it was suggested that F37A does not show antigen presentation by affecting maturation of antigen-presenting cells.
- LPS derived from E. coli and environment was removed using triton X-114, and the LPS concentration in the sample was confirmed to be 0.5 EU / mg or less. .
- F37A engineered protein strongly induces cellular immunity in vivo.
- 100 ⁇ g / mouse was administered into the skin of C57B1 / 6 mice three times at two-week intervals for immunization.
- an OVA-I peptide group OVA MHC class I epitope, OVA257-264, SIINFEKL was administered
- a natural OVA protein group OVA257-264, SIINFEKL was administered
- a natural OVA protein group a natural OVA protein group
- F37A artificial protein group were set.
- immunization was performed using MPL (monophosphoryl lipid A) and Freund's adjuvant CFA (complete adjuvant (added with Mycobacterium tuberculosis killed) once, incomplete adjuvant twice).
- EG7-OVA cells tumor cells expressing OVA
- IL-2ng 10 ng / ml
- 100 GyX rays were mixed and cultured in vitro.
- EL-4 cells not expressing OVA, E.G7-OVA parent cells
- EG7-OVA cells cells expressing OVA.
- Cromium51 releasing assay cytotoxicity assay
- FIG. 11a The results of the cytotoxicity assay are shown in FIG. 11a. Without an adjuvant, OVA-specific cytotoxic T cell CTLs were not detected in any of the OVA-I peptide, natural OVA protein, F37A immunization group (FIG. 11a, upper panel).
- F37A can induce both cellular immunity and humoral immunity, but tends to induce cellular immunity more strongly than humoral immunity.
- MHC class II epitope of F37A is not essential for OVA-specific CTL induction, and MHC class I epitope is functioning for cellular immunity induction
- MHC class II epitope sequence OVA-II is involved in the induction of OVA-specific CTL of F37A
- Mice were immunized with an F36C artificial protein that does not have an MHC class II epitope.
- the MT825 artificial protein in which all three OVA-Is are replaced with WT1 MHC class I epitopes. was used to immunize mice. Immunization was administered intraperitoneally three times at 2-week intervals simultaneously with adjuvant MPL (20 ⁇ g / mouse) using 100 ⁇ g of antigen (FIG. 12 a).
- F37C which has the same characteristic sequence pattern as F37A ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) and does not have MHC class II epitope sequence, can induce CTL.
- CTL assay of immunized mice CTL was significantly induced compared to the group and the OVA immunized group (FIG. 12b).
- MT825 without any OVA-I did not induce CTL at all.
- OVA-I CTL induction of F37A does not have the ability to induce CTL in MT825, where the OVA-I sequence functions. Therefore, OVA-I of F37A (OVA MHC class I epitope, SIINFEKL) It became clear that the sequence was essential.
- F37A strongly induces OVA-specific CTL (tetramer assay)
- OVA-I peptide SIINFEKL
- the tetramer reagent is a tetramer in which the epitope peptide OVA-I is bound to an MHC class I molecule, and it is possible to quantify cells expressing T cell OVA-I specific T cell receptor (TCR). .
- FIG. 12c The result of the tetramer assay is shown in FIG. 12c.
- F37A significantly induced tetramer positive cells compared with MT825 immunized group.
- OVA and F36C also tended to induce tetramers.
- the CTLs that damage the OVA tumor cells shown above are tetrameric positive CD8 cells specific to the F37A OVA-I sequence.
- mice immunized as described above with F37A and F36C capable of inhibiting tumor growth were inoculated with EG7-OVA (2 ⁇ 10 6 mice), and the tumor diameter of the tumor was measured. At 3 weeks after tumor inoculation, suppression of tumor growth was significantly observed in the F37A and F36C immunized groups (FIG. 12d). The tumor growth of individual mice is shown in Fig. 12e. In the OVA immunized group, a tendency to suppress tumor growth was also observed.
- F37A can suppress tumor growth more strongly in vivo than the natural OVA protein.
- F37A with MHC class II sequence has a stronger tumor suppression ability, so in the induction phase (induction of CTL) Does not necessarily require MHC class II sequences, but antigens with both MHC class I and MHC class II sequences are more potent in the effector phase (when immunity functions and attacks the tumor) It has been suggested.
- F37A having a structure in which an MHC class I sequence and a spacer sequence defined by CyberGene are combined in tandem three times and has an MHC class II epitope at the N-terminus and C-terminus is expressed in vitro and in vivo.
- F37A is thought to present us with a characteristic structure that functions as an antigen of a vaccine that strongly induces cellular immunity because it strongly induced cellular immunity and suppressed tumor growth.
- F37A (SEQ ID NO: 44) showing antigen presenting ability includes a tandem repeat structure including three MHC class I epitopes and two class II epitopes, and a class II epitope and a spacer sequence alternately and repeatedly linked three times.
- C131B (SEQ ID NO: 64) contains 3 MHC class I epitopes and 3 class II epitopes, but differs from F37A in molecular context (combination of the sequence order of epitopes, etc.) and does not contain the above tandem repeat structure. Does not show antigen presenting ability (FIG. 13A).
- Macropinocytosis, nonspecific phagocytosis, receptor-mediated phagocytosis, etc. have been reported for antigen uptake in cross presentation.
- the natural antigen OVA is taken up through the mannose receptor of antigen-presenting cells (Burgdorf S, Kautz A, Bohnert V, Knolle PA, Kurts C (2007) Distinct pathways of antigenuptake and intracellular routing in CD4 and CD8 activation. Science 316: 612-616.).
- F37A is made in E. coli and is not sugar-modified. Therefore, unlike the natural antigen OVA, it is considered that the antigen-presenting cell is taken up by a mechanism other than the pathway through the mannose receptor.
- Antigen-presenting cells DC2.4 cells were treated with cytochalasin B (phagocytosis inhibitor), 5- (N, N-dimethyl) amylolide (DMA, pinocytosis inhibitor), Poly-I (class A scavenger receptor (SRA). ) Inhibitor) in advance, each treated cell and untreated cell was added with an antigen (F37A, C131B, or OVA) and cultured, and antigen uptake and antigen presentation ability were evaluated in vitro.
- cytochalasin B phagocytosis inhibitor
- DMA N, N-dimethyl amylolide
- SRA class A scavenger receptor
- SRA is a cell membrane receptor expressed in macrophages, dendritic cells, etc., and takes in and processes oxidized LDL. It is also known that HSP (heat shock protein) and antigen-binding protein are taken into antigen-presenting cells via SRA and induce cellular immunity via cross-presentation (Murshid A, Gong J, Calderwood SK (2012) The role of heat shock proteins in antigen cross presentation. Front Immunol 3: 63.). Considering these facts, it was suggested that S37-mediated uptake of F37A into antigen-presenting cells due to the difference in molecular context between F37A and C131B leads to the strong antigen-presenting ability of F37A.
- HSP heat shock protein
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Abstract
Description
(1) 前記MHCクラスIエピトープ領域と、前記抗原タンパク質と同一又は異なる抗原タンパク質に由来するMHCクラスIIエピトープ領域と、少なくとも1つの高次構造安定化領域とが、単一の塩基配列の異なる読み枠でコードされるように塩基配列を設計した時に、該塩基配列が必然的にコードするアミノ酸配列として生じる配列。
(2) (1)のアミノ酸配列のうち数個のアミノ酸が置換した配列。
(1) 前記抗原タンパク質と同一又は異なる抗原タンパク質に由来するMHCクラスIIエピトープと、高次構造安定化領域とが、単一の塩基配列の異なる読み枠でコードされ、かつ、残りの読み枠で終止コドンが生じないように塩基配列を設計した時に、当該残りの読み枠で該塩基配列が必然的にコードするアミノ酸配列として生じる配列。
(2) (1)のアミノ酸配列のうち数個のアミノ酸が置換した配列。
天然抗原OVA(配列番号24)から、OVA-I:●(OVA MHCクラスIエピトープ, OVA258-265, SIINFEKL)とOVA-II:■(OVA MHCクラスIIエピトープ, OVA324-340, ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR) を選択した(図1a)。
芝清隆らが開発したMolCraft法(K. Shiba, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 28 (2004) 145-153)を用い、OVAのMHCクラスI、クラスIIエピトープ、αヘリックスなどのタンパク質安定化配列、CyberGeneにより自動的に定められた配列などのペプチドモチーフ配列(表2)が組み合わせ的に結合した人工タンパク質遺伝子を合成した。#2101のMPR法(芝清隆ら、PNAS vol.94, pp.3805-3810, 1997)による人工タンパク質遺伝子の合成工程の概略を図2の6)~9)に示す。
これらの人工タンパク質ライブラリーの中から、始めに8種類の人工タンパク質(図1c中に示したF138A, G142A, G142C, F182A, F58B, F58C, F112A, F112C)を選択し、in vitro抗原提示能アッセイを行った。人工タンパク質のアミノ酸配列を図3、4及び配列番号26~43に示した。
4-1.F37A人工タンパク質は天然OVAよりも100倍強力に抗原提示する
次に、ライブラリーの中から、F182Aと似た構造を持つ人工タンパク質を含め、さらに8種類の人工タンパク質を選択し、in vitroで抗原提示能を評価した。10μg/mlの抗原濃度で、F182Aに加えて、F37A(配列番号44)とF36C(配列番号31)が抗原提示能を示した。抗原提示能を示したF182A、F37A、F36Cはいずれも共通の配列パターンを持っていた。即ち、●▽●▽●▽(▽は一部又は全部が(▽/▼)でもよい)の配列である。これは、LESIINFEKLTDFSGSSCSSCRDQRGWP(●▽、配列番号22)又はLESIINFEKLTDLRQFTCRDQRGWP(●(▽/▼)、配列番号53)の配列が3回タンデムに結合している構造である。以下、▽の一部又は全部が(▽/▼)であるものも含めて「●▽●▽●▽」と表現する。
抗原提示を示した人工タンパク質に共通の配列●▽●▽●▽が、抗原提示に重要であることを明らかにするために、F37Aの配列のOVA-I配列(●)をWT1(Wilms tumor 1)のMHCクラスIエピトープ配列(RMFPNAPYL、配列番号23の194番~202番残基)に、ひとつひとつ置換した変異体を作製した(図5c)。W▽の配列を配列番号25に示す。人工タンパク質のアミノ酸配列を図6及び配列番号44~52に示した。
天然OVAやαヘリックス構造を多く含む人工タンパク質(F182C,F37C,F36B)は典型的なαヘリックス構造を示すグラフパターンを示した。一方、F36AやF182Bはランダムコイルを特徴とするグラフパターンを示した。
人工タンパク質が、抗原提示細胞に取り込まれ、クロスプレゼンテーションを介して、エピトープを抗原提示していることを確認するために、クロスプレゼンテーションに関与するプロテアソームの阻害剤、PiroximicinとMG132で処理して、細胞性免疫誘導能を評価した。その結果、F182AとF37Aの細胞性免疫誘導能が抑制された(図5d)。さらに、クロスプレゼンテーションを促進する効果のあるリソソーム阻害剤(Chloroquin)で処理したところ、F182AとF37Aの細胞性免疫誘導能が増強した。
抗原提示細胞が免疫を誘導するためには、MHC分子への抗原提示に加えて、補助刺激分子(CD80やCD86)の発現、即ち、抗原提示細胞の成熟化が必要であることが知られている。そこで、マウス骨髄単球細胞からGM-CSFを用いて誘導したBMDC骨髄由来樹状細胞にF37Aを添加し、成熟マーカーであるCD80とCD86の発現を調べた。
次に、抗原をC57Bl/6マウスの皮内に100μg/匹、2週間間隔で3回投与し、免疫した。検討群として、OVA-Iペプチド群 (OVA MHCクラスIエピトープ, OVA257-264, SIINFEKLを投与)、天然OVAタンパク質群、F37A人工タンパク質群を設定した。また、アジュバントとして、MPL(monophosphoryl lipid A)とフロイントアジュバントCFA(コンプリートアジュバント(結核菌死菌添加)1回、インコンプリートアジュバント2回)を用いて免疫を行った。
次に、OVA発現腫瘍に対する腫瘍抑制効果を検証した。マウスを上記と同じように免疫し、腫瘍細胞EG7-OVA(2x106個)をマウスの背中に皮下投与した。その後、1週間ごとに腫瘍径を測定した。その結果、アジュバントを用いない群で、腫瘍細胞接種後3週の腫瘍径に群間で差は認められなかった。しかし、MPLをアジュバントとして用いると、OVA免疫群とF37A免疫群で有意な腫瘍の増殖抑制効果が認められた(図11b)。F37Aは、フロイントのオイルアジュバントを用いないでも、細胞性免疫を誘導し、その細胞性免疫が機能できることが確認された。
免疫マウスから血清を採取し、抗OVA抗体ができているか否かを、OVAを抗原としたELISA法により調べた(図11c)。
F37AのOVA特異的CTL誘導にMHCクラスIIエピトープ配列OVA-IIが関与しているかどうか調べるために、MHCクラスIIエピトープを持たないF36C人工タンパク質でマウスを免疫した。また、F37Aに存在するMHCクラスIエピトープ配列OVA-Iが細胞性免疫誘導に機能していることを明らかにするために、3つのOVA-IをすべてWT1 MHCクラスIエピトープに置換したMT825人工タンパク質を用いてマウスを免疫した。免疫は、抗原100μgを用い、アジュバントMPL(20μg/匹)と同時に2週間隔で3回腹腔内に投与した(図12a)。
免疫したマウスのCTLアッセイの結果、F37Aの免疫群は、MT825免疫群およびOVA免疫群に比べて有意にCTLを誘導した(図12b)。また、F37Aと同じ特徴的な配列パターン(●▽●▽●▽)を持ち、MHCクラスIIエピトープ配列を持たないF36CにもCTLを誘導する傾向が見られた。OVA-Iを一つも持たないMT825は全くCTLを誘導することはなかった。これらの結果から、OVA特異的CTLの誘導には、必ずしもMHCクラスIIエピトープ配列は必要ではないことが示唆された。
MT825にCTL誘導能が見られないことから、OVA特異的CTL誘導には、F37AのOVA-I (OVA MHCクラスIエピトープ, SIINFEKL)配列が必須であることが明らかになった。
免疫したマウスに、OVA-Iペプチド(SIINFEKL)特異的なCD8陽性T細胞が存在することを、OVA-I配列特異的なテトラマー試薬を用いて測定した。テトラマー試薬は、MHCクラスI分子にエピトープペプチドOVA-Iが結合した4量体であり、T細胞のOVA-I特異的なT細胞レセプター(TCR)を発現する細胞を定量することが可能である。
上記の通り免疫したマウスに、EG7-OVA(2x106個)接種し、腫瘍の腫瘍径を測定した。腫瘍接種後3週では、F37AとF36C免疫群で有意に腫瘍増殖の抑制が認められた(図12d)。個々のマウスの腫瘍増殖は図12eに示した。OVA免疫群でも腫瘍増殖の抑制傾向が見られた。
外来抗原が抗原提示細胞に取りこまれ、MHC class I分子に抗原エピトープを提示するクロスプレゼンテーションの細胞内経路は、未だ不明な点が多い。クロスプレゼンテーションを介して強力に細胞性免疫を誘導できるF37Aがどのようなメカニズムで抗原提示するかを調べた。
Claims (11)
- 抗原タンパク質に由来するMHCクラスIエピトープ領域と、下記(1)及び(2)のいずれかであるスペーサー配列とが少なくとも3回交互に繰り返し連結したタンデムリピート構造を含むポリペプチド、又は該ポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、生体内で該ポリペプチドを発現可能な組換えベクターを有効成分として含有するワクチン。
(1) 前記MHCクラスIエピトープ領域と、前記抗原タンパク質と同一又は異なる抗原タンパク質に由来するMHCクラスIIエピトープ領域と、少なくとも1つの高次構造安定化領域とが、単一の塩基配列の異なる読み枠でコードされるように塩基配列を設計した時に、該塩基配列が必然的にコードするアミノ酸配列として生じる配列。
(2) (1)のアミノ酸配列のうち数個のアミノ酸が置換した配列。 - 抗原タンパク質に由来するMHCクラスIエピトープ領域と、下記(1)及び(2)のいずれかであるスペーサー配列とが少なくとも3回交互に繰り返し連結したタンデムリピート構造を含むポリペプチド、又は該ポリペプチドをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含み、生体内で該ポリペプチドを発現可能な組換えベクターを有効成分として含有するワクチン。
(1) 前記抗原タンパク質と同一又は異なる抗原タンパク質に由来するMHCクラスIIエピトープと、高次構造安定化領域とが、単一の塩基配列の異なる読み枠でコードされ、かつ、残りの読み枠で終止コドンが生じないように塩基配列を設計した時に、当該残りの読み枠で該塩基配列が必然的にコードするアミノ酸配列として生じる配列。
(2) (1)のアミノ酸配列のうち数個のアミノ酸が置換した配列。 - 前記MHCクラスIエピトープ領域と前記MHCクラスIIエピトープ領域が同一の抗原タンパク質に由来する、請求項1又は2記載のワクチン。
- 前記(2)の配列は、(1)のアミノ酸配列のうちの数個の残基からなる領域が、MHCクラスIIエピトープ領域又は高次構造安定化領域の一部に由来するアミノ酸配列に置換した配列である、請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
- 前記高次構造安定化領域が、αへリックス形成性領域及びβシート形成性領域から選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
- 前記(1)の配列は、1つの読み枠に前記MHCクラスIエピトープ領域がコードされ、他の1つの読み枠に前記MHCクラスIIエピトープ領域がコードされ、さらに他の1つの読み枠に少なくとも1つのαへリックス形成性領域がコードされるように前記塩基配列を設計した時に、MHCクラスIエピトープ領域をコードする読み枠内でMHCクラスIエピトープ領域に隣接して生じるアミノ酸配列である、請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
- 前記ポリペプチドは、N末端側領域及びC末端側領域の少なくともいずれか一方に前記MHCクラスIIエピトープ領域を含む、請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
- 前記抗原タンパク質が、腫瘍抗原、がん幹細胞抗原、ウイルス抗原、又は寄生虫抗原である請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
- 前記抗原タンパク質が、WT1、サバイビン、サバイビン-B2、MAGE-A3、MEGE-A4、チロシナーゼ、gp100、Melan-A、TRP-2、SNRPD1、CDK4、NY-ESO-1、HER2、MUC-1、CD20、又はp53である請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
- 前記ポリペプチドの等電点が6.0~8.6である請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
- トール様受容体経路を活性化するアジュバントと組み合わせて用いられる請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載のワクチン。
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PCT/JP2014/067355 WO2015002134A1 (ja) | 2013-07-02 | 2014-06-30 | 細胞性免疫誘導ワクチン |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017170494A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 抗肥満ワクチン |
JP2018530334A (ja) * | 2015-10-06 | 2018-10-18 | アンヴェクティInvectys | 免疫療法における使用のためのポリエピトープ構築物 |
JP2019508433A (ja) * | 2016-03-15 | 2019-03-28 | シアトル ジェネティクス,インコーポレーテッド | Liv1−adc及び化学療法剤を用いた併用療法 |
Families Citing this family (5)
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CA2626238C (en) | 2005-10-17 | 2015-10-06 | Sloan Kettering Institute For Cancer Research | Wt1 hla class ii-binding peptides and compositions and methods comprising same |
US9265816B2 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2016-02-23 | Sloan Kettering Institute For Cancer Research | Immunogenic WT-1 peptides and methods of use thereof |
AU2013207669C1 (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2018-05-31 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Immunogenic WT-1 peptides and methods of use thereof |
US10815273B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2020-10-27 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center | Immunogenic WT-1 peptides and methods of use thereof |
JP6486278B2 (ja) | 2013-01-15 | 2019-03-20 | メモリアル スローン ケタリング キャンサー センター | 免疫原性wt−1ペプチドおよびその使用法 |
Citations (1)
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JP2002119286A (ja) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-23 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | エピトープの免疫原性が増強された人工タンパク質 |
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AU785151B2 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2006-10-05 | Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services, The | Novel MHC class II restricted T cell epitopes from the cancer antigen, NY ESO-1 |
CA2519025A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-07 | The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Sec Retary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services, Centers For Disea | Immunogenic hiv-1 multi-clade, multivalent constructs and methods of their use |
JP2008509654A (ja) * | 2004-06-01 | 2008-04-03 | イノジェネティックス・ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ | C型肝炎ウイルスに対するctlおよび/またはhtl応答を誘導するためのペプチド |
US8435507B2 (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2013-05-07 | University Of Maryland | Prostate-specific antigen-derived MHC class II restricted peptides and their use in vaccines to treat or prevent prostate cancer |
US20090162405A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2009-06-25 | Yong Qian | Proteinase-engineered cancer vaccine induces immune responses to prevent cancer and to systemically kill cancer cells |
GB0717864D0 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2007-10-24 | Peptcell Ltd | Peptide sequences and compositions |
WO2009137795A2 (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-11-12 | University Of Massachusetts | Methods for treating endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress disorders |
FR2932681B1 (fr) * | 2008-06-20 | 2012-08-31 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Peptides immunogenes issus de la proteine midkine comme vaccin anticancereux |
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2014
- 2014-06-30 WO PCT/JP2014/067355 patent/WO2015002134A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-06-30 US US14/901,384 patent/US10898555B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-30 JP JP2015525203A patent/JP6406647B2/ja active Active
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2020
- 2020-12-15 US US17/121,823 patent/US20210100885A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-12-15 US US17/121,818 patent/US20210100884A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2002119286A (ja) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-23 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | エピトープの免疫原性が増強された人工タンパク質 |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018530334A (ja) * | 2015-10-06 | 2018-10-18 | アンヴェクティInvectys | 免疫療法における使用のためのポリエピトープ構築物 |
JP7000314B2 (ja) | 2015-10-06 | 2022-02-10 | アンヴェクティ | 免疫療法における使用のためのポリエピトープ構築物 |
JP2019508433A (ja) * | 2016-03-15 | 2019-03-28 | シアトル ジェネティクス,インコーポレーテッド | Liv1−adc及び化学療法剤を用いた併用療法 |
JP2022058676A (ja) * | 2016-03-15 | 2022-04-12 | シージェン インコーポレイテッド | Liv1-adc及び化学療法剤を用いた併用療法 |
US11325980B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2022-05-10 | Seagen Inc. | Combination therapy using a LIV1-ADC and a chemotherapeutic |
WO2017170494A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 抗肥満ワクチン |
JPWO2017170494A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2019-02-14 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 抗肥満ワクチン |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2015002134A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
US20210100884A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
US20160166665A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
US20210100885A1 (en) | 2021-04-08 |
JP6406647B2 (ja) | 2018-10-17 |
US10898555B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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