WO2014208223A1 - ノッキングセンサ - Google Patents
ノッキングセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014208223A1 WO2014208223A1 PCT/JP2014/063479 JP2014063479W WO2014208223A1 WO 2014208223 A1 WO2014208223 A1 WO 2014208223A1 JP 2014063479 W JP2014063479 W JP 2014063479W WO 2014208223 A1 WO2014208223 A1 WO 2014208223A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resistor
- film
- knocking sensor
- piezoelectric element
- case
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
- G01L23/22—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
- G01L23/221—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines
- G01L23/222—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines using piezoelectric devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
- G01L19/06—Means for preventing overload or deleterious influence of the measured medium on the measuring device or vice versa
- G01L19/0681—Protection against excessive heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
- G01L23/26—Details or accessories
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-resonant type knocking sensor that detects knocking occurring in an internal combustion engine.
- a sensor that is fixed at a mounting position of the internal combustion engine via a fixing member such as a bolt is known.
- This knocking sensor includes a piezoelectric element that is a sensor element and a support member that supports the piezoelectric element.
- the support member has an insertion hole formed at the center thereof, and a knocking sensor is fixed to the mounting position of the internal combustion engine via the fixing member by inserting a fixing member such as a bolt into the insertion hole.
- the above-mentioned knocking sensor is provided with a pair of electrodes for outputting a measured knocking signal to the outside, and a metal film resistor connecting between the electrodes is used (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).
- a metal film resistor connecting between the electrodes is used (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).
- Such metal film resistors are used in various sensors (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 to 4).
- JP 2006-300605 A Japanese Patent No. 3772558 Japanese Patent No. 4417186 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 09-007438
- a metal film resistor used for a knocking sensor As a metal film resistor used for a knocking sensor, a metal film resistor in which an outer surface of a resistor body having a metal film is covered with an exterior film made of an epoxy resin has been used.
- the metal film resistor described above has a problem that heat applied during the formation of the knocking sensor case and damage in the heat cycle test are large and there is a bottleneck in heat resistance.
- the epoxy resin which is the exterior film of the metal film resistor
- 66 nylon 6,6-nylon
- the fused metal coating expands and contracts in conjunction with each other, so that the metal coating is peeled off from the resistor body.
- the resistance value of the metal film resistor may deviate from a desired value and become high.
- a knocking sensor includes a support member, a piezoelectric element, a pair of electrode portions, a resistor, and a case.
- the support member has a cylindrical main body.
- the piezoelectric element is an annular piezoelectric element located on the outer periphery of the main body portion of the support member.
- the pair of electrode portions are positioned on the outer periphery of the main body portion of the support member, are stacked on the piezoelectric element, and draw an electric signal generated in the piezoelectric element to the outside.
- the resistor includes a resistor main body having a metal film, and is connected in parallel to the pair of electrode portions.
- the case is formed of a resin material that is formed outside the support member and surrounds at least the resistor, the piezoelectric element, and the electrode portion.
- the resistor has an outer film that covers the metal film.
- the outer coating is made of a resin material having a higher thermal deformation temperature than the resin material constituting the case.
- the resistor is covered with a material having a higher thermal deformation temperature than that of the resin constituting the case, for example, an outer film made of synthetic resin. Therefore, when forming the case of the knocking sensor or when heat is applied in the thermal cycle test, the outer coating can be prevented from being fused with the metal coating or the case. As a result, the metal film is difficult to peel off from the resistor main body, and the resistor easily keeps a desired resistance value.
- the knocking sensor may further include a pair of caps and an inner film.
- the pair of caps are a pair of metal caps that support the resistance main body, and may be electrically connected to the electrode portion and plated.
- the inner film may be provided between the outer film and the metal film, and may be made of a resin material having a denser film structure than the outer film.
- the heat resistance can be easily improved.
- the cap which is a component of the resistor
- the inner film having a dense film structure is provided, even if heat is applied to the knocking sensor and the plating melts, the inner film Can be kept outside. Therefore, compared with the case where the inner film is not provided, it becomes easier to suppress a change in resistance value due to the molten plating coming into contact with the metal film.
- the inner coating may cover at least an end portion of a contact surface between the metal coating and the cap.
- the inner coating so as to cover the end portion of the contact surface between the metal coating and the cap of the resistor main body, it becomes easier to improve the heat resistance. That is, even if heat is applied to the knocking sensor and the cap plating melts, the molten plating is retained in the same region by the inner coating. Thereafter, when the temperature of the knocking sensor is lowered, the molten plating is substantially solidified at the original position. Therefore, the penetration of the plating from the end portion of the contact surface is suppressed, and the variation of the resistance value is suppressed. That is, it becomes easy to suppress a change in resistance value due to heat.
- the resin material constituting the case may be any of 6,6-nylon, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyphenylene sulfide, and the resin material constituting the outer film is a silicone resin. May be.
- the thermal deformation temperature of silicone resin is one of 6,6-nylon, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyphenylene sulfide. Higher than. Therefore, the use of 6,6-nylon, polybutylene terephthalate, or polyphenylene sulfide as the resin constituting the case, and the use of silicone resin as the outer film of the resistor improves the heat resistance of the knocking sensor. Can be planned. That is, the resistor is covered with an outer film made of a silicone resin having a higher thermal deformation temperature than the resin constituting the case.
- the outer film can be prevented from being fused with the metal film or the case.
- the metal film is difficult to peel off from the resistor main body, and the resistor easily keeps a desired resistance value.
- the resistor is covered with an outer film made of a resin material having a higher thermal deformation temperature than the resin constituting the case. Is difficult to fuse with the case. For this reason, the metal film of the resistor is difficult to peel off, and the resistor can easily maintain a desired resistance value, so that the heat resistance can be improved.
- FIG. 1 It is a front view explaining the knocking sensor appearance concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing explaining the internal structure of the knocking sensor shown in FIG. It is an exploded view explaining the internal structure of the knocking sensor shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing explaining the internal structure of the resistor shown in FIG.
- SYMBOLS 1 Knocking sensor, 10 ... Support member, 11 ... Main-body part, 20 ... Lower surface side electrode part (electrode part), 30 ... Piezoelectric element, 40 ... Upper surface side electrode part (electrode part), 70 ... Resistor, 71 ... Resistance Main unit 73 ... Cap 74 ... Inner coating 75 ... Outer coating 72 ... Metal coating 80 ... Case
- a non-resonant knock sensor (hereinafter simply referred to as “knock sensor”) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
- the knocking sensor 1 according to the present embodiment is used for detecting knocking that occurs in an internal combustion engine.
- the knocking sensor 1 has various components housed inside a case 80.
- the case 80 is made of an insulating material, for example, a mold resin such as a synthetic resin.
- the case 80 will be described as applied to an example in which the case 80 is made of nylon.
- the knocking sensor 1 includes a support member 10, a lower surface side electrode part (electrode part) 20, a piezoelectric element 30, an upper surface side electrode part (electrode part) 40, and a weight member 50. , A nut 60 and a resistor 70 are provided. These components are housed in the case 80 described above.
- the case 80 constitutes the outer shape of the knocking sensor 1, and includes a cylindrical element storage portion 81 whose upper surface side (the upper side in FIG. 1 is shown below) is formed in a tapered shape, and an ignition timing control device. And a connector portion 82 for connecting an external connector connected to an external device.
- the connector portion 82 is formed to protrude outward from the outer peripheral wall of the element storage portion 81.
- the support member 10 is a member made of iron. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the support member 10 is mainly provided with a main body portion 11 and a flange portion 12.
- the main body 11 is a portion of the support member 10 formed in a cylindrical shape centering on the direction of the axis L.
- the collar portion 12 is a portion of the support member 10 that protrudes in a ring shape from the lower portion (the lower portion in FIGS. 2 and 3) of the main body portion 11 to the outside in the radial direction.
- a groove 14 is provided on the upper end side of the outer peripheral surface of the main body 11, and a groove 15 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the flange 12.
- the groove portion 14 and the groove portion 15 are for improving the adhesion between the case 80 and the main body portion 11.
- a screw groove 16 that meshes with the nut 60 is provided below the groove portion 14.
- the lower surface side electrode part 20 is mainly provided with an annular part 21 and a terminal part 22 projecting from the annular part 21.
- the annular portion 21 surrounds the outer periphery of the main body portion 11, is disposed in contact with the lower surface of the piezoelectric element 30, and is disposed in electrical contact with the piezoelectric element 30.
- the terminal portion 22 electrically connects the section from the lower surface (annular portion 21) of the piezoelectric element 30 to the connector portion 82, and is used as an energization path for electric signals output from the lower surface of the piezoelectric element 30. Is.
- the terminal portion 22 is bent to the upper surface side in accordance with the height of the connector portion 82 at a predetermined position.
- the piezoelectric element 30 is composed of a material having a piezoelectric effect, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), various ceramics such as barium titanate, various crystals such as quartz, and various organic materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride. Element.
- the piezoelectric element 30 is disposed at a position where the lower surface side electrode portion 20 is sandwiched between the piezoelectric element 30 and the flange portion 12.
- the piezoelectric element 30 is formed in an annular shape that surrounds the outer periphery of the main body 11 and has a rectangular cross section.
- the upper surface side electrode part 40 mainly includes an annular part 41 and a terminal part 42 protruding from the annular part 41.
- the annular portion 41 surrounds the outer periphery of the main body portion 11, is disposed in contact with the upper surface of the piezoelectric element 30, and is disposed in electrical contact with the piezoelectric element.
- the terminal portion 42 electrically connects the section from the upper surface (annular portion 41) of the piezoelectric element 30 to the connector portion 82, and is used as an energization path for an electric signal output from the upper surface of the piezoelectric element 30. Is.
- the terminal part 42 is bent to the upper surface side in accordance with the height of the connector part 82 at a predetermined position.
- the weight member 50 is a component formed of various metal materials such as brass, and is a component formed in an annular shape surrounding the outer periphery of the main body 11, as with the piezoelectric element 30.
- the point that the cross section is rectangular is the same as that of the piezoelectric element 30.
- the weight member 50 applies a load to the piezoelectric element 30, is disposed on the upper surface side of the piezoelectric element 30, and is disposed so as to sandwich the upper surface side electrode portion 40 with the piezoelectric element 30.
- the nut 60 is formed with a thread groove that meshes with the thread groove 16 of the main body part 11, and is fastened and fixed to the main body part 11 by being meshed (screwed) while rotating with respect to the thread groove 16. Is. Note that the nut 60 has a polygonal shape such as a hexagonal outer periphery, and can be tightened and fixed using a tool that can handle this shape.
- the resistor 70 is a metal film resistor, and is a resistor connected in parallel with the upper surface side electrode portion 40 and the lower surface side electrode portion 20 as shown in FIG.
- the resistor 70 includes a resistance body 71 having a metal film 72, a cap 73 that supports the resistance body 71, an inner film 74 that encloses the resistor body 71 and the cap 73, and an inner film.
- An outer coating 75 is mainly provided.
- the configuration of the resistor main body 71 a known configuration can be used and is not particularly limited. In this embodiment, description will be made by applying to an example in which a ceramic resistance body 71 is wrapped with a metal film 72.
- the metal film 72 covering the resistor main body 71 may be a Ni—Cr (nickel-chromium) alloy film or a metal glaze film, and the type thereof is not particularly limited.
- the cap 73 is a holding member that sandwiches and holds the resistance main body 71 from both sides, and also electrically connects the resistance main body 71 to the upper surface side electrode portion 40 and the lower surface side electrode portion 20.
- description will be made by applying to an example of a cap 73 in which a skeleton formed of iron is tin-plated.
- the inner film 74 is a film made of an epoxy resin and has a dense film structure as compared with the outer film 75.
- the inner film 74 covers the periphery of the resistor main body 71 and the cap 73 and is disposed so as to exist at least at the boundary of the contact surface between the metal film 72 of the resistor main body 71 and the cap 73, that is, at the end of the contact surface. .
- the outer film 75 is a film made of a silicone resin, and has a higher thermal deformation temperature than 66 nylon which is a resin constituting the case 80.
- the outer coating 75 covers the periphery of the inner coating 74, the resistor main body 71, and the cap 73, and prevents these members from being in contact with the case 80.
- the knocking sensor 1 is assembled first by stacking the lower surface side electrode portion 20, the piezoelectric element 30, the upper surface side electrode portion 40, and the weight member 50 in this order from the lower surface side to the upper surface side. At this time, the lower surface side electrode portion 20, the piezoelectric element 30, the upper surface side electrode portion 40, and the weight member 50 are disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the main body portion 11 in the support member 10.
- the operation of electrically connecting the terminal portion 22 of the lower surface side electrode portion 20 and the terminal portion 42 of the upper surface side electrode portion 40 via the resistor 70 is also performed.
- an operation of screwing the nut 60 into the screw groove 16 of the support member 10 is performed, and the lower surface side electrode portion 20, the piezoelectric element 30, and the upper surface side electrode portion are interposed between the flange portion 12 of the support member 10 and the nut 60. 40.
- the weight member 50 is sandwiched and fixed.
- the knocking sensor 1 is completed by the above operation.
- an end portion on the lower surface side of the flange portion 12 of the support member 10 is exposed from the lower surface side of the case 80, and an end portion on the upper surface side of the main body portion 11 of the support member 10 from the upper surface side of the case 80. Is formed to be exposed.
- the connector part 82 is formed so that a part of the terminal part 22 of the lower surface side electrode part 20 and the terminal part 42 of the upper surface side electrode part 40 are exposed inside.
- the knocking sensor 1 has a lower surface (specifically, a lower surface of the flange portion 12 of the support member 10) in contact with an optimal location of the internal combustion engine (generally a mounting portion of the cylinder block). It is attached.
- the abnormal vibration When abnormal vibration such as knocking occurs in the internal combustion engine, the abnormal vibration reaches the piezoelectric element 30 via the flange 12 of the support member 10, and an electric signal output from the piezoelectric element 30 in response to the abnormal vibration is generated on the lower surface.
- the signal is output from the terminal part 22 of the side electrode part 20 and the terminal part 42 of the upper surface side electrode part 40 to an external device.
- the resistor 70 is covered with the outer film 75 made of a material having a higher heat deformation temperature than 66 nylon, that is, a silicone resin. Therefore, even when the case 80 of the knocking sensor 1 is formed or when heat is applied in a thermal cycle test, the film does not fuse with the case 80. As a result, the metal film 72 of the resistor 70 does not peel off, and the resistor 70 can continue to maintain a desired resistance value, and the heat resistance of the knocking sensor 1 can be improved.
- the heat resistance of the knocking sensor 1 can be easily improved. That is, when the cap 73 which is a component of the resistor 70 is tin-plated, if the inner film 74 having a dense film structure is provided between the outer film 75 and the metal film 72, knocking is performed. Even if heat is applied to the sensor 1 and the plating melts, it can be kept outside the inner coating 74. Therefore, compared with the case where the inner film 74 is not provided, it becomes easier to suppress a change in the resistance value of the resistor 70 due to the molten plating coming into contact with the metal film 72.
- the inner coating 74 so as to cover the end portion of the contact surface between the metal coating 72 of the resistor main body 71 and the cap 73, it becomes easier to improve the heat resistance. That is, even if heat is applied to the knocking sensor 1 and the plating of the cap 73 is melted, the molten plating is retained in the substantially same region by the inner film 74. Thereafter, when the temperature of the knocking sensor 1 is lowered, the molten plating is substantially solidified at the original position. Therefore, the infiltration of the plating from the end portion of the contact surface is suppressed, and the fluctuation of the resistance value of the resistor 70 is suppressed. That is, it becomes easy to suppress a change in resistance value due to heat. Therefore, the penetration of the plating from the end portion of the contact surface is suppressed, and the variation of the resistance value is suppressed. That is, it becomes easy to suppress a change in resistance value due to heat.
- the thermal deformation temperature of the silicone resin is higher than the thermal deformation temperature of 6,6-nylon. Therefore, the heat resistance of the knocking sensor 1 can be improved by using 6,6-nylon as the resin constituting the case 80 and using the silicone resin as the outer film 75 of the resistor 70. That is, the resistor 70 is covered with the outer film 75 made of a silicone resin having a higher thermal deformation temperature than that of 6,6-nylon constituting the case 80. Therefore, the outer coating 75 does not fuse with the metal coating 72 or the case 80 when the case 80 is formed or when heat is applied in the thermal cycle test. As a result, the metal film 72 is not easily peeled off from the resistor main body 71, and the resistor 70 can easily keep a desired resistance value.
- 6,6-nylon may be used as the resin constituting the case 80, or the case 80 may be constituted by using polybutylene terephthalate or polyphenylene sulfide, which is particularly limited. It is not a thing.
- the configuration of the knocking sensor 1 to which the resistor 70 is applied may be the form described in the above embodiment, or may be a knocking sensor having another form.
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Abstract
Description
支持部材は、筒状の本体部を有する。圧電素子は、前記支持部材の前記本体部の外周に位置する環状の圧電素子である。一対の電極部は、前記支持部材の前記本体部の外周に位置し、前記圧電素子に積層され、前記圧電素子に発生する電気信号を外部に引き出す。抵抗器は、金属皮膜を有する抵抗本体を備え、前記一対の電極部と並列接続される。ケースは、前記支持部材の外側に形成され、前記抵抗器、前記圧電素子および前記電極部を少なくとも包囲する樹脂材料で構成されている。前記抵抗器は、前記金属皮膜を覆う外側皮膜を有する。外側皮膜は、前記ケースを構成する樹脂材料と比較して熱変形温度が高い樹脂材料で構成される。
このように抵抗本体の金属皮膜とキャップとの接触面の端部を覆うように内側皮膜を配置することにより、耐熱性の向上をより図りやすくなる。つまり、ノッキングセンサに熱が加えられてキャップのメッキが溶融したとしても、溶融したメッキは内側皮膜により概ね同じ領域に留め置かれる。その後ノッキングセンサの温度が下がると溶融したメッキも概ね元の位置で固化する。そのため、接触面の端部からのメッキの浸入が抑制され、抵抗値の変動が抑制される。つまり、熱による抵抗値の変化を抑制しやすくなる。
本実施形態に係るノッキングセンサ1は、内燃機関に発生するノッキングの検出に用いられるものである。ノッキングセンサ1は、図1に示すようにケース80の内部に種々の構成部品が収納されている。ケース80は絶縁性を有する材料、例えば合成樹脂などのモールド樹脂から形成されている。本実施形態では、ケース80をナイロンから形成している例に適用して説明する。
ノッキングセンサ1の組み立て作業は、下面側電極部20、圧電素子30、上面側電極部40、および錘部材50を、下面側から上面側に向けて、この順に積層する作業を最初に行う。このとき、下面側電極部20、圧電素子30、上面側電極部40、および錘部材50は、支持部材10における本体部11の外周を取り囲むように配置されている。
次に、ナット60を支持部材10のネジ溝16に螺合する作業を行い、支持部材10の鍔部12とナット60との間で、下面側電極部20、圧電素子30、上面側電極部40、錘部材50を、挟み込み固定する。
Claims (4)
- 筒状の本体部を有する支持部材と、
前記支持部材の前記本体部の外周に位置する環状の圧電素子と、
前記支持部材の前記本体部の外周に位置し、前記圧電素子に積層され、前記圧電素子に発生する電気信号を外部に引き出す一対の電極部と、
金属皮膜を有する抵抗本体を備え、前記一対の電極部と並列接続される抵抗器と、
前記支持部材の外側に形成され、前記抵抗器、前記圧電素子および前記電極部を少なくとも包囲する樹脂材料で構成されたケースと、
が設けられたノッキングセンサであって、
前記抵抗器は、前記ケースを構成する樹脂材料と比較して熱変形温度が高い樹脂材料で構成されるとともに前記金属皮膜を覆う外側皮膜を有するノッキングセンサ。 - 前記抵抗本体を支持する一対の金属製のキャップであって、前記電極部と電気的に接続されるとともに、メッキが施されたキャップをさらに備え、
前記外側皮膜と前記金属皮膜の間に、前記外側皮膜よりも緻密な膜構造を有する樹脂材料で構成された内側皮膜が設けられている請求項1記載のノッキングセンサ。 - 前記内側皮膜は、少なくとも前記金属皮膜と前記キャップとの接触面の端部を覆う請求項2記載のノッキングセンサ。
- 前記ケースを構成する樹脂材料は6,6-ナイロン、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、およびポリフェニレンサルファイドのいずれかであり、前記外側皮膜を構成する樹脂材料はシリコーン樹脂である請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のノッキングセンサ。
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CN201480036813.4A CN105339768B (zh) | 2013-06-25 | 2014-05-21 | 爆震传感器 |
DE112014003013.9T DE112014003013B4 (de) | 2013-06-25 | 2014-05-21 | Klopfsensor |
US14/923,561 US10094727B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2014-05-21 | Knocking sensor |
JP2014543700A JP6181663B2 (ja) | 2013-06-25 | 2014-05-21 | ノッキングセンサ |
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JP2013-132832 | 2013-06-25 | ||
JP2013132832 | 2013-06-25 |
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JP (1) | JP6181663B2 (ja) |
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JP2019027919A (ja) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-02-21 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 内燃機関 |
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FR3059774B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-05-10 | Continental Automotive France | Capteur de cliquetis a collerette inferieure percee de trous d'accroche |
FR3091928B1 (fr) * | 2019-01-17 | 2022-04-15 | Continental Automotive | Circuit électrique flexible encadrant un élément piézoélectrique de capteur accéléromètre |
CN111896171A (zh) * | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-06 | 纬湃汽车电子(长春)有限公司 | 爆震传感器 |
JP7331662B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-27 | 2023-08-23 | 住友電装株式会社 | センサ装置 |
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US10094727B2 (en) | 2018-10-09 |
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JP6181663B2 (ja) | 2017-08-16 |
DE112014003013B4 (de) | 2023-08-31 |
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CN105339768A (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
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