WO2014203895A1 - 廃電子基板からの金属の回収方法 - Google Patents
廃電子基板からの金属の回収方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014203895A1 WO2014203895A1 PCT/JP2014/066038 JP2014066038W WO2014203895A1 WO 2014203895 A1 WO2014203895 A1 WO 2014203895A1 JP 2014066038 W JP2014066038 W JP 2014066038W WO 2014203895 A1 WO2014203895 A1 WO 2014203895A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- metal
- glass
- waste electronic
- electronic substrate
- Prior art date
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 33
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 Lu) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical group [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/025—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper, or baths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/046—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper or baths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
- C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/04—Obtaining lead by wet processes
- C22B13/045—Recovery from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering various types of metals (rare metal, noble metal, other metals) from waste electronic substrates.
- Patent Document 1 Although the method of Patent Document 1 is suitable for recovering metals that are easily reduced, such as copper and silver, most of the rare metals are difficult to reduce, and thus it is difficult to recover by the method of Patent Document 1. In addition, for a metal that is easily reduced, a number of treatment steps are required to take out the metal from the treated product after carbonization, which is troublesome.
- This invention is made
- the present invention by melting a waste electronic substrate together with glass, a glass phase, a melting step for forming a metal phase due to a metal contained in at least one of the waste electronic substrate and the glass, and the glass phase A metal recovery step of separating and recovering the metal phase; and an acid extraction step of bringing the glass phase into contact with an acid solution, the glass phase comprising a first phase mainly composed of silica, and a first phase Also includes a second phase having high solubility in an acid solution, and in the acid extraction step, the second phase is dissolved in the acid solution together with the residual metal contained therein, and the acid solution in which the residual metal is dissolved is recovered.
- a method for recovering metal from a waste electronic substrate is provided.
- the inventors of the present invention have studied a method for efficiently recovering various metals from a waste electronic substrate.
- a single metal or a metal compound contained in the glass or the waste electronic substrate Examples: Oxides, nitrides
- Oxides, nitrides that are easily reduced form a metal phase (a lump of metal) at the bottom of the melt formed by melting the glass.
- metal phase a lump of metal
- the glass phase formed together with the metal phase includes a first phase mainly composed of silica and a second phase having a higher solubility in an acid solution than that. Since most of the rare metal is contained in the second phase, it was found that the rare metal can be easily recovered by dissolving the second phase with an acid solution and recovering the acid solution.
- this method can be used to recover the metal in the glass when the waste electronic substrate does not contain the metal for recovery and the metal for recovery is contained only in the glass. I understood. Therefore, according to the present invention, the metal contained in at least one of the waste electronic substrate and the glass can be efficiently recovered.
- the method further includes a step of recovering the residual metal dissolved in the acid solution.
- the melting is performed in the presence of a reducing agent added separately from the waste electronic substrate.
- the reducing agent is carbon.
- the melting is performed in the presence of a phase separation accelerator added separately from the waste electronic substrate.
- the phase separation accelerator is at least one of a boron source, a phosphorus source, an iron source, and a barium source.
- the method further comprises a phase separation accelerator recovery step of recovering the phase separation accelerator from the acid solution after the acid extraction step.
- the phase separation accelerator recovered in the phase separation accelerator recovery step is reused.
- the melting is performed in the presence of at least one of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and Mg.
- a method for recovering metal from a waste electronic substrate includes: a metal phase resulting from melting a waste electronic substrate together with glass; and a metal resulting from a metal contained in at least one of the waste electronic substrate and the glass
- the acid solution in which the residual metal is dissolved is recovered.
- a waste electronic substrate is melted together with glass to form a glass phase and a metal phase resulting from a metal contained in at least one of the waste electronic substrate and the glass.
- This glass phase includes a first phase mainly composed of silica and a second phase having higher solubility in an acid solution than the first phase.
- the waste electronic board mainly targeted by the present embodiment is an electronic board mounted on a discarded electronic device (such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, or a personal computer).
- a discarded electronic device such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, or a personal computer.
- a large number of electronic components such as coils, capacitors, resistors, and semiconductor chips are mounted on the circuit board, and each electronic component and circuit board contains many kinds of metals. Therefore, in this embodiment, such many kinds of metals are efficiently recovered from the waste electronic substrate.
- metals to be treated include rare metals (for example, Li, Be, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Ga, Ge, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, In, Sb, Te.
- the processing of the waste electronic substrate may be performed by the method of the present embodiment, or the processing other than the waste electronic substrate may be performed together. For example, some electronic components are discarded without being mounted on a circuit board, but such waste electronic components may be processed together with the waste electronic substrate.
- the metal to be collected may be included only in the waste electronic substrate, may be included in both the waste electronic substrate and the glass, or may be included only in the glass. For example, for the purpose of recovery of lead, by melting the waste electronic substrate that does not contain lead with lead glass, the lead oxide in the lead glass is reduced by the organic matter in the waste electronic substrate to recover lead May be.
- the waste electronic substrate may have both a role as a metal source to be collected and a role as a supply source of a reducing agent (carbon) for reducing a metal compound to obtain a simple metal. It may have only a role as a metal source without containing, or it may have only a role as a supply source of a reducing agent without containing a metal to be recovered.
- a reducing agent carbon
- the waste electronic substrate is crushed and then subjected to heat treatment as it is, but this embodiment is characterized by melting the waste electronic substrate together with glass.
- carbon contained in the waste electronic substrate is carbonized, and a metal phase is not formed.
- the single metal in the waste electronic substrate is removed.
- the metal phase is collected by flowing as it is or by collecting metal compounds (general names such as metal oxides and metal nitrides) in waste electronic substrates and metal oxides in glass as a single metal flowing into the metal phase. Is formed, and the remaining portion becomes a glass phase.
- the “glass phase” is a phase containing a glassy substance as a main component, and a substance that is not vitrified may be partially contained.
- the mass ratio of the waste electronic substrate to the glass is preferably 0.05 to 0.5, specifically, for example, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0 .3, 0.4, 0.5, and may be within a range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here. This is because if the amount of waste electronic substrates is too small, the amount of metal that can be recovered is small, and if there are too many waste electronic substrates, a metal phase is difficult to form.
- the type of glass to be melted together with the waste electronic substrate is not particularly limited as long as it contains silica, but in one example, heavy metal (eg, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, selenium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese, nickel) And glass containing silica. Since glass containing heavy metals cannot be disposed of in landfills as it is, it is highly significant to recover the heavy metals from the glass by the method of this embodiment to render the glass harmless.
- the glass is preferably lead glass containing lead and silica. Lead glass is used in the funnel portion of a cathode ray tube, and in recent years, a large amount of cathode ray tube has been discarded, so the processing of lead glass has become a problem.
- silica (SiO 2 ) in the glass used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 30 to 99% by mass, and specifically, for example, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 , 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 99 mass%, and may be within a range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here.
- the heavy metal content in the glass is, for example, 0.02 to 50% by mass in terms of oxide (PbO when the heavy metal is lead), and specifically 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, for example. , 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 mass%, and may be within a range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here.
- the melting of the waste electronic substrate and the glass is preferably performed in a state where the waste electronic substrate and the glass are crushed and powdered. This is because by melting in such a state, the waste electronic substrate and the glass are easily mixed, and the metal (metal simple substance or metal compound) in the waste electronic substrate or glass flows and a metal phase is easily formed.
- the pulverization of the waste electronic substrate and the glass is not necessarily essential, and the waste electronic substrate and the glass that have not been pulverized may be melted, or one of the waste electronic substrate and the glass may be melted. Good.
- the melting temperature of the waste electronic substrate and the glass is, for example, 900 to 1500 ° C. If the melting temperature is too low, the viscosity of the glass will not be sufficiently low, and the flow of the metal alone or the metal compound may be insufficient, making it difficult to form a metal phase. If the melting temperature is too high, energy consumption will be reduced. Because it becomes excessive. Specifically, the melting temperature is, for example, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500 ° C., and between any two of the numerical values exemplified here It may be within the range. The melting time is, for example, 0.2 to 5 hours.
- the melting time is, for example, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 hours. It may be within a range between any two of the numerical values.
- the waste electronic substrate and the glass can be crushed using a ball mill or a commercially available vibration mill.
- the particle diameter of the crushed waste electronic substrate is, for example, less than 1000 ⁇ m, preferably less than 500 ⁇ m, and more preferably less than 250 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the crushed glass powder is, for example, less than 2000 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably less than 500 ⁇ m.
- “the particle size is less than X ⁇ m” means that the sieve has an opening of X ⁇ m through the sieve.
- the melting of the waste electronic substrate and the glass may be performed in the presence of a reducing agent added separately from the waste electronic substrate.
- a reducing agent added separately from the waste electronic substrate.
- the waste electronic substrate contains sufficient carbon to reduce the metal compound contained in the waste electronic substrate and the glass, it is not necessary to add a reducing agent separately, but the carbon content in the waste electronic substrate is If it is not sufficient, the metal compound can be effectively reduced to a metal by adding a reducing agent separately.
- the kind of the reducing agent is not particularly limited as long as it can reduce the waste electronic substrate and the metal compound in the glass, and is, for example, powdery carbon (eg, graphite).
- the amount of carbon added is not particularly limited as long as it is sufficient for the reduction of the metal compound.
- the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the glass is preferably 0.005 to 0.2, specifically, for example, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15,. 2 and may be within a range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here. If the amount of carbon added is too small, the reduction of the metal compound tends to be insufficient, and if it is too large, the carbon remains unreacted and is wasted, and if the carbon remains unburned, it can be burned into black glass. This is because problems occur in the subsequent acid extraction step.
- the melting of the waste electronic substrate and the glass may be performed in the presence of a phase separation accelerator added separately from the waste electronic substrate.
- the phase separation accelerator is added in the glass phase to form a second phase having higher solubility in an acid solution than the first phase mainly composed of silica, and this purpose can be achieved.
- the type is not particularly limited.
- the waste electronic substrate may contain a metal that functions as a phase separation accelerator. In that case, it is not necessary to add a phase separation accelerator separately. However, there are cases where it is unclear what kind of metal is contained in the waste electronic substrate. In that case, by adding a phase separation accelerator separately, it is ensured that the first phase and the second phase in the glass phase. Can be formed.
- the phase separation accelerator is, for example, at least one of a boron source, a phosphorus source, an iron source, and a barium source.
- a boron source include boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), and sodium tetraborate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ).
- the phosphorus source include phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ), phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), and sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ).
- the iron source include iron (II) oxide (FeO) and iron (III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ).
- An example of the barium source is barium oxide (BaO).
- the addition amount of the phase separation accelerator may be an amount sufficient to separate the metal by phase separation, and the mass ratio of the phase separation accelerator to glass is preferably 0.01 to 0.5. Specifically, for example, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. It may be within a range between any two. This is because if the amount of the phase separation accelerator added is too small, the phase separation tends to be insufficient, and if it is too large, the amount of silica extracted in the acid extraction step increases.
- the reducing agent and the phase separation accelerator may be added before melting the waste electronic substrate and the glass, and may be melted together with the waste electronic substrate and the glass.
- the reducing agent and the phase separation accelerator may be introduced into the melt.
- the reducing agent and the phase separation accelerator may be added at the same time or may be added separately.
- the reducing agent can be added before melting the waste electronic substrate and the glass, and the phase separation accelerator can be put into the melt.
- the melting is preferably performed in the presence of at least one of an alkali metal (eg, Na, K), an alkaline earth metal (eg, Ca), and Mg.
- alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and Mg are collectively referred to as “alkali (earth) metals”.
- Alkali (earth) metals reduce the viscosity of the glass, so melting in the presence of alkali (earth) metals increases the fluidity of the glass phase and facilitates the formation of a metal phase. Further, since the melting temperature can be lowered, energy consumption can be reduced.
- Alkali (earth) metals may be contained in the raw glass or may be added separately.
- the content of the alkali (earth) metal may be appropriately adjusted so that the viscosity of the glass at the time of melting is appropriate.
- the mass ratio of the alkali (earth) metal to the glass in terms of oxide is 0.02-1, specifically, for example, 0.02, 0.5, 0.1, 0.2, 0 .3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1 and may be within a range between any two of the numerical values exemplified here. . This is because if the content of the alkali (earth) metal is too small, the increase in the fluidity of the glass phase is insufficient, and if it is too large, the amount of silica extracted increases.
- Metal recovery step the metal phase formed in the melting step is separated and recovered.
- the metal alone in the waste electronic substrate flows as it is, or the metal compound in the waste electronic substrate and the metal oxide in the glass are reduced to the metal.
- the metal phase is formed by flowing and gathering. This metal phase collects at the bottom of the crucible or the heating furnace by the action of gravity and becomes a lump, so that it can be easily recovered.
- those that are relatively easily reduced Ni, In, Sb, Ag, Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, Pb, etc.
- those that are relatively difficult to reduce are hardly recovered at all in the metal recovery step, and most are recovered in the acid extraction step.
- the glass phase obtained in the melting step includes a first phase mainly composed of silica and a second phase having higher solubility in an acid solution than the first phase. Most of the residual metal in the glass phase (metal not recovered in the metal recovery process) is present in the second phase.
- the glass phase is brought into contact with an acid solution, whereby the second phase is dissolved in the acid solution together with the residual metal contained therein, and the acid solution in which the residual metal is dissolved is recovered. Thereby, the residual metal is recovered.
- the type of the acid solution is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the second phase and the residual metal and does not dissolve the first phase, and examples thereof include nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and organic acids (such as citric acid). .
- the acid concentration is, for example, 1 to 5 N.
- the amount of the acid is appropriately set depending on the solubility of the second phase and the residual metal, and is, for example, 1 to 100 mL with respect to 1 g of the glass phase.
- the method of bringing the glass phase into contact with the acid solution is not particularly limited, and the glass phase may be immersed in the acid solution as it is without being crushed, or may be immersed after being crushed into glass powder. Stirring and shaking may be performed in the immersed state.
- the dipping time is appropriately set depending on the concentration of the acid solution, the composition of the glass, etc., and is, for example, 6 to 36 hours. This is because if the length is too short, the second phase is not sufficiently dissolved, and if the length is too long, the amount of the first phase dissolved increases.
- the temperature of the acid solution is not particularly limited, and may be room temperature or heated.
- the glass phase When the glass phase is brought into contact with the acid solution and subjected to solid-liquid separation by filtration or the like, the glass phase is separated into only the first phase and the extract in which the second phase and the residual metal are dissolved.
- This extract contains various metals that cannot be recovered by the reduction method (eg, rare metals).
- Various metals can be extracted from this extract by methods such as neutralization, solvent extraction, crystallization, and adsorption. Can be recovered.
- phase separation accelerator when a phase separation accelerator is used, the phase separation accelerator can be crystallized and recovered from the extract, and the recovered phase separation accelerator can be reused.
- the acid solution is brought into contact with the glass phase while being heated to, for example, 70 to 90 ° C.
- the phase separation accelerator crystallizes due to the temperature dependence of the solubility, and this is recovered by filtration or the like.
- the extract After recovering residual metal and phase separation accelerator from the extract by the above method, the extract can be used again as an acid solution in the acid extraction step.
- the amount of waste can be extremely reduced.
- FIGS. 2 to 10 show the analysis results of the glass phase and the metal phase.
- the meanings of the horizontal and vertical axes in these figures are as follows.
- Sub / Pb-glass the mass of waste electronic board for lead glass ratio
- B 2 O 3 / Pb-glass weight ratio of B 2 O 3 with respect to the lead glass
- C / Pb-glass the mass ratio of carbon to lead glass
- FIG. 2 shows the analysis results for Si.
- FIG. 2A shows the content of Si in the glass phase and the ratio of Si extracted in the acid extraction step (Si extraction rate) when the amount of waste electronic substrate added is changed.
- Si extraction rate the ratio of Si extracted in the acid extraction step
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show the analysis results for Pb.
- FIGS. 3A and FIG. 3B show the content of Pb in the glass phase and the ratio of Pb extracted in the acid extraction step (Pb extraction rate) when the amount of waste electronic substrate added is changed.
- FIG. 3 (b) shows the distribution ratio of Pb to the glass phase when the amount of waste electronic substrate added is changed. Referring to the circle plot in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, the content of Pb in the glass phase and the distribution ratio of Pb to the glass phase decrease as the amount of waste electronic substrate added increases.
- the Pb extraction rate increases as the amount of waste electronic substrate added increases.
- the metal that functions as a phase separation accelerator is contained in the waste electronic substrate, and the amount of the metal that functions as the phase separation accelerator increases as the amount of the waste electronic substrate added increases. it is conceivable that. Further, when the mass ratio of the waste electronic substrate to lead glass is 0.2 or more, the extraction rate becomes almost 100%, and the remaining glass (mainly the first phase mainly composed of silica) is rendered harmless. I understand that
- FIGS. 3C to 3D the amount of B 2 O 3 added was changed.
- the content of Pb in the glass phase and the distribution ratio of Pb to the glass phase decrease as the amount of B 2 O 3 added increases.
- the reason is considered to be that the viscosity of the glass phase decreases with the increase in the amount of B 2 O 3 added, and Pb flows and easily collects in the metal phase.
- the extraction rate when the mass ratio of B 2 O 3 with respect to the lead glass is 0.02 or more, it becomes almost 100%, it can be seen that the glass remaining is harmless.
- FIGS. 5 (b) The analysis results for Fe are shown in FIGS. Referring to FIG. 5 (b), the distribution ratio of Fe to the glass phase is almost 100% regardless of the added amount of the waste electronic substrate, and in the melting process at 1100 ° C., the Fe is not reduced but almost the whole amount. Is contained in the glass phase. Further, referring to the plot of ⁇ in FIG. 5 (a), it can be seen that the content of Fe in the glass phase increases as the amount of waste electronic substrate added increases. 5A, it can be seen that the Fe extraction rate is a high value of about 90 to 100% regardless of the amount of waste electronic substrate added. Further, referring to FIGS.
- the content of Fe in the glass phase and the distribution ratio to the glass phase are not affected by the addition amount of B 2 O 3 , and the extraction rate of Fe is When B 2 O 3 is not added, it is about 88%. However, when B 2 O 3 is added even slightly, the extraction rate of Fe becomes a high value of about 90 to 100%.
- FIGS. Cu shows similar results to Ni in any of the content in the glass phase, the distribution rate to the glass phase, and the extraction rate, but FIGS. 7 (c) to (d) and FIGS. 9 (c) to (c) As can be seen from the comparison of d), when B 2 O 3 was not added or when the addition amount was very small, the extraction rate was very low for Ni, whereas the extraction rate was about 90% for Cu. The difference is that the value is high.
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Abstract
Description
廃電子基板の処理方法として、特許文献1では、廃電子基板を粉砕した後にロータリーキルンで炭化処理し、ロータリーキルンから排出された処理物を解砕し、篩分けを行った後に、磁力選別機及び渦電流選別機を用いて、金属の分離を行なっている。
好ましくは、前記酸溶液中に溶解した前記残留金属を回収する工程をさらに備える。
好ましくは、前記溶融は、前記廃電子基板とは別に添加された還元剤の存在下で行われる。
好ましくは、前記還元剤は、炭素である。
好ましくは、前記溶融は、前記廃電子基板とは別に添加された分相促進剤の存在下で行われる。
好ましくは、前記分相促進剤は、ホウ素源、リン源、鉄源、及びバリウム源のうちの少なくとも1つである。
好ましくは、前記酸抽出工程後の酸溶液から前記分相促進剤を回収する分相促進剤回収工程をさらに備える。
好ましくは、前記分相促進剤回収工程で回収した前記分相促進剤が再利用される。
好ましくは、前記溶融は、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、及びMgの少なくとも一つの存在下で行われる。
以下、各工程について詳細に説明する。
溶融工程では、廃電子基板をガラスと共に溶融することによってガラス相と、前記廃電子基板と前記ガラスの少なくとも一方に含まれる金属に起因する金属相を形成する。このガラス相は、シリカを主成分とする第一相と、第一相よりも酸溶液に対する溶解度が高い第二相を含む。
廃電子基板及びガラス中に含まれる金属化合物を還元するのに十分な炭素が廃電子基板含まれている場合には還元剤を別途添加する必要がないが、廃電子基板中の炭素含有量が十分でない場合には、還元剤を別途添加することによって金属化合物を効果的に還元して金属にすることができる。還元剤は、廃電子基板及びガラス中の金属化合物を還元させることができるものであればその種類は特に限定されず、例えば、粉末状の炭素(例:黒鉛)である。炭素の添加量は、特に限定されず、金属化合物の還元に十分な量であればよい。ガラスに対する還元剤の質量比は、好ましくは、0.005~0.2であり、具体的には例えば、0.005、0.01、0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2であり、ここで例示した数値の何れか2つの間の範囲内であってもよい。炭素の添加量が少なすぎると、金属化合物の還元が不十分になりやすく、多すぎると炭素が未反応で残り、無駄であることと、炭素が燃え残ると真っ黒なガラスと燃えかすができてしまい、その後の酸抽出工程において不具合が出てしまうからである。
金属回収工程では、上記溶融工程で形成された金属相を分離して回収する。本実施形態では、廃電子基板をガラスと共に溶融しているので、廃電子基板中の金属単体がそのまま流動したり、廃電子基板中の金属化合物やガラス中の金属酸化物が還元されて金属になって流動したりして集まることによって金属相が形成される。この金属相は、重力の作用によってルツボや加熱炉の底に集まって塊になるので、容易に回収することができる。なお、廃電子基板及びガラスに含まれる金属のうち、比較的還元されやすいもの(Ni、In、Sb、Ag、Pd、Pt、Au、Cu,Pbなど)は、その多くが金属相に含まれてこの金属回収工程で回収される。一方、廃電子基板及びガラスに含まれる金属のうち、比較的還元されにくいものは、金属回収工程ではほとんど又は全く回収されず、大部分が酸抽出工程で回収される。
上記溶融工程で得られたガラス相には、シリカを主成分とする第一相と、第一相よりも酸溶液に対する溶解度が高い第二相が含まれている。ガラス相中の残留金属(金属回収工程で回収されなかった金属)の大部分は、第二相中に存在する。
図1のフローチャートに従って、廃電子基板からの金属回収の実証実験を行った。この実証実験では、廃電子基板、還元剤(炭素(カーボンパウダー))、分相促進剤(B2O3)の添加量を変化させて実験を行った。
1-1.溶融工程
まず、鉛ガラス(PbO:22.1%、SiO2:54.9%)を破砕し、目開き500μmの篩を通過させて得られた鉛ガラス粉(5g)と、パーソナルコンピュータからの廃電子基板を破砕し、目開き250μmの篩を通過させて得られた廃電子基板粉と、B2O3と、炭素、Na2CO3を、乳鉢上で混合し、アルミナるつぼに全量移し入れた。
次に、るつぼにふたをして、1100℃に加熱した管状電気炉に入れ、Airを0.4mL/minで流しながら90min加熱して廃電子基板を鉛ガラス粉と共に溶融し(20min加熱した時点で蓋をずらした。)、その後、電気炉から取り出し、室温で冷却した。
次に、るつぼを破砕し、球状に沈殿した金属相をガラス相から分離して取り出した。
ガラス相の重量Mgは、溶融後のるつぼ及び試料の重量Mmeltedから、るつぼのみの重量Mcと金属相の重量Mmetalを引くことによって算出した。
Mg=Mmelted-Mc-Mmetal
ガラス相は、<500μmに粉砕し、0.5gをポリ容器に取り、2mol/L硝酸25mLを添加した。24時間、振とう撹拌した後、1μmメンブランフィルターでろ過した。ICP-MSにより抽出液中の金属濃度を分析した。
2-1.ガラス相の分析
ガラス相は、<500μmに粉砕し、PFA製のねじ口瓶に0.2gを取った。硝酸10mL、フッ化水素酸10mLをメスフラスコに入れ、純水で100mLに希釈した溶液を、50mL添加し、超音波洗浄機で2時間超音波を照射しながら分解した。分解液中の金属濃度をICP-MSにより分析した。
金属相は、全量をポリ容器に取り、2mol/L硝酸20mLを添加し、80℃で加温分解した。
分解液を0.45μmメンブレンフィルターでろ過し、純水で100mLに希釈した(分解液A)。
メンブレンフィルター上に残った残さをフィルターごとPFA製のねじ口瓶に移し、2倍希釈した王水20mLを添加した。80℃に加熱し、残さを完全に分解した(分解液B)。
分解液A、分解液B中の金属濃度をICP-MSによりそれぞれ分析し、その結果から金属相中の金属含有量を算出した。
ガラス相及び金属相の分析結果を図2~図10に示す。これらの図での横軸・縦軸の意味は、以下の通りである。
Sub/Pb-glass:鉛ガラスに対する廃電子基板の質量比
B2O3/Pb-glass:鉛ガラスに対するB2O3の質量比
C/Pb-glass:鉛ガラスに対する炭素の質量比
ガラス相中への分配率={Mg/(Mg+Mm)}×100
(Me:抽出液中の含有量、Mg:ガラス相中の含有量、Mm:金属相中の含有量)
Sub/Pb-glass=0.2
B2O3/Pb-glass=0.15
Na2O/Pb-glass=0.15 (Na2CO3/Pb-glass=約0.257)
C/Pb-glass=0
Siについての分析結果を図2に示す。
図2(a)は、廃電子基板の添加量を変化させた場合の、Siのガラス相中の含有量と、酸抽出工程で抽出されたSiの割合(Si抽出率)を示す。○のプロットを参照すると、廃電子基板の添加量が増えてもSiのガラス相中の含有量がほとんど変化しないこと分かる。この結果は、Siのほぼ全量が鉛ガラス由来であることを示している。また、●のプロットを参照すると、鉛ガラスに対する廃電子基板の質量比が大きくなるにつれて抽出率が低下していることが分かる。Siは、シリカを主成分とする第一相に分配されるべきものであって、抽出されるべきでないので、この観点からは、鉛ガラスに対する廃電子基板の質量比は0.2以上が好ましいことが分かる。
Pbについての分析結果を図3~図4に示す。
図3(a)は、廃電子基板の添加量を変化させた場合の、Pbのガラス相中の含有量と、酸抽出工程で抽出されたPbの割合(Pb抽出率)を示す。図3(b)は、廃電子基板の添加量を変化させた場合の、Pbのガラス相への分配率を示す。図3(a)の○のプロット及び図3(b)を参照すると、廃電子基板の添加量の増大に伴ってPbのガラス相中の含有量及びPbのガラス相への分配率が減少していることが分かる。この減少の理由としては、廃電子基板の炭素の増加に伴って酸化鉛が還元されやすくなったことと、廃電子基板に含まれる金属によってガラス相の粘性が低下し、その結果、Pbが流動して金属相に集まりやすくなったことが考えられる。但し、図4(a)~(b)に示すように、炭素の添加量を増やしてもPbのガラス相中の含有量及びPbのガラス相への分配率は大きくは減少しないことを考えると、後者(ガラス相の粘性低下)が主要因であると考えられる。また、図4(a)~(b)は、炭素を全く添加しない場合でも、ガラス相への分配率が約42%になり、抽出率は、100%近くになっている。この結果は、鉛ガラス中の酸化鉛が廃電子基板に含まれる炭素によって還元されたことを示している。そして、廃電子基板に回収対象の金属である鉛が含まれているかどうかに関わらず、廃電子基板を安価な炭素源として利用して鉛ガラス中の鉛を回収することができることを示している。
Feについての分析結果を図5~図6に示す。
図5(b)を参照すると、Feのガラス相への分配率は、廃電子基板の添加量によらずにほぼ100%であり、1100℃での溶融工程ではFeは還元されずにほぼ全量がガラス相中に含まれる。また、図5(a)の○のプロットを参照すると、廃電子基板の添加量の増大に伴ってFeのガラス相中の含有量が増大していることが分かる。また、図5(a)の●のプロットを参照すると、廃電子基板の添加量によらずにFeの抽出率は約90~100%という高い値であることが分かる。さらに、図5(c)~(d)を参照すると、Feのガラス相中の含有量及びガラス相への分配率は、B2O3の添加量の影響を受けず、Feの抽出率は、B2O3を添加しない場合は88%程度であるが、B2O3をわずかでも添加するとFeの抽出率が約90~100%という高い値になった。
Niについての分析結果を図7~図8に示す。
図7(b)を参照すると、Niのガラス相への分配率は、廃電子基板の添加量の増大に伴って低下していることが分かる。また、図7(c)の●のプロットを参照すると、Niの抽出率は、B2O3を添加しないか又は添加量が非常に少ない場合は低いが、鉛ガラスに対するB2O3の質量比が0.05以上になると、Niの抽出率が大幅に高くなり、ほぼ100%になることが分かる。また、図7(c)の○のプロット及び図7(d)を参照すると、鉛ガラスに対するB2O3の質量比が0.05以上になると、Niのガラス相中の含有量及びガラス相への分配率が大幅に低下することが分かった。これらの結果は、一定量以上のB2O3が存在していると、Niが金属相に移動しやすくなることと、ガラス相中のNiが第二相に移動しやすくなることを意味している。
Cuについての分析結果を図9~図10に示す。
Cuは、ガラス相中の含有量、ガラス相への分配率、抽出率の何れにおいても、Niと類似した結果を示すが、図7(c)~(d)と図9(c)~(d)の対比から分かるように、B2O3を添加しないか又は添加量が非常に少ない場合に、Niでは抽出率が非常に低かったのに対し、Cuでは抽出率が約90%という非常に高い値となった点が異なっている。
上述した共通条件で金属回収実験を行い、種々の金属について、金属相及びガラス相中の含有量、及びガラス相からの抽出率を調べた。その結果を表1に示す。
表1に示すように、Ni、Pd、In、Sbを除く全てのレアメタルとFeは、ほぼ全量がガラス相に分配されていた。また、ガラス相からの抽出率は、金属の種類に依存するが、レアメタルの多くは、高い抽出率でガラス相から抽出することができた。従って、レアメタルの多くは、本発明の方法によって廃電子基板から抽出液に分離することができ、この抽出液を処理することによって回収できることが分かった。
「1-1.溶融工程」で作製した廃電子基板粉のみを「1-1.溶融工程」で示した方法で加熱した。その結果、ガラス相及び金属相が形成されず、廃電子基板粉が炭化された物体がるつぼ内に残り、金属を回収することができなかった。
Claims (9)
- 廃電子基板をガラスと共に溶融することによってガラス相と、前記廃電子基板と前記ガラスの少なくとも一方に含まれる金属に起因する金属相を形成する溶融工程と、
前記ガラス相から前記金属相を分離して回収する金属回収工程と、
前記ガラス相を酸溶液と接触させる酸抽出工程とを備え、
前記ガラス相は、シリカを主成分とする第一相と、第一相よりも酸溶液に対する溶解度が高い第二相を含み、
前記酸抽出工程では、前記第二相をその中に含まれる残留金属と共に前記酸溶液に溶解させ、前記残留金属が溶解した前記酸溶液を回収する、廃電子基板からの金属の回収方法。 - 前記酸溶液中に溶解した前記残留金属を回収する工程をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記溶融は、前記廃電子基板とは別に添加された還元剤の存在下で行われる、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記還元剤は、炭素である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記溶融は、前記廃電子基板とは別に添加された分相促進剤の存在下で行われる、請求項1~請求項4の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記分相促進剤は、ホウ素源、リン源、鉄源、及びバリウム源のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記酸抽出工程後の酸溶液から前記分相促進剤を回収する分相促進剤回収工程をさらに備える、請求項1~請求項6の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記分相促進剤回収工程で回収した前記分相促進剤が再利用される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記溶融は、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、及びMgの少なくとも一つの存在下で行われる、請求項1~請求項8の何れか1つに記載の方法。
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CN105618468A (zh) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-01 | 无锡宇辰工业污泥处理技术研究院有限公司 | 一种危险固体废物的资源化处理方法 |
CN105728435A (zh) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-06 | 无锡宇辰工业污泥处理技术研究院有限公司 | 一种资源化处理固体废物的助剂 |
CN106167854A (zh) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-11-30 | 天津理工大学 | 一种从废含铅玻璃中回收金属铅和制取水玻璃的方法 |
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AU2017204580B2 (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2021-11-04 | Australian Minerals Research Pty Ltd | A method of recovering a substance |
CN108149018B (zh) * | 2017-12-31 | 2019-07-02 | 西北有色金属研究院 | 一种Bi系超导线带材中Ag的回收方法 |
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