WO2014196651A1 - 血液フィルター及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
血液フィルター及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014196651A1 WO2014196651A1 PCT/JP2014/065249 JP2014065249W WO2014196651A1 WO 2014196651 A1 WO2014196651 A1 WO 2014196651A1 JP 2014065249 W JP2014065249 W JP 2014065249W WO 2014196651 A1 WO2014196651 A1 WO 2014196651A1
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Images
Classifications
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- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3627—Degassing devices; Buffer reservoirs; Drip chambers; Blood filters
- A61M1/3633—Blood component filters, e.g. leukocyte filters
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/82—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74 characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F230/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D143/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D143/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/04—Liquids
- A61M2202/0413—Blood
- A61M2202/0439—White blood cells; Leucocytes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blood filter and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the present invention is useful as a leukocyte removal filter that can selectively remove leukocytes from whole blood and a method for producing the same.
- Blood products are generally pharmaceutical products containing human blood or products obtained therefrom as active ingredients, and are roughly classified into blood products for blood transfusion and plasma fractionated products.
- Blood products for blood transfusion are preparations (component preparations) obtained by separating and preparing components such as red blood cells, platelets, and plasma from whole human blood (whole blood) or from human blood. It has been broken.
- plasma fraction preparation is a product obtained by separating and purifying plasma proteins necessary for treatment from human blood plasma for each type, and mainly includes albumin preparation, immunoglobulin preparation and blood coagulation factor preparation. It is done.
- Blood products for blood transfusion are treated to remove leukocytes before storage as one of the safety measures. This is intended to reduce side effects such as fever reaction and infection caused by leukocytes.
- Leukocyte removal before storage includes a mechanical removal method using a blood collection device or a filtration method using a leukocyte removal filter. For example, the number of white blood cells contained in one bag of blood product for blood transfusion is 1 ⁇ 10. It is recommended to reduce it to 6 or less.
- a filter method using a fibrous porous element such as a nonwoven fabric or a non-fibrous porous element such as porous ceramics as a filter material is widely used because of its ease of operation and low cost.
- Various techniques for coating the surface of the filter material with a surface treatment agent have been reported to improve the leukocyte removal efficiency and platelet recovery efficiency of these filter materials.
- a coating agent for example, a polymer having a nonionic hydrophilic group and a basic nitrogen-containing functional group, specifically, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate 97 mol% and N
- a copolymer comprising 3 mol% of N, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate has been reported (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the monomer component includes a monomer (A) having a hydrophilic functional group, a monomer (B) having a basic functional group, and a monomer (C) having a reactive functional group, with a predetermined molar ratio.
- a copolymer having a predetermined molar ratio has been reported (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- adhesion and activation of platelets are suppressed by the monomers (A) and (B), leukocytes are selectively adsorbed, and the base material of the surface treatment agent is further absorbed by the monomer (C). It is said that the surface treatment agent is not detached (eluted) from the substrate during the production and use.
- a substrate having a polymer material on the surface thereof containing a cation and an anion in the side chain is Is known to have an action of preventing the adsorption of biological substances (proteins, cells, etc.) by being electrically neutral.
- Coating materials using these functions have also been proposed, and in recent years, various reports have been made regarding methods for fixing and fixing to glass or polymer substrates.
- a coating film obtained by heat-treating a film formed from a polymer-containing coating solution having a phosphate ester group at 200 to 450 ° C. has excellent durability while maintaining protein non-adsorbing properties (See, for example, Patent Document 3), and they are expected as coating materials that suppress adhesion of various biological substances in medical instruments, equipment, and the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a blood filter and a method for producing the same, in particular, a leukocyte removing filter capable of selectively removing leukocytes from blood and a method for producing the same. More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a leukocyte removal filter having improved leukocyte removal efficiency and platelet collection efficiency and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors are expected to be a coating material that exhibits adhesion to leukocytes but is not a conventional coating agent that suppresses adhesion / activation of platelets, but has an ability to suppress adhesion of various biological substances including leukocytes. Attention was paid to the polymer having a phosphoric acid ester group, and it was studied earnestly. As a result, a porous element having at least a part of the surface coated with a copolymer containing a specific organic group can be selected by appropriately selecting the size of the pores of the porous element. Has been found to be useful as a blood filter with improved removal efficiency and recovery efficiency of the desired blood component, allowing it to pass through without adsorbing other blood components. . That is, the present invention is as follows:
- a porous element and a repeating unit containing an organic group represented by the following formula (a) and a repeating unit containing an organic group represented by the following formula (b) present on at least a part of the surface of the porous element Copolymer containing units:
- U a1 , U a2 , U b1 , U b2 and U b3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and
- An ⁇ represents a halogen atom
- a blood filter comprising an anion selected from the group consisting of fluoride ions, inorganic acid ions, hydroxide ions and isothiocyanate ions;
- the repeating units containing an organic group represented by the above formulas (a) and (b) are represented by the following formulas (A) and (B): (Wherein, T a , T b , U a1 , U a2 , U b1 , U b2 and U b3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Q a and Q b each independently represent a single bond, an ester bond or an amide bond, and R a and R b each independently represent 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- An ⁇ represents an anion selected from the group consisting of halide ion, inorganic acid ion, hydroxide ion and isothiocyanate ion, and m represents an integer of 0 to 6
- the blood filter according to 1 above which is a repeating unit derived from a monomer represented by:
- the copolymer is further represented by the following formula (C) or (D): (Wherein T c , T d and U d each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R c and R d each independently represent: 4.
- T c and T d each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- U d represents a hydrogen atom
- R c and R d each independently represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, 4.
- the repeating units containing an organic group represented by the above formulas (a) and (b) are represented by the following formulas (A) and (B): (Wherein, T a , T b , U a1 , U a2 , U b1 , U b2 and U b3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Q a and Q b each independently represent a single bond, an ester bond or an amide bond, and R a and R b each independently represent 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- An ⁇ represents an anion selected from the group consisting of halide ions, inorganic acid ions, hydroxide ions and isothiocyanate ions, and m represents an integer of 0 to 6.
- the production method according to 7 above which is a repeating unit derived from a monomer represented by:
- or 10 including the process of wash
- the blood filter of the present invention uses a porous element whose surface is coated with a copolymer containing a specific organic group and appropriately selects the pore size of the porous element. Only the blood component can be captured.
- the blood filter of the present invention is a leukocyte removal filter, which uses a porous element whose surface is coated with a copolymer containing a specific organic group, and the pore size of the porous element. (Preferably, the average pore size is 20 ⁇ m or less)
- leukocyte removal efficiency and platelet recovery efficiency which can capture leukocytes but allow other blood components to pass through without being adsorbed, have been improved. Is.
- the captured white blood cells may be collected and used.
- the surface of the porous element is coated with a copolymer containing an anion represented by the formula (a) and a cation represented by the formula (b). It is considered that the electrostatic balance between the cation and the anion keeps the surface of the porous element electrically neutral and prevents the adsorption of blood components.
- the cation and anion in the coating form an ionic bond (ion complex), which can be fixed regardless of the type of substrate such as glass, fiber, inorganic particle or resin (synthetic resin and natural resin).
- the coating is excellent in durability to an aqueous solvent (water, phosphate buffer (PBS), alcohol, etc.). That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a blood filter having excellent durability in addition to the leukocyte removal efficiency and platelet recovery efficiency.
- (A) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the blood filter of Example 3 after being used in Test Example 1 (magnification 2000 times).
- (B) is an SEM image (a magnification of 6000 times) obtained by enlarging a part of (a).
- (A) is an SEM image of the blood filter of Comparative Example 1 after being used in Test Example 1 (magnification 2000 times).
- (B) is an SEM image obtained by enlarging a part of (a) (10000 ⁇ magnification).
- (A) is the SEM image of the blood filter of Comparative Example 7 after being used in Test Example 5 (magnification 2000 times).
- (B) is an SEM image obtained by enlarging a part of (a) (10000 ⁇ magnification).
- Examples of blood in the present invention include peripheral blood, bone marrow fluid and umbilical cord blood.
- the leukocytes removed or collected by the blood filter of the present invention include granulocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, helper T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes. , Suppressor T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, mononuclear cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, myeloblasts, leukemia cells and the like.
- a first aspect of the present invention includes a porous element; and a repeating unit containing an organic group represented by the following formula (a) present on at least a part of the surface of the porous element;
- U a1 , U a2 , U b1 , U b2 and U b3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and
- An ⁇ represents a halogen atom
- a blood filter comprising an anion selected from the group consisting of chloride ions, inorganic acid ions, hydroxide ions and isothiocyanate ions).
- the “porous element” that can be used in the blood filter of the present invention means a sheet-like or granular (bead-like) porous structure having continuous pores.
- a porous structure may be in any form of a known filter material. Examples thereof include a fibrous porous body such as a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a fiber lump, or a sponge-like porous material.
- the porous element is preferably a nonwoven fabric from the viewpoints of handling and availability, and low cost.
- the material for the porous element for example, glass, metal-containing compound or metalloid-containing compound, activated carbon or resin can be used.
- the metal-containing compound or metalloid-containing compound examples include ceramics, semiconductors such as silicon, semiconductor oxides, metal oxides, or metalloid oxides, which are sintered bodies that are baked and hardened by heat treatment at high temperatures. (Solid oxides such as silicon oxide and alumina), metal solids or metalloid carbides, metal nitrides or metalloid nitrides (silicon nitride, etc.), inorganic solid materials such as molded bodies of inorganic compounds such as metal borides or metalloid borides , Aluminum, nickel titanium, stainless steel (SUS304, SUS316, SUS316L, etc.).
- the resin may be either a natural resin or a synthetic resin.
- the natural resin include cellulose, cellulose triacetate (CTA), cellulose having dextran sulfate immobilized thereon
- the synthetic resin includes, for example, Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyester polymer alloy (PEPA), polystyrene (PS), polysulfone (PSF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyurethane (PU), ethylene vinyl Examples include alcohol (EVAL), polyethylene (PE), polyester (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), various ion exchange resins, or polyethersulfone (PES).
- PAN Polyacrylonitrile
- PEPA polyester polymer alloy
- PS polystyrene
- PSF polysulfone
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PMMA polyvinyl alcohol
- the material of the fibrous porous body synthesis of polyamide, aromatic polyamide, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polystyrene, polymethyl (meth) acrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-4-methylpentene, etc.
- examples thereof include fibers and regenerated fibers such as cellulose and cellulose acetate.
- Non-fibrous porous materials include polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-4-methylpentene, polyvinyl formal, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetal, polyester, polyamide, polyetherimide, poly (meth)
- the porous material include acrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyimide.
- the pore size of the porous element can be appropriately selected according to the size of the blood component to be captured or recovered.
- a pore size sufficient to capture (or collect) leukocytes and allow other blood components to pass through may be selected.
- the pore size of the leukocyte removal filter is an average pore diameter of 20 ⁇ m or less, preferably an average pore diameter of 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average pore diameter can be calculated from, for example, an electron micrograph.
- the blood filter of the present invention is characterized in that at least a part of the surface of the porous element is coated with a specific copolymer.
- the copolymer according to the present invention is a copolymer containing a repeating unit containing an organic group represented by the following formula (a) and a repeating unit containing an organic group represented by the following formula (b):
- U a1 , U a2 , U b1 , U b2 and U b3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- An ⁇ represents a halogen atom Represents an anion selected from the group consisting of fluoride ion, inorganic acid ion, hydroxide ion and isothiocyanate ion).
- the copolymer according to the present invention is a copolymer including a repeating unit containing an organic group represented by the above formula (a) and a repeating unit containing an organic group represented by the above formula (b).
- the copolymer is preferably obtained by radical polymerization of a monomer containing an organic group represented by the above formula (a) and a monomer containing an organic group represented by the above formula (b). Those obtained by polycondensation and polyaddition reaction can also be used.
- Examples of the copolymer include vinyl polymer polymer reacted with olefin, polyamide, polyester, polycarbonate, polyurethane and the like.
- vinyl polymer polymer or (meth) acrylate compound reacted with olefin was polymerized.
- a (meth) acrylic polymer is desirable.
- the (meth) acrylate compound means both an acrylate compound and a methacrylate compound.
- (meth) acrylic acid means acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
- the monomers containing the organic groups represented by the above formulas (a) and (b) are represented by the following formulas (A) and (B), respectively:
- T a , T b , U a1 , U a2 , U b1 , U b2 and U b3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- Q a and Q b each independently represent a single bond, an ester bond or an amide bond
- R a and R b each independently represent 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- An ⁇ represents an anion selected from the group consisting of halide ions, inorganic acid ions, hydroxide ions and isothiocyanate ions
- m represents an integer of 0 to 6. It is a monomer represented by Therefore, the repeating units derived from the monomers represented by the formulas (A) and (B) are represented by the following formulas (a1) and (b1):
- examples of the “straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms” include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, 3-methylbutyl group, 1,1-dimethylpropyl group, 1,2-dimethylpropyl group, 2,2-dimethylpropyl group or 1 -An ethylpropyl group is mentioned.
- ester bond means —C ( ⁇ O) —O— or —O—C ( ⁇ O) —
- the “linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom” means a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or one or more halogen atoms. Means a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and substituted with
- the “linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms” is a divalent organic group in which one hydrogen atom is further removed from the alkyl group, and examples thereof include a methylene group, an ethylene group, and a propylene group.
- an ethylene group, a propylene group, an octamethylene group, and a decamethylene group are preferable, and a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as an ethylene group, a propylene group, a trimethylene group, and a tetramethylene group are more preferable.
- An ethylene group or a propylene group is particularly preferable.
- a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with one or more halogen atoms means that one or more arbitrary hydrogen atoms of such an alkylene group are replaced with halogen atoms. In particular, those in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the ethylene group or propylene group are replaced with halogen atoms are preferred.
- halogen atom includes fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom.
- halide ion means an anion of a halogen atom, and includes fluoride ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, and iodide ion, and preferably chloride ion.
- inorganic acid ion means carbonate ion, sulfate ion, phosphate ion, hydrogen phosphate ion, dihydrogen phosphate ion, nitrate ion, perchlorate ion or borate ion.
- the above An ⁇ is preferably a halide ion, sulfate ion, phosphate ion, hydroxide ion and isothiocyanate ion, and particularly preferably a halide ion.
- T a and T b are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, more preferably each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. It is.
- U a1 , U a2 , U b1 , U b2 and U b3 are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or An ethyl group.
- U a1 and U a2 are more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- U b1 , U b2 (and U b3 ) are more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group.
- Q a and Q b are preferably each independently an ester bond (—C ( ⁇ O) —O— or —O—C ( ⁇ O) —) or amide A bond (—NHC ( ⁇ O) — or —C ( ⁇ O) NH—), and more preferably each independently represented by —C ( ⁇ O) —O— or —C ( ⁇ O) NH—. And —C ( ⁇ O) —O— is particularly preferable.
- R a and R b are preferably each independently a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, More preferably, they are each independently an ethylene group or a propylene group, or an ethylene group or a propylene group substituted with one chlorine atom, and particularly preferably an ethylene group or a propylene group.
- m preferably represents an integer of 0 to 3, more preferably an integer of 1 or 2, and particularly preferably 1.
- formula (A) examples include vinylphosphonic acid, acid phosphooxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-chloro-2-acid phosphooxypropyl (meth) acrylate, acid phosphooxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and acid phospho Examples include oxymethyl (meth) acrylate, acid phosphooxypolyoxyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, and acid phosphooxypolyoxypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate.
- These compounds may contain a (meth) acrylate compound having two functional groups as represented by the general formula (C) or (D) described later at the time of synthesis.
- formula (B) examples include dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (t-butylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate, and methacryloyl.
- Choline chloride and the like can be mentioned, among which dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, methacryloylcholine chloride or 2- (t-butylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate is preferably used.
- the proportion of the repeating unit containing the organic group represented by the formula (a) in the copolymer (or the repeating unit represented by the formula (a1)) is from 20 mol% to 80 mol%, preferably 30 It is from mol% to 70 mol%, more preferably from 40 mol% to 60 mol%.
- the copolymer which concerns on this invention may contain the repeating unit (or repeating unit represented by Formula (a1)) containing the 2 or more types of organic group represented by Formula (a).
- the ratio of the repeating unit containing the organic group represented by the formula (b) in the copolymer (or the repeating unit represented by the formula (b1)) is based on the formula (a) ( Or the remainder which subtracted the ratio of Formula (a1)) may be sufficient, and the remainder which subtracted the total ratio of the said Formula (a) (or Formula (a1)) and the 3rd component described below may be sufficient.
- the copolymer which concerns on this invention may contain the repeating unit (or repeating unit represented by Formula (b1)) containing the organic group represented by 2 or more types of formula (b).
- an optional third component may be copolymerized.
- a (meth) acrylate compound having two or more functional groups may be copolymerized as the third component, and a part of the polymer may be partially three-dimensionally crosslinked.
- a third component for example, the following formula (C) or (D):
- T c , T d and U d each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R c and R d each independently represent:
- a bifunctional monomer represented by a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom that is, the copolymer according to the present invention preferably contains a crosslinked structure derived from such a bifunctional monomer.
- T c and T d are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and more preferably each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. It is.
- U d is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R c and R d are preferably each independently a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, More preferably, they are each independently an ethylene group or a propylene group, or an ethylene group or a propylene group substituted with one chlorine atom, and particularly preferably an ethylene group or a propylene group.
- Preferred examples of the bifunctional monomer represented by the formula (C) include ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate.
- the bifunctional monomer represented by the formula (D) is preferably bis (methacryloyloxymethyl) phosphate, bis [2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphate, bis [2- (methacryloyloxy) propyl phosphate ] Etc. are mentioned.
- the optional third component may be a trifunctional monomer.
- a trifunctional monomer as the third component include phosphiniridine tris (oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) triacrylate.
- ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate represented by the following formula (C-1) and bis [2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphate represented by the following formula (D-1) are particularly preferable. .
- the copolymer may contain one or more of these third components.
- the bifunctional monomer represented by the formula (D) is preferable, and the bifunctional monomer represented by the formula (D-1) is particularly preferable.
- the ratio of the crosslinked structure derived from the third component in the copolymer, for example, the bifunctional monomer represented by the formula (C) or (D) is 0 mol% to 50 mol%.
- ⁇ Method for producing copolymer> As a method for synthesizing the copolymer according to the present invention, it can be synthesized by methods such as radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, and cationic polymerization, which are general methods for synthesizing acrylic polymer or methacrylic polymer.
- the form can be various methods such as solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization and bulk polymerization.
- the reaction solvent may be water, an alcohol such as a phosphate buffer solution or ethanol, or a mixed solvent in combination of these, but it is preferable to contain water or ethanol. Furthermore, it is preferable that 10 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less of water or ethanol are included. Furthermore, it is preferable to contain 50 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less of water or ethanol. Furthermore, it is preferable to contain 80% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less of water or ethanol. Furthermore, it is preferable that 90 mass% or more and 100 mass% or less of water or ethanol are included. The total of water and ethanol is preferably 100% by mass.
- the concentration in the reaction solvent of the monomer containing the organic group represented by the formula (a) and the monomer containing the organic group represented by the formula (b) is 0.01% by mass. It is preferable to set it as 4 to 4 mass%.
- the concentration is 4% by mass or more, for example, the copolymer may gel in the reaction solvent due to the strong association property of the phosphate group represented by the formula (a).
- the concentration is 0.01% by mass or less, since the concentration of the obtained varnish is too low, it is difficult to produce a coating film forming composition for obtaining a coating film having a sufficient film thickness. More preferably, the concentration is 0.01 mass% to 3 mass%, for example 3 mass% or 2 mass%.
- an acidic phosphate monomer (half salt) described in Formula (1) may be prepared and then polymerized to prepare a copolymer.
- the phosphoric acid group-containing monomer is a monomer that easily associates, when dropped into the reaction system, it may be dropped little by little in the reaction solvent so that it can be quickly dispersed. Further, the reaction solvent may be heated (for example, 40 ° C. to 100 ° C.) to increase the solubility of the monomer and polymer.
- polymerization initiators include 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) ), 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid), 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 1,1'-azobis (cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile) 1-[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl) azo] formamide, 2,2′-azobis [2- (2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis [2 -(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane], 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis [2-methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) propion
- the addition amount of the polymerization initiator is 0.05% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total weight of the monomers used for the polymerization.
- the reaction conditions are as follows.
- the reaction vessel is heated to 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. with an oil bath or the like and stirred for 1 hour to 48 hours, more preferably 80 ° C. to 150 ° C. for 5 hours to 30 hours.
- a copolymer according to the invention is obtained.
- the reaction atmosphere is preferably a nitrogen atmosphere.
- all the reactants may be put in a reaction solvent at room temperature and then heated to the above temperature for polymerization, or all or a part of the mixture of reactants may be placed in a preheated solvent. You may add it little by little.
- the concentration of the compound represented by the above formula (A) or (B) in the reaction solvent may be, for example, 0.01% by mass to 10% by mass. it can. In this case, even if the concentration exceeds 4% by mass, the dropping phase and the reaction phase become a transparent and uniform solution before the reaction, and the gelation of the copolymer after the reaction in the reaction solvent can be suppressed.
- the molecular weight of the copolymer according to the present invention may be about several thousand to several million, preferably 5,000 to 5,000,000. More preferably, it is 10,000 to 2,000,000.
- any of a random copolymer, a block copolymer, and a graft copolymer may be used, and the copolymerization reaction itself for producing the copolymer is not particularly limited, and includes radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, and photopolymerization.
- a method synthesized in a known solution such as polymerization, macromer, polymerization using emulsion polymerization, or the like can be used.
- any one of the copolymers of the present invention can be used alone, or a plurality of copolymers can be mixed and the ratio thereof can be changed.
- the various copolymers thus produced may be two-dimensional polymers or three-dimensional polymers, and are in a state of being dispersed in a solution containing water. That is, it is not preferable that the varnish containing these polymers can cause non-uniform gelation or cloudiness precipitation, and is preferably a transparent varnish, a dispersed colloidal varnish, or a sol.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a copolymer comprising a repeating unit containing an organic group represented by the following formula (a) and a repeating unit containing an organic group represented by the following formula (b):
- the copolymer is coated on at least a part of the surface of the porous element.
- the porous element and the copolymer are as described in the above items ⁇ Porous element> and ⁇ Copolymer>, respectively.
- the coating step is not particularly limited, and may be performed by any coating means (for example, application, immersion, etc.) known to those skilled in the art that can contact the porous element and the copolymer.
- it can be carried out by applying a varnish containing a copolymer to a porous element, or by immersing the porous element in a varnish containing a copolymer.
- the porous element is immersed in a varnish containing a copolymer.
- the varnish containing the copolymer may be prepared by dissolving the copolymer obtained in the above item ⁇ Method for producing copolymer> in a suitable solvent at a desired concentration, or such a production method.
- the reaction solution containing the copolymer obtained in (1) may be used as a varnish as it is or after being diluted to a desired solid content concentration.
- the solvent contained in the varnish include water, phosphate buffer (PBS), and alcohol.
- the concentration of the copolymer in the varnish is 0.01 to 4% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass, and still more preferably 0.01 to 1% by mass. %.
- concentration of the copolymer is 0.01% by mass or less, a coating having a sufficient film thickness cannot be formed.
- the copolymer concentration is 4% by mass or more, the storage stability of the varnish is deteriorated, and precipitation of a dissolved substance or gel is caused. May occur.
- other substances can be added to the varnish as necessary in a range that does not impair the performance of the coating obtained.
- examples of other substances include preservatives, surfactants, primers that enhance adhesion to the base material (porous element), fungicides, and saccharides.
- the pH of the varnish containing the copolymer may be adjusted in advance.
- the pH adjustment may be carried out, for example, by adding a pH adjusting agent to the varnish containing the copolymer so that the varnish has a pH of 3.5 to 8.5, preferably 4.0 to 8.0.
- the kind and amount of the pH adjuster that can be used are appropriately selected according to the concentration of the copolymer in the varnish, the abundance ratio of the anion and cation of the copolymer, and the like.
- pH adjusters include ammonia, diethanolamine, pyridine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, organic amines such as tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane; alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; Alkali metal halides such as potassium and sodium chloride; inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid or alkali metal salts thereof; quaternary ammonium cations such as choline; or a mixture thereof (for example, phosphate buffered saline) Etc.).
- alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide
- Alkali metal halides such as potassium and sodium chloride
- inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid or alkali metal salts thereof
- quaternary ammonium cations such as choline; or a mixture thereof (for example, phosphate buffered
- ammonia, diethanolamine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, sodium hydroxide and choline are preferable, and ammonia, diethanolamine, sodium hydroxide and choline are particularly preferable.
- a varnish containing such a copolymer is brought into contact with the porous element to form a coating on at least a part of its surface.
- the coating is desirably formed over the entire surface of the porous element.
- the surface of the porous element may be subjected to a known UV / ozone treatment and washed before the coating step.
- a cleaning step can be performed using a commercially available UV / ozone cleaner or the like.
- the coated porous element is dried at a temperature of ⁇ 200 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- the solvent in the composition for forming a coating film is removed by drying, and the formulas (a) and (b) of the copolymer according to the present invention form ionic bonds and are completely fixed to the substrate.
- the thickness of the coating of the blood filter of the present invention is preferably 10 to 1000 mm, more preferably 10 to 500 mm.
- the present inventors do not require treatment at a high temperature, and a coating having a desired characteristic is formed on the surface of the porous element by the treatment at a low temperature. It was found to be excellent in durability despite a thin film thickness of about several hundreds of tons.
- Drying can be performed, for example, at room temperature (10 ° C. to 35 ° C., for example, 25 ° C.), but may be performed, for example, at 40 ° C. to 50 ° C. in order to form a coating film more quickly. Further, it may be carried out at an extremely low temperature to a low temperature (around ⁇ 200 ° C. to ⁇ 30 ° C.) by freeze drying. Freeze-drying is called vacuum freeze-drying, and is a method in which what is usually dried is cooled with a refrigerant and the solvent is removed by sublimation in a vacuum state.
- Common refrigerants used in freeze drying include dry ice and methanol mixed media ( ⁇ 78 ° C.), liquid nitrogen ( ⁇ 196 ° C.), and the like.
- a more preferable drying temperature is 10 ° C. to 180 ° C., and a more preferable drying temperature is 25 ° C. to 150 ° C.
- the surface of the coated porous element may be washed with an alcohol having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as ethanol and / or water before and / or after the drying step.
- This washing step can be carried out at a temperature of 0 ° C. to 60 ° C., preferably 25 ° C. (room temperature) to 40 ° C. for 30 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- the material is selected from the group consisting of water and an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte.
- the aqueous solution containing water or electrolyte may be heated in the range of 40 ° C. to 95 ° C., for example.
- the aqueous solution containing the electrolyte is preferably PBS and physiological saline (containing only sodium chloride), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline, Tris buffered saline, HEPES buffered saline and veronal buffered saline, and PBS is particularly preferred. preferable.
- the coating formed on the surface of the porous element does not elute and remains firmly adhered to the substrate (ie, the porous element).
- the formed coating has an ability to suppress adhesion of various biological materials including leukocytes. Therefore, the blood filter of the present invention captures desired blood components such as leukocytes by appropriately selecting the size of the pores of the porous element, but allows other blood components to pass through without being adsorbed. This is useful as a blood filter with improved removal efficiency and recovery efficiency of desired blood components.
- a known sterilization treatment such as gamma ray, electron beam, ethylene oxide, autoclave or the like may be performed.
- ⁇ Measurement method of raw material composition The concentration (mass%) of each phosphorus-containing compound in the raw material containing the phosphorus-containing compound was measured by 31 P-NMR. The absolute concentration (absolute mass%) of each phosphorus-containing compound contained in the raw material was calculated using the following standard substance.
- a blood filter was prepared by combining the following treatment steps as described in Table 1.
- Treatment 1 Surface treatment of nonwoven fabric (see Test Examples 1 to 5 below) with UV ozone cleaner UV253E (manufactured by Filjon Co., Ltd.);
- Treatment 2 The surface treatment agent (L) created in Synthesis Example 1 or the surface treatment agent (M) created in Comparative Synthesis Example 1 is prepared so as to be 10 g (solid content 1 mass%) per 0.1 g of the nonwoven fabric.
- Treatment 3 Dry at 40 degrees for one day
- Treatment 4 Immersion in ethanol for 1 day
- Treatment 5 Immersion in water for 1 hour
- Process 6 Dried for one day at 40 degrees.
- PET nonwoven fabric Rabbit blood filtration performance of the surface treatment agent (L) immobilized on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven fabric
- PET nonwoven fabric Examples 1 to 5: basis weight 38 g / m 2 , thickness 0.2 mm, fiber diameter 1 to 2 ⁇ m, air permeability 10 cc /
- fixing method No. 1 to 5 shown in Table 1 cm 2 / sec, average pore diameter of about 8 ⁇ m
- PET nonwoven fabrics (Comparative Examples 1 to 3) were used.
- As the blood 7.5 ml of each sample was filtered using fresh citrated blood exsanguinated from rabbits.
- the white blood cell concentration, platelet concentration, and red blood cell concentration before and after filtration are measured with an automatic blood cell counter (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation, XT-2000i), and the leukocyte removal rate, platelet recovery rate, and red blood cell recovery rate according to the following formulas: Asked.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- the PET nonwoven fabric (Examples 1 to 5) on which the surface treatment agent (L) was immobilized clearly improved the platelet recovery ability while maintaining the leukocyte removal ability as compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- PET nonwoven fabrics (Comparative Examples 1 to 3) that were not treated with the surface treatment agent did not improve the platelet recovery ability.
- white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets Is hardly observed on the PET nonwoven fabric. This indicates that the surface treatment agent (L) according to the present invention has the ability to suppress adhesion of these blood cells.
- Comparative Example 1 it was observed that platelets particularly adhered to the PET non-woven fabric, and adhesion of leukocytes and erythrocytes was also progressing.
- the white blood cell concentration, platelet concentration, and red blood cell concentration before and after filtration are measured with an automatic blood cell counter (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation, XT-2000i), and the leukocyte removal rate, platelet recovery rate, and red blood cell recovery rate according to the following formulas: Asked.
- the results of Actual Example 6 are shown in Table 3, and the results of Example 7 are shown in Table 4.
- the PET nonwoven fabric (Examples 6 and 7) on which the surface treatment agent (L) was immobilized did not affect the platelet recovery ability even when it was stacked up to 5 sheets.
- Test Example 3 Rabbit blood filtration performance of surface treatment agent (L) immobilized on polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric and nylon (Nylon) nonwoven fabric) PP nonwoven fabric by the immobilization method (immobilization method No. 3) shown in Table 1 (Example 8: basis weight 40 g / m 2 , thickness 0.5 mm, fiber diameter 1 to 2 ⁇ m, air permeability 12 cc / cm 2 / sec) Nylon non-woven fabric (Example 9: basis weight 20 g / m 2 , thickness 0.2 mm, fiber diameter 1 to 2 ⁇ m, air permeability 12 cc / cm 2 / sec) is punched into a size of ⁇ 25 mm, and 3 pieces each are incorporated into the blood circuit A blood filtration performance sample was obtained.
- an untreated (immobilization method No. 6) PP nonwoven fabric (Comparative Example 4) and an untreated (immobilization method No. 6) Nylon nonwoven fabric (Comparative Example 5) were used.
- As the blood 7.5 ml of each sample was filtered using fresh citrated blood exsanguinated from rabbits. The white blood cell concentration, platelet concentration, and red blood cell concentration before and after filtration are measured with an automatic blood cell counter (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation, XT-2000i), and the leukocyte removal rate, platelet recovery rate, and red blood cell recovery rate according to the following formulas: Asked.
- Table 5 shows the results of the PP nonwoven fabric of Example 8 and Comparative Example 4
- Table 6 shows the results of the Nylon nonwoven fabric of Example 9 and Comparative Example 5.
- the Nylon nonwoven fabric in which the surface treatment agent (L) is particularly immobilized clearly improves the platelet recovery ability while maintaining the leukocyte removal ability as compared with Comparative Example 5. Similarly, it was confirmed that the PP recovering ability was improved even with the PP nonwoven fabric on which the surface treatment agent (L) was immobilized.
- the white blood cell concentration, platelet concentration, and red blood cell concentration before and after filtration are measured with an automatic blood cell counter (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation, XT-2000i), and the leukocyte removal rate, platelet recovery rate, and red blood cell recovery rate according to the following formulas: Asked.
- the results are shown in Table 7.
- Non-woven fabric made of PET (Comparative Examples 7 and 8: basis weight 38 g / m 2 , thickness 0.2 mm) with the surface treatment agent (M) immobilized by the immobilization method shown in Table 1 (immobilization methods No. 9 and 10) And a fiber diameter of 1 to 2 ⁇ m, an air permeability of 10 cc / cm 2 / sec, and an average pore diameter of about 8 ⁇ m). Thereafter, a non-woven fabric made of PET was punched out to a size of ⁇ 25 mm to create a filter. Three blood filtration circuits were incorporated into a blood filtration performance sample.
- the comparative example used untreated (immobilization method No. 6) PET nonwoven fabric (Comparative Example 9).
- As the blood 7.5 ml of each sample was filtered using fresh citrated blood exsanguinated from rabbits.
- the white blood cell concentration, platelet concentration, and red blood cell concentration before and after filtration are measured with an automatic blood cell counter (manufactured by Sysmex Corporation, XT-2000i), and the leukocyte removal rate, platelet recovery rate, and red blood cell recovery rate according to the following formulas: Asked.
- the results are shown in Table 8.
- the PET nonwoven fabric (Comparative Examples 7 and 8) on which the surface treatment agent (M) was immobilized did not show clear platelet recovery ability as the surface treatment material (L) shown in Table 2.
- the surface treatment agent (M) particularly suppresses adhesion to platelets. Low performance was observed.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本発明は以下のとおりである:
該多孔質素子の表面の少なくとも一部に存在する、下記式(a)で表される有機基を含む繰り返し単位と、下記式(b)で表される有機基を含む繰り返し単位とを含む共重合体:
コーティングされた多孔質素子を-200℃乃至200℃にて乾燥させる工程
を含む、血液フィルターの製造方法;
また、本発明の血液フィルターにより除去あるいは回収される白血球としては、顆粒球、好中球、好塩基球、好酸球、リンパ球、Tリンパ球、ヘルパーTリンパ球、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球、サプレッサーTリンパ球、Bリンパ球、形質細胞、NK細胞、単球、樹状細胞、肥満細胞、単核球、造血前駆細胞、造血幹細胞、骨髄芽球、白血病細胞等が挙げられる。
本発明の第一の態様は、多孔質素子;及び
該多孔質素子の表面の少なくとも一部に存在する、下記式(a)で表される有機基を含む繰り返し単位と、下記式(b)で表される有機基を含む繰り返し単位とを含む共重合体:
本発明の血液フィルターに使用しうる「多孔質素子」は、連続する細孔を持つシート状又は粒状(ビーズ状)の多孔構造体を意味する。そのような多孔構造体は、公知のフィルター材料のいずれの形態であってもよいが、例としては、不織布、織布、編布、繊維塊等の繊維状多孔質体、あるいはスポンジ状多孔質体、多孔膜、粒子の焼結体等の三次元網目状連続細孔を有する非繊維状多孔質体を挙げることができる。取り扱いや入手の容易性、低コストの点から、多孔質素子は、好ましくは、不織布である。
本発明の血液フィルターは、多孔質素子の表面の少なくとも一部が、特定の共重合体でコーティングされていることを特徴とする。本発明に係る共重合体は、下記式(a)で表される有機基を含む繰り返し単位と、下記式(b)で表される有機基を含む繰り返し単位とを含む共重合体:
本発明において「ハロゲン化物イオン」は、ハロゲン原子のアニオンを意味し、フッ化物イオン、塩化物イオン、臭化物イオン、ヨウ化物イオンが挙げられ、好ましくは、塩化物イオンである。
本発明において、「無機酸イオン」とは、炭酸イオン、硫酸イオン、リン酸イオン、リン酸水素イオン、リン酸二水素イオン、硝酸イオン、過塩素酸イオン又はホウ酸イオンを意味する。
上記An-として好ましいのは、ハロゲン化物イオン、硫酸イオン、リン酸イオン、水酸化物イオン及びイソチオシアネートイオンであり、特に好ましいのはハロゲン化物イオンである。
上記共重合体中における第三成分、例えば、上記式(C)又は(D)で表される2官能性モノマーから誘導される架橋構造の割合は、0モル%乃至50モル%である。
本発明に係る共重合体の合成方法としては、一般的なアクリルポリマー又はメタクリルポリマー等の合成方法であるラジカル重合、アニオン重合、カチオン重合などの方法により合成することができる。その形態は溶液重合、懸濁重合、乳化重合、塊状重合など種々の方法が可能である。
本発明の第二の態様は、下記式(a)で表される有機基を含む繰り返し単位と、下記式(b)で表される有機基を含む繰り返し単位とを含む共重合体:
コーティングされた多孔質素子を-200℃乃至200℃にて乾燥させる工程
を含む、血液フィルターの製造方法である。
本発明の血液フィルターの製造方法のコーティング工程では、共重合体を、多孔質素子の表面の少なくとも一部にコーティングする。ここで、多孔質素子及び共重合体は、それぞれ前述の項目<多孔質素子>及び<共重合体>で述べた通りである。
コーティング工程後、コーティングされた多孔質素子を-200℃乃至200℃の温度にて乾燥させる。乾燥により、上記コーティング膜形成用組成物中の溶媒を取り除くと共に、本発明に係る共重合体の式(a)及び式(b)同士がイオン結合を形成して基体へ完全に固着する。本発明の血液フィルターのコーティングの膜厚は、好ましくは10~1000Åであり、さらに好ましくは10~500Åである。本発明者らは、本発明の血液フィルターの製造方法では、高温での処理を要さず、低温での処理により、所望の特性を有するコーティングが多孔質素子の表面に形成され、しかも数十乃至数百Å程度の薄い膜厚にも係らず、耐久性に優れることを見出した。
リン含有化合物を含む原料の、各リン含有化合物の濃度(質量%)測定は、31P-NMRにより行った。下記標準物質を用いて原料中に含まれる各リン含有化合物の絶対濃度(絶対質量%)を算出した。
・モード:逆ゲートデカップリングモード(定量モード)
・装置:varian 400 MHz
・溶媒:CD3OD(重メタノール)(30重量%)
・回転数:0 Hz
・データポイント:64000
・フリップ角:90°
・待ち時間:70 s
・積算回数:16回,n=4,
・標準物質:トリメチルリン酸+D2O (75%TMP溶液を調製)
ホスマーM(ユニケミカル(株)製;アシッドホスホオキシエチルメタクリレート(44.2質量%)、リン酸ビス[2-(メタクリロイルオキシ)エチル](28.6質量%)、その他の物質(27.2質量%)の混合物)6.00gとメタクリル酸2-(ジメチルアミノ)エチル4.12g(東京化成(株)製)と2,2′-アゾビス[2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)プロピオンアミド](製品名;VA-086、和光純薬(株)製)0.24gを、純水446.34gとエタノール49.59gに溶解してナスフラスコに入れ、窒素を吹き込み窒素置換後、100℃のオイルバス中で24時間重合反応させ固形分2質量%の共重合体含有ワニス506.05gを得た。
その後、共重合体含有ワニス1.00gに、純水0.90g、エタノール0.10gを加えて十分に攪拌し、表面処理剤(L)(固形分1質量%)を調製した。
N,N-ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート0.6gと2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート15gと2,2′-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)0.03gをエタノール62.4gに溶解してナスフラスコに入れ、窒素を吹き込み窒素置換後、68℃のオイルバス中で24時間重合反応させ固形分20質量%の共重合体含有ワニスを得た。
その後、共重合体含有ワニス5.00gに、エタノール95gを加えて十分に攪拌し、表面処理剤(M)(固形分1質量%)を調製した。
以下の各処理工程を表1に記載のとおりに組み合わせて、血液フィルターを調製した。
処理1:UVオゾンクリーナー UV253E(フィルジョン(株)製)にて不織布(下記試験例1~5参照)を表面処理;
処理2:合成例1で作成した表面処理剤(L)又は比較合成例1にて作成した表面処理剤(M)を、不織布0.1gあたり10g(固形分1質量%)となるよう準備し、該不織布を室温で1日浸漬後、余剰の溶液を除去後、エアブロー;
処理3:40度で1日乾燥;
処理4:エタノール中で1日浸漬;
処理5:水中で1時間浸漬;
処理6:40度で1日乾燥。
表1に示した固定化法(固定化法No.1~5)による各PET不織布(実施例1~5:目付38g/m2、厚み0.2mm、繊維径1~2μm、通気度10cc/cm2/sec、平均孔径約8μm)をφ25mmの大きさに打ち抜き、血液回路に3枚組み込み、血液濾過性能サンプルとした。比較例は未処理(固定化法No.6~8)のPET不織布(比較例1~3)を用いた。血液はウサギより脱血した加クエン酸新鮮血を用い、各サンプルにそれぞれ7.5ml濾過した。濾過前及び濾過後の白血球濃度、血小板濃度、赤血球濃度を自動血球計測装置(シスメックス(株)製、XT-2000i)でそれぞれ計測し、以下の式に従い白血球除去率、血小板回収率及び赤血球回収率を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
表1に示した固定化法(固定化法No.3及びNo.5)による各PET不織布(実施例6及び7)をφ25mmの大きさに打ち抜き、血液回路に3枚、5枚、8枚をそれぞれ組み込み、血液濾過性能サンプルとした。血液はウサギより脱血した加クエン酸新鮮血を用い、各サンプルにそれぞれ7.5ml濾過した。濾過前及び濾過後の白血球濃度、血小板濃度、赤血球濃度を自動血球計測装置(シスメックス(株)製、XT-2000i)でそれぞれ計測し、以下の式に従い白血球除去率、血小板回収率及び赤血球回収率を求めた。実際例6の結果を表3に、実施例7の結果を表4に示す。
表1に示した固定化法(固定化法No.3)によるPP不織布(実施例8:目付40g/m2、厚み0.5mm、繊維径1~2μm、通気度12cc/cm2/sec)及びNylon不織布(実施例9:目付20g/m2、厚み0.2mm、繊維径1~2μm、通気度12cc/cm2/sec)をφ25mmの大きさに打ち抜き、血液回路にそれぞれ3枚ずつ組み込み、血液濾過性能サンプルとした。比較例は未処理(固定化法No.6)のPP不織布(比較例4)及び未処理(固定化法No.6)のNylon不織布(比較例5)を用いた。血液はウサギより脱血した加クエン酸新鮮血を用い、各サンプルにそれぞれ7.5ml濾過した。濾過前及び濾過後の白血球濃度、血小板濃度、赤血球濃度を自動血球計測装置(シスメックス(株)製、XT-2000i)でそれぞれ計測し、以下の式に従い白血球除去率、血小板回収率及び赤血球回収率を求めた。実施例8及び比較例4のPP不織布の結果を表5に、実施例9及び比較例5のNylon不織布の結果を表6に示す。
表1に示した固定化法(固定化法No.3及び5)によるPET不織布(実施例10及び11)をφ25mmの大きさに打ち抜き、血液回路にそれぞれ3枚ずつ組み込み、血液濾過性能サンプルとした。比較例(固定化法No.6)は未処理のPET不織布(比較例6)を用いた。血液は健常なボランティアより採血した加クエン酸ヒト新鮮血を用い、各サンプルにそれぞれ6.5ml濾過した。濾過前及び濾過後の白血球濃度、血小板濃度、赤血球濃度を自動血球計測装置(シスメックス(株)製、XT-2000i)でそれぞれ計測し、以下の式に従い白血球除去率、血小板回収率及び赤血球回収率を求めた。結果を表7に示す。
表1に示した固定化法(固定化法No.9及び10)により、表面処理剤(M)を固定化したPET製不織布(比較例7及び8:目付38g/m2、厚み0.2mm、繊維径1~2μm、通気度10cc/cm2/sec、平均孔径約8μm)を作成した。その後、PET製不織布をφ25mmの大きさに打ち抜きフィルターを作成した。血液回路に3枚組み込み、血液濾過性能サンプルとした。比較例は未処理(固定化法No.6)のPET不織布(比較例9)を用いた。血液はウサギより脱血した加クエン酸新鮮血を用い、各サンプルにそれぞれ7.5ml濾過した。濾過前及び濾過後の白血球濃度、血小板濃度、赤血球濃度を自動血球計測装置(シスメックス(株)製、XT-2000i)でそれぞれ計測し、以下の式に従い白血球除去率、血小板回収率及び赤血球回収率を求めた。結果を表8に示す。
Claims (12)
- 上記式(a)及び(b)で表される有機基を含む繰り返し単位が、それぞれ、下記式(A)及び(B):
Ta、Tb、Ua1、Ua2、Ub1、Ub2及びUb3は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子又は炭素原子数1乃至5の直鎖若しくは分岐アルキル基を表し、Qa及びQbは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、エステル結合又はアミド結合を表し、Ra及びRbは、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素原子数1乃至10の直鎖又は分岐アルキレン基を表し、An-は、ハロゲン化物イオン、無機酸イオン、水酸化物イオン及びイソチオシアネートイオンからなる群から選ばれる陰イオンを表し、そしてmは、0乃至6の整数を表す
で表されるモノマーから誘導される繰り返し単位である、請求項1に記載の血液フィルター。 - mが1であり、Ra及びRbが、それぞれ独立して、エチレン基又はプロピレン基を表す、請求項2に記載の血液フィルター。
- Tc及びTdが、それぞれ独立して、水素原子又はメチル基を表し、Udが、水素原子を表し、Rc及びRdが、それぞれ独立して、エチレン基又はプロピレン基を表す、請求項4に記載の血液フィルター。
- 上記多孔質素子が、不織布である、請求項1乃至5何れか1項に記載の血液フィルター。
- 上記式(a)及び(b)で表される有機基を含む繰り返し単位が、それぞれ、下記式(A)及び(B):
Ta、Tb、Ua1、Ua2、Ub1、Ub2及びUb3は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子又は炭素原子数1乃至5の直鎖若しくは分岐アルキル基を表し、Qa及びQbは、それぞれ独立して、単結合、エステル結合又はアミド結合を表し、Ra及びRbは、それぞれ独立して、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素原子数1乃至10の直鎖又は分岐アルキレン基を表し、An-は、ハロゲン化物イオン、無機酸イオン、水酸化物イオン及びイソチオシアネートイオンからなる群から選ばれる陰イオンを表し、そしてmは0乃至6の整数を表す
で表されるモノマーから誘導される繰り返し単位である、請求項7に記載の製造方法。 - コーティング工程が、共重合体を含むワニスを用いて実施される、請求項7又は8に記載の製造方法。
- 共重合体を含むワニスが、予めpH調整されている、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- さらに、コーティングされた多孔質素子を、乾燥工程前及び/又は後に、洗浄する工程を含む、請求項7乃至10何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 乾燥工程後の洗浄が、水及び電解質を含む水溶液からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の溶媒を用いて実施される、請求項11に記載の製造方法。
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