WO2014178315A1 - 異材継手 - Google Patents
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- WO2014178315A1 WO2014178315A1 PCT/JP2014/061410 JP2014061410W WO2014178315A1 WO 2014178315 A1 WO2014178315 A1 WO 2014178315A1 JP 2014061410 W JP2014061410 W JP 2014061410W WO 2014178315 A1 WO2014178315 A1 WO 2014178315A1
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- joint
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- alloy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
- B23K20/085—Explosive welding for tubes, e.g. plugging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
- B23K20/2275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer the other layer being aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
- B23K35/0238—Sheets, foils layered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/325—Ti as the principal constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
- F16L13/007—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints specially adapted for joining pipes of dissimilar materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dissimilar metal joint material (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “dissimilar material joint”) used for joining dissimilar metal materials by welding.
- dissimilar material joint a dissimilar metal joint material
- Both ends of the joint material are made of the same kind of welding material, but there is a configuration in which another material is inserted in order to facilitate the joining of the metal materials at both ends between them or to improve the performance.
- a cryogenic container that stores the liquefied gas and a joint that joins the hull are used for cooling and liquefying the gas to a cryogenic temperature and reducing the volume.
- a moss carrier requires a joint that joins a spherical tank made of aluminum and a steel hull, and if the joint state of the joint interface of this joint material is poor, peeling occurs, reducing the mechanical properties of the joint interface, There is a possibility of a major accident such as a drop of a nearly 1,000-ton spherical tank.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a dissimilar joint of aluminum and steel consisting of two or three layers produced by explosive pressure bonding, and the waveform (height and length of wave) of the joining interface between aluminum and steel. A method for improving the bonding strength at the interface with respect to the welding heat when welding the dissimilar material joint is described. However, although Patent Document 1 has a description of the bonding strength at the interface with respect to welding heat, reference is made to leakage and soundness of the bonding interface when used in a device as a dissimilar material joint such as a cryogenic device. Absent.
- Patent Document 2 describes a method of improving the bonding strength at the bonding interface against welding heat by performing uneven processing on each bonding surface of the materials to be bonded and joining the uneven surfaces in a state where the unevenness is engaged.
- the characteristics of each joint interface when used as a dissimilar material joint are not mentioned.
- Patent Document 3 improves the performance at cryogenic temperatures by providing a titanium or nickel layer between aluminum or an aluminum alloy and stainless steel, but mentions the wave height and manufacturing method of each layer. Not.
- Patent Document 4 as a method of manufacturing a multilayer clad material of aluminum + titanium + nickel + steel, a method of reducing an alloy at a bonding interface by using argon gas when explosion-bonding a layer containing titanium is performed. Is described. Patent Document 4 shows that the impact value and hardness are good due to the use of argon gas, but it does not describe the method of manufacturing a clad material, the wave height, and the characteristics of a combination of metal materials other than titanium.
- Patent Document 5 describes a method of interposing an Ag or Ag alloy layer between an aluminum alloy and steel. Patent Document 5 describes that when a dissimilar material joint was manufactured from the clad material and an aluminum alloy and steel were welded together, no abnormality was observed at the clad crimping interface. There is no specific description investigating the explosive pressure bonding interface.
- Patent Document 6 describes that a pure aluminum layer is interposed between an aluminum alloy and Ag in aluminum alloy + Ag + stainless steel. Patent Document 6 shows that the impact absorption energy can be improved over the prior art by inserting pure aluminum and defining the thickness of silver, but it is difficult to leak as a dissimilar material joint and the wave height of the joint interface. Is not mentioned.
- Patent Document 7 titanium is selected as a material that can withstand a high temperature environment during welding for the purpose of facilitating the welding and joining of carbon steel or stainless steel and aluminum pipes, rods, and plates. A joint with excellent airtightness is provided. Patent Document 7 also describes a multilayer clad such as carbon steel-stainless steel-titanium-pure aluminum-corrosion resistant aluminum as a material structure, but the described joint can withstand a high temperature environment during welding. However, when used as a dissimilar material joint, there is no indication of the amount of leakage at extremely low temperatures and the wave height of the joining interface that affects it.
- Patent Document 8 defines the components of an aluminum alloy in consideration of weldability in a dissimilar joint including an aluminum alloy. Patent Document 8 describes that a penetration inspection test was performed at a location where MIG welding was performed, and that weldability was good. However, the soundness of each joint interface clad by explosive pressure bonding was described. Is not seen.
- Patent Document 9 shows a joint composed of steel and copper-nickel alloy, titanium, aluminum, and aluminum alloy joined by explosive pressure bonding. As an application example, a marine joint is assumed. However, Patent Document 9 mainly describes the structure of the material, and does not show the performance evaluation results focusing on the bonding interface.
- Patent Document 10 shows a method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy, titanium, and steel joined body by explosive pressure bonding, that an aluminum alloy and steel are used, and that the interface exhibits a wave shape. There is no description of the wave height of the bonding interface and the manufacturing method due to its performance.
- Patent Document 11 describes that aluminum + titanium + nickel + stainless steel is joined by explosive pressure bonding and used as a dissimilar metal joint material for an LNG carrier, and the shape and thickness of the joint are described. It is shown. The required performance and performance measurement results for the mechanical properties of the joint are shown in the examples. However, the soundness of the bonding interface is not mentioned, and the description of the measurement of the wave height and the penetration flaw detection test is not seen. As described above, none of the above-described documents mentions, teaches, or suggests any feature or manufacturing method of a dissimilar metal joint material that can withstand use in a harsh environment.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is a dissimilar metal joint material in which an aluminum alloy is arranged at one outermost end and stainless steel or steel is arranged at the other outermost end. It is providing the coupling material which has these, and the manufacturing method of this coupling material.
- the present inventors have found that the wave height is 1 mm or less at any joint interface in the joint material, and preferably the length of the defect indication pattern in the penetration flaw detection test. If the total value is 1 mm or less, it has been found that there is no leakage and the joint material has high joining characteristics, and the present invention has been completed.
- One outermost end is an aluminum alloy and the other outermost end is stainless steel or steel.
- As an intermediate material between the aluminum alloy and the stainless steel or steel pure aluminum, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium ,
- a dissimilar joint made of a multilayer clad material of four or more layers including two or more selected from the group consisting of titanium alloy, copper, copper alloy and silver, and each joint interface between each layer has a wave height of 1 mm.
- a dissimilar joint characterized by the following wavy joint interface.
- One outermost end is an aluminum alloy and the other outermost end is stainless steel or steel.
- the aluminum alloy is clad with pure aluminum, and an intermediate material between the pure aluminum and the stainless steel or steel.
- a dissimilar joint made of a multilayer clad material of four or more layers, including one or more selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, copper, copper alloy and silver.
- the dissimilar material joint has a pipe shape having a predetermined circumference, and the total length of the indication patterns detected by the penetration flaw detection test is 3% or less of the circumference at each joint interface.
- the dissimilar joint according to [2] or [3].
- One outermost end is an aluminum alloy, and the other outermost end is stainless steel or steel, and nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, and titanium are used as intermediate materials between the aluminum alloy and the stainless steel or steel.
- the dissimilar joint made of a four-layer multilayer clad material including two kinds selected from the group consisting of alloys, wherein all of the joint interfaces between the layers are corrugated joint interfaces having a wave height of 1 mm or less. 1].
- the number of indication patterns detected by the JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2 penetration test at each joint interface is 5 or less in the range of the length of the dissimilar joint 10 mm. Dissimilar material joint described in 1.
- the above-mentioned [10] is composed of four layers of aluminum alloy, titanium, nickel, and stainless steel for joining an aluminum spherical tank used in a moss-type liquefied natural gas carrier and a steel hull. ] The dissimilar joint according to any one of [12].
- a base material is placed on the soil, the composite material is stacked on the base material with a predetermined interval, a powder explosive is set on the entire surface of the composite material, and the explosive is exploded to explode the explosive.
- the reaction force of the soil is measured by cone press-fitting of an intrusion-type soil hardness meter, and the index hardness of the soil expressed as a contracted length.
- the dissimilar joint according to the present invention has no leakage and has high bonding characteristics even in a cryogenic environment.
- cryogenic means air separation for extracting gas such as oxygen and nitrogen used in each plant such as chemistry and steel as a liquid by cooling, liquefying and distilling the air.
- the boiling point of helium close to absolute zero (273.15 degrees Celsius), in addition to the extremely low temperatures to which equipment and natural gas liquefaction equipment for liquefying natural gas extracted from gas fields through various processes are exposed. Up to 4K (about 269 °C below zero degrees Celsius).
- the first aspect of the present invention includes a stainless steel first member 1 and a second member 2 made of a metal material selected from aluminum, an aluminum-based alloy, titanium, and a titanium-based alloy.
- This is a dissimilar joint with at least one layer of intermediate material 3 in which the total thickness of the intermediate material 3 is 4 to 20 mm.
- the intermediate material 3 is selected from one or more kinds of materials such as aluminum, titanium, nickel, silver, or a silver alloy that have good bondability with a metal material selected from stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum-based alloy, titanium, and titanium-based alloy.
- the dissimilar material joint has a “collar portion 5” having the first member 1 and the second member 2 as starting points and having a thickness larger than the outer diameter of the pipe.
- the starting point of the collar portion 5 has a fillet portion with an arc radius of 1 mm or more, so that stress concentration does not occur when temperature and pressure are applied by the fluid flowing in the joint, and the stress tends to be reduced as a whole. .
- a value obtained by dividing the total length of the dissimilar material joint by the length of the flange portion 5 is 1.5 or more.
- the joint surface between dissimilar metals of a dissimilar joint consisting of multiple layers has a wavy interface, and since the joint area is increased compared to the joint interface exhibiting a linear state, the joint strength is increased.
- the wavelength or wave height of the wavy interface is increased, an intermetallic compound is likely to be generated at the bonding interface, so that the bonding interface may be hard and brittle. Accordingly, it is preferable that the wavelength and wave height of the wavy joint interface between different metals of the dissimilar joint are each 1 mm or less.
- the first member is stainless steel, and at least 1 is between the second member of the metal material selected from aluminum, aluminum-based alloy, titanium, and titanium-based alloy.
- This is a dissimilar joint made of dissimilar metals having intermediate layers.
- the bondability can be improved, and by having the collar portion starting from the first member and the second member, while maintaining the performance as a dissimilar material joint, weight reduction and workability are improved. Improvement can also be achieved, and stress concentration at the start of the collar can be avoided by making the start of the collar into an R shape.
- the bonding interface between different metals has a wavy interface, and both high bonding strength and high leakage resistance can be obtained by controlling the wavelength and wave height of the wavy interface.
- one outermost end is an aluminum alloy and the other outermost end is stainless steel or steel, and the aluminum alloy is clad with pure aluminum, and the pure aluminum and the stainless steel or
- a dissimilar joint composed of four or more layers of a clad material including one or more selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, copper, copper alloy and silver as an intermediate material between steels, All of the bonding interfaces between the respective layers are corrugated bonding interfaces having a wave height of 1 mm or less, and are detected by penetration testing in accordance with JIS ⁇ ⁇ Z 2343-1-II Cd-2 or equivalent standards. This is a dissimilar joint where the length of the indicating pattern is 1 mm or less.
- an aluminum alloy is arranged at one outermost end, stainless steel or steel is arranged at the other outermost end, the wave height of the joining interface is 1 mm or less, and a defect indication pattern in the penetration inspection test
- the total value of the lengths is preferably 3% or less of the circumference, leakage is minimized even in a cryogenic environment, and a welding joint material having high joining characteristics is provided.
- the aluminum used in the present invention is ASME® Section II, “Part B” or alloy number 1100, 1080, 1070, 1050 or equivalent pure aluminum in JIS standards.
- the aluminum alloy is an alloy containing aluminum as a main component and containing components such as Fe component, Mn, and Mg other than the pure aluminum described above.
- Steel and stainless steel are those described in ASME Section II, Part A or JIS standards mainly composed of Fe, or containing components equivalent to the standards.
- wave height at the bonding interface indicates a difference in height from the top of the wave to the valley as shown in FIG.
- the wave height means a value obtained by measuring an arbitrary 10 points on the joint interface on the outer peripheral surface of the joint material using a magnifying glass and a caliper, and obtaining an average value thereof.
- measurement was performed with an electron microscope.
- the penetrant test is performed according to JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2 or equivalent standards, and the size and number of detected red indicating patterns are measured using a measuring instrument such as a caliper.
- the indication pattern is a red pattern in which a flaw existing on the surface of the material is visually observed with the penetrant used in the penetrant test as shown in FIG. Measure the size and number using a caliper or other measuring instrument.
- the length of the indicating pattern is 1 mm or less, or the total length of the indicating patterns is 3% or less of the circumferential length.
- each indicating pattern is 1 mm or less, and 5 or less within the range of the dissimilar joint length of 10 mm. It is preferable that
- the shock absorption energy is a value obtained from the result of performing a test using a V-notch test piece in accordance with the Charpy impact test method of a metal material of JIS Z 2242.
- the impact absorption energy is measured after the heat treatment at 350 ° C. for 30 minutes and after 1000 heat cycles using boiling water (100 ° C.) and liquid nitrogen ( ⁇ 196 ° C.).
- the interface is preferably 15 J or more.
- ⁇ Leakage evaluation test is performed by the vacuum spray method of JIS Z ⁇ 2331 or equivalent standard helium leak test method.
- the index hardness of the soil is expressed as the contraction (mm) by measuring the reaction force of the soil by cone press-fitting of the hardness meter when measuring the soil hardness of the ground surface or surface layer using an intrusion-type soil hardness meter. It is the value measured based on the soil hardness test method shown by the Geotechnical Society. The surface to be measured is dug 1 cm, a flat surface is formed, and measurement is repeated at five points. For the index hardness, the maximum value and the minimum value are rounded down, and the average value of the remaining three points is calculated and determined as the index hardness on the measurement surface.
- Sand particles on the surface of the soil that will be subjected to explosive pressure bonding shall be particles that pass through the test sieve specified in JIS Z 8801.
- the soil surface is about 10cm.
- dissimilar metal joint of the first aspect or the second aspect of the present invention is not limited to the various pipes of the air separation device and the natural gas liquefying device described above, but also aluminum or aluminum alloys and other various types of building structures and transportation equipment. It is also possible to use when welding metals.
- the third embodiment of the present invention is a dissimilar joint for joining a spherical tank of a moss type LNG carrier and a steel hull, as exemplified in FIGS. 5 and 6, but other ships, transportation equipment, structures, etc. It can also be used when welding an aluminum alloy and other various metals.
- each indication pattern is 1 mm or less and that the dissimilar material joint has a length of 10 mm or less.
- a base material is placed on the soil, the composite material is stacked on the base material with a predetermined interval, and a powder explosive is set on the entire surface of the composite material.
- the reaction force of the soil is measured by cone press-fitting of an intrusion type soil hardness meter, and this is expressed as a reduced length.
- the index hardness of the soil thus obtained is 10 mm or less.
- Explosive pressure bonding is one of the metal joining methods that uses the high pressure of explosives, and is a technology that can particularly strongly bond dissimilar metals together.
- a major feature of this technique is that it can be joined with almost no heat applied to the metal material, so that even a combination of metals that cannot be joined by ordinary methods can be joined firmly.
- the metal bonding interface bonded by explosive pressure bonding has a unique wavy shape as a mechanism for strong bonding, and is said to be due to the fact that the bonding area is larger than the straight bonding interface. ing.
- plastic deformation and thermal influence during bonding increase, leading to an alloy layer at the bonding interface.
- Explosives used for explosive pressure bonding are explosives that generate detonation waves. In order to bond metal plates firmly, it is preferable to use explosives with an explosive speed of 1000 m / s or more. To achieve a more optimal bonding force, 1500 m to 3000 m / sec, which is 1/3 to 1/2 the speed of sound. More preferably, the explosive is used.
- Specific explosives include: ammonium nitrate and nitrate esters PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate), nitroglycerin, nitro compound TNT (trinitrotoluene), nitramine cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine and cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine These may be used alone or in combination with other explosive components or other components other than explosives.
- Example 1 Aluminum alloy (JIS A5052P-O, plate thickness: 40mm) is used as the first member, and the intermediate material is industrial pure aluminum (JIS A1100P-H112, plate thickness: 12mm) and industrial pure titanium (JIS TP270C plate thickness: 2 layer) and industrial pure nickel (JIS NW2200, plate thickness: 1.6 mm), and the second member was made of stainless steel (JIS SUS304L, plate thickness: 30 mm).
- the value obtained by dividing the total length of the dissimilar material joint by the collar length is 1.9, and the wavelength and wave height of the joint interface are 549 and 221 ⁇ m at the joint interface of aluminum alloy and pure aluminum, respectively, and 839 and 125 ⁇ m at the joint interface of pure aluminum and titanium, respectively.
- the joint interface between titanium and nickel was 451 and 144 ⁇ m, respectively, and the joint interface between nickel and stainless steel was 717 and 173 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the obtained joint was subjected to a helium leak test according to “Helium leak test method” of JIS Z 2331. The result was 3.2 x 10 ⁇ 11 Pa ⁇ m 3 / sec (at room temperature) and excellent leak resistance. I understood.
- Example 2 Aluminum alloy (JIS A5052P-O, plate thickness: 50mm) is used as the first member, and the intermediate material is industrial pure aluminum (JIS A1100P-H112, plate thickness: 12mm) and silver plate (JIS H2141 Grade1, plate thickness: A four-layer clad made of stainless steel (JIS SUS304L, plate thickness: 50 mm) was manufactured.
- the value obtained by dividing the total length of the dissimilar material joint by the collar length is 1.9, and the wavelength and wave height of the joint interface are 858 and 322 ⁇ m at the joint interface of aluminum alloy and pure aluminum, respectively, and 500 and 79 ⁇ m at the joint interface of pure aluminum and silver, respectively.
- the joint interface between silver and stainless steel was 250 and 50 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the obtained joint was subjected to a helium leak test according to JIS Z 2331 "Helium leak test method" and found to have 1.3 x 10 -11 Pa ⁇ m 3 / sec (room temperature) and excellent leak resistance. I understood.
- JIS Z 2242 a Charpy impact test piece was prepared and cooled at -196 ° C (liquid nitrogen) and subjected to an impact test. It was found that the joint between aluminum alloy and pure aluminum was 39J, and pure aluminum and silver were joined. Absorbed energy values of 61J were obtained at the interface and 65J at the silver / stainless steel joint interface.
- the wave height at the joint interface was measured on the outer peripheral surface of the joint material (part e in FIG. 2) using a magnifying glass and a caliper.
- the penetrant test was performed on the entire outer peripheral surface according to JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2, and the length or diameter of the indicated pattern was measured.
- the helium leak test was conducted according to JIS Z 2331 vacuum spray method. The results are shown in Table 1 below. It was confirmed that the wave height / instruction pattern is within the range of the present invention [1] to [3] and no leakage occurred.
- the joint material was heat treated at 350 ° C. for 30 minutes in consideration of welding heat, and then subjected to 1000 heat cycles using boiling water (100 ° C.) and liquid nitrogen ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) The test was conducted. Further, an impact test piece according to JIS Z 2242 was taken from the joint material and tested. The results are shown in Table 2 below. It was confirmed that there was no deterioration in performance even when welding heat and heat cycles were applied, and that the joint had sufficient performance. In the impact test, all ASME SB-209 1100-H112 materials were broken, and no breakage occurred at the joint interface where the V-notch was formed.
- Example 4 In a soil environment where the average index hardness of the soil is 4.9 mm and the sand particles of the soil surface pass through 6 Mesh, aluminum alloy (ASME SB-209 5083-O), pure aluminum (ASME SB-209 1100-H112) and silver (ASTM A four-layer clad made of B-413) and stainless steel (ASME SA-240 Type 304L) was prepared by an explosive pressure bonding method. An ultrasonic flaw detection test according to JIS G 0601 was performed on this clad, and a dissimilar joint with the shape shown in FIG.
- ASME SB-209 5083-O aluminum alloy
- ASME SB-209 1100-H112 pure aluminum
- ASME SA-240 Type 304L stainless steel
- Example 1 A joint material was produced from the clad plate produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the explosive pressure bonding was performed with the average index hardness being 20 mm in a soil environment where the sand particles of the soil surface passed through 6 Mesh, and performance evaluation was performed. . The results are shown in Table 4 below. A joint material in which the wave height and the indicating pattern are out of the range of the present invention [1] to [3] was produced. However, no leak was confirmed in the helium leak test.
- the joint material was heat treated at 350 ° C. for 30 minutes in consideration of welding heat, and then subjected to 1000 heat cycles using boiling water (100 ° C.) and liquid nitrogen ( ⁇ 196 ° C.) The test was conducted. The results are shown in Table 5 below. Compared to before the thermal cycle test, the length of the indication pattern was increased, and a leak was detected in the helium leak test. It has been confirmed that the wave height and the indication pattern at the joint interface are increased, which deteriorates the performance as a joint and inferior in strength at a cryogenic temperature.
- Example 5 In the soil environment where the average index hardness of the soil is 4.9mm and the sand particles of the soil surface pass through 6 Mesh, aluminum alloy (JIS A3003P-O), titanium (JIS TP270C), nickel (JIS NW2201) and stainless steel (JIS SUS304L) A four-layer clad made of An ultrasonic flaw detection test according to JIS G 0601 was performed on the clad, and a 9 mm ⁇ 250 mm joint material was cut out with a band saw from the position where the joining was confirmed to the thickness of the original plate. The cut surface on the outer periphery of the joint material was polished to finish the surface.
- the wave height at the joint interface was measured on the outer peripheral surface of the joint material using a magnifying glass and a caliper.
- the penetrant test was performed on the entire outer peripheral surface according to JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2, and the length or diameter of the detected indication pattern was measured. The results are shown in Table 6 below.
- the wave height was within the range of [10] to [11] of the present invention, and no indication pattern was detected.
- Example 2 Using the same material as in Example 5, the same joint material as in Example 5 was cut out from a 4-layer clad produced in a soil environment in which the average index hardness of the soil was 20 mm and the sand particles of the soil surface passed through 6 Mesh. Evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 7 below. A joint material in which the wave height and the indicating pattern are out of the range of the present invention [10] to [11] was produced.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
- Flanged Joints, Insulating Joints, And Other Joints (AREA)
Abstract
Description
そのため、過酷な環境下で使用される場合や非常に高い接合特性を必要とする場合は、同種の金属同士が溶接できるように、予め異材同士を冶金的に接合させた異種金属継手材を用いる方法が多くなってきている。
以上のように、上述した文献のいずれにも、過酷な環境下での使用に耐えうる異種金属継手材の特徴や製造方法については全く言及されておらず、教示も示唆もされていない。
[1]一方の最外端がアルミニウム合金、他方の最外端がステンレス鋼又は鋼であり、該アルミニウム合金と該ステンレス鋼又は鋼の間の中間材として、純アルミニウム、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、チタン、チタン合金、銅、銅合金及び銀からなる群から選ばれる2種以上を含む、4層以上の多層クラッド材からなる異材継手であって、該各層間の各接合界面の全てが、波高1mm以下の波状の接合界面であることを特徴とする異材継手。
本明細書中、用語「極低温」とは、空気を冷却・液化・蒸留することにより、化学、鉄鋼等の各プラントで使用される酸素、窒素等のガスを液体として抽出するための空気分離装置や、ガス田から採掘された天然ガスを様々なプロセスを経て液化するための天然ガス液化装置などが晒される極めて低い温度を意味するほか、絶対零度(摂氏零下273.15℃)に近いヘリウムの沸点である4K(摂氏零下約269℃)までを含む。
中間材3は、ステンレス鋼やアルミニウム、アルミニウム系合金、チタン、チタン系合金から選ばれる金属材料と接合性のよいアルミニウム、チタン、ニッケル、銀又は銀合金などから1種又は複数種選ばれる。
異材継手は、第1部材1、第2部材2を始点とし、配管の外径よりも太い肉厚をもつ「つば部5」を有することが好ましい。つば部5の始点は円弧半径が1mm以上のフィレット部をもつことで、継手内を流れる流体によって温度や圧力が負荷された場合に応力集中が起こらず、全体として応力がより軽減できる傾向にある。
具体的には、指示模様とは、図4に示すように材料表面に存在する傷が、浸透探傷試験で用いた浸透液により目視で観察される赤色の模様のことであり、検出された模様の大きさ、数をノギスなどの計測機を使用し測定する。本発明においては、配管継手の場合、指示模様の長さが、いずれも1mm以下であるか、又は、指示模様の長さの合計値が、周長の3%以下であることが好ましい。また、以下に第三の態様として図5と6に例示する板状の異材継手の場合には、各指示模様が1mm以下であり、かつ、該異材継手の長さ10mmの範囲で5個以下であることが好ましい。
[実施例1]
第1部材としてアルミニウム合金(JIS A5052P-O、板厚:40mm)を使用し、中間材が工業用純アルミニウム(JIS A1100P-H112、板厚:12mm)と工業用純チタン(JIS TP270C板厚:2mm)と工業用純ニッケル(JIS NW2200、板厚:1.6mm)からなり、第2部材がステンレス鋼(JIS SUS304L、板厚:30mm)である5層クラッドを製作した。異材継手全長をつば部長さで除した値は1.9であり、接合界面の波長と波高は、アルミニウム合金と純アルミニウムの接合界面でそれぞれ549、221μm、純アルミニウムとチタンの接合界面でそれぞれ839、125μm、チタンとニッケルの接合界面でそれぞれ451、144μm、ニッケルとステンレス鋼の接合界面でそれぞれ717、173μmであった。得られた継手について、JIS Z 2331の「ヘリウム漏れ試験方法」に従いヘリウムリーク試験を行ったところ、3.2 x 10-11 Pa・m3/sec (常温)であり、優れた耐リーク性能を持つことが判った。また、JIS Z 2242に準じて、シャルピー衝撃試験片を作製し-196℃(液体窒素)で冷却したものを衝撃試験したところ、アルミニウム合金と純アルミニウムの接合界面で52J、純アルミニウムとチタンの接合界面で62J、チタンとニッケルの接合界面で104J、ニッケルとステンレス鋼の接合界面で90Jの吸収エネルギー値が得られた。
第1部材としてアルミニウム合金(JIS A5052P-O、板厚:50mm) を使用し、中間材が工業用純アルミニウム(JIS A1100P-H112、板厚:12mm)と銀板(JIS H2141 Grade1、板厚:1mm) からなり、第2部材がステンレス鋼(JIS SUS304L、板厚:50mm)からなる4層クラッドを製作した。異材継手全長をつば部長さで除した値は1.9であり、接合界面の波長と波高は、アルミニウム合金と純アルミニウムの接合界面でそれぞれ858、322μm、純アルミニウムと銀の接合界面でそれぞれ500、79μm、銀とステンレス鋼の接合界面でそれぞれ250、50μmであった。得られた継手について、JIS Z 2331の「ヘリウム漏れ試験方法」に従いヘリウムリーク試験を行ったところ、1.3 x 10-11 Pa・m3/sec (常温)であり、優れた耐リーク性能を持つことが判った。また、JIS Z 2242に準じて、シャルピー衝撃試験片を作製し-196℃(液体窒素)で冷却したものを衝撃試験したところ、アルミニウム合金と純アルミニウムの接合界面で39J、純アルミニウムと銀の接合界面で61J、銀とステンレス鋼の接合界面で65Jの吸収エネルギー値が得られた。
土壌表層の砂粒が6 Meshを通過し、土壌の平均指標硬度が4.9mmの土壌環境で、アルミニウム合金(ASME SB-209 5083-O)と純アルミニウム(ASME SB-209 1100-H112)とチタン(ASME SB-265 Grade 1)とニッケル(ASME SB-162 UNS NO02200)とステンレス鋼(ASME SA-240 Type304L)からなる5層クラッドを爆発圧着法により作製した。このクラッドに対してJIS G 0601に従った超音波探傷試験を行い、接合が確認された位置から図2に示す形状の異材継手を製作し性能評価を行った(a=73mm,b=4.4mm,c=25mm,d=80mm,e=102mm,R=5mm)。
土壌の平均指標硬度が4.9mm、土壌表層の砂粒が6 Meshを通過する土壌環境で、アルミニウム合金(ASME SB-209 5083-O)と純アルミニウム(ASME SB-209 1100-H112)と銀(ASTM B-413)とステンレス鋼(ASME SA-240 Type304L)からなる4層クラッドを爆発圧着法により作製した。このクラッドに対してJIS G 0601に従った超音波探傷試験を行い、接合が確認された位置から図2に示す形状の異材継手を製作し性能評価を行った(a=60mm,b=7mm,c=25mm,d=106mm,e=76mm,R=5mm)。
接合界面の波高測定結果、浸透探傷試験及びヘリウム漏れ試験の結果を以下の表3に示す。波高・指示模様は本発明[1]乃至[4]の範囲内であり、漏れも生じていないことが確認された。
土壌表層の砂粒が6 Meshを通過する土壌環境で平均指標硬度を20mmとして爆発圧着を行った以外は、実施例3と同様に製作したクラッド板から、継手材を製作し、性能評価を行った。結果を以下の表4に示す。波高及び指示模様が本発明[1]乃至[3]の範囲から外れる継手材が製作された。但し、ヘリウム漏れ試験では漏れは確認されなかった。
土壌の平均指標硬度が4.9mm、土壌表層の砂粒が6 Meshを通過する土壌環境で、アルミニウム合金(JIS A3003P-O)とチタン(JIS TP270C)とニッケル(JIS NW2201)とステンレス鋼(JIS SUS304L)からなる4層クラッドを爆発圧着法により作製した。このクラッドに対してJIS G 0601に従った超音波探傷試験を行い、接合が確認された位置から元板厚さままで9mm×250mmの継手材をバンドソーで切り出した。継手材外周の切断面を研磨して表面仕上げを行った。
接合界面の波高は継手材外周面上で拡大鏡・ノギスを用いて測定した。浸透探傷試験はJIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2に従い外周面全面に行い検出した指示模様の長さ又は直径を測定した。その結果を以下の表6に示す。波高は本発明[10]乃至[11]の範囲内であり、指示模様は一切検出しなかった。
実施例5と同様の材料を用いて、土壌の平均指標硬度が20mm、土壌表層の砂粒が6 Meshを通過する土壌環境で製作した4層クラッドから、実施例5と同じ継手材を切り出し、性能評価を行った。結果を以下の表7に示す。波高及び指示模様が本発明[10]乃至[11]の範囲から外れる継手材が製作された。
1 第1部材
2 第2部材
3 第3部材(中間材)
4 フィレット部
5 つば部
(図2の符号)
1 アルミニウム合金
2 アルミニウム
3 チタン
4 ニッケル
5 ステンレス鋼
(図5の符号)
1 アルミニウム合金
2 チタン
3 ニッケル
4 ステンレス鋼
Claims (15)
- 一方の最外端がアルミニウム合金、他方の最外端がステンレス鋼又は鋼であり、該アルミニウム合金と該ステンレス鋼又は鋼の間の中間材として、純アルミニウム、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、チタン、チタン合金、銅、銅合金及び銀からなる群から選ばれる2種以上を含む、4層以上の多層クラッド材からなる異材継手であって、該各層間の各接合界面の全てが、波高1mm以下の波状の接合界面であることを特徴とする異材継手。
- 一方の最外端がアルミニウム合金、他方の最外端がステンレス鋼又は鋼であり、該アルミニウム合金は純アルミニウムとクラッド化され、該純アルミニウムと該ステンレス鋼又は鋼の間の中間材としてニッケル、ニッケル合金、チタン、チタン合金、銅、銅合金及び銀からなる群から選ばれる1種以上を含む、4層以上の多層クラッド材からなる異材継手であって、該各層間の各接合界面の全てが、波高1mm以下の波状の接合界面である、請求項1に記載の異材継手。
- 前記各接合界面において、JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2浸透探傷試験により検出される指示模様がいずれも1mm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の異材継手。
- 前記異材継手が所定の周長をもつ配管形状であり、前記各接合界面において、前記浸透探傷試験により検出される指示模様の長さの合計値が、該周長の3%以下である、請求項2又は3に記載の異材継手。
- 350℃30分間の熱処理後に沸騰水(100℃)と液体窒素(-196℃)を用いた熱サイクルを1000回実施した後のJIS Z 2242に従うシャルピー衝撃試験において、各接合界面において、衝撃吸収エネルギーが15J以上である、請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の異材継手。
- 前記各層が、爆発圧着によって接合されたものである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の異材継手。
- 液化天然ガスの液化・気化プラント設備用の、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の異材継手。
- 空気分離装置用の、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の異材継手。
- アルミ配管とステンレス配管の接合用として、アルミニウム合金、純アルミニウム、チタン、ニッケル、及びステンレス鋼の5層で構成されている、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の異材継手。
- 一方の最外端がアルミニウム合金、他方の最外端がステンレス鋼又は鋼であり、該アルミニウム合金と該ステンレス鋼又は鋼の間の中間材として、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、チタン、及びチタン合金からなる群から選ばれる2種を含む、4層の多層クラッド材からなる異材継手であって、該各層間の各接合界面の全てが、波高1mm以下の波状の接合界面である、請求項1に記載の異材継手。
- 前記各接合界面において、JIS Z 2343-1-II Cd-2浸透探傷試験により検出される指示模様が、異材継手の長さ10mmの範囲で、5個以下である、請求項10に記載の異材継手。
- 前記各層が、爆発圧着によって接合されたものである、請求項10又は11に記載の異材継手。
- モス型の液化天然ガス運搬船に使用されるアルミ製球形タンクと鋼製の船体の接合用として、アルミニウム合金、チタン、ニッケル、及びステンレス鋼の4層で構成されている、請求項10~13のいずれか1項に記載の異材継手。
- 土壌の上に母材を置き、該母材の上に所定間隔をもたせて合材を重ね、該合材上の全面に粉末の爆薬をセットし、該爆薬を爆発させることにより該母材に該合材を接合させる爆発圧着法により前記各層を接合する際、貫入式土壌硬度計のコーン圧入により土壌の反力を測定し、それを縮長さで表した該土壌の指標硬度が10mm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項6~9、12、及び13のいずれか1項に記載の異材継手の製造方法。
- 前記各層を接合する際、JIS Z8801に従う6 Meshの試験用篩を通過する砂粒を、前記土壌の表層として使用する、請求項14に記載の方法。
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CN201480003821.9A CN104994986A (zh) | 2013-04-28 | 2014-04-23 | 异质材料接头 |
KR1020177031492A KR20170124630A (ko) | 2013-04-28 | 2014-04-23 | 이재 조인트 |
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JP7554270B2 (ja) | 2020-08-14 | 2024-09-19 | 旭化成株式会社 | クラッド及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2992992A4 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
CN104994986A (zh) | 2015-10-21 |
JP2016175127A (ja) | 2016-10-06 |
EP2992992B1 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
EP2992992B8 (en) | 2020-12-09 |
CN203292697U (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
KR20150088309A (ko) | 2015-07-31 |
JP6346888B2 (ja) | 2018-06-20 |
JP6449192B2 (ja) | 2019-01-09 |
KR20170124630A (ko) | 2017-11-10 |
EP2992992A1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
JPWO2014178315A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
US20150314390A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
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