WO2014148353A1 - RFeB系磁石製造方法、RFeB系磁石及び粒界拡散処理用塗布物 - Google Patents
RFeB系磁石製造方法、RFeB系磁石及び粒界拡散処理用塗布物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014148353A1 WO2014148353A1 PCT/JP2014/056702 JP2014056702W WO2014148353A1 WO 2014148353 A1 WO2014148353 A1 WO 2014148353A1 JP 2014056702 W JP2014056702 W JP 2014056702W WO 2014148353 A1 WO2014148353 A1 WO 2014148353A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0576—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together pressed, e.g. hot working
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an RFeB-based magnet (R is a rare earth element) having R 2 Fe 14 B as a main phase.
- the main phase of the RFeB magnet includes main phase particles containing at least one of Nd and Pr as the main rare earth elements (hereinafter, these two rare earth elements are collectively referred to as “light rare earth elements R L ”). Diffusion of at least one rare earth element of Dy, Tb and Ho (hereinafter, these three rare earth elements are collectively referred to as “heavy rare earth element R H ”) near the surface through the grain boundaries of the main phase particles. It relates to the method of making it.
- the present invention also relates to an RFeB magnet produced by the method, and a grain boundary diffusion treatment coating to be used in the method.
- RFeB magnet was discovered by Sagawa (the present inventors) in 1982, and has a feature that many magnetic properties such as residual magnetic flux density are much higher than those of conventional permanent magnets. For this reason, RFeB magnets are used in a variety of applications, including hybrid and electric vehicle drive motors, motor-assisted bicycle motors, industrial motors, voice coil motors such as hard disks, luxury speakers, headphones, and permanent magnet magnetic resonance diagnostic devices. Used in products.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 powder or the like containing R H or R H compound is attached to the surface of the RFeB magnet, and the RFeB magnet is heated together with the coated material, thereby passing through the grain boundary of the RFeB magnet. It is described that RH atoms are diffused near the surface of a crystal grain. This method of diffusing RH atoms through the grain boundary near the surface of the crystal grain is called “grain boundary diffusion method”.
- the RFeB magnet before the grain boundary diffusion treatment is referred to as “base material”, and is distinguished from the RFeB magnet after the grain boundary diffusion treatment.
- Patent Document 1 since the powder or foil containing R H or R H compound is merely brought into contact with the surface of the base material, the adhesion between the powder or foil and the base material is weak, and a sufficient amount RH atoms cannot be diffused near the surface of the crystal grains of the RFeB magnet.
- distributed the powder of RH or the RH compound in the organic solvent is apply
- the adhesion to the RFeB magnet can be increased compared to powder (only) or foil, so more RH atoms diffuse near the surface of the crystal grains of the RFeB magnet. Can be made.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a slurry form by dispersing RH or RH compound powder in an organic solvent using a screen printing technique. A method is described in which the applied product is applied to the substrate surface. Specifically, a screen having a transmission part that transmits the coating material is brought into contact with the surface of the substrate, and the coating material is supplied to the surface of the screen from the opposite side of the substrate with the screen interposed therebetween. By moving the squeegee while making contact, the coating material is supplied to the substrate surface through the transmission part. Thereby, the pattern of the coating material which has a shape corresponding to a permeation
- Patent Document 2 describes that after applying a coating on one surface of a plate-like substrate, the orientation of the substrate is changed and the coating is also applied to the opposite surface.
- the edge of the coated surface is hung on the plate around the hole on a tray provided with holes slightly smaller than the outer shape of the substrate.
- a support provided with a plurality of protrusions is used, and one of the two surfaces coated with the coating is directed downward. By placing on the projections of the material (thus, the other surface faces upward), the contact between the coating on the lower surface and the support is minimized.
- RFeB magnets are mainly composed of (i) a sintered magnet obtained by sintering a raw material alloy powder mainly composed of main phase particles, and (ii) a raw material alloy powder containing a binder (an organic material such as a polymer or an elastomer). There are bond magnets that are made of material and hardened with a binder)), and (iii) hot plastic working magnets that are obtained by subjecting raw material alloy powders to hot plastic working, of which grain boundary diffusion treatment can be performed These are (i) sintered magnets and (iii) hot plastic working magnets in which no organic material binder exists at the grain boundaries.
- JP 2007-258455 A International Publication WO2011 / 136223 JP 2006-019521 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-329810
- the coating has a stronger adhesion to the substrate surface than powder or foil, it still peels off from the substrate surface when heated to diffuse RH to the grain boundaries of the substrate. There is a risk that. In particular, on the surface of the base material facing downward during heating, the coated material is easily peeled off due to the influence of gravity. Further, even if the peeling does not occur, it becomes difficult for RH to move from the coated material to the grain boundary of the base material, and the effect of improving the coercive force by the grain boundary diffusion treatment is reduced.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is an RFeB-based magnet (RFeB-based sintered magnet or RFeB-based hot plastic working magnet) that can increase the adhesion of the coating material for grain boundary diffusion treatment and thereby increase the coercive force. )
- RFeB-based magnet RFeB-based sintered magnet or RFeB-based hot plastic working magnet
- an RFeB-based magnet manufactured by the RFeB-based magnet manufacturing method and a coated product for grain boundary diffusion treatment used in the RFeB-based magnet manufacturing method are also provided.
- the RFeB-based magnet manufacturing method according to the present invention made to solve the above problems is as follows.
- a method for producing a sintered magnet or a hot-worked magnet R L 2 Fe 14 B-based magnet containing a light rare earth element R L that is at least one of Nd and Pr as a main rare earth element Applying a mixture of RH- containing powder containing heavy rare earth element R H consisting of at least one of Dy, Tb and Ho and silicone grease to the surface of the base material of the R L 2 Fe 14 B magnet And The substrate is heated together with the coated material.
- Silicone is a polymer represented by the general formula X 3 SiO— (X 2 SiO) n —SiX 3 (wherein X is an organic group, and each organic group need not be the same). It has a main chain in which atoms are alternately bonded. The bond between Si and O atoms in this main chain is called a “siloxane bond”.
- a silicone grease mainly composed of a silicone having a siloxane bond is heated in order to diffuse RH to the grain boundary of the substrate by including it in a coating applied to the surface of the substrate. It is possible to prevent the coated material from being peeled off from the surface of the base material.
- the adhesion to the base material is higher than that of the conventional coated material, and thereby RH is easily moved to the grain boundary of the base material. Thereby, the coercive force of the RFeB magnet can be increased.
- a screen provided with a transmission part capable of transmitting the coating material is brought into contact with the surface of the base material, and the coating material is applied to the surface of the base material through the transmission part (that is, the screen). It can be suitably applied to the case of using a printing method.
- the lubricant added to the alloy powder in order to increase the packing density and orientation degree of the raw material alloy powder when manufacturing the RFeB magnet can be used as it is.
- a dispersant there is one having a fatty acid ester as a main component.
- those having as a main component at least one of methyl caprylate, methyl caprate, methyl laurate, methyl myristate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl caprate, ethyl laurate, and ethyl myristate are suitable.
- methyl caprylate, methyl caprate, methyl laurate, methyl myristate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl caprate, ethyl laurate, and ethyl myristate are suitable. Can be used.
- a silicone oil having a viscosity lower than that of the silicone grease may be added to the coated material. This method is effective when the viscosity of the coating is too high with only the RH- containing powder and the silicone grease, particularly when the coating is difficult to pass through the screen in the screen printing method.
- R H -containing powder it is desirable to use a powder of an alloy of R H , Ni and Al (R H —Ni—Al alloy). Ni and Al, since an effect of lowering the melting point of the high content of R L rich phase R L than the main phase in the grain boundaries of the base material, a powder of R H -Ni-Al alloy R H containing powder By using for, RH can be easily diffused into the substrate through the grain boundary where the RL rich phase is melted during the grain boundary diffusion treatment.
- an RFeB system magnet having the following high coercive force can be obtained.
- Tb is not contained in the base material, but is contained in the coated material
- Dy is not contained in the base material, whether or not contained in the coated material, the RFeB magnet after grain boundary diffusion treatment
- the weight percentages of Tb and Dy contained in x are x 1 and x 2 respectively, and the coercive force H cJ at room temperature (23 ° C.) is expressed in units of kOe, 0 ⁇ x 1 ⁇ 0.7, 0 ⁇ x 2 and H cJ ⁇ 15 ⁇ x 1 + 2 ⁇ x 2 +14 (1) Satisfy the relationship.
- the upper limit of x 2 is no particular cost is increased too much increasing the amount of Dy. For this reason, x 2 is desirably 5 (% by weight) or less.
- the RFeB system after grain boundary diffusion treatment is used.
- the weight percentage of Dy contained in the magnet and x 2 it represents the coercive force H cJ at room temperature (23 ° C.) in units of kOe, 0 ⁇ x 2 ⁇ 0.7, H cJ ⁇ 8.6 x x 2 +14, (2) 0.7 ⁇ x 2 H cJ ⁇ 2 x x 2 +18.6 (3)
- An RFeB magnet that satisfies the above relationship can be obtained.
- x 2 is desirably 5 (% by weight) or less because the cost increases when the amount of Dy is excessively increased.
- the grain boundary diffusion treatment coating according to the present invention is characterized in that an RH- containing powder containing a heavy rare earth element RH composed of at least one of Dy, Tb and Ho is mixed with silicone grease. And In this grain boundary diffusion treatment coating material, a dispersant or / and silicone oil may be added.
- the R H -containing powder it is desirable to use a powder of R H —Ni—Al alloy.
- the adhesion of the coated material to the base material is increased by adding the silicone grease mainly composed of silicone having a siloxane bond to the coated material, the coated material is treated during the grain boundary diffusion treatment. While preventing peeling from the substrate surface, the coercive force of the RFeB magnet can be increased. This effect of preventing peeling is particularly remarkable on the substrate surface facing downward during heating.
- Embodiments of an RFeB magnet manufacturing method, an RFeB magnet, and a grain boundary diffusion treatment coating according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the base material M can be a sintered magnet or a hot plastic working magnet that does not contain a binder of an organic material, as in a method using a normal grain boundary diffusion treatment.
- a sintered magnet a magnet produced by any of the press method and the pressless method described below can be used.
- the pressing method a raw alloy powder is orientated by a magnetic field, or after being oriented, it is compression-molded into a predetermined shape by a pressing machine and then sintered.
- the pressless method was invented in recent years by a part of the present inventors (Sagawa), and without performing press forming, the raw material alloy powder was filled in a mold having a predetermined shape, and then the orientation and firing in a magnetic field were performed.
- a hot plastic working magnet is a magnet in which crystal orientations are aligned by performing hot extrusion after hot pressing an alloy powder as a raw material (see Patent Document 4).
- a material containing the light rare earth element RL as a main rare earth element is used for the base material M.
- a substrate that does not contain RH it is desirable to use a substrate that does not contain RH.
- the present invention does not exclude the inclusion of the heavy rare earth element R H in the base material M. That is, when importance is attached to increasing the coercive force, a substrate containing RH may be used.
- the grain boundary diffusion treatment coating material 10 (hereinafter referred to as "coating material”) contains silicone grease 11, silicone oil 12, dispersant 13 and R H. It is produced by mixing the powder 14. These four types may be mixed at the same time or in any order.
- a mixture (referred to as “mixture A”) in which the silicone grease 11 and the silicone oil 12 are mixed is prepared, and the mixture A and the dispersing agent are prepared. 13 and RH- containing powder 14 may be mixed. Thereby, since the viscosity of the mixture A is lower than that of the silicone grease 11, the RH- containing powder 14 is easily dispersed.
- a mixture in which the dispersant 13 and the RH- containing powder 14 are mixed may be prepared, and the mixture B may be mixed with the silicone grease 11 and the silicone oil 12. This makes it possible to adapt the dispersing agent 13 on the surface of the particles of the R H contained powder 14, R H-containing powder 14 is easily dispersed.
- the mixture A and the mixture B may be prepared first, and then the mixture A and the mixture B may be mixed.
- the types of silicone grease 11 and silicone oil 12 are not particularly limited, and commercially available products can be used as they are.
- the dispersant 13 is not particularly limited as long as it improves the dispersibility of the RH- containing powder, but a fatty acid ester can be suitably used, and among them, those containing a methyl group or an ethyl group in the ester part are preferable.
- examples of such a dispersant include methyl caprylate, methyl caprate, methyl laurate and methyl myristate, and those in which the methyl group is substituted with an ethyl group (such as ethyl caprylate).
- the silicone oil 12 and the dispersant 13 are not essential in the present invention, and a coating that does not include one or both of them may be used.
- a coating is applied to a substrate using a screen printing method as described below, it is desirable to add a dispersant and / or silicone oil to prevent clogging in the screen.
- the coating material is directly applied to the surface of the base material without passing through, the problem of clogging does not occur, so that it is not necessary to add them.
- the RH- containing powder is not particularly limited as long as it contains RH .
- RH may be contained in the form of a single metal, may be contained in the state of an alloy of RH and another metal element, and further, in the state of a compound such as fluoride or oxide. It may be contained. Further, the particles containing the R H, may be a powder particles are mixed containing no R H.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the coating apparatus 20 used in the screen printing method.
- the coating apparatus 20 is roughly divided into a work loader 20A and a print head 20B provided above the work loader 20A.
- the work loader 20 ⁇ / b> A is detachably mounted on the base 21, a lift 22 that is movable in the vertical direction with respect to the base 21, a rail 23 that is detachably mounted on the lift 22, and the rail 23.
- the print head 20 ⁇ / b> B includes a screen 27, a squeegee 28 ⁇ / b> A that can move while contacting the upper surface of the screen 27, and a return scraper 28 ⁇ / b> B.
- the tray 24 is provided with a plurality of holes 241 for accommodating the base material M in a rectangular plate, and the base material M is placed on the lower surface of the hole 241 so as to be hooked.
- a support portion 242 is provided.
- the screen 27 is provided with the same number of transmitting portions 271 as the holes 241 that allow the coating 10 to pass through, corresponding to the positions of the holes 241 of the tray 24.
- the screen 27 can be made of polyester or stainless steel.
- Positioning pins 243 for fixing the position with respect to the crosspieces 23 are provided at the four corners of the lower surface of the tray 24.
- the crosspieces 23 are provided with holes at positions corresponding to the positioning pins 243. Since the screen 27 and the crosspieces 23 other than the tray 24 have a lateral positional relationship, the positions of the holes 241 of the tray 24 and the transmission portions 271 of the screen 27 are determined by positioning the tray 24 with respect to the crosspieces 23. This can be handled as described above.
- the base material M is placed on the support portion 242 of the tray 24.
- the tray 24 is placed on the crosspiece 23 with the lift 22 lowered.
- the supporter 25 is placed on the tray 24.
- the supporter 25 has a role of filling the step between the upper surface of the base material M and the upper surface of the tray 14 so as not to damage the screen 27.
- the coating material 10 is supplied to the upper surface of the screen 27 and moved while pressing the squeegee 28 ⁇ / b> A against the screen 27.
- the applied material 10 passes through the transmission part 271 of the screen 27 and is applied to the upper surface of the base material M.
- the lift 22 is lowered and the lower surface of the base material M is pushed up by the magnet clamp 26 through the hole 241 to take out the base material M from the tray 24. Further, the applied material 10 left on the screen 27 is collected by using the return scraper 28B so as to be reused in the next screen printing operation.
- the base material M is turned upside down by a device (not shown), and the base material M is supported again. Place on the part 242. Then, the lift 22 is raised again to bring the upper surface of the base material M into contact with the transmitting portion 271, and the squeegee 28 ⁇ / b> A is moved on the upper surface of the screen 27.
- the coated material may be directly applied to the substrate without passing through the screen as described above. Moreover, you may apply
- the coating After the coating is applied to the base material, it is heated to a predetermined temperature in the same manner as in the conventional grain boundary diffusion treatment, so that the RH atoms in the coating are transferred to the main phase particles through the grain boundary of the base material. It is diffused near the surface (FIG. 1 (c)).
- the heating temperature at that time is usually about 800 to 950 ° C.
- coated materials P1 to P7 shown in Table 1 were produced.
- the dispersant 13 methyl myristate or methyl laurate was used.
- the silicone grease 11 was used in all the applied products P1 to P8 of this embodiment, but the silicone oil 12 and the dispersant 13 were not used in some applied products.
- the RH- containing powder 14 a TbNiAl alloy or DyNiAl alloy containing Tb or Dy, Ni, and Al at a weight ratio of 92: 4.3: 3.7, an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m (value determined by laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement) The ground powder was used.
- the content rate represents the sum total of the content rate of the silicone grease 11, the silicone oil 12, and the RH containing powder 14 as 100 weight% for convenience
- the content rate of the dispersing agent 13 whose content rate is lower than these 3 types is as follows. The ratio of the total weight of these three types was expressed.
- a coated product for the comparative example a coated product (ratio P1 to P4) using fluid paraffin instead of the silicone grease 11 was prepared. Table 1 shows the components of these coated products P1 to P8 and ratios P1 to P4, the presence or absence of clogging of the screen, and the presence or absence of variation in the coating amount on the substrate surface.
- the silicone oil 12 and the dispersant 13 in order to increase the production efficiency without causing clogging of the screen 27, it is desirable to include the silicone oil 12 and the dispersant 13 in the coated material. Further, in the comparative example, the viscosity of the coated product cannot be made uniform, and there is a possibility that the coating amount varies.
- base materials M1 to M10 containing Dy in the amount shown in Table 2 and having the magnetic properties shown in the same table (not measured with some base materials) were used.
- a plurality of base materials M1 to M10 were prepared.
- Example 1 The coated material P7 was applied to the substrates M1 to M8 using a screen printing method, and the grain boundary diffusion treatment was performed by heating to 900 ° C.
- the base materials M1 and M5 a plurality of materials having different amounts of the coated material P7, that is, different contents of Tb and Dy were prepared.
- content was not measured in the apply
- Tb and Dy of each of the obtained samples were measured by a gravimetric method while leaving the coated material remaining on the surface ("Total” column in Table 3 below).
- the content of Tb and Dy derived from the coated material was determined by subtracting the content of the base material from the content obtained by this measurement (column “derived from coated material” in Table 3).
- the contents of Tb and Dy derived from this coating are (i) the amount diffused in the substrate (near the grain boundary and main phase particle surface) and (ii) the surface of the sample without diffusing into the substrate. Is the sum of the remaining amounts.
- Table 3 shows the production conditions, magnetic characteristics, and Tb and Dy content data of each sample.
- Table 3 and Tables 4 to 6 below the numerical values shown in parentheses in the column of magnetic properties represent the magnetic properties of the substrate used in each sample.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship of magnetic force as a graph. All the experimental data satisfy the relationship of the above formula (1).
- the Tb content exceeds 0.7% by weight, and the coercive force does not satisfy the condition of the formula (1). Further, as shown in FIG. 5, as the Tb content increases, the residual magnetic flux density decreases, and when the Tb content exceeds 0.7% by weight, the coercive force value is almost saturated. From these experimental results, it can be said that the content of Tb is preferably 0.7% by weight or less.
- Example 5 The base material M9 was processed to 17 mm square ⁇ 5.5 mm thick, and the coated material P7 was applied to both the front and back surfaces, and then heated to 900 ° C. and held for 10 hours to carry out grain boundary diffusion treatment. From the obtained sample, 1 mm square flakes were cut out from 5 different positions in the thickness direction from one surface, and the coercive force was measured using a pulse magnetometer. When the contents (total value) of Tb and Dy were determined for the remaining samples from which the slices were cut out in the same manner as in Experiment 1, Tb was 0.47% by weight and Dy was 3.90% by weight. The relationship between the position in the thickness direction and the coercive force is shown in the graph of FIG.
- the coated material contains 10% by weight of both silicone grease and silicone oil, or only 20% by weight of silicone grease (silicone oil is 0). It is not limited to the value of. Specifically, when the viscosity of the coated material is in the range of about 0.1 to 100 Pa ⁇ s, the coated material does not flow down from the surface of the base material M, and at least once the screen does not become clogged. Since the screen printing method can be carried out, the content ratio of the silicone grease and the silicone oil may be appropriately set so that the viscosity is within the above range.
- the dispersant methyl myristate or methyl laurate was used in the above-described examples, but other dispersants such as methyl caprylate can also be used.
- the RH- containing powder is not limited to those made of the above Tb—Ni—Al alloy, and any RH- containing powder may be used as long as it contains RH .
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Abstract
Description
Nd及びPrのうちの少なくとも1種である軽希土類元素RLを主たる希土類元素として含有する焼結磁石又は熱間塑性加工磁石であるRL 2Fe14B系磁石を製造する方法であって、
Dy, Tb及びHoのうちの少なくとも1種から成る重希土類元素RHを含有するRH含有粉末とシリコーングリースを混合した塗布物を、RL 2Fe14B系磁石の基材の表面に塗布し、
該基材を前記塗布物ごと加熱する
ことを特徴とする。
Tbは前記基材には含有させずに、前記塗布物に含有させ、Dyは前記基材では有無を問わずに、前記塗布物に含有させない場合には、粒界拡散処理後のRFeB系磁石に含有されるTb及びDyの重量百分率をそれぞれx1、x2とし、室温(23℃)における保磁力HcJをkOeの単位で表して、
0<x1≦0.7、0≦x2であって、
HcJ≧15×x1+2×x2+14 …(1)
の関係を満たす。
なお、x2の上限値は特に無いが、Dyの量を多くしすぎるとコストが上昇する。そのため、x2は5(重量%)以下とすることが望ましい。
0<x2≦0.7において
HcJ≧8.6×x2+14、 …(2)
0.7<x2において
HcJ≧2×x2+18.6 …(3)
の関係を満たすRFeB系磁石を得ることができる。
なお、この場合にも、Dyの量を多くしすぎるとコストが上昇するという理由により、x2は5(重量%)以下とすることが望ましい。
以下、基材Mに塗布物を塗布する方法の1つであるスクリーン印刷法について、図2及び図3を用いて説明する。図2は、スクリーン印刷法で用いる塗布装置20の一例を示したものである。塗布装置20は大きく分けて、ワークローダ20Aと、ワークローダ20Aよりも上側に設けられた印刷ヘッド20Bから成る。ワークローダ20Aは、ベース21と、ベース21に対して上下方向に移動可能なリフト22と、リフト22上に着脱可能に載置される桟23と、桟23上に着脱可能に載置されるトレイ24と、トレイ24の上面に設けられたサポータ25と、上下動可能な磁石クランプ26とを有する。印刷ヘッド20Bは、スクリーン27と、スクリーン27の上面に接しながら移動可能なスキージ28A及び戻しスクレーパ28Bを有する。
[実験1]
スクリーン印刷法を用いて基材M1~M8に塗布物P7を塗布し、900℃に加熱することにより粒界拡散処理を行った。基材M1及びM5に関しては、塗布物P7の量、すなわちTb及びDyの含有量が異なるものを複数個用意した。なお、塗布した塗布物では含有量は測定せず、その代わりに、粒界拡散処理後の試料における含有量を見積った(後述)。また、本実施例との比較のために、基材M5に塗布物比P1を塗布したもの(試料番号:比1-1)、及び基材M1に塗布物比P2を塗布したもの(試料番号:比1-2)を作製した。
実験1と同様の方法により、基材M1及びM5に塗布物P7を塗布したうえで粒界拡散処理を行った。この実験2では、最終的に得られる試料におけるTbの含有量が実験1よりも多くなるように、実験1よりも塗布物の塗布量を増加させた(なお、塗布した塗布物自体のTbの含有量は測定していない)。得られた実験結果を表4に示す。
次に、Tbを含有せずDyを含有する塗布物P8を用いた実験を行った。この実験では、実験1と同様の方法により、基材M1に塗布物P8を塗布したうえで粒界拡散処理を行った。得られた実験結果を表5、及び前述の図4のグラフに示す。図4のグラフより、得られた試料はいずれも、上記式(2)の関係を満たしていることがわかる。
次に、実験3よりも試料におけるDyの含有量(合計値)が多くなるように、Dyを含有させた基材M3を用いて、実験3と同様の実験を行った。実験結果を表6、及び前述の図4のグラフに示す。図4のグラフより、比較例である比4-1, 4-2の試料は上記式(3)の関係を満たしていないのに対して、本実施例の試料はいずれも上記式(3)の関係を満たしていることがわかる。なお、比4-3の試料については図4に図示していないが、上記式(3)の関係を満たしていない。
基材M9を17mm平方×厚み5.5mmに加工し、表裏両面に塗布物P7を塗布したうえで、900℃に加熱して10時間保持することにより、粒界拡散処理を行った。得られた試料から、一方の面からの厚み方向の位置が異なる5箇所から1mm平方の薄片を切り出し、パルス磁束計を用いて保磁力を測定した。薄片を切り出した残りの試料につき、実験1と同様の方法によりTb及びDyの含有量(合計値)を求めたところ、Tbが0.47重量%、Dyが3.90重量%であった。厚み方向の位置と保磁力の関係を図6のグラフに示す。厚み方向の中央付近では、表裏両面付近よりも保磁力がやや低いものの、厚み方向の全体に亘って、30.7~31.7kOeという、基材M9のみの場合(22.4kOe)よりも高い値が得られた。これは、本実施例において、塗布物に含有されていたTbが、粒界拡散処理によって基材の厚み方向の中央付近にまで行き亘っていることを示している。
例えば、上記実施例では、塗布物にはシリコーングリースとシリコーンオイルを共に10重量%含有させるか、又はシリコーングリースのみを20重量%含有させた(シリコーンオイルは0)が、これらの含有率は上記の値に限定されない。具体的には、塗布物の粘度がおおむね0.1~100Pa・sの範囲内であれば、塗布物が基材Mの表面から流れ落ちることなく、且つ、少なくとも1回はスクリーンの目詰まりが生じることなくスクリーン印刷法を実施することができるため、粘度が上記範囲内になるように、シリコーングリース及びシリコーンオイルの含有率を適宜設定すればよい。
分散剤は、上記実施例ではミリスチン酸メチル又はラウリン酸メチルを使用したが、カプリル酸メチル等、その他の分散剤を用いることもできる。RH含有粉末も上記のTb-Ni-Al合金製のものには限られず、RHを含有していれば特に問わない。
11…シリコーングリース
12…シリコーンオイル
13…分散剤
14…RH含有粉末
20…塗布装置
20A…ワークローダ
20B…印刷ヘッド
21…ベース
22…リフト
23…桟
24…トレイ
241…トレイの孔
242…支持部
243…位置決めピン
25…サポータ
26…磁石クランプ
27…スクリーン
271…透過部
28A…スキージ
28B…戻しスクレーパ
Claims (15)
- Nd及びPrのうちの少なくとも1種である軽希土類元素RLを主たる希土類元素として含有する焼結磁石又は熱間塑性加工磁石であるRL 2Fe14B系磁石を製造する方法であって、
Dy, Tb及びHoのうちの少なくとも1種から成る重希土類元素RHを含有するRH含有粉末とシリコーングリースを混合した塗布物を、RL 2Fe14B系磁石の基材の表面に塗布し、
該基材を前記塗布物ごと加熱する
ことを特徴とするRFeB系磁石製造方法。 - 前記塗布物に、前記RH含有粉末の分散性を高める分散剤を添加することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のRFeB系磁石製造方法。
- 前記分散剤が脂肪酸エステルを主成分とするものであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のRFeB系磁石製造方法。
- 前記分散剤がカプリル酸メチル、カプリン酸メチル、ラウリン酸メチル、ミリスチン酸メチル、カプリル酸エチル、カプリン酸エチル、ラウリン酸エチル、ミリスチン酸エチルのうちの少なくとも1種を主成分とするものであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のRFeB系磁石製造方法。
- 前記塗布物に、前記シリコーングリースよりも粘性が低い、シリコーンオイルを添加することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のRFeB系磁石製造方法。
- 前記RH含有粉末がRH-Ni-Al合金の粉末であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のRFeB系磁石製造方法。
- 前記塗布物を透過させることができる透過部が設けられたスクリーンを前記基材の表面に接触させ、該透過部を通して該基材の表面に該塗布物を塗布することを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のRFeB系磁石製造方法。
- 希土類R、鉄Fe及びホウ素Bを含有するR2Fe14Bを主相とするRFeB系磁石であって、Tb及びDyの重量百分率をそれぞれx1、x2とし、室温における保磁力HcJをkOeの単位で表して、
0<x1≦0.7、0≦x2であって、
HcJ≧15×x1+2×x2+14
の関係を満たすことを特徴とするRFeB系磁石。 - 希土類R、鉄Fe及びホウ素Bを含有するR2Fe14Bを主相とするRFeB系磁石であって、Dyの重量百分率をx2とし、室温における保磁力HcJをkOeの単位で表して、
0<x2≦0.7において
HcJ≧8.6×x2+14、
0.7<x2において
HcJ≧2×x2+18.6
の関係を満たすことを特徴とするRFeB系磁石。 - Dy, Tb及びHoのうちの少なくとも1種から成る重希土類元素RHを含有するRH含有粉末とシリコーングリースを混合したものであることを特徴とする粒界拡散処理用塗布物。
- 前記RH含有粉末の分散性を高める分散剤が添加されていることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の粒界拡散処理用塗布物。
- 前記分散剤が脂肪酸エステルを主成分とするものであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の粒界拡散処理用塗布物。
- 前記分散剤がカプリル酸メチル、カプリン酸メチル、ラウリン酸メチル、ミリスチン酸メチル、カプリル酸エチル、カプリン酸エチル、ラウリン酸エチル、ミリスチン酸エチルのうちの少なくとも1種を主成分とするものであることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の粒界拡散処理用塗布物。
- 前記シリコーングリースよりも粘性が低い、シリコーンオイルが添加されていることを特徴とする請求項10~13のいずれかに記載の粒界拡散処理用塗布物。
- 前記RH含有粉末がRH-Ni-Al合金の粉末であることを特徴とする請求項10~14のいずれかに記載の粒界拡散処理用塗布物。
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2014
- 2014-03-13 EP EP14768462.5A patent/EP2977998B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-03-13 WO PCT/JP2014/056702 patent/WO2014148353A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-03-13 JP JP2015506727A patent/JP6180507B2/ja active Active
- 2014-03-13 US US14/777,638 patent/US10475561B2/en active Active
- 2014-03-13 KR KR1020157027685A patent/KR101733905B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-03-13 CN CN201810001024.7A patent/CN108269666B/zh active Active
- 2014-03-13 CN CN201480016944.6A patent/CN105144321B/zh active Active
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Cited By (9)
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JP2016178289A (ja) * | 2015-03-18 | 2016-10-06 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
JP2018026390A (ja) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-02-15 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
US20180122571A1 (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-03 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | METHOD FOR PRODUCING RFeB-BASED MAGNET |
EP3425643A1 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-09 | Daido Steel Co.,Ltd. | Rfeb-based magnet and method for producing rfeb-based magnet |
US11328845B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2022-05-10 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | RFeB-based magnet and method for producing RFeB-based magnet |
JP2021087011A (ja) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-03 | 煙台首鋼磁性材料株式有限公司 | Nd−Fe−B系焼結永久磁性体の製造方法 |
JP7137908B2 (ja) | 2019-11-29 | 2022-09-15 | 煙台東星磁性材料株式有限公司 | Nd-Fe-B系焼結永久磁性体の製造方法 |
JP2022545759A (ja) * | 2020-07-20 | 2022-10-31 | 江西金力永磁科技股▲分▼有限公司 | 勾配分布を有するネオジム-鉄-ホウ素磁性体およびその製造方法 |
JP7291796B2 (ja) | 2020-07-20 | 2023-06-15 | 江西金力永磁科技股▲分▼有限公司 | ステップ状の磁気特性勾配分布を有するネオジム-鉄-ホウ素磁性体およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10475561B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
JP6484300B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
CN105144321A (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
CN105144321B (zh) | 2017-12-22 |
CN108269666A (zh) | 2018-07-10 |
EP2977998A1 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
KR20150131092A (ko) | 2015-11-24 |
CN108269666B (zh) | 2019-12-06 |
KR101733905B1 (ko) | 2017-05-08 |
US20160300649A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
JP2017224831A (ja) | 2017-12-21 |
EP2977998A4 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
JP6180507B2 (ja) | 2017-08-16 |
EP2977998B1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
JPWO2014148353A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
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