WO2014132917A1 - 電荷輸送性ワニス - Google Patents
電荷輸送性ワニス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014132917A1 WO2014132917A1 PCT/JP2014/054312 JP2014054312W WO2014132917A1 WO 2014132917 A1 WO2014132917 A1 WO 2014132917A1 JP 2014054312 W JP2014054312 W JP 2014054312W WO 2014132917 A1 WO2014132917 A1 WO 2014132917A1
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- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZSBOTBREDQGUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCO.CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZSBOTBREDQGUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LNBHUCHAFZUEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+) Chemical compound [Eu+3] LNBHUCHAFZUEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006343 heptafluoro propyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229940031993 lithium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LDJNSLOKTFFLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;benzoate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LDJNSLOKTFFLSL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005246 nonafluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- OEDAJYOQELMMFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O OEDAJYOQELMMFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MILWSGRFEGYSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2-diol;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound CC(O)CO.OCC(O)CO MILWSGRFEGYSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003967 siloles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical class O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G16/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00
- C08G16/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00 of aldehydes
- C08G16/0212—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00 of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic organic compounds
- C08G16/0218—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00 of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic organic compounds containing atoms other than carbon and hydrogen
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charge transporting varnish.
- a charge transporting thin film is used for an organic electroluminescence (hereinafter referred to as organic EL) element.
- the method for forming the charge transporting thin film is roughly classified into a dry process typified by vapor deposition and a wet process typified by spin coating. These methods are appropriately used depending on the area of the thin film to be formed and the solubility of the material to be thinned in the organic solvent. In general, two layers, a layer called a hole injection layer and a layer called a hole transport layer, are arranged in this order from the anode side between the anode and the light emitting layer of the organic EL element.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and realizes an organic EL element having excellent luminance characteristics and durability even when used as a single layer in an aspect in contact with an anode and a light emitting layer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a charge transporting varnish that provides a thin film that can be formed.
- the present inventor is composed of a predetermined charge transporting material containing a fluorine atom, a predetermined charge transporting material not containing a fluorine atom, and a heteropolyacid. Even when a thin film obtained from a charge transporting varnish containing a dopant substance is used as a single layer in a form in contact with an anode and a light emitting layer, an organic EL device having excellent luminance characteristics and durability is obtained. The present invention has been completed.
- the present invention A charge transporting material containing a fluorine atom, a charge transporting material not containing a fluorine atom, a dopant material comprising a heteropolyacid, and an organic solvent, wherein the charge transporting material containing a fluorine atom is a triaryl A polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 200,000 obtained by condensing an amine compound, an aryl aldehyde compound containing a fluorine atom, and a fluorene derivative having a carbonyl group, the charge not containing the fluorine atom A charge transporting varnish, wherein the transporting substance is an oligoaniline compound; 2.
- the charge transporting substance containing a fluorine atom includes a triarylamine compound represented by the formula (1), an aryl aldehyde compound containing a fluorine atom represented by the formula (2), and the formula (3) or the formula (4).
- R 9 and R 10 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a (poly) ethylene oxide group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with Z 2.
- C2-C20 alkenyl group or charcoal 2-20 alkynyl group or together are substituted with ethenyl group or an ethynyl group
- an alkyl group of Z 2 is 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 20 substituted with
- Z 1 is a halogen atom, a nitro group
- Z 2 represents a halogen atom
- Z 3 represents a fluorine atom, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a fluor
- the triarylamine compound is a triphenylamine derivative represented by the formula (5): (Wherein R 11 to R 22 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 2 , Represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and Z 2 represents the same meaning as described above.) 4).
- R 11 to R 22 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 2 , Represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and Z 2 represents the same meaning as described above.) 4).
- the aryl aldehyde compound is a benzaldehyde derivative represented by formula (6) or formula (7);
- R 23 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 24 to R 27 independently of one another represent a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or a nitro group or cyano group.
- R 28 to R 32 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the oligoaniline compound is any one of the charge transporting varnishes represented by formula (8): (Wherein R 33 to R 38 are independently of each other a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (excluding a fluorine atom), a nitro group, a cyano group, or a carbon atom optionally substituted with Z 6.
- X 1 is, -NY 1 -, - O - , - S -, - (CR 39 R 40) l represents a single bond, R 39 and R 40 have the same meaning as R 33 , l is an integer of 1 to 20, Y 1 is independently of each other a hydrogen atom, Z 6 may be substituted, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or may be substituted with Z 7, 6 ⁇ 20 carbon atoms, An aryl group or a heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein Z 6 is a halogen atom (excluding a fluorine atom),
- An organic electroluminescence device having nine charge transporting thin films; 12 An organic electroluminescent device comprising at least an anode, a cathode, a light emitting layer, and a charge transporting thin film of 9 and having the charge transporting thin film in a mode of being in contact with each layer between the anode and the light emitting layer; 13. A method for producing a charge-transporting thin film, comprising: applying a charge-transporting varnish of any one of 1 to 8 onto a substrate; and evaporating the solvent; 14 A method for producing an organic electroluminescence device using the charge transporting thin film of 9, 15.
- a triarylamine compound represented by formula (1), an arylaldehyde compound containing a fluorine atom represented by formula (2), and a fluorene derivative having a carbonyl group represented by formula (3) or formula (4) A polymer obtained by condensation and having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 200,000 (In the formula, Ar 1 to Ar 3 independently represent an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 1 , and at least one carbon atom constituting each aryl group is Unsubstituted, Ar 4 represents an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which is substituted with at least one Z 3 and may be substituted with Z 4 , and R 1 to R 8 are independent of each other A hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which may
- R 9 and R 10 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a (poly) ethylene oxide group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with Z 2.
- C2-C20 alkenyl group or charcoal 2-20 alkynyl group or together are substituted with ethenyl group or an ethynyl group
- an alkyl group of Z 2 is 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 20 substituted with
- Z 1 is a halogen atom, a nitro group
- Z 2 represents a halogen atom
- Z 3 represents a fluorine atom, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a fluor
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention can provide an organic EL device having excellent luminance characteristics and durability even when a thin film is formed as a single layer between the anode and the light emitting layer in contact with them.
- the reason for this is not clear, but the charge transporting substance containing fluorine atoms easily migrates to the surface side of the thin film (light emitting layer side), so the charge transporting substance containing fluorine atoms is on the surface side of the thin film (light emitting layer side).
- a charge transporting material not containing them is unevenly distributed on the back side (anode side) of the thin film, phase-separated into a hole injection site and a hole transport site within a single layer, and is positively directed from the anode toward the light emitting layer.
- the hole injecting component functions as a hole injecting and transporting layer similar to the case where these two layers exist.
- the charge transport varnish of the present invention can produce a thin film excellent in charge transport with good reproducibility even when using various wet processes capable of forming a large area such as a spin coat method and a slit coat method. Therefore, it can sufficiently cope with recent progress in the field of organic EL elements.
- the thin film obtained from the charge transporting varnish of the present invention can be used as an antistatic film, an anode buffer layer of an organic thin film solar cell, or the like.
- a charge transporting varnish according to the present invention includes a charge transporting material containing a fluorine atom, a charge transporting material not containing a fluorine atom, a dopant material composed of a heteropolyacid, and an organic solvent, and containing a fluorine atom.
- the charge transporting substance is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 200,000 obtained by condensing a triarylamine compound, an arylaldehyde compound containing a fluorine atom, and a fluorene derivative having a carbonyl group.
- the charge transporting substance containing no fluorine atom is an oligoaniline compound.
- charge transportability is synonymous with conductivity and is synonymous with hole transportability.
- the charge transporting substance may be a substance having a charge transporting property per se, or a substance having a charge transporting property when used together with a dopant substance.
- the charge transporting varnish may be one that has charge transporting property itself, and the solid film obtained thereby may have charge transporting property.
- the triarylamine compound used for the production of the charge transporting material containing a fluorine atom is not particularly limited, but a compound represented by the formula (1) is preferable.
- Ar 1 to Ar 3 each independently represents an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 1 , and contributes to a condensation reaction with an aldehyde compound or a fluorene derivative. Therefore, at least one carbon atom constituting each aryl group is unsubstituted (that is, a hydrogen atom on the carbon atom).
- the aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthryl group, 2-anthryl group, 9-anthryl group, 1-phenanthryl group, 2-phenanthryl group.
- the substituent Z 1 is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with Z 2 .
- Z 2 represents a halogen atom, a nitro group, or a cyano group.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include ethenyl group, n-1-propenyl group, n-2-propenyl group, 1-methylethenyl group, n-1-butenyl group, n-2-butenyl group, n-3-butenyl group, 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, 2-methyl-2-propenyl group, 1-ethylethenyl group, 1-methyl-1-propenyl group, 1-methyl-2-propenyl group, n- 1-pentenyl group, n-1-decenyl group, n-1-eicocenyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms examples include ethynyl group, n-1-propynyl group, n-2-propynyl group, n-1-butynyl group, n-2-butynyl group, and n-3-butynyl.
- the substituent Z 1, halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group of Z 2 is 1 carbon atoms which may be 1-20 preferably substituted with a halogen atom, it may be substituted with Z 2
- An alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable, and it is optimal that it does not exist (that is, Ar 1 to Ar 3 are unsubstituted aryl groups).
- a halogen atom is preferable, a fluorine atom is more preferable, and it is optimal that it is not present (that is, unsubstituted).
- triarylamine compound examples include those represented by the formula (5), but are not limited thereto.
- R 11 to R 22 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 2 ,
- An alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms is represented.
- examples of the halogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group and Z 2 include the same ones as described above.
- R 11 to R 22 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 2 , and substituted with a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or Z 2
- An alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be used is more preferable, and all hydrogen atoms are optimal.
- the aryl aldehyde compound containing a fluorine atom is not particularly limited, but a compound represented by the formula (2) is preferable.
- Ar 4 represents an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with at least one Z 3 and may be substituted with Z 4.
- the substituent Z 3 represents a fluorine atom, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a fluorinated aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms
- Z 4 represents a chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, nitro group, a cyano group or may be substituted with Z 5,
- Z 5 represents an alkyl group, alkenyl group or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms having 2 to 20 carbon atoms having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- Z 5 is a chlorine atom
- a bromine atom, an iodine atom, a nitro group, or a cyano group is represented.
- Examples of the fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the fluorinated aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include, for example, on the carbon atom of the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms described above.
- a group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom is exemplified.
- examples of the alkyl group, alkenyl group, and alkynyl group include those described above.
- Z 3 is preferably a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom or a perfluorocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a fluoroalkyl group is even more preferred.
- Z 4 preferably an alkyl group Z 5 which do ⁇ 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with, more preferably an alkyl group which 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 10 substituted by Z 5, Z 5
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted with is more preferable, and it is more preferable that the alkyl group is not present (that is, unsubstituted).
- Z 5 is preferably a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, more preferably not present (that is, unsubstituted).
- fluorinated alkyl group examples include trifluoromethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, heptafluoropropyl group, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group.
- 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl group 2,2,2-trifluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl) ethyl group, nonafluorobutyl group, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl group, Decafluoropentyl group, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentyl group, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl group, tri Decafluorohexyl group, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-undecafluorohexyl group, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6 , 6-Decafluorohexyl group, 3,3,4 4,5,5,6,6,6- nonafluorohexyl group, and the like.
- fluorinated aryl group examples include 4-fluorophenyl group, 2,3-difluorophenyl group, 2,4-difluorophenyl group, 2,5-difluorophenyl group, 2,6-difluorophenyl group, pentafluoro Phenyl group, 1-fluoro-2-naphthyl group, 1-fluoro-3-naphthyl group, 1-fluoro-4-naphthyl group, 1-fluoro-5-naphthyl group, 1-fluoro-6-naphthyl group, 1- Fluoro-7-naphthyl group, 1-fluoro-8-naphthyl group, 2-fluoro-1-naphthyl group, 2-fluoro-3-naphthyl group, 2-fluoro-4-naphthyl group, 2-fluoro-5-naphthyl group Group, 2-fluoro
- aryl aldehyde compounds include those represented by formula (6) or formula (7), but are not limited thereto.
- R 23 represents a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 24 to R 27 are independently of each other a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or a nitro group.
- it represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a cyano group
- examples of the fluorinated alkyl group and the alkyl group include those described above.
- R 23 is preferably a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom or a perfluorocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a fluoroalkyl group is more preferable, and a fluorine atom and a trifluoromethyl group are more preferable.
- R 24 to R 27 are preferably a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferred are alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferred are hydrogen atoms and methyl groups, and most preferred are all hydrogen atoms.
- R 28 to R 32 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples of the fluorinated alkyl group include the same ones as described above. .
- R 28 to R 32 are preferably a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 4 perfluoroalkyl groups are more preferred, fluorine atoms and trifluoromethyl groups are more preferred, and all fluorine atoms are optimal.
- the fluorene derivative having a carbonyl group is not particularly limited, but a compound represented by formula (3) or formula (4) is preferable.
- R 1 to R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 2 ,
- An alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms is represented.
- examples of the halogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group and Z 2 include the same ones as described above.
- R 1 to R 8 a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that may be substituted with Z 2 is preferable, and a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable.
- a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable.
- R 1 to R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 2 Group, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein R 9 and R 10 are each independently of each other, optionally substituted with a hydrogen atom or Z 2.
- alkyl group of ⁇ 20 a (poly) ethylene oxide group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkynyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an ethenyl group or an ethynyl group;
- 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with 2 ;
- examples of the halogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group and Z 2 include the same ones as described above.
- R 1 to R 7 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms that may be substituted with Z 2 , and a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 9 and R 10 are preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a (poly) ethylene oxide group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 2 , and a hydrogen atom, carbon An alkyl group having a number of 1 to 10 is more preferable, and a hydrogen atom is optimal for both.
- a halogen atom is preferable, a fluorine atom is more preferable, and it is optimal that it is not present (that is, unsubstituted).
- the condensation reaction of the triarylamine compound, arylaldehyde compound and fluorene derivative described above can be obtained by condensation polymerization in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- the aldehyde compound and the fluorene derivative can be used in a ratio of about 0.01 to 10 equivalents in total with respect to 1 equivalent of the aryl group of the triarylamine compound, preferably 0.05 to 5 equivalents, 0.1 to 3 equivalents are more preferable.
- the ratio of the aldehyde compound to the fluorene derivative is usually about 0.1 to 20 equivalents per 1 equivalent of the aldehyde compound, but preferably 1 to 15 equivalents. ⁇ 10 equivalents are more preferred.
- the acid catalyst examples include mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid; organic sulfonic acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate; carboxylic acids such as formic acid and oxalic acid Can be used.
- the amount of the acid catalyst to be used is variously selected depending on the kind thereof, but is usually 0.001 to 10 equivalents, preferably 0.01 to 5 equivalents, more preferably 0.1 to 1 equivalent of triarylamines. ⁇ 1 equivalent.
- the above condensation reaction can be carried out without a solvent, it is usually carried out using a solvent.
- Any solvent that does not inhibit the reaction can be used.
- cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane; N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide ( DMAc), amides such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP); ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane and chlorobenzene; benzene, And aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene.
- solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- cyclic ethers are preferred.
- the acid catalyst used is a liquid such as formic acid, the acid catalyst can also serve as a solvent.
- the reaction temperature during the condensation is usually 40 to 200 ° C.
- the reaction time is appropriately set depending on the reaction temperature, but is usually about 30 minutes to 50 hours.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the polymer obtained as described above is usually 500 to 200,000, preferably 1,000 to 100,000.
- an oligoaniline compound is used as a charge transporting material not containing a fluorine atom together with the above-described charge transporting material comprising a polymer having a fluorine atom.
- the oligoaniline compound is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from conventionally known oligoaniline compounds.
- the oligoaniline compound represented by the formula (8) is used. Is preferred.
- R 33 to R 38 may be independently substituted with a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (excluding a fluorine atom), a nitro group, a cyano group, or Z 6.
- alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; Or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 7 , and X 1 represents —NY 1 —, —O—, —S—, -(CR 39 R 40 ) l -or a single bond, R 39 and R 40 have the same meaning as R 33 , l is an integer of 1 to 20, Y 1 is independently of each other; hydrogen atom, may be substituted with Z 6, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or Z 7, Represents an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and Z 6 is substituted
- heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include 2-thienyl group, 3-thienyl group, 2-furanyl group, 3-furanyl group, 2-oxazolyl group, 4-oxazolyl group, 5-oxazolyl group, 3-isoxazolyl group, 4-isoxazolyl group, 5-isoxazolyl group, 2-thiazolyl group, 4-thiazolyl group, 5-thiazolyl group, 3-isothiazolyl group, 4-isothiazolyl group, 5-isothiazolyl group, 2-imidazolyl group, Examples include 4-imidazolyl group, 2-pyridyl group, 3-pyridyl group, 4-pyridyl group, and the like.
- examples of the halogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, and aryl group are the same as those described above.
- X 1 is preferably —NY 1 — or a single bond.
- R 33 to R 36 are each a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a nitro group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with Z 6 , or a carbon number that may be substituted with Z 7
- An aryl group having ⁇ 10 is preferable, a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms are more preferable, and all hydrogen atoms are optimal.
- R 37 and R 38 are each a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a nitro group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with Z 6 , or a carbon number that may be substituted with Z 7
- Preferred is an aryl group having ⁇ 10, and —NY 3 Y 4 group in which Y 3 and Y 4 are aryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 7 , and are preferably a hydrogen atom or a diaryl having 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
- An amino group is more preferred, and at the same time a hydrogen atom or a diphenylamino group is even more preferred.
- R 39 and R 40 are preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 6 , or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 7 , An atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a hydrogen atom is most preferable.
- Y 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 6 , more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and most preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the plurality of Y 1 may be different from each other or all the same.
- R 33 to R 36 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 37 and R 38 are a hydrogen atom, a diarylamino group having 12 to 24 carbon atoms
- X 1 is —NY 1 — or A single bond
- Y 1 is preferably a combination of a hydrogen atom and a methyl group
- R 33 to R 36 are all hydrogen atoms
- R 37 and R 38 are simultaneously a hydrogen atom or a diphenylamino group
- X 1 is — NY 1 —, a single bond
- Y 1 are more preferably a combination of hydrogen atoms.
- the substituent Z 6 is a chlorine atom, bromine atom, nitro group, cyano group, or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 8. And a phenyl group which may be substituted with a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or Z 8 is more preferred, and it is optimal that it is not present (that is, unsubstituted).
- the substituent Z 7 is preferably a chlorine atom, bromine atom, nitro group, cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 8 , and is substituted with a chlorine atom, bromine atom or Z 8 .
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be substituted, is more preferred, and it is optimal that it is not present (that is, unsubstituted).
- Z 8 is preferably a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and optimally absent (ie, unsubstituted).
- m and n are each independently an integer of 1 to 10 and satisfy m + n ⁇ 10, but considering the balance between charge transportability of the obtained thin film and solubility of the oligoaniline compound. Then, it is preferable to satisfy 2 ⁇ m + n ⁇ 8, more preferably 2 ⁇ m + n ⁇ 6, and still more preferably satisfy 2 ⁇ m + n ⁇ 4.
- the molecular weight of the oligoaniline compound not containing a fluorine atom is usually 300 to 5,000, but is preferably 4,000 or less, more preferably 3,000 or less, and even more preferably 2 from the viewpoint of enhancing the solubility. , 000 or less.
- the method for synthesizing the oligoaniline compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but Bulletin of Chemical Society of Japan (1994, 67th). Pp. 1749-1752), Synthetic Metals (1997, 84, 119-120), International Publication No. 2008/032617, International Publication No. 2008/032616, International Publication No. 2008/129947. The method described in No. etc. is mentioned.
- oligoaniline compound represented by formula (8) include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formula.
- the use ratio of the charge transporting material containing a fluorine atom and the charge transporting material containing no fluorine atom is not particularly limited, but the luminance of the organic EL device to be obtained Considering further enhancement of characteristics and durability, the charge transporting material containing fluorine atoms should be about 0.1 to 5 by mass ratio with respect to the charge transporting material 1 containing no fluorine atoms. It is preferably about 0.5 to 3, more preferably about 0.5 to 1.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention contains a heteropolyacid compound as a dopant substance.
- a heteropolyacid has a structure in which a heteroatom is located at the center of a molecule, typically represented by a Keggin type represented by formula (A) or a Dawson type chemical structure represented by formula (B), and vanadium ( V), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and other polyacids such as isopolyacids that are oxygen acids and oxygenates of different elements are condensed.
- the oxygen acid of such a different element mainly include silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), and arsenic (As) oxygen acids.
- heteropolyacid compound examples include phosphomolybdic acid, silicomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, silicotungstic acid, and phosphotungstomolybdic acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Also good.
- the heteropolyacid compound used by this invention is available as a commercial item, and can also be synthesize
- the heteropolyacid is obtained as a commercial product even when the number of elements is large or small from the structure represented by the general formula in quantitative analysis such as elemental analysis, or As long as it is appropriately synthesized according to a known synthesis method, it can be used in the present invention. That is, for example, in general, phosphotungstic acid is represented by the chemical formula H 3 (PW 12 O 40 ) ⁇ nH 2 O, and phosphomolybdic acid is represented by the chemical formula H 3 (PMo 12 O 40 ) ⁇ nH 2 O.
- the mass of the heteropolyacid defined in the present invention is not the mass of pure phosphotungstic acid (phosphotungstic acid content) in the synthesized product or commercially available product, but a commercially available form and a known synthesis. In a form that can be isolated by the method, it means the total mass in a state containing hydration water and other impurities.
- the heteropolyacid preferably phosphotungstic acid
- the heteropolyacid is adjusted to a mass ratio of about 2 to 10, preferably about 2.5 to 9.0, with respect to the oligoaniline compound 1, thereby providing an organic EL device.
- a charge transporting thin film that gives high luminance can be obtained with good reproducibility. That is, in such a charge transporting varnish, the ratio of the mass (W D ) of the heteropolyacid to the mass (W H ) of the oligoaniline compound is 2 ⁇ W D / W H ⁇ 10, preferably 2.5 ⁇ W D / W H ⁇ 9.0 is satisfied.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention may contain a curing agent for the purpose of improving the solvent resistance of a thin film obtained from the varnish.
- a curing agent is not particularly limited, and includes various conventionally known curing agents such as a (meth) acrylate compound, an epoxy compound, and a compound having a blocked isocyanate group.
- acrylate-based curing agents such as compositions containing the same are preferred, and polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compounds and multifunctional acrylate-based curing agents such as compositions containing the same are more preferred.
- acrylate curing agent examples include hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and polypropylene glycol di (meth).
- the amount used is arbitrary as long as it imparts the desired solvent resistance to the resulting thin film and does not adversely affect the original properties such as charge transport properties of the thin film, It is preferable that the mass ratio is about 0.01 to 10 with respect to the total mass 1 of the charge transporting material containing benzene, the charge transporting material not containing fluorine atoms, and the dopant material composed of heteropolyacid. It is more preferably about 05 to 5.0, and still more preferably about 0.10 to 2.0.
- a highly soluble solvent that can dissolve the charge transporting substance and the dopant substance satisfactorily can be used.
- highly soluble solvents include organic solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Can be used. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount used can be 5 to 100% by mass with respect to the total solvent used in the varnish. Note that it is preferable that the charge transporting substance and the dopant substance are either completely dissolved in the solvent or uniformly dispersed.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention has a viscosity of 10 to 200 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 35 to 150 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C., and a boiling point of 50 to 300 ° C., particularly 150 to 250 ° C. at normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).
- the high-viscosity organic solvent can be contained in at least one kind. By adding such a solvent, it becomes easy to adjust the viscosity of the varnish, and it becomes easy to prepare a varnish according to the coating method to be used, which gives a highly flat thin film with good reproducibility.
- the high-viscosity organic solvent is not particularly limited.
- 1,3-butane examples include diol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol and the like.
- These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the addition ratio of the high-viscosity organic solvent to the whole solvent used in the varnish of the present invention is preferably within a range where no solid is precipitated, and the addition ratio is 5 to 80% by mass as long as no solid is precipitated. Is preferred.
- solvents are used in an amount of 1 to 90% by mass, preferably It is also possible to mix at a ratio of 1 to 50% by mass.
- solvents include ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, monoethyl ether, diacetone alcohol, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethyl lactate, and n-hexyl acetate. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the viscosity of the varnish of the present invention is appropriately set according to the thickness of the thin film to be produced and the solid content concentration, but is usually 1 to 50 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C.
- the solid content concentration of the charge transporting varnish in the present invention is appropriately set in consideration of the viscosity and surface tension of the varnish, the thickness of the thin film to be produced, etc. In consideration of improving the coatability of the varnish, it is preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0% by mass.
- a charge transporting thin film can be formed on a base material by applying the charge transporting varnish described above on the base material and baking it.
- the coating method of the varnish is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a dipping method, a spin coating method, a slit coating method, a transfer printing method, a roll coating method, a brush coating, an ink jet method, and a spray method. It is preferable to adjust the viscosity and surface tension of the varnish according to the above.
- the firing atmosphere is not particularly limited, and a thin film having a uniform film formation surface and a high charge transport property in not only an air atmosphere but also an inert gas such as nitrogen or a vacuum. It is possible to obtain.
- the firing temperature is appropriately set within a range of about 100 to 260 ° C. in consideration of the use of the obtained thin film, the degree of charge transportability imparted to the obtained thin film, and the like.
- the temperature is preferably about 140 to 250 ° C, more preferably about 150 to 230 ° C.
- two or more stages of temperature changes may be applied for the purpose of expressing higher uniform film forming properties or causing the reaction to proceed on the substrate.
- the heating may be performed by, for example, a hot plate or an oven. What is necessary is just to perform using an appropriate apparatus.
- the thickness of the charge transporting thin film is not particularly limited, and can be about 5 to 200 nm when used in an organic EL device, but the phase separation of the two types of charge transporting materials used in the present invention is possible. In consideration of further improving the luminance characteristics and lifetime characteristics of the organic EL element by increasing the degree of the above, it is preferably 10 to 100 nm, more preferably 20 to 50 nm, and even more preferably 25 to 45 nm.
- As a method of changing the film thickness there are methods such as changing the solid content concentration in the varnish and changing the amount of the solution on the substrate during coating.
- Examples of materials used and methods for producing an OLED element using the charge transporting varnish of the present invention include the following, but are not limited thereto.
- the electrode substrate to be used is preferably cleaned in advance by liquid cleaning with a detergent, alcohol, pure water or the like.
- the anode substrate is subjected to surface treatment such as UV ozone treatment or oxygen-plasma treatment immediately before use. It is preferable.
- the anode material is mainly composed of an organic material, the surface treatment may not be performed.
- the example of the manufacturing method of the OLED element which has a functional single film (hole injection transport layer) which consists of a thin film obtained from the charge transportable varnish of this invention is as follows.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is applied on the anode substrate and baked by the above method to produce a functional single film on the electrode.
- This is introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus, and a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a cathode metal are sequentially deposited to form an OLED element.
- a carrier block layer may be provided between arbitrary layers.
- anode material examples include transparent electrodes typified by indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO), and those subjected to planarization treatment are preferable.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- Polythiophene derivatives and polyaniline derivatives having high charge transporting properties can also be used.
- Materials for forming the light emitting layer include tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq 3 ), bis (8-quinolinolato) zinc (II) (Znq 2 ), bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) ( p-phenylphenolate) aluminum (III) (BAlq) and 4,4′-bis (2,2-diphenylvinyl) biphenyl (DPVBi), and the like.
- the light emitting layer may be formed by co-evaporation.
- Examples of the electron transport material include Alq 3 , BAlq, DPVBi, (2- (4-biphenyl) -5- (4-t-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PBD), triazole derivatives ( TAZ), bathocuproine (BCP), silole derivatives and the like.
- luminescent dopant examples include quinacridone, rubrene, coumarin 540, 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- (p-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran (DCM), tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium ( III) (Ir (ppy) 3 ), (1,10-phenanthroline) -tris (4,4,4-trifluoro-1- (2-thienyl) -butane-1,3-dionate) europium (III) ( Eu (TTA) 3 phen) and the like.
- Examples of the material for forming the carrier block layer include PBD, TAZ, and BCP.
- Materials for forming the electron injection layer include lithium oxide (Li 2 O), magnesium oxide (MgO), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), lithium fluoride (LiF), magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ), and strontium fluoride. (SrF 2 ), Liq, Li (acac), lithium acetate, lithium benzoate and the like.
- Examples of the cathode material include aluminum, magnesium-silver alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy, lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium and the like.
- the manufacturing method of the PLED element using the charge transportable varnish of this invention is not specifically limited, The following methods are mentioned.
- the functionality comprising the thin film obtained from the charge transporting varnish of the present invention by forming a light emitting polymer layer.
- a PLED element having a single film can be produced.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is applied onto an anode substrate, a functional single film is produced by the above method, a light emitting polymer layer is formed thereon, and a cathode electrode is further deposited.
- a PLED element is obtained.
- the cathode and anode material to be used the same materials as those used in the production of the OLED element can be used, and the same cleaning treatment and surface treatment can be performed.
- the light emitting polymer layer can be formed by adding a solvent to a light emitting polymer material or a material added with a dopant substance to dissolve or uniformly disperse it and apply it on a functional single film. And a method of forming a film by firing.
- the light-emitting polymer material include polyfluorene derivatives such as poly (9,9-dialkylfluorene) (PDAF), poly (2-methoxy-5- (2′-ethylhexoxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH).
- polyphenylene vinylene derivatives such as -PPV
- polythiophene derivatives such as poly (3-alkylthiophene) (PAT), and polyvinylcarbazole (PVCz).
- Examples of the solvent include toluene, xylene, chloroform, and the like.
- Examples of the dissolution or uniform dispersion method include methods such as stirring, heating and stirring, and ultrasonic dispersion.
- the application method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inkjet method, a spray method, a dipping method, a spin coating method, a transfer printing method, a roll coating method, and a brush coating method.
- the application is preferably performed under an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon.
- Examples of the firing method include a method of heating in an oven or a hot plate under an inert gas or in a vacuum.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- Example 2 Charge transporting varnish B A charge transporting varnish was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amounts of the polymer 1, oligoaniline compound 1 and phosphotungstic acid were changed to 154 mg, 26 mg and 128 mg.
- Example 3 Charge transporting varnish C A charge transporting varnish was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 139 mg of the polymer 2 obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was used instead of 139 mg of the polymer 1.
- Example 4 Charge transporting varnish D A charge transporting varnish was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 154 mg of the polymer 2 obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was used instead of 154 mg of the polymer 1.
- Example 9 Charge transporting varnish F A nitrogen circulating glove box was added to the mixture of polymer 2 (139 mg) obtained in Synthesis Example 2, oligoaniline compound 1 (31 mg) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 and phosphotungstic acid (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) (155 mg).
- Dipropylene glycol (1.2 g) was added thereto, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 50 ° C. to dissolve.
- Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (4.8 g) was added thereto and stirred to obtain a green solution. This solution was filtered through a syringe filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to obtain a charge transporting varnish F.
- Example 10 Charge transporting varnish G Further, a charge transporting varnish G was prepared in the same manner as in Example 9, except that a mixture was prepared by adding the curing agent Ogsol EA-F5003 (111 mg).
- OLED element organic EL element
- the substrate used for evaluating the electrical characteristics was 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 0.7 t in which indium tin oxide was patterned on the surface with a film thickness of 150 nm.
- a glass substrate hereinafter abbreviated as ITO substrate
- the ITO substrate was used after removing impurities on the surface using an O 2 plasma cleaning apparatus (150 W, 30 seconds).
- Example 5 Production of OLED element using charge transporting varnish A
- the charge transporting varnish A obtained in Example 1 was applied to an ITO substrate using a spin coater and then dried at 50 ° C for 5 minutes. Further, it was baked at 230 ° C. for 15 minutes to form a uniform thin film of 30 nm on the ITO substrate.
- the ITO substrate on which the thin film was formed was subjected to the deposition of tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq 3 ), lithium fluoride, and aluminum using a vapor deposition apparatus (vacuum degree 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa).
- Thin films were sequentially stacked to obtain an OLED element.
- the deposition rate was 0.2 nm / second for Alq 3 and aluminum, and 0.02 nm / second for lithium fluoride, and the film thicknesses were 40 nm, 0.5 nm, and 100 nm, respectively.
- the characteristic was evaluated. Sealing was performed according to the following procedure. In a nitrogen atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 2 ppm or less and a dew point of -85 ° C or less, the organic EL element is placed between the sealing substrates, and the sealing substrate is bonded with an adhesive (XNR5516Z-B1 manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation). It was. At this time, a water-absorbing agent (manufactured by Dynic Co., Ltd., HD-071010W-40) was placed in the sealing substrate together with the OLED element. The bonded sealing substrate was irradiated with UV light (wavelength: 365 nm, irradiation amount: 6000 mJ / cm 2 ), and then annealed at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to cure the adhesive.
- UV light wavelength: 365 nm, irradiation amount: 6000 mJ / cm 2
- Example 6 Preparation of OLED device using charge transporting varnish B The same method as in Example 5 except that instead of the charge transporting varnish A, the charge transporting varnish B obtained in Example 2 was used. Thus, an OLED element was produced.
- Example 7 Preparation of OLED device using charge transporting varnish C The same method as in Example 5 except that instead of the charge transporting varnish A, the charge transporting varnish C obtained in Example 3 was used. Thus, an OLED element was produced.
- Example 8 Production of OLED element using charge transporting varnish D The same method as in Example 5 except that instead of the charge transporting varnish A, the charge transporting varnish D obtained in Example 4 was used. Thus, an OLED element was produced.
- Example 11 Production of OLED device using charge transporting varnish F The same method as in Example 5 except that instead of the charge transporting varnish A, the charge transporting varnish F obtained in Example 9 was used. Thus, an OLED element was produced.
- Example 12 Production of OLED element using charge transporting varnish G The same method as in Example 5 except that charge transporting varnish G obtained in Example 10 was used instead of charge transporting varnish A Thus, an OLED element was produced.
- Table 1 shows the current density, luminance, and current efficiency at a driving voltage of 7 V during each measurement.
- Example 13 Evaluation of toluene resistance of thin film prepared from charge transporting varnish F
- the charge transporting varnish F obtained in Example 9 was applied to an ITO substrate using a spin coater. Then, it dried at 100 degreeC for 1 minute, and also baked at 230 degreeC for 15 minutes, and formed the uniform thin film of 30 nm on the ITO substrate. Place 0.5 ml of toluene on this substrate, leave it for 1 minute, remove the toluene by spin coating, dry at 120 ° C. for 1 minute, measure the film thickness with a stylus thickness meter, and strip with toluene The remaining film ratio was calculated by comparing with the previous film thickness.
- Example 14 Evaluation of toluene resistance of thin film prepared from charge transporting varnish G Similar to Example 13 except that charge transporting varnish G obtained in Example 10 was used instead of charge transporting varnish F The residual film ratio was calculated by the method.
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Abstract
Description
この電荷輸送性薄膜の形成方法は、蒸着法に代表されるドライプロセスと、スピンコート法に代表されるウェットプロセスに大別される。これらの方法は、形成する薄膜の面積や、薄膜化する物質の有機溶媒への溶解性に応じて、適宜使い分けられる。
一般的に、有機EL素子の陽極と発光層との間には、正孔注入層と言われる層と正孔輸送層と言われる層の2層がこの順序で陽極側から配置される。このような2層を設けることで効率的な電荷輸送を可能とし、高い輝度特性を有する有機EL素子を得ることができる(例えば非特許文献1参照)。
しかしその反面、有機EL素子の製造プロセスでは、通常、これら各層を形成するための独立した工程が必要となるという欠点もある。
特に、素子における複数の膜を多積層化した機能性多層膜を単一膜とすることで、製造プロセスを簡略化できるだけでなく、素子構造を直接的に単純化できる。そのため、様々な電子デバイスの分野において、既存の機能性多層膜に代替可能な機能性単一膜を製造できる材料が求められている。
そして、有機ELの分野においても、一般的な構造である正孔注入層と正孔輸送層とからなる機能性多層膜を、単一膜へと転換可能な材料への要求がますます高まっている。
1. フッ素原子を含有する電荷輸送性物質と、フッ素原子を含有しない電荷輸送性物質と、ヘテロポリ酸からなるドーパント物質と、有機溶媒とを含み、前記フッ素原子を含有する電荷輸送性物質が、トリアリールアミン化合物と、フッ素原子を含有するアリールアルデヒド化合物と、カルボニル基を有するフルオレン誘導体とを縮合させて得られる重量平均分子量1,000~200,000の重合体であり、前記フッ素原子を含有しない電荷輸送性物質が、オリゴアニリン化合物であることを特徴とする電荷輸送性ワニス、
2. 前記フッ素原子を含有する電荷輸送性物質が、式(1)で示されるトリアリールアミン化合物と、式(2)で示されるフッ素原子を含有するアリールアルデヒド化合物と、式(3)または式(4)で示されるカルボニル基を有するフルオレン誘導体とを縮合させて得られる重合体である1の電荷輸送性ワニス、
3. 前記トリアリールアミン化合物が、式(5)で示されるトリフェニルアミン誘導体である2の電荷輸送性ワニス、
4. 前記アリールアルデヒド化合物が、式(6)または式(7)で示されるベンズアルデヒド誘導体である2または3の電荷輸送性ワニス、
5. 前記オリゴアニリン化合物が、式(8)で表される1~4のいずれかの電荷輸送性ワニス、
6. 前記ヘテロポリ酸化合物が、リンタングステン酸である1~5のいずれかの電荷輸送性ワニス、
7. さらに、硬化剤を含む1~6のいずれかの電荷輸送性ワニス、
8. 前記硬化剤が、アクリレート系硬化剤である7の電荷輸送性ワニス、
9. 1~8のいずれかの電荷輸送性ワニスを用いて作製される電荷輸送性薄膜、
10. 9の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する電子デバイス、
11. 9の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
12. 陽極、陰極、発光層および9の電荷輸送性薄膜を少なくとも備えて構成され、前記陽極と発光層との間に、それら各層と接する態様で前記電荷輸送性薄膜を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
13. 1~8のいずれかの電荷輸送性ワニスを基材上に塗布し、溶媒を蒸発させることを特徴とする電荷輸送性薄膜の製造方法、
14. 9の電荷輸送性薄膜を用いる有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法、
15. 式(1)で示されるトリアリールアミン化合物と、式(2)で示されるフッ素原子を含有するアリールアルデヒド化合物と、式(3)または式(4)で示されるカルボニル基を有するフルオレン誘導体とを縮合させて得られ、重量平均分子量が1,000~200,000であることを特徴とする重合体
を提供する。
本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスを用いることで、素子中の機能性多層膜を単一膜化することができるため、製造プロセス条件の簡便化による高歩留化や低コスト化、あるいは素子の軽量化、コンパクト化等を図り得る。
また、本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスは、スピンコート法やスリットコート法など、大面積に成膜可能な各種ウェットプロセスを用いた場合でも、電荷輸送性に優れた薄膜を再現性よく製造できるため、近年の有機EL素子の分野における進展にも十分対応できる。
さらに、本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスから得られる薄膜は、帯電防止膜、有機薄膜太陽電池の陽極バッファ層等としても使用できる。
本発明に係る電荷輸送性ワニスは、フッ素原子を含有する電荷輸送性物質と、フッ素原子を含有しない電荷輸送性物質と、ヘテロポリ酸からなるドーパント物質と、有機溶媒とを含み、フッ素原子を含有する電荷輸送性物質が、トリアリールアミン化合物と、フッ素原子を含有するアリールアルデヒド化合物と、カルボニル基を有するフルオレン誘導体とを縮合させて得られる重量平均分子量1,000~200,000の重合体であり、フッ素原子を含有しない電荷輸送性物質が、オリゴアニリン化合物であることを特徴とする。
本発明において、電荷輸送性とは、導電性と同義であり、正孔輸送性と同義である。電荷輸送性物質とは、それ自体に電荷輸送性があるものでもよく、ドーパント物質と共に用いた際に電荷輸送性があるものでもよい。電荷輸送性ワニスとは、それ自体に電荷輸送性があるものでもよく、それにより得られる固形膜が電荷輸送性を有するものでもよい。
炭素数6~20のアリール基の具体例としては、フェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基、1-アントリル基、2-アントリル基、9-アントリル基、1-フェナントリル基、2-フェナントリル基、3-フェナントリル基、4-フェナントリル基、9-フェナントリル基等が挙げられるが、好ましくは、Z1で置換されていてもよいフェニル基である。
置換基Z1は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはZ2で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基を表し、Z2は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、またはシアノ基を表す。
炭素数1~20のアルキル基としては、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状のいずれでもよく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、s-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基、n-ヘプチル基、n-オクチル基、n-ノニル基、n-デシル基等の炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐鎖状アルキル基;シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、シクロオクチル基、シクロノニル基、シクロデシル基、ビシクロブチル基、ビシクロペンチル基、ビシクロヘキシル基、ビシクロヘプチル基、ビシクロオクチル基、ビシクロノニル基、ビシクロデシル基等の炭素数3~20の環状アルキル基などが挙げられる。
中でも、置換基Z1としては、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基が好ましく、ハロゲン原子、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~4のアルキル基がより好ましく、存在しないこと(すなわち、Ar1~Ar3が非置換のアリール基であること)が最適である。
また、置換基Z2としては、ハロゲン原子が好ましく、フッ素原子がより好ましく、存在しないこと(すなわち、非置換であること)が最適である。
R11~R22としては、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子、フッ素原子、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~4のアルキル基がより好ましく、全て水素原子が最適である。
置換基Z3は、フッ素原子、炭素数1~20のフッ化アルキル基、または炭素数6~20のフッ化アリール基を表し、Z4は、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはZ5で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基を表し、Z5は、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、ニトロ基、またはシアノ基を表す。
炭素数1~20のフッ化アルキル基および炭素数6~20のフッ化アリール基としては、例えば、上述した炭素数1~20のアルキル基および炭素数6~20のアリール基の炭素原子上の水素原子の少なくとも1つをフッ素原子に置換した基が挙げられる。
その他、アルキル基、アルケニル基およびアルキニル基としては、上記と同様のものが挙げられる。
中でも、Z3としては、フッ素原子、炭素数1~10のフッ化アルキル基が好ましく、フッ素原子、炭素数1~4のフッ化アルキル基がより好ましく、フッ素原子、炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基がより一層好ましい。
また、Z4としては、Z5で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基が好ましく、Z5で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基がより好ましく、Z5で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~4のアルキル基がより一層好ましく、存在しないこと(すなわち、非置換であること)がさらに好ましい。
そして、Z5としては、塩素原子、臭素原子が好ましく、存在しないこと(すなわち、非置換であること)がより好ましい。
フッ化アリール基の具体例としては、4-フルオロフェニル基、2,3-ジフルオロフェニル基、2,4-ジフルオロフェニル基、2,5-ジフルオロフェニル基、2,6-ジフルオロフェニル基、ペンタフルオロフェニル基、1-フルオロ-2-ナフチル基、1-フルオロ-3-ナフチル基、1-フルオロ-4-ナフチル基、1-フルオロ-5-ナフチル基、1-フルオロ-6-ナフチル基、1-フルオロ-7-ナフチル基、1-フルオロ-8-ナフチル基、2-フルオロ-1-ナフチル基、2-フルオロ-3-ナフチル基、2-フルオロ-4-ナフチル基、2-フルオロ-5-ナフチル基、2-フルオロ-6-ナフチル基、2-フルオロ-7-ナフチル基、2-フルオロ-8-ナフチル基、パーフルオロナフチル基等が挙げられる。
中でも、R23としては、フッ素原子、炭素数1~10のフッ化アルキル基が好ましく、フッ素原子、炭素数1~4のフッ化アルキル基がより好ましく、フッ素原子、炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基がより一層好ましく、フッ素原子、トリフルオロメチル基がさらに好ましい。
また、R24~R27としては、水素原子、非置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子、非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキル基がより好ましく、水素原子、非置換の炭素数1~4のアルキル基がより一層好ましく、水素原子、メチル基がさらに好ましく、全て水素原子が最適である。
中でも、R28~R32としては、フッ素原子、炭素数1~10のフッ化アルキル基が好ましく、フッ素原子、炭素数1~4のフッ化アルキル基がより好ましく、フッ素原子、炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基がより一層好ましく、フッ素原子、トリフルオロメチル基がさらに好ましく、全てフッ素原子が最適である。
中でも、R1~R8としては、水素原子、フッ素原子、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子、フッ素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基がより好ましく、全て水素原子が最適である。
中でも、R1~R7としては、水素原子、フッ素原子、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子、フッ素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基がより好ましく、全て水素原子が最適である。
また、R9およびR10としては、水素原子、Z2で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~10のアルキル基もしくは炭素数2~10の(ポリ)エチレンオキシド基が好ましく、水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基がより好ましく、共に水素原子が最適である。
また、置換基Z2としては、ハロゲン原子が好ましく、フッ素原子がより好ましく、存在しないこと(すなわち、非置換であること)が最適である。
この反応では、トリアリールアミン化合物のアリール基1当量に対して、アルデヒド化合物およびフルオレン誘導体を合計で0.01~10当量程度の割合で用いることができるが、0.05~5当量が好ましく、0.1~3当量がより好ましい。
この場合、アルデヒド化合物およびフルオレン誘導体の使用比率は、通常、アルデヒド化合物1当量に対して、フルオレン誘導体を0.1~20当量程度の割合で用いることができるが、1~15当量が好ましく、5~10当量がより好ましい。
酸触媒としては、例えば、硫酸、リン酸、過塩素酸などの鉱酸類;p-トルエンスルホン酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物などの有機スルホン酸類;ギ酸、シュウ酸などのカルボン酸類等を用いることができる。
酸触媒の使用量は、その種類によって種々選択されるが、通常、トリアリールアミン類1当量に対して、0.001~10当量、好ましくは0.01~5当量、より好ましくは0.1~1当量である。
また、使用する酸触媒が、例えばギ酸のような液状のものであるならば、酸触媒に溶媒としての役割を兼ねさせることもできる。
以上のようにして得られる重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは、通常500~200,000、好ましくは1,000~100,000である。
オリゴアニリン化合物としては、特に限定されるものではなく、従来公知のオリゴアニリン化合物から適宜選択して用いることができるが、本発明においては、式(8)で表されるオリゴアニリン化合物を用いることが好ましい。
その他、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基およびアリール基としては、上記と同様のものが挙げられる。
R33~R36としては、水素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ニトロ基、Z6で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、Z7で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基がより好ましく、全て水素原子が最適である。
R37およびR38としては、水素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ニトロ基、Z6で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、Z7で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基、Y3およびY4がZ7で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基である-NY3Y4基が好ましく、水素原子、炭素数12~24のジアリールアミノ基がより好ましく、同時に水素原子またはジフェニルアミノ基がより一層好ましい。
R39およびR40としては、水素原子、Z6で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、Z7で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基がより好ましく、共に水素原子が最適である。
特に、R33~R36が、水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、R37およびR38が、水素原子、炭素数12~24のジアリールアミノ基、X1が、-NY1-または単結合、かつ、Y1が、水素原子、メチル基の組み合わせが好ましく、R33~R36が、全て水素原子、R37およびR38が、同時に水素原子またはジフェニルアミノ基、X1が、-NY1-、単結合、Y1が、水素原子の組み合わせがより好ましい。
また、置換基Z7は、塩素原子、臭素原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、Z8で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基が好ましく、塩素原子、臭素原子、Z8で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~4のアルキル基がより好ましく、存在しないこと(すなわち、非置換であること)が最適である。
そして、Z8は、塩素原子、臭素原子が好ましく、存在しないこと(すなわち、非置換であること)が最適である。
なお、本発明で用いられるオリゴアニリン化合物の合成法としては、特に限定されるものではないが、ブレティン・オブ・ケミカル・ソサエティ・オブ・ジャパン(Bulletin of Chemical Society of Japan)(1994年、第67巻、p.1749-1752)、シンセティック・メタルズ(Synthetic Metals)(1997年、第84巻、p.119-120)、国際公開2008/032617号、国際公開2008/032616号、国際公開2008/129947号などに記載の方法が挙げられる。
ヘテロポリ酸とは、代表的に式(A)で示されるKeggin型あるいは式(B)で示されるDawson型の化学構造で示される、ヘテロ原子が分子の中心に位置する構造を有し、バナジウム(V)、モリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)等の酸素酸であるイソポリ酸と、異種元素の酸素酸とが縮合してなるポリ酸である。このような異種元素の酸素酸としては、主にケイ素(Si)、リン(P)、ヒ素(As)の酸素酸が挙げられる。
本発明においては、有機EL素子の輝度特性向上の点を考慮すると、リンモリブデン酸またはリンタングステン酸が好ましく、リンタングステン酸がより好ましい。
なお、本発明においては、ヘテロポリ酸は、元素分析等の定量分析において、一般式で示される構造から元素の数が多いもの、または少ないものであっても、それが市販品として入手し、あるいは、公知の合成方法に従い適切に合成したものである限り、本発明において用いることができる。
すなわち、例えば、一般的には、リンタングステン酸は化学式H3(PW12O40)・nH2Oで、リンモリブデン酸は化学式H3(PMo12O40)・nH2Oでそれぞれ示されるが、定量分析において、この式中のP(リン)、O(酸素)またはW(タングステン)もしくはMo(モリブデン)の数が多いもの、または少ないものであっても、それが市販品として入手したもの、あるいは、公知の合成方法に従い適切に合成したものである限り、本発明において用いることができる。この場合、本発明に規定されるヘテロポリ酸の質量とは、合成物や市販品中における純粋なリンタングステン酸の質量(リンタングステン酸含量)ではなく、市販品として入手可能な形態および公知の合成法にて単離可能な形態において、水和水やその他の不純物等を含んだ状態での全質量を意味する。
すなわち、そのような電荷輸送性ワニスは、オリゴアニリン化合物の質量(WH)に対するヘテロポリ酸の質量(WD)の比が、2≦WD/WH≦10、好ましくは2.5≦WD/WH≦9.0を満たす。
このような硬化剤としては、特に限定されるものではなく、(メタ)アクリレート化合物、エポキシ化合物、ブロックイソシアネート基を有する化合物等の従来公知の種々の硬化剤が挙げられるが、(メタ)アクリレート化合物やそれを含む組成物などのアクリレート系硬化剤が好ましく、特に多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物やそれを含む組成物などの多官能アクリレート系硬化剤がより好ましい。
アクリレート系硬化剤の具体例としては、ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールジ(メタ)アクリレートモノステアレート、ビスフェノールAエチレングリコール付加物(メタ)アクリレート、ビスフェノールFエチレングリコール付加物(メタ)アクリレート、トリシクロ[5.2.1.02,6]デカンメタノールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリスヒドロキシエチルイソシアヌレートジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンエチレングリコール付加物トリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンプロピレングリコール付加物トリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリス(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルフォスフェート、トリスヒドロキシエチルイソシアヌレートトリ(メタ)アクリレート、変性ε-カプロラクトントリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンエトキシトリ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリンプロピレングリコール付加物トリス(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールエチレングリコール付加物テトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールモノヒドロキシペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエステル(メタ)アクリレート、不飽和ポリエステル、9,9-ビス[4-(2-アクリロイルオキシエトキシ)フェニル]フルオレン、オグソールEA-0200,同EA-F5003,同EA-F5503,同EA-F5510(以上、大阪ガスケミカル(株)製)、NKエステルA-BPEF,同A-BPEF/PGMAC70(以上、新中村化学工業(株)製)等が挙げられる。
なお、電荷輸送性物質およびドーパント物質は、いずれも上記溶媒に完全に溶解しているか、均一に分散している状態となっていることが好ましい。
高粘度有機溶媒としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、シクロヘキサノール、エチレングリコール、1,3-オクチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール、1,3-ブタンジオール、2,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、プロピレングリコール、へキシレングリコール等が挙げられる。これらの溶媒は1種単独で、または2種以上混合して用いることができる。
本発明のワニスに用いられる溶媒全体に対する高粘度有機溶媒の添加割合は、固体が析出しない範囲内であることが好ましく、固体が析出しない限りにおいて、添加割合は、5~80質量%であることが好ましい。
このような溶媒としては、例えば、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジアセトンアルコール、γ-ブチロラクトン、エチルラクテート、n-ヘキシルアセテート等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの溶媒は1種単独で、または2種以上混合して用いることができる。
また、本発明における電荷輸送性ワニスの固形分濃度は、ワニスの粘度および表面張力等や、作製する薄膜の厚み等を勘案して適宜設定されるものではあるが、通常、0.1~10.0質量%程度であり、ワニスの塗布性を向上させることを考慮すると、好ましくは0.5~5.0質量%、より好ましくは1.0~3.0質量%である。
ワニスの塗布方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、ディップ法、スピンコート法、スリットコート法、転写印刷法、ロールコート法、刷毛塗り、インクジェット法、スプレー法等が挙げられるが、塗布方法に応じてワニスの粘度および表面張力を調節することが好ましい。
膜厚を変化させる方法としては、ワニス中の固形分濃度を変化させたり、塗布時の基板上の溶液量を変化させたりする等の方法がある。
使用する電極基板は、洗剤、アルコール、純水等による液体洗浄を予め行って浄化しておくことが好ましく、例えば、陽極基板では使用直前にUVオゾン処理、酸素-プラズマ処理等の表面処理を行うことが好ましい。ただし陽極材料が有機物を主成分とする場合、表面処理を行わなくともよい。
陽極基板上に本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスを塗布し、上記の方法により焼成を行い、電極上に機能性単一膜を作製する。これを真空蒸着装置内に導入し、発光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、陰極金属を順次蒸着してOLED素子とする。発光領域をコントロールするために任意の層間にキャリアブロック層を設けてもよい。
陽極材料としては、インジウム錫酸化物(ITO)、インジウム亜鉛酸化物(IZO)に代表される透明電極が挙げられ、平坦化処理を行ったものが好ましい。高電荷輸送性を有するポリチオフェン誘導体やポリアニリン誘導体を用いることもできる。
電子輸送材料としては、Alq3、BAlq、DPVBi、(2-(4-ビフェニル)-5-(4-t-ブチルフェニル)-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール)(PBD)、トリアゾール誘導体(TAZ)、バソクプロイン(BCP)、シロール誘導体等が挙げられる。
電子注入層を形成する材料としては、酸化リチウム(Li2O)、酸化マグネシウム(MgO)、アルミナ(Al2O3)、フッ化リチウム(LiF)、フッ化マグネシウム(MgF2)、フッ化ストロンチウム(SrF2)、Liq、Li(acac)、酢酸リチウム、安息香酸リチウム等が挙げられる。
陰極材料としては、アルミニウム、マグネシウム-銀合金、アルミニウム-リチウム合金、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、セシウム等が挙げられる。
上記OLED素子作製において、発光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層の真空蒸着操作を行う代わりに、発光性高分子層を形成することによって本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスから得られる薄膜からなる機能性単一膜(正孔注入輸送層)を有するPLED素子を作製することができる。
具体的には、陽極基板上に本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスを塗布して上記の方法により機能性単一膜を作製し、その上に発光性高分子層を形成し、さらに陰極電極を蒸着してPLED素子とする。
発光性高分子層の形成法としては、発光性高分子材料、またはそれにドーパント物質を加えた材料に溶媒を加えて溶解するか、均一に分散し、機能性単一膜の上に塗布した後、焼成することにより成膜する方法が挙げられる。
発光性高分子材料としては、ポリ(9,9-ジアルキルフルオレン)(PDAF)等のポリフルオレン誘導体、ポリ(2-メトキシ-5-(2’-エチルヘキソキシ)-1,4-フェニレンビニレン)(MEH-PPV)等のポリフェニレンビニレン誘導体、ポリ(3-アルキルチオフェン)(PAT)などのポリチオフェン誘導体、ポリビニルカルバゾール(PVCz)等が挙げられる。
塗布方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、インクジェット法、スプレー法、ディップ法、スピンコート法、転写印刷法、ロールコート法、刷毛塗り等が挙げられる。なお、塗布は、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガス下で行うことが好ましい。
焼成する方法としては、不活性ガス下または真空中、オーブンまたはホットプレートで加熱する方法が挙げられる。
(1)基板洗浄:長州産業(株)製 基板洗浄装置(減圧プラズマ方式)
(2)ワニスの塗布:ミカサ(株)製 スピンコーターMS-A100
(3)膜厚測定:(株)小坂研究所製 微細形状測定機サーフコーダET-4000
(4)高分子分子量測定:(株)島津製作所製(カラム:SHODEX GPC KF-803L+GPC KF-804L,カラム温度:40℃,検出器:UV検出器(254nm)およびRI検出器,溶離液:THF,カラム流速:1.0ml/min.)
(5)EL素子の作製:長州産業(株)製 多機能蒸着装置システムC-E2L1G1-N
(6)EL素子の輝度等の測定:(有)テック・ワールド製 I-V-L測定システム
Mw(GPC)=1,800
IR(cm-1):1587、1505、1323、1274、1178、1111、1074、993、965、750、694、632
Mw(GPC)=1,900
IR(cm-1):1587、1504、1488、1324、1272、1162、1122、1067、1016、819、750、692、620
その後、反応混合液を濾過し、その濾液に飽和食塩水を加えて分液処理をした後、有機層から溶媒を留去して得られた固体を1,4-ジオキサンを用いて再結晶し、目的のオリゴアニリン化合物1を得た(収量:22.37g、収率:65%)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ7.83(S,2H),7.68(S,1H),7.26-7.20(m,8H),7.01-6.89(m,28H).
[実施例1]電荷輸送性ワニスA
合成例1で得られたポリマー1(139mg)、合成例3で得られたオリゴアニリン化合物1(31mg)およびリンタングステン酸(関東化学(株)製)(155mg)の混合物に窒素循環型グローブボックス内で1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン(3g)を加えて、50℃で加熱撹拌して、溶解させた。これにシクロヘキサノール(3g)を加えて撹拌し、緑色溶液を得た。この溶液を孔径0.2μmのシリンジフィルターでろ過して、電荷輸送性ワニスAを得た。
ポリマー1、オリゴアニリン化合物1およびリンタングステン酸の使用量を、154mg、26mgおよび128mgとした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
ポリマー1 139mgの代わりに合成例2で得られたポリマー2 139mgを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で電荷輸送性ワニスを調製
した。
ポリマー1 154mgの代わりに合成例2で得られたポリマー2 154mgを用いた以外は、実施例2と同様の方法で電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
ポリマー1を用いず、オリゴアニリン化合物1およびリンタングステン酸の使用量を、64mgおよび319mgとした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
合成例2で得られたポリマー2(139mg)、合成例3で得られたオリゴアニリン化合物1(31mg)およびリンタングステン酸(関東化学(株)製)(155mg)の混合物に窒素循環型グローブボックス内でジプロピレングリコール(1.2g)を加えて、50℃で加熱撹拌して、溶解させた。これにジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート(4.8g)を加えて撹拌し、緑色溶液を得た。この溶液を孔径0.2μmのシリンジフィルターでろ過して、電荷輸送性ワニスFを得た。
さらに硬化剤オグソールEA-F5003(111mg)を加えて混合物を調製した以外は、実施例9と同様の方法で電荷輸送性ワニスGを調製した。
電気特性を評価する際の基板には、インジウム錫酸化物が表面上に膜厚150nmでパターニングされた25mm×25mm×0.7tのガラス基板(以下ITO基板と略す)を用いた。ITO基板は、O2プラズマ洗浄装置(150W、30秒間)を用いて、表面上の不純物を除去してから使用した。
実施例1で得られた電荷輸送性ワニスAを、スピンコーターを用いてITO基板に塗布した後、50℃で5分間乾燥し、さらに230℃で15分間焼成し、ITO基板上に30nmの均一な薄膜を形成した。
なお、空気中の酸素、水等の影響による特性劣化を防止するため、OLED素子は封止基板により封止した後、その特性を評価した。封止は、以下の手順で行った。
酸素濃度2ppm以下、露点-85℃以下の窒素雰囲気中で、有機EL素子を封止基板の間に収め、封止基板を接着材(ナガセケムテックス(株)製,XNR5516Z-B1)により貼り合わせた。この際、捕水剤(ダイニック(株)製,HD-071010W-40)をOLED素子と共に封止基板内に収めた。
貼り合わせた封止基板に対し、UV光を照射(波長:365nm、照射量:6000mJ/cm2)した後、80℃で1時間、アニーリング処理して接着材を硬化させた。
電荷輸送性ワニスAの代わりに実施例2で得られた電荷輸送性ワニスBを用いた以外は、実施例5と同様の方法でOLED素子を作製した。
電荷輸送性ワニスAの代わりに実施例3で得られた電荷輸送性ワニスCを用いた以外は、実施例5と同様の方法でOLED素子を作製した。
電荷輸送性ワニスAの代わりに実施例4で得られた電荷輸送性ワニスDを用いた以外は、実施例5と同様の方法でOLED素子を作製した。
電荷輸送性ワニスAの代わりに比較例1で得られた電荷輸送性ワニスEを用いた以外は、実施例5と同様の方法でOLED素子を作製した。
電荷輸送性ワニスAの代わりに実施例9で得られた電荷輸送性ワニスFを用いた以外は、実施例5と同様の方法でOLED素子を作製した。
電荷輸送性ワニスAの代わりに実施例10で得られた電荷輸送性ワニスGを用いた以外は、実施例5と同様の方法でOLED素子を作製した。
また、ポリマー1またはポリマー2を添加している実施例5~8,11,12では、1回目の測定と2回目の測定で特性にほとんど変化がないのに対し、比較例2では輝度が約半分に低下している。この事実は、比較例2のOLED素子は寿命が短く、実施例5~8,11,12のOLED素子では寿命が長いことを示している。
このように、ポリマー1およびポリマー2を電荷輸送性ワニスに添加することにより、OLED素子の電流効率を向上させることができ、さらに素子を長寿命化することができることがわかる。
[実施例13]電荷輸送性ワニスFから作製した薄膜のトルエン耐性評価
実施例9で得られた電荷輸送性ワニスFを、スピンコーターを用いてITO基板に塗布した後、100℃で1分間乾燥し、さらに230℃で15分間焼成し、ITO基板上に30nmの均一な薄膜を形成した。この基板にトルエン0.5mlを載せて、1分間放置後、スピンコートによりトルエンを除去し、120℃で1分間乾燥後、触針式膜厚計で膜厚を測定し、トルエンでのストリッピング前の膜厚と比較することにより、残膜率を算出した。
電荷輸送性ワニスFの代わりに実施例10で得られた電荷輸送性ワニスGを用いた以外は、実施例13と同様の方法で残膜率を算出した。
実施例11~14の結果から、硬化剤の添加によって、OLED特性を変化させずに膜のトルエン耐性を向上できることがわかる。このことは、トルエン等を用いた発光層を形成するような場合であっても、再現性よく高耐久性の有機EL素子を製造できることを示唆している。
Claims (15)
- フッ素原子を含有する電荷輸送性物質と、フッ素原子を含有しない電荷輸送性物質と、ヘテロポリ酸からなるドーパント物質と、有機溶媒とを含み、
前記フッ素原子を含有する電荷輸送性物質が、トリアリールアミン化合物と、フッ素原子を含有するアリールアルデヒド化合物と、カルボニル基を有するフルオレン誘導体とを縮合させて得られる重量平均分子量1,000~200,000の重合体であり、
前記フッ素原子を含有しない電荷輸送性物質が、オリゴアニリン化合物であることを特徴とする電荷輸送性ワニス。 - 前記フッ素原子を含有する電荷輸送性物質が、式(1)で示されるトリアリールアミン化合物と、式(2)で示されるフッ素原子を含有するアリールアルデヒド化合物と、式(3)または式(4)で示されるカルボニル基を有するフルオレン誘導体とを縮合させて得られる重合体である請求項1記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
Ar4は、少なくとも1つのZ3で置換されているとともに、Z4で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基を表し、
R1~R8は、互いに独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはZ2で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基を表し、
R9およびR10は、互いに独立して、水素原子、Z2で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20の(ポリ)エチレンオキシド基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、またはエテニル基もしくはエチニル基で置換されているとともに、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基を表し、
Z1は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはZ2で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基を表し、
Z2は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、またはシアノ基を表し、
Z3は、フッ素原子、炭素数1~20のフッ化アルキル基、または炭素数6~20のフッ化アリール基を表し、
Z4は、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはZ5で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基を表し、
Z5は、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、ニトロ基、またはシアノ基を表す。) - 前記オリゴアニリン化合物が、式(8)で表される請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
Y2~Y13は、互いに独立して、Z6で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、またはZ7で置換されていてもよい、炭素数6~20のアリール基もしくは炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基を表し、
X1は、-NY1-、-O-、-S-、-(CR39R40)l-または単結合を表し、R39およびR40は、前記R33と同じ意味を表し、
lは、1~20の整数であり、
Y1は、互いに独立して、水素原子、Z6で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、またはZ7で置換されていてもよい、炭素数6~20のアリール基もしくは炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基を表し、
Z6は、ハロゲン原子(ただし、フッ素原子を除く)、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはZ8で置換されていてもよい、炭素数6~20のアリール基もしくは炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基を表し、
Z7は、ハロゲン原子(ただし、フッ素原子を除く)、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはZ8で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基を表し、
Z8は、ハロゲン原子(ただし、フッ素原子を除く)、ニトロ基、またはシアノ基を表し、
mおよびnは、互いに独立して、1~10の整数であり、m+n≦10を満たす。) - 前記ヘテロポリ酸化合物が、リンタングステン酸である請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- さらに、硬化剤を含む請求項1~6のいずれか1項記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 前記硬化剤が、アクリレート系硬化剤である請求項7記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項記載の電荷輸送性ワニスを用いて作製される電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 請求項9記載の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する電子デバイス。
- 請求項9記載の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 陽極、陰極、発光層および請求項9記載の電荷輸送性薄膜を少なくとも備えて構成され、
前記陽極と発光層との間に、それら各層と接する態様で前記電荷輸送性薄膜を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか1項記載の電荷輸送性ワニスを基材上に塗布し、溶媒を蒸発させることを特徴とする電荷輸送性薄膜の製造方法。
- 請求項9記載の電荷輸送性薄膜を用いる有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法。
- 式(1)で示されるトリアリールアミン化合物と、式(2)で示されるフッ素原子を含有するアリールアルデヒド化合物と、式(3)または式(4)で示されるカルボニル基を有するフルオレン誘導体とを縮合させて得られ、重量平均分子量が1,000~200,000であることを特徴とする重合体。
Ar4は、少なくとも1つのZ3で置換されているとともに、Z4で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基を表し、
R1~R8は、互いに独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはZ2で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基を表し、
R9およびR10は、互いに独立して、水素原子、Z2で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20の(ポリ)エチレンオキシド基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、またはエテニル基もしくはエチニル基で置換されているとともに、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基を表し、
Z1は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはZ2で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基を表し、
Z2は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、またはシアノ基を表し、
Z3は、フッ素原子、炭素数1~20のフッ化アルキル基、または炭素数6~20のフッ化アリール基を表し、
Z4は、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはZ5で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基もしくは炭素数2~20のアルキニル基を表し、
Z5は、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、ニトロ基、またはシアノ基を表す。)
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