WO2014125550A1 - SiCエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法 - Google Patents
SiCエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a SiC epitaxial wafer used for a SiC (Silicon Carbide) power device or the like.
- SiC which is silicon carbide, has a relatively large band gap, breakdown electric field strength, saturation drift velocity, and thermal conductivity, all compared to Si (Silicon). Therefore, SiC power devices can be greatly reduced in power loss, downsized, etc., and can realize energy savings during power supply power conversion, so that high performance of electric vehicles, high performance of solar cell systems, etc. It is attracting attention for the realization of a low-carbon society.
- SiC silicon carbide
- the SiC power device requires a high breakdown voltage specification such as several hundred V to several tens kV, it is necessary to form the SiC epitaxial layer as thick as several ⁇ m to several hundred ⁇ m. Moreover, since the defect which generate
- step flow epitaxy is generally performed in which thermal CVD growth is performed on a SiC bulk substrate having an off angle larger than 0 °.
- Surface defects such as polishing flaws and minute irregularities existing on the surface of the SiC bulk substrate are easily carried over to the SiC epitaxial layer.
- it is effective to lower the growth temperature at the initial stage of SiC epitaxial growth and to reduce the growth rate.
- the SiC epitaxial layer that requires a thick film is grown at a high temperature in order to increase the growth rate in order to improve the throughput of manufacturing the SiC epitaxial wafer.
- a method has been proposed in which a SiC epitaxial wafer is manufactured by performing first epitaxial growth at a temperature lower than 1500 ° C. and then performing second epitaxial growth at a temperature of 1500 ° C. or higher (see, for example, Patent Document 1). .
- the growth temperature is lowered for the purpose of suppressing the inheritance of surface defects from the SiC bulk substrate, and the second epitaxial layer is formed on the SiC epitaxial layer formed by the first epitaxial growth at a high speed.
- the growth temperature is increased for the purpose of epitaxial growth.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that when an epitaxial growth is performed by a conventional silicon carbide epitaxial manufacturing method on a SiC bulk substrate having an off-angle specification of 8 °, an epitaxial wafer having a good surface shape can be obtained.
- the mainstream of the off-angle specification of the SiC bulk substrate is 4 °, but the growth mechanism differs depending on whether the off-angle specification is 8 ° or 4 °. Therefore, using a SiC bulk substrate with an off-angle specification of 4 °, Si supply, which is a source gas, is raised from the first temperature at which the first epitaxial growth is performed to the second temperature at which the second epitaxial growth is performed.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an SiC epitaxial wafer capable of suppressing the occurrence of surface defects such as step bunching during the temperature rise from the first temperature to the second temperature. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of.
- the SiC epitaxial wafer manufacturing method supplies a Si supply gas and a C supply gas onto a SiC bulk substrate having 4H—SiC (0001) as a main surface with an off angle of less than 5 °, A first step of performing the first epitaxial growth at a first temperature of not less than 15 ° C. and not more than 1530 ° C., and supply of the Si supply gas and the C supply gas is stopped, and the SiC bulk substrate is moved from the first temperature to the first temperature. A second step of raising the temperature to a second temperature higher than the temperature of the second step, supplying an Si supply gas and a C supply gas onto the SiC bulk substrate heated in the second step, and And a third step of performing epitaxial growth.
- the first epitaxial growth is performed at a first temperature that is not less than 1480 ° C. and not more than 1530 ° C. Since the SiC epitaxial growth layer can be formed without taking over defects, and the supply of the Si supply gas and the C supply gas is stopped during the temperature raising process from the first temperature to the second temperature, the first It is possible to suppress the occurrence of surface defects such as step bunching in the SiC epitaxial growth layer formed by this epitaxial growth.
- a SiC epitaxial wafer having a good surface shape can be formed at a high throughput by performing the second epitaxial growth at a second temperature higher than the first temperature on the surface of the SiC epitaxial growth layer having a good surface shape after the temperature rise. The effect is obtained.
- FIG. 1 It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing process of SiC epitaxial growth in Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- a microscopic structure of 4H—SiC in the case where the off angle viewed from the ⁇ 1-100> direction is 4 ° is schematically shown. It is sectional drawing.
- a microscopic structure of 4H—SiC when the off angle viewed from the ⁇ 1-100> direction is 8 ° is schematically shown. It is sectional drawing.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of step bunching viewed from the ⁇ 1-100> direction in order to describe the manufacturing method of SiC epitaxial growth in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an AFM image of a 200 ⁇ m square region obtained by AFM observation of the surface of an SiC epitaxial wafer grown at a first temperature of 1455 ° C. as a comparative example of the example using the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a step of epitaxial growth of silicon carbide in the first embodiment.
- the main surface of the SiC bulk substrate is a 4H—SiC (0001) surface with an off-angle specification of 4 °, and SiC epitaxial growth is performed thereon.
- the off-angle specification of the SiC bulk substrate has an error of less than 1 ° due to the accuracy of cutting out from the bulk. That is, when the off-angle specification of the SiC substrate is 4 °, the off-angle is actually in the range of more than 3 ° and less than 5 °.
- a SiC bulk substrate is set in a reaction furnace of a CVD apparatus, and the temperature is raised to a first temperature at which first epitaxial growth is performed in a gas atmosphere using H 2 gas as a reducing gas.
- the reducing gas is allowed to flow into the reactor from step S1 to step S5.
- a gas containing chlorine such as HCl may be added to the reducing gas.
- the first temperature is 1480 ° C. or higher and 1530 ° C. or lower as will be described in detail later. More preferably, the temperature is 1480 ° C. or more and 1515 ° C. or less.
- step S2 of FIG. 1 SiH 4 and C 3 H 8 source gases are introduced into the reaction furnace, and a first epitaxial growth is performed at a first temperature.
- the growth temperature of 1480 ° C. or more and 1530 ° C. or less is relatively low, and the growth rate is relatively slow. That is, in this step S2, by performing slow growth at a first temperature of 1480 ° C. or higher and 1530 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1480 ° C. or higher and 1515 ° C. or lower, polishing scratches and minute irregularities existing on the surface of the SiC bulk substrate.
- the first epitaxial growth can be performed without passing the surface defects of the SiC bulk substrate to the epitaxial growth layer.
- step S2 of FIG. 1 it is necessary to use Si supply gas and C supply gas as source gases, but Si supply gas such as SiH 3 Cl may be used other than SiH 4, and other than C 3 H 8. it may be used C feed gas such as C 2 H 4.
- a doping gas such as nitrogen, Al, B, or Be may be supplied.
- An N-type or P-type epitaxial growth layer can be formed by supplying these doping gases as required. These doping gases may be introduced at the start or after the start of step S2, or may be introduced before the start of step S2, that is, from step S1.
- step S2 after the first epitaxial growth is completed, in step S3 in FIG. 1, the temperature is raised from the first temperature to the second temperature at which the second epitaxial growth is performed. During the temperature increase in step S3, the supply of SiH 4 and C 3 H 8 that are the source gases that were flowing in step S2 is stopped.
- step S3 Since the temperature is increased in step S3, the flow rate of the source gas optimized at the first temperature in step S2 is not optimal during the temperature increase in step S3. For this reason, if the source gas flows during the temperature rise, step bunching described later tends to occur on the surface of the SiC epitaxial layer.
- the off angle specification used in the present embodiment is an off angle such as 4 °, which is less than 5 °, if a C supply gas such as C 3 H 8 with a non-optimal flow rate is flowing, step bunching or the like The occurrence of surface defects is remarkable.
- the surface of the epitaxial growth layer with few defects obtained by the first epitaxial growth is stopped by stopping the supply of C 3 H 8 while the temperature is raised from the first temperature to the second temperature.
- the second epitaxial growth can be performed in the next step S4 while maintaining.
- the surface defects generated when the Si supply gas and the C supply gas are kept flowing during the temperature rise without using this embodiment include step bunching and silicon droplets, which will be described later.
- step S3 When the temperature rise to the second temperature is completed in step S3, the second epitaxial growth is performed at the second temperature in step S4 of FIG. That is, in step S4, a source gas having a flow rate suitable for the second temperature is introduced.
- step S4 a source gas having a flow rate suitable for the second temperature is introduced.
- the surface defect of the SiC bulk substrate is not inherited by the first epitaxial growth, an epitaxial layer having a good surface shape is formed, and the temperature of the source gas is increased during the temperature rising period to the second temperature. Since the gas atmosphere is such that the step bunching hardly occurs because the supply is stopped, the second epitaxial growth can be performed on a good surface after the completion of the first epitaxial growth, and the surface shape can be increased even if the growth rate is increased. Epitaxial growth can be performed while maintaining good.
- step S4 a doping gas such as nitrogen, Al, B, or Be may be supplied.
- An N-type or P-type epitaxial growth layer can be formed by supplying these doping gases as required. These doping gases may be introduced simultaneously with or after the start of step S3, or may be introduced before the start of step S4, that is, from step S3. Further, the doping gas supplied in step S2 may continue to flow in step S3 and step S4.
- an SiC epitaxial wafer having a desired doping density can be formed by supplying a doping gas at a flow rate necessary for each doping density in the first epitaxial growth and the second epitaxial growth.
- the supply of the source gas is stopped in step S5 of FIG. 1, and then the temperature is lowered to the temperature for taking out the formed SiC epitaxial wafer.
- SiC epitaxial growth can be performed without inheriting surface defects of the SiC bulk substrate, improving the throughput, and further suppressing the occurrence of step bunching during temperature rise.
- the number of devices having desired characteristics manufactured from one SiC epitaxial wafer is equal to the electrical characteristics of the SiC epitaxial growth layer. Defined by gender. That is, in the epitaxial wafer surface, there are surface defects and crystal defects in the growth layer, so the breakdown electric field is small compared to other regions, or a relatively large current is applied when a constant electric field is applied. If a local region that flows is present, the characteristics of the device including the region are, for example, inferior withstand voltage characteristics, and so-called leakage current flows due to a relatively small applied voltage.
- the factor that primarily defines the device yield is the crystallographic uniformity of the SiC epitaxial wafer.
- the existence of so-called device killer defects found in an epitaxial growth layer is known.
- the feature common to these is that the periodicity of atomic arrangement in the crystal is locally incomplete along the crystal growth direction.
- Device killer defects called carrot defects, comet defects and the like are known from the characteristics of the surface shape observed as a result of SiC epitaxial growth.
- One cause of these defects is polishing scratches on the surface of the SiC bulk substrate.
- the first epitaxial growth performed at a first temperature of 1480 ° C. or higher and 1530 ° C. or lower is used in this embodiment.
- SiC crystals have a unique periodicity called polytype. That is, the stoichiometric composition of SiC is one-to-one between Si and C, and the crystal lattice has a hexagonal close-packed structure, and the atomic arrangement along the c-axis in this structure has a different period. Sex exists.
- the physical properties of SiC are predetermined by the atomic scale and the symmetry of the crystal lattice. At present, the most attention from the viewpoint of device application is called 4H—SiC, and this embodiment also uses 4H—SiC.
- this power device using 4H—SiC mainly from the viewpoint of reducing raw material costs, it is tilted from the (0001) plane in the ⁇ 11-20> direction at an angle smaller than 5 °, and Si atoms are C atoms.
- step bunching electrical carriers induced by an electric field in the vicinity of the surface of the epitaxially grown layer move directly in the plane parallel to the surface in a direction not parallel to step bunching. It becomes a barrier.
- the carrier mobility that is, the electric conductivity is lowered, and the device characteristics are deteriorated. Furthermore, when step bunching is present, the in-plane uniformity of electrical conductivity is reduced.
- a device such as a MOS type that induces carriers in the vicinity of the surface of the epitaxial growth layer
- step bunching forming a MOS interface on the step bunching degrades the device characteristics, and the design stage of the specific structure of the device and The degree of freedom in the manufacturing stage is limited.
- this is called a pit caused by threading edge dislocations, threading screw dislocations, and complex dislocations of the substrate, and a concave region with a depth of approximately submicron scale, especially a growth film thickness of 12 ⁇ m. As described above, it may be formed when the film thickness is large. Such pits on the surface of the epitaxial growth layer are also considered to affect device characteristics.
- Device killer defects, step bunching, pits caused by dislocations, and the like as mentioned above are listed as surface defects that cause deterioration of the characteristics of SiC power devices.
- device killer defects and pits are surfaces that are inherited from a SiC bulk substrate.
- Defects, step bunching are surface defects formed during SiC epitaxial growth.
- the surface defects caused by being inherited from the SiC bulk substrate are generated in step S2 in which the first epitaxial growth is performed, and step bunching is performed in the temperature rising process in step S3. Both can be suppressed by stopping the supply.
- the off angle is defined as an inclination angle from the (0001) plane of the silicon carbide crystal in the off direction.
- ⁇ 11-20> direction is used as the off direction in the present embodiment, it goes without saying that the ⁇ 1-120> direction or the ⁇ 1-100> direction may be used.
- Step flow epitaxy can provide atomic arrangement information of crystals in a substrate to atoms involved in growth.
- epitaxial growth is performed on the (0001) plane only by two-dimensional nucleus growth, so that an epitaxial growth layer in which different polytypes are mixed is formed.
- the polytype is defined by the periodicity in the ⁇ 0001> direction, so that it is difficult to carry out the growth taking over the information in the ⁇ 0001> direction in the two-dimensional nuclear growth. For this reason, a SiC epitaxial wafer having regions of different polytypes in the epitaxial growth layer and the SiC bulk substrate is manufactured, and it becomes virtually impossible to manufacture a device having good characteristics. Therefore, the existence of an off angle is extremely important for epitaxial growth of the same polytype as the SiC bulk substrate.
- the so-called terrace width on the substrate surface that is, the local (0001) plane width is defined in principle by the size of the off angle. Assuming that the so-called step heights at the crystal surface are the same, the terrace width is given by the ratio of the tangent with respect to the off angle to the step height.
- the SiC bulk substrate with an off-angle specification of 4 ° has been widely used in recent years, replacing the conventional SiC bulk substrate with an off-angle specification of 8 °.
- a technique for increasing the diameter of a substrate has been rapidly extended, and a bulk substrate having a diameter of 4 inches or more is currently mainstream.
- the fact that the effective yield for the same off angle decreases as the diameter of the SiC bulk substrate increases is also a factor that accelerates the flow of lowering the off angle.
- FIG. 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views schematically showing a microscopic structure of 4H—SiC as viewed from the ⁇ 1-100> direction.
- FIG. 2 shows an off angle of 4 °
- FIG. 3 shows an off state. This is the case when the angle is 8 °.
- 4H—SiC one period in the ⁇ 0001> direction of the crystal lattice is 1 nm. Therefore, in an ideal state, it is considered that a 1 nm step 1 is formed on the surface.
- the terrace width of the flat portion called the terrace 2 is formed according to the off-angle of the substrate and is geometrically defined.
- the terrace width L (nm) is calculated by (1 / tan ⁇ ), which is 14 nm at the 4 ° off angle and 7 nm at the 8 ° off angle.
- the terrace width is 14 nm, which is twice that of the case where the off angle is 8 °. It is known that this difference in off-angle greatly affects the flatness, which is the surface shape of the epitaxial growth layer.
- step bunching that was not found in the epitaxial growth layer formed on the SiC bulk substrate with the 8 ° off-angle specification was formed on the SiC bulk substrate with the 4 ° off-angle specification. Often found in epitaxially grown layers.
- step bunching mainly depends strongly on the surface motion of attached atoms, and the growth temperature range in which step bunching does not occur on an SiC bulk substrate having a 4 ° off-angle specification with a large terrace width is 8 ° Narrower than on SiC bulk substrate with off-angle specification.
- crystallinity means various physical characteristics defined according to the structural integrity related to the arrangement of atoms, and the growth conditions for obtaining an epitaxially grown layer with good crystallinity including surface flatness are as follows. Strongly dependent on off angle.
- source atoms supplied from source gas adhere to a terrace having a relatively large area with respect to the side surface of the step, and perform a movement called migration while adhering to the terrace surface. After this migration, the idea that atoms are taken into a step with a certain probability and crystal growth proceeds is step flow epitaxy.
- the actual crystal growth process is thought to depend on various phenomena and conditions such as decomposition of raw material molecules and re-evaporation from the crystal surface in addition to step flow epitaxy, and extremely complicated physicochemical processes proceed simultaneously.
- Step bunching has been described as a phenomenon in which the surface shape of the SiC epitaxial growth layer deteriorates.
- step bunching causes the terrace width to become non-uniform as the growth proceeds, and at the same time, the steps are concentrated, and the step difference in the ⁇ 0001> direction is 1 nm. That's it.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view seen from the ⁇ 1-100> direction for showing an example of step bunching.
- One of the step bunchings formed by gathering the steps is called a bunching step 3.
- the step of the bunching step 3 When the step of the bunching step 3 is increased, it becomes an effective potential barrier for carriers flowing in a direction perpendicular to the step, and thus mobility is lowered and device resistance is increased. For this reason, step bunching must be suppressed.
- Step bunching is a result of physicochemical processes in which epitaxial growth is complicated as described above.
- Step flow epitaxy is realized by the source atoms migrating on the terrace and taken into the step.
- the source atoms attached to the terrace surface are taken into the step by migration on the terrace, it can be said that the closer the source atom is to the step (step), the easier it is to take in.
- the terrace width is wide, the probability that the source atoms migrate through a position close to the step in the terrace when the source atoms migrate on the terrace is reduced. For this reason, it can be said that the raw material atoms are less likely to be taken into the step on the SiC bulk substrate having a wide terrace width of 4 ° off-angle specifications than in the case of 8 ° off-angle specifications.
- the epitaxial layer is grown while maintaining an optimal balance between the attachment of the source atoms on the terrace by the source gas supply and the desorption (etching) of the source atoms on the terrace by the reducing gas. If the etching is insufficient, excessive source atoms are attached too much, or if the etching is excessive, the source atoms to be taken in as an epitaxial layer are etched.
- the terrace width is larger than that in the case of 8 °, so the time for the source atoms to migrate on the terrace becomes longer, and the etching tends to be excessive.
- An epitaxial growth layer having a uniform terrace width cannot be formed, and step bunching is likely to occur.
- step S3 which is a temperature raising process between the first temperature and the second temperature.
- Generation of step bunching by growing under non-optimal conditions at each temperature during temperature rise between the first temperature and the second temperature by raising the temperature in a state where introduction of the source gas is stopped Can be suppressed.
- the off-angle specification is 8 °
- the off-angle specification is 4 °
- when only the Si supply gas is stopped and the supply of C 3 H 8 is continued for example, when step S3 is performed to raise the temperature from the first temperature to the second temperature, step bunching is performed. The problem arises that this easily occurs in a short time. Further, if only the C supply gas is stopped and only the Si supply gas is continuously supplied during the temperature rise, surface defects such as silicon droplets described later occur.
- step S3 in order to raise the temperature while maintaining a surface with good flatness, at the time of this temperature rise, it is necessary to stop the source gas and continue to supply only the H 2 gas that is a reducing gas. .
- the temperature is raised from the first temperature to the second temperature while supplying only the H 2 gas in step S4, and after reaching the second temperature, SiH It is extremely important to start supplying 4 and C 3 H 8 simultaneously in order to obtain an epitaxial growth layer having a good surface shape in which surface defects such as step bunching are not formed.
- HCl gas other than the source gas and doping gas may be supplied in addition to the reducing gas H 2 as described above.
- the growth conditions differ depending on the off-angle of the SiC bulk substrate.
- the formation of device killer defects due to pits caused by dislocations or polishing scratches on the SiC bulk substrate It is also important to suppress this.
- SiC epitaxial growth is a process that is continuously performed on the surface through adsorption of source gas, migration, etc., so the conditions that the surface defects of the SiC bulk substrate are not inherited are also when the off-angle specification is 8 ° and 4 °. Different.
- the first epitaxial growth at a first temperature that is not less than 1480 ° C. and not more than 1530 ° C.
- the first temperature is more preferably 1480 ° C. or more and 1515 ° C. or less.
- Crystal defects other than surface defects of the SiC epitaxial layer will be described. Crystal defects are roughly classified into point defects, line defects, and surface defects. These defects will be described below including the relationship with surface defects.
- 4H-SiC has a larger band gap than, for example, AlGaInAsP (Alminum Gallium Arsenide Phosphide) systems on GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) and InP (Indium Phosphide) substrates. Therefore, the level formed by a point defect composed of vacancies, interstitial atoms, interstitial substitution atoms, and impurities has higher energy from the band edge than a conventional semiconductor. That is, traps due to point defects are formed at deep levels.
- AlGaInAsP Alminum Gallium Arsenide Phosphide
- GaAs GaAs
- InP Indium Phosphide
- SiC is known to have a low probability of formation of these point defects because its growth temperature is several hundred degrees C. higher than that of the conventional semiconductor.
- threading edge dislocations and threading screw dislocations having small Burgers vectors existing in the SiC bulk substrate are inherited as they are even in epitaxial growth, and it is difficult to reduce the density at this stage.
- these line defects may form small regions called concave or convex pits whose height difference usually exceeds 10 nm on the surface of the epitaxial layer.
- the height difference is, for example, a submicron scale, it can be an effective device killer defect.
- the plane defects are in the form of stacking faults locally distributed in the SiC epitaxial wafer surface.
- Typical device killer defects after epitaxial growth for example, surface defects such as carrot defects, comet defects, triangular defects, and basal plane dislocations all include stacking faults.
- a surface defect containing a stacking fault can be a device killer defect.
- the effective band gap is different between stacking faults and other regions.
- the area is also large in principle. From this, the so-called photoluminescence topography method (PL-TOPO method), in which a millimeter-scale region is uniformly excited at a specific excitation wavelength and the emission region is observed through an optical filter, almost eliminates stacking faults. Effective because it can be evaluated non-destructively.
- PL-TOPO method photoluminescence topography method
- defects in 4H—SiC are broadly divided into surface defects and crystal defects.
- surface defects there are step bunching appearing on the surface during epitaxial growth, device killer defects such as carrot defects, and surface pits due to line defects among crystal defects.
- the crystal defect include a plane defect containing a stacking fault that generates a device killer defect, a point defect that becomes a deep level trap, and a line defect that generates a pit on the surface.
- the defect density is defined by an abnormal emission region observed in the PL-TOPO method.
- AFM Anamic Force Microscopy
- step S1 a 4-inch SiC bulk substrate, which is 4H—SiC, is subjected to planarization by mechanical mechanical polishing and chemical mechanical polishing using a chemical solution exhibiting acidity or alkalinity.
- a 4-inch SiC bulk substrate which is 4H—SiC
- a chemical solution exhibiting acidity or alkalinity As the main surface of the SiC bulk substrate, an Si surface having an off direction of ⁇ 11-20> direction and an off angle specification of 4 ° was used.
- the SiC bulk substrate was immersed in a mixed solution (1: 9) of ammonia water and hydrogen peroxide water heated to 75 ° C. ( ⁇ 5 ° C.) for 10 minutes, and then heated to 75 ° C. ( ⁇ 5 ° C.). And soak in hydrogen peroxide (1: 9). Furthermore, after immersing in an aqueous solution containing about 5% hydrofluoric acid by volume ratio, the SiC bulk substrate is subjected to surface cleaning by subjecting pure water to a substitution treatment.
- this SiC substrate is set in a reaction furnace of a CVD apparatus which is an epitaxial growth apparatus, and evacuation is performed to about 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 kPa.
- the temperature is raised to the first temperature in a reducing gas atmosphere.
- five conditions of 1455 ° C., 1480 ° C., 1505 ° C., 1530 ° C., and 1555 ° C. were used.
- the 1st temperature of the present Example using this embodiment is 1480 ° C, 1505 ° C, and 1530 ° C
- the 1st temperature of a comparative example is 1455 ° C and 1555 ° C.
- H 2 gas was used as the reducing gas
- a chlorine-based gas such as HCl may be added as described above.
- a source gas is introduced in step S2 of FIG. 1 to start the first epitaxial growth.
- the flow rate of the raw material gas is determined by the structure or pressure of the reactor, and varies greatly depending on the growth rate.
- SiH 4 is set to 120 sccm as a Si supply gas
- C 3 H 8 is set to 50 sccm as a C supply gas
- SiH 4 and C 3 H 8 are simultaneously supplied into the reaction furnace, whereby the first epitaxial growth is performed. went.
- N-type doping was performed by introducing N 2 gas as a doping gas.
- an organometallic material containing Al, B, or Be may be supplied for P-type doping as necessary.
- a gas containing chlorine may be added to the reducing gas and used in combination.
- the growth film thickness was 300 nm.
- the growth rate in the first epitaxial growth hardly depended on the first temperature under the above five conditions, and was about 1.5 ⁇ m / h.
- the supply of the source gases SiH 4 and C 3 H 8 is stopped, and then the process proceeds to step S3 in FIG. 1, and the SiC bulk substrate temperature is set to the first temperature.
- the temperature was raised from this temperature to the second temperature.
- the second temperature was set to 1655 ° C.
- step S4 the process proceeds to step S4 in FIG. 1, and in order to perform the second epitaxial growth, a flow rate of 890 sccm of SiH 4 gas and a flow rate of 390 sccm of C 3 H 8 gas was introduced at the same time.
- the flow rates of the source gases SiH 4 and C 3 H 8 are optimum flow rates at which a growth rate of 9 ⁇ m / h can be obtained at the second temperature of 1655 ° C. with the CVD apparatus used in this example. It is said.
- the second growth temperature was set high so that the growth rate was 9 ⁇ m / h in consideration of productivity.
- step S4 After performing high-speed growth by high-temperature growth in step S4, the temperature was lowered to the SiC epitaxial wafer removal temperature in step S5 of FIG.
- the comparative example was performed from step S1 to step S5 in the same manner as the present example except for the first temperature.
- FIG. 5 shows the first temperature dependence of the defect density obtained by observing the SiC epitaxial wafers obtained in this example and the comparative example by the PL-TOPO method.
- the SiC epitaxial wafer having a first temperature of 1455 ° C. was inferior at a level at which the surface shape could be observed as uneven with an optical microscope, and it was found that normal epitaxial growth was not performed.
- the sample was evaluated by AFM.
- FIG. 6 is an AFM image of a 200 ⁇ m square region obtained as a result of AFM observation of the surface of the SiC epitaxial growth layer that was epitaxially grown at a first temperature of 1455 ° C.
- the concave region is the actual state of abnormal growth, and this shows a concave shape rather than a convex shape, which strongly suggests that non-growth abnormal growth nuclei were attached in the early stage of growth.
- the reason why such abnormal growth nuclei are generated at a high density is that the decomposition of SiH 4 gas is insufficient in the vicinity of the surface of the SiC bulk substrate. It is thought that a droplet is formed and this adheres.
- the first layer has a growth temperature of 1480 ° C.
- the defect density is the lowest of about 1 piece / cm 2
- the first layer has a growth temperature higher than 1480 ° C. It can be seen that the defect density tends to increase as the temperature increases.
- FIG. 5 shows that when the first temperature is 1515 ° C., the defect density is about 9 / cm 2 , and when the first temperature is 1530 ° C., the defect density is 28 / cm 2 .
- a first epitaxial growth is performed on a conventional SiC bulk substrate having an off-angle specification of 8 ° at a first temperature of less than 1500 ° C. at a growth rate of 1 ⁇ m / h or less, and then 3 ⁇ m / second at a second temperature of 1500 ° C. or more.
- the surface defect density as viewed with an optical microscope is 30 / cm 2 or less.
- the SiC epitaxial wafer of the present embodiment is evaluated by the PL-TOPO method, defects in the crystal that cannot be seen with an optical microscope are detected.
- the optical microscope only defects generated on the surface are detected.
- the surface defects are triangular defects, downfalls (falling objects), carrot defects, etc.
- the density of those surface defects that cause fatal damage to the surface was 3 / cm 2 or less. That is, when the first temperature is set to 1480 ° C. or higher and 1530 ° C.
- the surface defect density by optical microscope evaluation is 30 pieces / cm 2 or less, which is sufficiently smaller than the SiC epitaxial wafer by the conventional manufacturing method. A SiC epitaxial wafer having a surface defect density is obtained. Further, when the first temperature is 1480 ° C. or more and 1515 ° C. or less, the surface defect density can be reduced to 10 pieces / cm 2 or less.
- the defect density detected by the PL-TOPO method is 28 pieces / cm 2 or less using this embodiment, A high quality SiC epitaxial wafer with a low defect density was obtained.
- the surface defects and crystal defects affecting the device characteristics could be combined to be less than 28 / cm 2 .
- the defect density of the SiC bulk substrate is 300 / cm 2 or more, and in this embodiment, the defects of the SiC bulk substrate can be sufficiently reduced. Therefore, it can be said that the yield of the SiC power device is sufficiently improved.
- the off-angle is less than 5 °
- the first temperature is 1480 ° C. or higher and 1530 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1480 ° C. or higher and 1515 ° C. or lower, the inheritance of surface defects of the SiC bulk substrate is suppressed. It has been found that a high-quality SiC epitaxial wafer with a low defect density can be obtained. If the temperature is lower than 1480 ° C., for example, 1455 ° C., the growth gas is not sufficiently decomposed, and thus silicon droplets are formed, so that it is considered that epitaxial growth is not normally performed.
- the off angle is less than 5 °, it becomes easy to inherit the surface defects of the SiC bulk substrate at a temperature higher than 1530 ° C., and it is considered that ideal epitaxial growth does not occur from the viewpoint of crystal integrity for the purpose of device application. It is done.
- step bunching is not formed on the surface of the SiC epitaxial wafer grown by using the present embodiment at the first temperature of 1480 ° C. or higher and 1530 ° C. or lower, and the surface flatness is excellent.
- the first temperature is set to 1505 ° C.
- the second temperature is changed to three conditions of 1630 ° C., 1655 ° C., and 1680 ° C. to produce a similar SiC epitaxial wafer, and the second temperature on the surface of the SiC epitaxial wafer is changed. Dependency was examined.
- the defect density was 5 pieces / cm 2 or less.
- FIG. 7 is an AFM image of a 10 ⁇ m square region obtained by AFM observation of the surface of the SiC epitaxial wafer grown at the second temperature of 1680 ° C. It was found that the surface shape of the epitaxial layer was not noticeably uneven, and Ra was 0.3 nm or less and good flatness was obtained. In the AFM observation, when Ra is 0.3 nm or less, it has been experimentally confirmed that step bunching has not occurred, and it can be said that there is no step bunching in FIG. 7 obtained in this example. This good flatness was the same at 1630 ° C. and 1655 ° C.
- the growth rate of the second epitaxial growth was set to about 9 ⁇ m / h.
- the defect density did not change even at approximately 9 ⁇ m / h or at the device limit of 80 ⁇ m / h.
- the speed can be increased and the throughput can be improved.
- the second temperature at which the second epitaxial growth is performed is higher than the first temperature.
- the density of point defects generated in the SiC epitaxial growth layer can be reduced as the growth conditions are higher, the second epitaxial growth is performed. The effect of reducing the point defect density can also be obtained.
- a SiC epitaxial wafer having a low point defect density can be formed at a high speed of about 9 ⁇ m / h or higher.
- a buffer layer is formed on the SiC bulk substrate, and first epitaxial growth is performed on the buffer layer at a first temperature of 1505 ° C., and the second temperature is the first temperature. Even when the second epitaxial growth is performed at a higher temperature, it is possible to obtain a high-quality SiC epitaxial wafer having a good surface flatness with a defect density of 5 pieces / cm 2 or less and an Ra of 0.3 nm or less. did it. That is, this embodiment can be applied to the case where the present embodiment is performed on the buffer layer on the SiC bulk substrate.
- the first temperature is 1480 ° C. or higher and 1530 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1480 ° C. or higher and 1515 ° C. or lower.
- the SiC epitaxial growth layer can be formed without taking over the defects of the SiC bulk substrate.
- the Si supply gas and the C supply gas during the temperature raising period are stopped. Even when the off-angle is less than 5 ° where surface defects such as step bunching are likely to occur in a SiC epitaxial growth layer having a good surface shape formed without inheriting surface defects of the SiC bulk substrate by epitaxial growth of step bunching, etc. Generation of surface defects can be suppressed.
- the second epitaxial growth is performed at a second temperature higher than the first temperature on the surface of the SiC epitaxial growth layer having a good surface shape, thereby increasing the SiC epitaxial wafer having a good surface shape. The effect that it can be formed with a throughput is obtained.
- the defect density is 30 pieces / cm 2 or less.
- a low SiC epitaxial wafer can be manufactured. If the first temperature is more preferably 1480 ° C. or more and 1515 ° C. or less, a SiC epitaxial wafer having a defect density of 10 / cm 2 or less can be produced.
- a SiC epitaxial wafer with reduced point defects can be manufactured by performing the second epitaxial growth at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.
- the main surface of the SiC bulk substrate is the Si surface, but it may be a C surface.
- an SiC bulk substrate with an off-angle specification of 4 ° is used.
- the off-angle is actually 3 It is a result using the SiC bulk substrate which is in the range larger than 5 ° and smaller than 5 °.
- the SiC bulk substrate having an off-angle specification of 4 ° is used.
- the step 1 is performed.
- the terrace width is larger. For this reason, since the terrace width is increased, surface defects such as step bunching are more likely to occur than when the off-angle specification is 4 °. Therefore, the present embodiment is used to supply the source gas during the temperature rise. The effect of stopping and suppressing the occurrence of step bunching is obtained.
- the effect of the present embodiment can be obtained when the off angle is greater than 0 ° and less than 5 °.
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Abstract
Description
まず、この発明の実施の形態1における炭化珪素エピタキシャル成長の工程を説明する。図1は、実施の形態1における炭化珪素エピタキシャル成長の工程を示すフロー図である。本実施の形態では、SiCバルク基板の主面を4°のオフ角仕様が付いた4H-SiC(0001)面とし、その上にSiCエピタキシャル成長を行う。
Claims (6)
- 5°未満のオフ角が付いた4H-SiC(0001)を主面とするSiCバルク基板上に、Si供給ガスとC供給ガスを供給し、1480℃以上1530℃以下である第1の温度で第1のエピタキシャル成長を行う第1の工程と、
前記Si供給ガスと前記C供給ガスの供給を停止し、前記SiCバルク基板を、前記第1の温度から前記第1の温度より高い第2の温度に昇温する第2の工程と、
前記第2の工程で昇温された前記SiCバルク基板上に前記Si供給ガスと前記C供給ガスを供給し、前記第2の温度で第2のエピタキシャル成長を行う第3の工程と、
を備えたSiCエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法。 - 前記第2の工程を、還元性ガス雰囲気中で行うこと
を特徴とする請求項1に記載のSiCエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法。 - 前記第2の工程を、塩素系ガスが添加された還元性ガス雰囲気中で行うこと
を特徴とする請求項1に記載のSiCエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法。 - 前記第2の温度が1630℃以上であること
を特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のSiCエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法。 - 前記第1の工程は、さらにN型ドーピングガスが供給されること
を特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のSiCエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法。 - 前記第3の工程は、さらにN型ドーピングガスが供給されること
を特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載のSiCエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法。
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CN201380072880.7A CN104995718B (zh) | 2013-02-13 | 2013-12-26 | SiC外延晶片的制造方法 |
DE112013006661.0T DE112013006661B4 (de) | 2013-02-13 | 2013-12-26 | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines SIC-Epitaxialwafers |
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JP2021070620A (ja) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-06 | エスケイシー・カンパニー・リミテッドSkc Co., Ltd. | 炭化珪素インゴットの製造方法、炭化珪素ウエハの製造方法及びその成長システム |
JP7258355B2 (ja) | 2019-10-29 | 2023-04-17 | セニック・インコーポレイテッド | 炭化珪素インゴットの製造方法、炭化珪素ウエハの製造方法及びその成長システム |
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JP6012841B2 (ja) | 2016-10-25 |
US20150354090A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
DE112013006661T5 (de) | 2015-11-26 |
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CN104995718B (zh) | 2018-06-15 |
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