WO2014112412A1 - 半透明拡散型偏光積層体及びその用途 - Google Patents
半透明拡散型偏光積層体及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014112412A1 WO2014112412A1 PCT/JP2014/050123 JP2014050123W WO2014112412A1 WO 2014112412 A1 WO2014112412 A1 WO 2014112412A1 JP 2014050123 W JP2014050123 W JP 2014050123W WO 2014112412 A1 WO2014112412 A1 WO 2014112412A1
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- polarizing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/288—Filters employing polarising elements, e.g. Lyot or Solc filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
- G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/54—Accessories
- G03B21/56—Projection screens
- G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
- G03B21/604—Polarised screens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/54—Accessories
- G03B21/56—Projection screens
- G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
- G03B21/62—Translucent screens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
- G02B2027/0194—Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
- G02B2027/0196—Supplementary details having transparent supporting structure for display mounting, e.g. to a window or a windshield
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diffusive polarizing laminate included in a translucent screen such as a head mountain display or a window display, a translucent (semi-transmissive) projector screen including the laminate, a projection system including the screen, and a projection image. And a method for improving the visibility of a transmission image.
- a translucent screen (a transflective screen or a transparent reflective or transmissive screen) can display an image projected from a projector (a projector or a projection display device) on the screen, and also has a view beyond the screen.
- This is a screen that can be seen through, and is used for a window display, a head-up display (HUD), a head mountain display (HMD), and the like.
- a translucent screen transparent type projection screen
- a screen using a hologram hologram screen
- a screen using a half mirror are known.
- the hologram screen does not have polarization selectivity and cannot distinguish between natural light and artificial light (polarized light), it is difficult to display an image clearly under bright natural light.
- a screen using a half mirror must have a structure that partially blocks the field of view, and in principle, it is difficult to increase the size.
- a translucent screen a screen using a diffusion polarizing plate is also known.
- Patent Document 1 describes a specific polarized light out of projected video light in a transflective projection screen that reflects and transmits projected video light and displays images on both sides thereof.
- a transflective projection comprising: a reflective screen that reflects a component; and a transmissive screen that transmits the image light without being reflected by the reflective screen and transmits light having a polarization component different from the specific polarization component A screen is disclosed.
- a polarization selective reflection layer formed of a polarization separation film having a cholesteric liquid crystal structure is described as a reflection type screen
- a back side diffraction layer composed of a transmission type volume hologram is described as a transmission type screen.
- an absorptive polarizing plate that absorbs light of a specific polarization component to be reflected by the reflective screen between the reflective screen and the transmissive screen, it should be reflected and transmitted by the projection screen. It is described that two types of polarized light can be more reliably separated.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a first light that diffuses and reflects light having one polarization component and transmits other light with respect to light including one polarization component and the other polarization component.
- a projection screen is disclosed.
- This document describes a polarization selective reflection layer made of a liquid crystal composition having cholesteric regularity as a first transparent screen, and a back surface by using a transparent material in the same manner as the first transparent screen as a second screen. It is described that the background of the side can be visually recognized.
- the polarizing separation function of the first transparent screen is insufficient by arranging an absorption type polarizing layer that absorbs and blocks light having one polarization component between the first transparent screen and the second screen. In some cases, it is described that the polarized light passing through the first transparent screen can be completely blocked.
- Patent Document 1 the screen of Patent Document 1 is intended to be visible from both sides of the side where the projector side is disposed and the side where it is not disposed, and does not describe the visibility of the outside scene or the room.
- the polarization separation film having a cholesteric liquid crystal structure has a large incident angle dependency and the reflection intensity and the color reproducibility are different depending on the incident angle, when the light is incident from a projector at a wide angle (the incident angle is If it is large), the front luminance is reduced and a clear image cannot be displayed. Therefore, it is not suitable for an application where the incident angle of light from the projector to the screen is large, for example, a short focus type projector such as an HMD.
- the image looks whitish, the sharpness is low, and it cannot be incident at a wide angle, so the light source of the projector is easily reflected.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a screen including a polarizing diffuser film, the polarizing diffuser film being a uniaxially stretched resin film, and the uniaxially stretched resin film against visible light.
- the transmission haze is 15 to 90%
- the uniaxially stretched resin film is made of one kind of crystalline resin having an intrinsic birefringence of 0.1 or more
- the crystallinity of the uniaxially stretched resin film is 8 to 30%.
- a screen is disclosed in which the sea-island structure can be observed on a cut surface perpendicular to the stretching direction of the uniaxially stretched resin film surface.
- the dye layer by arranging the dye layer so that the absorption axis of the polarizing dye layer and the stretching axis of the polarizing diffusion film are substantially perpendicular to each other, it is perpendicular to the stretching axis of the polarizing diffusion film. It is described that the dye layer can efficiently absorb and remove the polarized light (polarized light that does not contribute to the image) and improve the contrast in a bright place. In addition, it is also described that it is preferable that the pigment layer and the polarizing plate are not arranged in the transparent reflective screen in terms of ensuring transparency. Furthermore, it is described that the sea-island structure of the uniaxially stretched resin film is formed of island-like bright portions having relatively high crystallinity and dark portions having relatively low crystallinity.
- the dye layer and the polarizing plate are not arranged in the translucent screen (transparent reflection type or transmission type screen).
- the relationship is not described.
- the polarizing diffusion film forms a sea-island structure due to the difference in crystallinity of a single crystalline resin, it is difficult to control the refractive index, and it is difficult to improve the scattering characteristics and polarization characteristics. is there. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the polarizing diffusion film to a translucent screen.
- the projector is a device for displaying an enlarged image on a screen, and the visibility of the image displayed on the translucent screen is also affected by the surrounding illuminance (illuminance caused by natural light, artificial light, etc.). . Therefore, the visibility can be adjusted to some extent by adjusting the illuminance (brightness) of the projector light source according to the ambient illuminance, but depending on the ambient illuminance (especially for ambient light from sunlight with high illuminance) In some cases, the visibility cannot be improved only by adjusting the illuminance of the projector light source. Further, when the illuminance of the projector light source is increased, the power consumption increases and the economic efficiency and environmental performance are also reduced.
- a translucent screen due to its structure, the visibility of an outside scene (a view beyond the screen for the viewer, an outdoor or indoor scene for the viewer) and the image projected on the screen (projected image) It is difficult to achieve both visibility and is particularly difficult when there is a large difference in illuminance (light quantity) inside and outside the room.
- illuminance light quantity
- a translucent screen for a window of a vehicle such as an automobile or a window facing the outside of a building
- sunlight with a large amount of light is incident as external light
- the projected image can be clearly seen. Have difficulty.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a photochromic layer and a photochromic layer.
- a light shielding film for a vehicle composed of transparent resin layers provided on both sides is disclosed.
- JP 2006-227581 A (Claims, paragraph [0086], FIG. 2) JP 2007-219258 A (claims, paragraphs [0023] [0033] [0071], FIG. 6)
- JP 2010-231080 (Claims, paragraphs [0074] [0110] [0117] [0119]) JP-A-9-300516 (Claim 1)
- an object of the present invention is to display a clear transmitted image while maintaining the visibility (brightness, sharpness, etc.) of the image projected from the projector, even with a translucent screen including a diffusing polarizing plate. It is an object of the present invention to provide a polarizing laminate, a translucent projector screen including the laminate, a projection system including the screen, and a method for improving the visibility of a projected image and a transmitted image.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing laminate that can improve the thinness and lightness of a translucent screen (semi-transmissive projector screen), a translucent projector screen including the laminate, and a projection system including the screen.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the visibility of a projected image and a transmitted image.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing laminate that can selectively use a transmissive screen and a reflective screen by controlling the polarized light emitted from the projector, a translucent projector screen including the laminated body, and the screen. It is an object of the present invention to provide a projection system provided and a method for improving the visibility of a projection image and a transmission image.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing laminated body in which a projected image from a projector can be clearly seen from one side and hardly visible from the other side in a reflective or transmissive screen, and the laminated body. It is an object to provide a translucent projector screen provided, a projection system including the screen, and a method for improving the visibility of a projection image and a transmission image.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing laminate that can clearly see the image projected from the projector from the side where the projector is not disposed (the back side of the screen) and can suppress the reflection of the light source of the projector. It is an object to provide a translucent projector screen including a laminated body, a projection system including the screen, and a method for improving the visibility of a projection image and a transmission image.
- Yet another object of the present invention is the visibility of the image projected from the projector (brightness and sharpness) without being affected by ambient brightness such as outside light, even for a translucent screen including a diffusing polarizing plate.
- a polarizing laminate capable of displaying a clear transmission image
- a translucent projector screen provided with the laminate
- a projection system provided with the screen
- the present inventor has formed a continuous phase formed of the first transparent thermoplastic resin and a second transparent thermoplastic resin having a refractive index different from that of the continuous phase.
- a translucent screen including a diffusive polarizing plate is obtained by combining a diffusive polarizing layer including a dispersed phase and an absorptive polarizing layer with the transmission axes of both layers being substantially parallel to each other and used as a translucent projector screen. Even in such a case, the inventors have found that a clear transmission image can be displayed while maintaining the visibility (brightness, sharpness, etc.) of the image projected from the projector, and the present invention has been completed.
- the polarizing laminate of the present invention is a polarizing laminate that is transparent and is included in a translucent projector screen for displaying an image projected from a projector, and includes a diffusing polarizing layer and an absorbing polarizing layer. And the transmissive axis of both layers is substantially parallel, and the diffusive polarizing layer has a continuous phase formed of the first transparent thermoplastic resin, and a second transparent having a refractive index different from that of the continuous phase. And a dispersed phase formed of a thermoplastic resin.
- the diffusion-type polarizing layer can polarize incident natural light, and may diffuse one linearly polarized light component of natural light more largely than the other linearly polarized light component, and transmit a small amount.
- the total light transmittance when linearly polarized light substantially parallel to the transmission axis is incident from the absorption polarizing layer side, the total light transmittance is 80% or more and the diffused light transmittance is 25%. It may be the following.
- the total light reflectance when linearly polarized light substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis is incident from the absorption polarizing layer side, the total light reflectance may be 60% or more.
- the diffusion-type polarizing layer is formed of a stretched film, the in-plane birefringence of the continuous phase is less than 0.05, the in-plane birefringence of the dispersed phase is 0.05 or more, and a continuous phase for linearly polarized light
- the difference in refractive index from the dispersed phase may be different between the stretching direction and the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction.
- the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the continuous phase and the dispersed phase in the stretching direction is 0.1 to 0.3, and the continuous phase and the dispersed phase in the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction are The absolute value of the refractive index difference may be 0.1 or less.
- the continuous phase may be formed of polycarbonate, and the dispersed phase may be formed of a polyalkylene naphthalate resin.
- the dispersed phase may have a long shape with an average aspect ratio of 2 to 200, the dispersed phase is dispersed substantially uniformly in the continuous phase, and the major axis direction of the dispersed phase is constant and substantially parallel to the plane direction. It may be oriented in the direction.
- the absorptive polarizing layer may be formed of a stretched film of a vinyl alcohol resin containing iodine.
- the diffusion-type polarizing layer and the absorption-type polarizing layer may be laminated via a transparent adhesive layer.
- the polarizing laminate of the present invention may further include a light control layer capable of reducing the amount of emitted light with respect to the amount of incident light.
- An absorption polarizing layer may be interposed between the light control layer and the diffusing polarizing layer.
- the light control layer may be capable of adjusting the amount of decrease in the amount of light.
- a polarizing laminate including a light control layer is suitable for a reflective screen.
- the present invention also includes a translucent projector screen including the polarizing laminate.
- the translucent projector screen of the present invention may be a reflective screen or a transmissive screen (particularly a short focus projector screen) that projects an image from the projector from the diffusion polarizing layer side.
- the present invention includes a projection system including the translucent projector screen and the projector.
- a diffusive polarizing layer formed of a uniaxially stretched sheet is disposed on the projector side, and the projection light from the projector is 0 ° in a plane direction perpendicular to the stretch direction of the stretched sheet.
- the projector may be arranged so as to be incident on the screen at an incident angle exceeding.
- the projector may emit linearly polarized light having a vibration surface substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis of the diffusive polarizing layer, and the translucent projector screen may be a reflective screen.
- the projector can emit linearly polarized light having a vibration surface substantially parallel to the transmission axis of the diffusive polarizing layer
- the translucent projector screen is a transmissive screen. Also good.
- the present invention also includes a method of adjusting visibility of a video and a transmission image projected from the projector to the screen by adjusting the illuminance inside and outside the projector screen and the illuminance of the projector in the projection system. included.
- substantially parallel does not need to be completely parallel (or perpendicular) to the target direction, for example, an angle ⁇ 15 ° (for example, ⁇ It is used to include the case of crossing in an oblique direction within a range of about 10 ° (especially ⁇ 5 °).
- translucent screen means a screen that can project an image on the screen and has transparency that allows the user to visually recognize an indoor or outdoor landscape through the screen.
- a diffusive polarizing layer comprising a continuous phase formed of a first transparent thermoplastic resin and a dispersed phase formed of a second transparent thermoplastic resin having a refractive index different from that of the continuous phase; Since the absorption-type polarizing layer is combined with the transmission axes of both layers substantially parallel, when used in a semi-transparent projector screen, even if it is a semi-transparent screen including a diffusing polarizing plate, the image projected from the projector A clear transmission image (transmission image of the background) can be displayed while maintaining the visibility (brightness, definition, etc.).
- the diffusive polarizing layer is formed of a specific stretched film
- the front luminance can be improved even when an image is projected from a projector onto a translucent screen at a wide angle of incidence.
- the polarizing laminate of the present invention has a simple structure in which a diffusing polarizing layer and an absorbing polarizing layer are combined, and can control polarization without using a retardation plate, so that a translucent screen (semi-transmissive projector) The thinness and lightness of the screen can be improved.
- the image projected from the projector can be viewed either on the outdoor side or on the indoor side, so the reflective screen and the transmissive screen can be selected and used (use differently). Can do).
- the image projected from the projector can be adjusted so that it can be clearly seen from one side and hardly visible from the other side.
- a transmissive screen an image projected from the projector can be clearly seen from the side where the projector is not disposed, and reflection of the light source of the projector can be suppressed.
- the window can be used as an advertising medium to the outside of the vehicle, and from the inside of the vehicle, the scenery outside the vehicle can be seen through the screen without impairing the function of the window. Can be visually recognized.
- the polarization if it is used as a reflective screen, it can be used as a display in a car.
- the laminate of the present invention is used as a reflective or transmissive translucent screen, a clear scene can be visually recognized both indoors and outdoors, whether or not an image is projected from a projector. Therefore, you can experience augmented reality when used for show window display applications.
- an absorption polarizing layer is interposed between the light control layer capable of reducing the amount of emitted light with respect to the amount of incident light and the diffusion polarizing layer, thereby providing a translucent screen including a diffusion polarizing plate. Even in such a case, it is possible to display a clear transmitted image while maintaining the visibility (brightness, sharpness, etc.) of the image projected from the projector without being influenced by ambient brightness such as outside light. In particular, since the amount of sunlight is extremely large, the amount of light between daytime outside light and indoor illuminance becomes unbalanced, and the light is projected onto a translucent screen (particularly a reflective translucent screen) from a projector installed indoors or in a car.
- the light control layer can reduce the amount of external light, thereby improving the visibility of the image. Furthermore, if a light control layer that can adjust the amount of light reduction is used, the amount of light reduction by the light control layer can be adjusted in accordance with the amount of external light. The visibility of the projected image can be improved both during the day and at night.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the function of a polarizing laminate in a projection system including a reflective translucent projector screen and a projector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the relationship between the phase separation structure of the diffusive polarizing layer and the optical path of the emitted light from the projector in the polarizing laminate of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the function of the polarizing laminate in the projection system including the transmissive translucent projector screen and the projector according to the present invention.
- 4 is a graph obtained by measuring the variable angle luminance of the diffusive polarizing layer obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the function of a polarizing laminate in a projection system including a reflective translucent projector screen and a projector according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the relationship between the phase separation structure of the diffusive polarizing layer and the optical path of the emitted light from the projector in the
- a polarizing laminate of the present invention is a polarizing laminate that is transparent and is included in a translucent (semi-transmissive) projector screen for displaying an image projected from a projector, and includes a diffusion-type polarizing layer and an absorption type A polarizing layer.
- the diffusive polarizing layer may be a linear polarizing layer that can polarize incident natural light and diffuses one linearly polarized light component of natural light more than the other linearly polarized light component and transmits a small amount.
- a continuous phase formed of a first transparent thermoplastic resin and a dispersed phase formed of a second transparent thermoplastic resin having a refractive index different from that of the continuous phase are included.
- the first transparent thermoplastic resin constituting the continuous phase is in-plane birefringence (the absolute value of the difference in refractive index between the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, particularly in the case of a stretched film, the stretching direction). And the absolute value of the difference in refractive index between the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction) and the in-plane birefringence is less than 0.05, for example, 0 to 0.03, preferably 0 to 0.02. More preferably, it may be about 0 to 0.01.
- the refractive index can be measured at a wavelength of 633 nm using a prism coupler (manufactured by Metricon).
- the first transparent thermoplastic resin examples include polyolefin, cyclic polyolefin, halogen-containing resin (including fluorine resin), vinyl alcohol resin, vinyl ester resin, vinyl ether resin, (meth) acrylic resin, and styrene.
- Resin polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, thermoplastic polyurethane resin, polysulfone resin (polyethersulfone, polysulfone, etc.), polyphenylene ether resin (2,6-xylenol polymer, etc.), cellulose derivatives (cellulose esters, cellulose Carbamates, cellulose ethers, etc.), silicone resins (polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, etc.) and the like.
- These transparent thermoplastic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polycarbonate is preferable because it is inexpensive and has high transparency.
- Polycarbonate includes aromatic polycarbonates based on bisphenols, aliphatic polycarbonates such as diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate, and the like. Of these, aromatic polycarbonates based on bisphenols are preferred because of their excellent optical properties and low cost.
- bisphenols examples include biphenols such as dihydroxybiphenyl, bis (hydroxyaryl) alkanes such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol AD, bis (4-hydroxytolyl) alkane, and bis (4-hydroxyxylyl) alkane.
- bis (hydroxyaryl) C 1-10 alkanes preferably bis (hydroxyaryl) C 1-6 alkanes
- bis (hydroxyaryl) cycloalkanes such as bis (hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane [eg bis (hydroxyaryl) (Hydroxyaryl) C 3-12 cycloalkanes, preferably bis (hydroxyaryl) C 4-10 cycloalkanes] di (hydroxyphenyl) ether such as 4,4′-di (hydroxyphenyl) ether
- Di (hydroxyphenyl) ketones such as 4,4′-di (hydroxyphenyl) ketone
- di (hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides such as bisphenol S, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bisphenol fluorenes [for example, 9,9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) fluorene, etc.].
- These bisphenols may be C 2-4
- the polycarbonate may be a polyester carbonate resin obtained by copolymerizing a dicarboxylic acid component (such as an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid or an acid halide thereof). These polycarbonates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred polycarbonates are resins based on bis (hydroxyphenyl) C 1-6 alkanes, for example bisphenol A type polycarbonates.
- the proportion of other copolymerizable monomer other than bisphenol A is, for example, about 20 mol% or less, preferably about 10 mol% or less (for example, 0.1 to 10 mol%).
- the in-plane birefringence is substantially zero at a draw ratio of 3 to 5 times under the conditions of the examples described later.
- the molecular weight of the first transparent thermoplastic resin is, for example, 10,000 to 200,000 (for example, 15,000 to 5,000) as a viscosity average molecular weight determined from the viscosity measured in a methylene chloride solution having a concentration of 0.7 g / dL at 20 ° C. For example, 15000 to 120,000, preferably 17000 to 100,000, more preferably 18000 to 50000 (especially 18000 to 30000). If the molecular weight of the first transparent thermoplastic resin is too small, the mechanical strength of the diffusive polarizing layer tends to decrease, and if the molecular weight is too large, the melt fluidity decreases, and handling properties during film formation and uniform dispersion of the dispersed phase are reduced. It is easy to deteriorate.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the first transparent thermoplastic resin is, for example, about 3 to 30 g / 10 minutes in accordance with ISO 1133 (300 ° C., 1.2 kg load (11.8 N)).
- the range can be selected, for example, 5 to 30 g / 10 minutes, preferably 6 to 25 g / 10 minutes, more preferably 7 to 20 g / 10 minutes (particularly 8 to 15 g / 10 minutes).
- the viscosity of the first transparent thermoplastic resin is measured using a rotary rheometer (manufactured by Anton Paar) at 270 ° C. and a shear rate of 10 sec ⁇ 1 , for example, 100-1500 Pa ⁇ s, preferably 200 to 1200 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably about 300 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s (especially 500 to 750 Pa ⁇ s).
- the glass transition temperature of the first transparent thermoplastic resin can be selected from the range of about 110 to 250 ° C., for example, but the stretching temperature can be set low and the range of selection of the resin in the dispersed phase is expanded.
- the temperature is about 110 to 180 ° C., preferably 120 to 160 ° C., more preferably about 130 to 160 ° C. (especially 140 to 155 ° C.).
- the glass transition temperature can be measured using a differential scanning calorimeter, for example, using a differential scanning calorimeter (“DSC6200” manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) under a nitrogen stream at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min. It can be measured.
- the continuous phase may be composed of a polymer alloy.
- the ratio of the other transparent thermoplastic resin is, for example, 100 parts by weight or less, preferably 50 parts by weight or less, with respect to 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate.
- the amount is preferably about 10 parts by weight or less (for example, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight).
- Specific examples of the polymer alloy include, for example, a polycarbonate resin composition disclosed in JP-A-9-183892 (a resin composition in which a polyester and a transesterification catalyst are blended with polycarbonate to reduce the haze value and birefringence).
- a polycarbonate resin composition disclosed in JP-A-11-3479969 (a resin composition in which an aromatic alkenyl compound or a vinyl cyanide compound is blended with polycarbonate), or a polycarbonate resin composition disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4021741 (Resin composition in which polyester and epoxy-modified polyolefin are blended with polycarbonate).
- the continuous phase is formed of the first transparent thermoplastic resin (particularly polycarbonate).
- the continuous phase contains the first transparent thermoplastic resin as a main component, and the ratio of the first transparent thermoplastic resin is a continuous ratio. It is usually about 80% by weight or more (for example, 80 to 100% by weight), preferably 90 to 100% by weight, more preferably 95 to 100% by weight (particularly 99 to 100% by weight) based on the entire phase.
- the disperse phase is incompatible with the first transparent thermoplastic resin constituting the continuous phase, and can exhibit in-plane birefringence different from the continuous phase in the diffusive polarizing layer.
- Any thermoplastic resin may be used, and it can be selected from the transparent thermoplastic resins exemplified as the first transparent thermoplastic resin.
- the transparent thermoplastic resin constituting the dispersed phase is preferably a transparent thermoplastic resin having an in-plane birefringence of 0.05 or more.
- the in-plane birefringence is, for example, about 0.05 to 0.5, preferably about 0.1 to 0.4, more preferably about 0.15 to 0.3 (particularly 0.2 to 0.25). .
- the continuous phase is composed of the first transparent thermoplastic resin (for example, polycarbonate) and the disperse phase is composed of the second transparent thermoplastic resin having a large intrinsic birefringence
- the continuous phase is effectively formed by stretching at a low magnification.
- a high-difference refractive index difference can be expressed with the dispersed phase, and a diffusion-type polarizing layer having high scattering characteristics and high polarization characteristics can be prepared.
- transparent thermoplastic resins examples include cyclic olefin resins, vinyl resins (polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, etc.), styrene resins (styrene-acrylonitrile resin, etc.), Acrylic resins (such as poly (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters such as poly (meth) acrylic acid and poly (meth) methyl acrylate), acrylonitrile resins (such as poly (meth) acrylonitrile), polyester resins (amorphous) Aromatic polyester resins, aliphatic polyester resins, liquid crystal polyesters, etc.), polyamide resins (polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 610 etc.), cellulose derivatives (cellulose acetate etc.) and the like are included. These transparent thermoplastic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyesters particularly polyalkylene arylates
- polyalkylene arylates are preferred because they have substantially the same refractive index as polycarbonate and can easily increase the refractive index in the stretching direction by stretching.
- the polyalkylene arylate is a homopolymer containing an alkylene arylate unit as a main component in a proportion of, for example, 50 mol% or more, preferably 75 to 100 mol%, more preferably 80 to 100 mol% (particularly 90 to 100 mol%). Or a copolyester is included.
- Examples of the copolymerizable monomer constituting the copolyester include dicarboxylic acid components (for example, C 8-20 aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid).
- dicarboxylic acid components for example, C 8-20 aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid).
- Acid adipic acid, azelaic acid, C4-12 alkane dicarboxylic acid such as sebacic acid, C 4-12 cycloalkane dicarboxylic acid such as 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, etc.
- diol component eg, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol
- butanediol C 2-10 alkanediol such as neopentyl glycol
- diethylene glycol diethylene glycol
- C 4-12 cycloalkane diols such as poly C 2-4 alkylene glycol
- 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol such as polyethylene glycol, bisphenol And aromatic diols such as
- hydroxycarboxylic acid component e.g., p- hydroxybenzoic acid, p- hydroxyethoxy benzoic acid
- hydroxycarboxylic acid component e.g., p- hydroxybenzoic acid, p- hydroxy
- copolymerizable monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polyalkylene arylate such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, poly C 2-4 alkylene terephthalate-series resin such as polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polypropylene naphthalate, poly C 2-4 Arukiren'na such polybutylene naphthalate Examples thereof include phthalate resins.
- a polyalkylene naphthalate resin (particularly a polyethylene naphthalate resin) has a refractive index equivalent to that of the polycarbonate before stretching and can easily increase the refractive index in the stretching direction by stretching.
- Poly C 2-4 alkylene naphthalate resin such as resin
- the polyalkylene naphthalate resin includes a homopolyester of an alkylene naphthalate unit (particularly a C 2-4 alkylene naphthalate unit such as ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) or an alkylene naphthalate unit content of 80 mol% or more. (Especially 90 mol% or more) copolyesters.
- copolymerizable monomer constituting the copolyester examples include the aforementioned dicarboxylic acid component, diol component, and hydroxycarboxylic acid. Of these copolymerizable monomers, dicarboxylic acid components such as terephthalic acid are widely used.
- the average molecular weight of the second transparent thermoplastic resin (for example, polyester resin such as polyalkylene naphthalate resin) can be selected, for example, from the range of about 5,000 to 1,000,000 in terms of number average molecular weight, for example, 10,000 to 500,000, preferably Is about 12,000 to 300,000, more preferably about 15,000 to 100,000. If the molecular weight of the second transparent thermoplastic resin is too large, the melt fluidity is lowered and the aspect ratio of the dispersed phase is likely to be lowered.
- the number average molecular weight can be measured in terms of polystyrene using gel permeation chromatography.
- the melt viscosity of the second transparent thermoplastic resin is 270 ° C. and a shear rate of 10 sec ⁇ 1 using a rotary rheometer (manufactured by Anton Paar). When measured under conditions, it is, for example, about 200 to 5000 Pa ⁇ s, preferably about 300 to 4000 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably about 500 to 3000 Pa ⁇ s (particularly about 1000 to 2000 Pa ⁇ s).
- both resins are sufficiently mixed, and a dispersed layer having an appropriate size can be uniformly formed in the continuous phase, and the dispersed phase can be controlled to an appropriate particle size. High in-plane birefringence can be imparted.
- the glass transition temperature of the second transparent thermoplastic resin can be selected from the range of about 50 to 200 ° C., for example, but the aspect ratio of the dispersed phase can be easily increased by stretching. In view of the increase, it is preferably lower than the glass transition temperature of the first transparent thermoplastic resin, for example, 1 to 100 ° C., preferably 5 to 80 ° C., more preferably 10 to 50 ° C. (especially 20 to 40 ° C.). ) It may be low. Specifically, the glass transition temperature of the second transparent thermoplastic resin is, for example, about 60 to 180 ° C., preferably 80 to 150 ° C., more preferably 90 to 130 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature can be measured using a differential scanning calorimeter, for example, using a differential scanning calorimeter (“DSC6200” manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) under a nitrogen stream at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min. It can be measured.
- DSC6200 differential scanning calorimeter
- the disperse phase may have an isotropic shape, but it can easily exhibit polarization characteristics, impart anisotropy to light diffusivity, and improve front luminance even when light is incident on the screen from a large angle.
- An anisotropic shape is preferable from the point which can be performed. Examples of the anisotropic shape include a rugby ball shape (an ellipsoid such as a spheroid), a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a rod shape, a fiber shape, and a thread shape.
- the dispersed phase is usually formed by stretching and has a long shape such as a rod shape or a fiber shape.
- the form of the long disperse phase is a long (rod-like, fiber-like) ratio of the average length L of the long axis to the average length W of the short axis (average aspect ratio, L / W) of about 2 to 1000. Or yarn).
- the aspect ratio of the elongated dispersed phase is, for example, about 2 to 200 (eg 3 to 100), preferably 4 to 50 (eg 5 to 30), more preferably about 7 to 15 (especially 8 to 12). is there.
- the aspect ratio of the long dispersed phase is small, the polarization characteristics are lowered and the anisotropic light scattering property is lowered, so that the sharpness of the image when entering from a projector at a wide incident angle is lowered.
- the long axis (longitudinal) direction of the long disperse phase is oriented in a predetermined direction, that is, the X axis direction (stretching direction) to form a long disperse phase.
- the average length L of the long axis of the elongated dispersed phase is, for example, about 0.8 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably about 1 to 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 1.5 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the average length W of the short axis of the long dispersed phase is, for example, about 0.05 to 0.8 ⁇ m, preferably about 0.1 to 0.7 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 0.2 to 0.6 ⁇ m. .
- the average diameter in the major axis direction is 0.8 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably about 1.5 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the average diameter in the minor axis direction of the dispersed phase is 0.05 to 0.8 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 0.7 ⁇ m, more preferably about 0.2 to 0.6 ⁇ m.
- the average aspect ratio (major axis / minor axis) of the dispersed phase is about 2 to 1000 (for example, 2 to 200), preferably about 3 to 500, and more preferably about 5 to 100 (especially 7 to 30).
- An anisotropic dispersed phase (especially an elongated dispersed phase) is dispersed substantially uniformly in the continuous phase, and the major axis direction of the dispersed phase is oriented in a certain direction substantially parallel to the plane direction.
- the higher the orientation coefficient as the degree of alignment of the anisotropic dispersed phase the more preferable, for example, 0.34 or more (about 0.34 to 1), preferably 0.4 to 1 (for example, 0.5 to 1). ), More preferably about 0.7 to 1 (particularly 0.8 to 1). Higher polarization characteristics can be imparted as the orientation coefficient of the dispersed phase is higher.
- the orientation coefficient can be calculated based on the following formula.
- n ( ⁇ ) represents the ratio (weight ratio) of the dispersed phase having the angle ⁇ in the total dispersed phase)].
- the dispersed phase is formed of a second transparent thermoplastic resin (particularly, a polyalkylene naphthalate resin). Specifically, the dispersed phase contains the second transparent thermoplastic resin as a main component, and the first transparent thermoplastic resin.
- the ratio of is usually 80% by weight or more (for example, 80 to 100% by weight), preferably 90 to 100% by weight, more preferably 95 to 100% by weight (particularly 99 to 100% by weight) with respect to the entire dispersed phase. Degree.
- the dispersed phase can be uniformly dispersed even if the pellets of each component are directly melt-kneaded without compounding both components in advance, and voids are generated due to orientation treatment such as uniaxial stretching. Can be prevented, and a good diffusive polarizing layer can be obtained.
- the dispersed phase is bonded or adhered to the continuous phase without substantially forming voids at the interface with the continuous phase.
- a solubilizer may be blended.
- the dispersed phase may be bonded or adhered to the continuous phase via the compatibilizing agent.
- a compatibilizing agent a polymer (random, block or graft copolymer) having the same or common components as the resin constituting the continuous phase and the dispersed phase, and the resin constituting the continuous phase and the dispersed phase are usually used.
- An affinity polymer (random, block or graft copolymer) or the like is used.
- polyester elastomers compatibilizers having an epoxy group in the main chain, particularly epoxy-modified aromatic vinyl-diene block copolymers [for example, epoxidized styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymers And an epoxidized styrene-diene copolymer or an epoxy-modified styrene-diene copolymer such as an epoxidized styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SB)].
- SBS epoxidized styrene-butadiene-styrene
- SB epoxy-modified styrene-diene copolymer
- the epoxidized aromatic vinyl-diene copolymer not only has high transparency, but also has a relatively high softening temperature of about 70 ° C., which makes the resin compatible in many combinations of a continuous phase and a dispersed phase,
- the dispersed phase can be uniformly dispersed.
- the proportion of the compatibilizer is, for example, 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total of the continuous phase and the dispersed phase. About a part.
- the diffusion type polarizing layer is a conventional additive, for example, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a stabilizer such as an ultraviolet absorber, a plasticizer, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, and a filler as long as the optical properties are not impaired.
- An agent or the like may be contained.
- the diffusive polarizing layer may be capable of polarizing incident natural light, and may have a function of diffusing one linearly polarized component of natural light more than the other linearly polarized component, and transmitting small.
- the refractive index difference between the continuous phase and the dispersed phase with respect to linearly polarized light is referred to as the longitudinal direction of the film surface (MD direction, length direction or flow direction, hereinafter referred to as “X-axis direction”).
- X-axis direction the longitudinal direction of the film surface
- Y-axis direction a transverse direction (CD direction or width direction, particularly a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction
- the polarizing layer has a characteristic that the polarized light in the direction in which the refractive index difference is large scatters largely and transmits a small amount, and part of the polarized light is scattered in front of the polarizing layer, and the remaining polarized light is in the polarizing layer. Scattered backwards and hardly absorbed. Further, the polarized light in the direction with a small difference in refractive index has a characteristic of almost transmitting (smallly scattered and largely transmitted).
- the polarizing layer largely scatters linearly polarized light in the stretching direction (for example, the X-axis direction) (linearly polarized light having a vibration plane substantially parallel to the stretching direction) and is perpendicular to the stretching direction.
- the linearly polarized light in the direction is scattered smaller than the X-axis direction or hardly scattered.
- the characteristic with respect to the polarized light (the other linearly polarized light component) in the direction of small refractive index difference (Y-axis direction) may be selected according to the type of the translucent screen.
- the other linearly polarized light component having a large transmittance is used.
- a certain amount of the linearly polarized light component is also used. It preferably has a diffusion function.
- the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the continuous phase and the dispersed phase in one direction is 0.1 or more (for example, 0.1 to 0.5). , Preferably about 0.1 to 0.3, more preferably about 0.1 to 0.2, and continuous phase and dispersion in the other direction (for example, the Y-axis direction or the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction)
- the absolute value of the difference in refractive index from the phase may be 0.1 or less, for example, 0.05 or less, preferably 0.04 or less, more preferably 0.03 or less (for example, 0.001 to 0.00). 03).
- the balance between backscattering (reflection) and transmission scattering is excellent, and excellent polarization characteristics and scattering characteristics can be exhibited, and the brightness of the display device can also be improved.
- the diffusive polarizing layer is preferably a uniaxially stretched film, but in the polarizing layer having a difference in refractive index, the continuous phase and the dispersed phase are each refracted at the stage of the film (so-called cast sheet) at the time of film formation. It is preferable that the anisotropy of the refractive index is small and the refractive indexes are substantially the same.
- the absolute value of the difference in refractive index between the transparent thermoplastic resin (particularly polycarbonate) constituting the continuous phase before stretching and the transparent thermoplastic resin (particularly polyester) constituting the dispersed phase is 0.05 or less, preferably 0.8. 04 or less, more preferably 0.03 or less. If the refractive index difference between the two resins before stretching is in this range, the refractive index difference can be easily expressed in the stretching direction by ordinary stretching.
- the refractive index of the diffusive polarizing layer is small even when the continuous phase is in the X-axis direction, and the refractive index of the fine particle dispersed phase is remarkably changed between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. ing.
- the dispersed phase deforms into an anisotropic shape such as a rugby ball shape or a rod shape due to stretching and also causes a large difference in refractive index.
- the refractive indexes of the continuous phase and the dispersed phase are greatly different in the X-axis direction and substantially coincide with each other in the Y-axis direction.
- polarized light in a direction having substantially the same refractive index for example, linearly polarized light having a vibration surface substantially parallel to the direction having the substantially same refractive index
- a diffusive polarizing layer having a characteristic of largely scattering polarized light having different refractive indexes is produced.
- the diffusive polarizing layer is formed of a uniaxially stretched film, and the refractive index difference between the continuous phase and the dispersed phase with respect to linearly polarized light may be different between the stretching direction and the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction.
- the disperse phase has a large refractive index difference between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- the larger the refractive index difference between the continuous phase and the disperse phase the more scattering the polarized light in that direction.
- the ratio of backscattering (reflected light) increases.
- the front luminance can be improved even if light is incident from a projector at a wide incident angle.
- the front luminance in the transmission screen can be improved.
- the diffusive polarizing layer is a straight line having a vibration surface substantially parallel to the transmission axis, which is a direction having a small difference in refractive index (in the case of a stretched film, a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction) in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- the total light transmittance of polarized light (linearly polarized light substantially parallel to the transmission axis or linearly polarized light of the transmission axis) (the total light transmittance of linearly polarized light incident in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the diffusive polarizing layer) is high.
- the total light transmittance of linearly polarized light with a transmission axis is 80% or more, for example, about 80 to 99%, preferably about 82 to 98%, and more preferably about 85 to 95%. If the total light transmittance is too small, the luminance of linearly polarized light in which external light such as natural light is polarized by the absorption polarizing layer is lowered, and the visibility of the background is lowered. Further, when used as a transmissive screen, the brightness of the image projected from the projector is lowered, and the clarity of the image is lowered.
- the diffused light transmittance of linearly polarized light substantially parallel to the transmission axis may be 50% or less. From the viewpoint of improving visibility, for example, it may be about 25% or less (for example, 0.1 to 25%), preferably about 1 to 20%, more preferably about 5 to 18% (particularly about 10 to 15%). Good. If the diffused light transmittance is too large, the scattering of linearly polarized light in which external light such as natural light is polarized by the absorption polarizing layer becomes large, so that the clearness of the background is deteriorated.
- the diffused light transmittance when used for a transmissive screen, is preferably 10% or more (particularly about 15 to 25%). If the diffused light transmittance is too small, the front luminance is lowered and the projected image is reduced. Visibility is reduced.
- linearly polarized light (linearly polarized light substantially parallel to the scattering axis) having a vibration surface substantially parallel to the scattering axis, which is the direction in which the refractive index difference is large (stretching direction in the case of a stretched film) among the X axis direction and the Y axis direction.
- it has excellent scattering characteristics for the linearly polarized light of the scattering axis, and the total light transmittance of the linearly polarized light of the scattering axis (the total light transmittance of the linearly polarized light incident in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the diffusing polarizing layer).
- the diffused polarizing layer has a high reflectance of linearly polarized light with the scattering axis (reflectance due to the regular reflection component and the backscattering component), and the total light reflectance (backscattering rate) of linearly polarized light in the above direction is 50%.
- it may be 60% or more (for example, 60 to 95%), preferably 65 to 90%, more preferably 70 to 85% (particularly 75 to 85%).
- the direction showing such reflectance may be either the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction, but the X-axis direction is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the total light transmittance and the diffused light transmittance are all rays using a polarization measuring device (haze meter) (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., NDH300A) as described in Examples described later. Can be measured by a method according to JIS K7361-1, and haze (diffused light) can be measured by a method according to JIS K7136.
- a polarization measuring device haze meter
- the thickness (average thickness) of the diffusive polarizing layer can be selected from the range of about 10 to 700 ⁇ m, for example, 30 to 600 ⁇ m (for example, 40 to 500 ⁇ m), preferably 50 to 400 ⁇ m (for example, 80 to 350 ⁇ m), and more preferably Is about 100 to 300 ⁇ m (especially 150 to 250 ⁇ m).
- a transparent resin layer that does not impair the optical characteristics may be laminated on at least one surface (particularly, the surface on which the absorption polarizing layer is not formed).
- the resin of the transparent resin layer can be selected from the transparent thermoplastic resin exemplified as the constituent component of the continuous phase or the dispersed phase, or the transparent thermosetting resin.
- a preferable transparent resin layer is formed of the same series (particularly the same) resin as the continuous phase, for example, polycarbonate.
- the transparent resin layer may also contain the aforementioned conventional additives as long as the optical properties are not impaired.
- the thickness (average thickness) of the transparent resin layer is, for example, about 3 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably about 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the diffusion polarizing layer can be obtained by dispersing and orienting the transparent thermoplastic resin constituting the dispersed phase in the transparent thermoplastic resin constituting the continuous phase.
- two kinds of transparent thermoplastic resins and, if necessary, additives such as a compatibilizing agent are blended by a conventional method (for example, a melt blending method, a tumbler method, etc.) as necessary, and melt mixed.
- the dispersed phase can be dispersed in the continuous phase by extrusion from a die or ring die to form a film.
- the melting temperature is preferably equal to or higher than the melting point of the transparent thermoplastic resin, and varies depending on the type of resin, but is, for example, about 150 to 290 ° C., preferably about 200 to 260 ° C.
- the orientation treatment of the dispersed phase is performed by, for example, (1) a method of stretching an extruded sheet, (2) a method of forming a film while drawing the extruded sheet, solidifying the sheet, and then stretching the sheet. Can do.
- the melt film is used to solidify a sheet in which the dispersed phase, which is the second transparent thermoplastic resin, is dispersed in the continuous phase, which is the first transparent thermoplastic resin. Then, it is preferable to reheat the cooled cast sheet and then perform orientation processing by stretching.
- the stretching may be simple free width uniaxial stretching or constant width (fixed width) uniaxial stretching.
- the uniaxial stretching method is not particularly limited, for example, a method of pulling both ends of the solidified film (tensile stretching), a plurality of series (for example, two series) of a pair of rolls (two rolls) facing each other, The film is inserted between the two rolls on the feeding side, the film is stretched between the two rolls on the feeding side and the two rolls on the feeding side, and the feeding speed of the two rolls on the feeding side is set to two on the feeding side.
- Examples include a method of stretching by making it faster than the roll (stretching between rolls), a method of inserting a film between a pair of rolls facing each other, and rolling the film with a roll pressure (roll rolling).
- a free-width uniaxial stretch can be preferably used from the viewpoint that tensile stretching, in particular, the deformation can be surely generated in the dispersed phase and the in-plane birefringence of the dispersed phase can be increased.
- fixed width uniaxial stretching by a tenter method can be preferably used.
- Fixed-width uniaxial stretching by the tenter method is different from free-width uniaxial stretching in which the width in the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction decreases with stretching and the thickness tends to be non-uniform across the entire width. This is a method that does not change, and is advantageous for producing a uniform sheet over the entire width while maintaining the anisotropic orientation of the dispersed phase. Furthermore, although the details of the action are unknown, it is also effective for changing the refractive index of the dispersed phase.
- the stretching direction may be the sheet flow direction or the sheet width direction.
- the production speed is improved, but in order to obtain a polarizing layer having a desired width, it is necessary to increase the width of the cast sheet.
- the width direction is set, the film is stretched in the horizontal direction, so that a polarizing layer having a desired width can be obtained even when the width of the cast sheet is small, but the production rate is lowered.
- the tensile speed can be selected from the range of, for example, about 50 to 1000 mm / min depending on the stretching temperature and the magnification, for example, 100 to 800 mm / min, preferably 150 to 700 mm / min, Preferably, it is about 200 to 600 mm / min (particularly 400 to 600 mm / min).
- the stretching temperature is preferably equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature of the first transparent thermoplastic resin (for example, polycarbonate).
- Tg glass transition temperature of the first transparent thermoplastic resin
- the temperature may be as high as 0 ° C., preferably (Tg + 5) to (Tg + 50) ° C., more preferably (Tg + 5) to (Tg + 30) ° C. [particularly (Tg + 8) to (Tg + 20) ° C.].
- the specific stretching temperature may be, for example, about 120 to 180 ° C., preferably 150 to 175 ° C., more preferably about 150 to 170 ° C. (especially 160 to 170 ° C.).
- the draw ratio can be selected from a wide range, in the present invention, even at a relatively low draw ratio, a large difference can be caused between the refractive index in the stretching direction and the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction. It may be 2 to 10 times (for example, 1.5 to 8 times), preferably 2 to 6 times, more preferably about 3 to 5.5 times (particularly 4 to 5 times).
- a film having excellent polarization characteristics and scattering characteristics can be produced even at a draw ratio of 5 times or less, it can be easily produced using a general-purpose stretching apparatus such as the primary stretching by the tenter method described above. .
- the stretching may be biaxial stretching, for example, biaxial stretching with strength in the stretching direction.
- the diffusion-type polarizing layer relaxes the birefringence of the continuous phase and develops polarization characteristics. Therefore, the diffusion-type polarizing layer is subjected to tension heat treatment (heat treatment while maintaining the film length) at a temperature higher than the stretching temperature or the stretching temperature. Heat resistance can be imparted while maintaining polarization characteristics.
- the heat treatment temperature can be selected from, for example, a range from the stretching temperature or higher to a temperature that is about 50 ° C. higher than the stretching temperature, and may be, for example, a temperature that is higher than the stretching temperature to about 30 ° C. higher than the stretching temperature. The temperature may be substantially the same as the temperature.
- the heat treatment time is, for example, 0.1 to 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 10 minutes, more preferably about 2 to 5 minutes, and can be selected according to the temperature. For example, when the temperature is about 165 ° C., 2 to It takes about 3 minutes.
- the refractive index difference between the continuous phases can be reduced, and the refractive index of the continuous phase and the dispersed phase can be matched in the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction, so that the optical characteristics can be improved.
- heat resistance such as dimensional stability of the diffusive polarizing layer and strength can be improved.
- a transparent resin layer when laminating a transparent resin layer, it is laminated on at least one surface of the diffusive polarizing layer by a conventional method such as a co-extrusion molding method or a laminating method (extrusion laminating method, dry laminating method, etc.). Also good.
- Absorptive polarizing layer As the absorptive polarizing layer, a conventional absorptive polarizing plate such as a dichroic dye-based polarizing plate, a polyene-based polarizing plate, and a wire grid polarizing plate can be used. Among these, a dichroic dye-based polarizing plate is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent polarization characteristics and versatility.
- the dichroic dye-based polarizing plate contains a dichroic dye and a transparent resin.
- dichroic dyes examples include iodine, dichroic dyes (azo dichroic dyes, CI Direct Yellow 12, CI Direct Red 81, CI Direct Orange 39, CI Direct Blue 1 etc.). These dichroic dyes can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these dichroic dyes, iodine is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent polarization characteristics.
- the transparent thermoplastic resin exemplified in the section of the continuous phase of the diffusion type polarizing layer can be used.
- vinyl alcohol resins are preferred because they can easily adsorb and orient dichroic dyes.
- vinyl alcohol resins include polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers.
- the average degree of polymerization of the vinyl alcohol resin is, for example, about 1000 to 10,000 (particularly 1500 to 5000).
- the vinyl alcohol resin may be crosslinked with a conventional crosslinking agent. Of these, polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked with boric acid is widely used.
- the degree of saponification of polyvinyl alcohol is, for example, about 85 to 100 mol% (particularly 90 to 100 mol%).
- the absorptive polarizing layer has a high total light transmittance of linearly polarized light substantially parallel to the transmission axis (a total light transmittance of linearly polarized light incident in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the absorptive polarizing layer).
- the total light transmittance of linearly polarized light is 80% or more, for example, 80 to 95%, preferably 85 to 95%, and more preferably about 89 to 93%. If this total light transmittance is too small, the luminance of the linearly polarized light that is transmitted decreases, and the visibility of the background decreases.
- the diffused ray transmittance of linearly polarized light on the transmission axis can improve the visibility of the background, for example, 20 % Or less, preferably 0.1 to 20%, more preferably about 1 to 15%. If the diffused light transmittance is too large, the scattering of the linearly polarized light that is transmitted increases, and the sharpness of the background decreases.
- the absorption of the linearly polarized light of the absorption axis is high, and the total light transmittance of the linearly polarized light of the absorption axis is 20% or less, preferably 0.1 to 20%, more preferably about 1 to 10%.
- the total light transmittance is absorbed in order to absorb the linearly polarized light component scattered backward and make the projected image almost invisible from the side where the projector is not disposed (the back side of the screen).
- the degree of polarization may be 95% or more and the single transmittance may be 40% or more, and preferably the degree of polarization is 99. % Or more and the single transmittance may be 44% or more.
- the degree of polarization and the single transmittance can be measured by the following methods.
- Polarization degree ⁇ [Tp ⁇ To] / [Tp + To] ⁇ ⁇ 100%
- Single transmittance ⁇ [Tp + To] / 2 ⁇ ⁇ 100% (In the formula, Tp: Transmittance when polarized light having a vibration plane parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate to be measured is transmitted; To; When polarized light having a vibration surface orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing plate to be measured is transmitted. Is the transmittance).
- the thickness (average thickness) of the absorptive polarizing layer is about 10 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably about 15 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the transparent polarizing layer (protective layer) that does not impair the optical characteristics may be laminated on at least one surface of the absorbing polarizing layer. It can be selected from the transparent thermoplastic resin exemplified as the constituent component of the continuous phase or the dispersed phase, the transparent thermosetting resin, and the like.
- a preferable transparent resin layer is formed of cellulose ester such as cellulose triacetate, (meth) acrylic resin such as polymethyl methacrylate, cyclic polyolefin such as ethylene-norbornene copolymer, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, and the like.
- the transparent resin layer may contain a conventional additive (for example, an ultraviolet absorber) exemplified in the section of the diffusion polarizing layer.
- the absorption-type polarizing layer may be laminated with an antireflection layer or the like on the surface opposite to the side where the diffusion-type absorption layer is laminated.
- Absorptive polarizing layers can be produced by a conventional method.
- an absorbing polarizing layer containing a dichroic dye dyes a vinyl alcohol-based resin film with a dichroic dye (such as a combination of iodine and potassium iodide).
- a dichroic dye such as a combination of iodine and potassium iodide.
- the aqueous solution containing the dyeing process and crosslinking agent (boric acid etc.) it can manufacture through the extending
- uniaxial stretching may be performed at a stretching ratio of about 2 to 10 times (particularly 3 to 8 times).
- the stretching method the method exemplified in the section of the method for producing a diffusive polarizing layer can be used.
- the polarizing laminate may further include a light control layer in order to adjust the illuminance between the outdoors and indoors or in the vehicle and improve the visibility of the projected image and the transmitted image.
- the light control layer may be disposed on either side of the polarizing laminate, but it is effective for adjusting the amount of external light such as sunlight with high illuminance, so that it is on the absorption polarizing layer side. It is preferable to dispose an absorption polarizing layer between the light control layer and the diffusion polarizing layer.
- the light control layer may be a fixed light control layer that reduces the amount of light emitted at a constant rate as long as the amount of light emitted can be reduced relative to the amount of incident light, and the amount of light reduction can be adjusted. It may be a certain modulated light layer.
- a transparent resin layer having a light-absorbing dye can be used.
- a conventional neutral density filter (ND filter) can be used.
- the transparent resin constituting the neutral density filter include transparent thermoplastic resins (particularly, cellulose esters, polyesters, etc.) exemplified in the section of the continuous phase of the diffusive polarizing layer.
- the light-absorbing dye include cyanine dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, azo dyes, and xanthene dyes.
- the amount of light reduction of the fixed light control layer can be selected according to the purpose, but the ratio of the output light amount to the incident light amount is, for example, 1 to 90%, preferably 3 to 50%, more preferably 5 to 30% (particularly 8 to 20%).
- a conventional dimming layer capable of adjusting the amount of decrease in the amount of light by various means such as electrical switching can be used.
- a voltage to change the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer Dimming liquid crystal shutters electrochromic layers that dimming by applying light to change the light absorption of metal oxides and dyes such as tungsten oxide, and the fact that silver halide dissociates with ultraviolet rays to develop color
- dimming mirrors that adjust light by changing the light transmission (reflectivity) of metal films such as magnesium and nickel alloy thin films by applying voltage and introducing gas such as hydrogen gas, by mechanical opening and closing operations Examples include blinds that adjust the amount of light.
- the dimming amount of the tunable light layer can be selected according to the purpose, but the dimming amount can be adjusted in a wide range, but the ratio of the outgoing light amount to the incident light amount is, for example, 0 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80%, more preferably May be adjusted in the range of about 3 to 70% (especially 5 to 50%).
- the translucent screen of the present invention in order to achieve both the visibility of the projected image and the outside scene, it is necessary to adjust the light reduction amount of the modulatable light layer to a range exceeding 0%. May be temporarily adjusted to approximately 0%. In this case, the translucent screen of the present invention can be temporarily used as an opaque screen.
- the visibility of the projected image and the outside scene is made compatible with a semi-transparent screen during the daytime, and the screen is made opaque by a modifiable light layer at night, and only the projected image is viewed from the room It can also be used as a screen.
- a modulatable light layer is preferable because it can maintain visibility even when the amount of external light changes greatly, such as during the daytime and at night.
- a liquid crystal shutter is particularly preferable because it is excellent and easy to adjust.
- the liquid crystal shutter only needs to be dimmable by applying an electric field to change the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules to change the light transmission and orientation, and a conventional liquid crystal shutter can be used, but is usually electrically switched.
- the liquid crystal layer is composed of a laminate in which both surfaces of the liquid crystal layer are laminated with the first and second absorption-type polarizing layers.
- the transmittance with respect to the second absorption-type liquid crystal layer is adjusted by changing the alignment direction of the polarization in the liquid crystal layer with respect to the polarization transmitted through the first absorption-type polarization layer.
- the transmission axes of the first and second absorption-type polarizing layers may be either parallel or vertical, and can be selected by adjusting the alignment size in the liquid crystal layer according to the desired degree of dimming.
- the absorptive polarizing layer exemplified in the section of the absorptive polarizing layer constituting the polarizing laminate can be used.
- the liquid crystal shutter is usually laminated in contact with the diffusive polarizing layer of the polarizing laminate, and a liquid crystal shutter having a three-layer structure may be laminated on the absorbing polarizing layer constituting the polarizing laminate.
- the absorbing polarizing layer to be configured may also serve as the absorbing polarizing layer (second absorbing polarizing layer) of the liquid crystal shutter.
- the translucent screen of the present invention may be prepared by laminating only a diffusive polarizing layer on a commercially available liquid crystal shutter.
- the apparent light control layer comprises the first absorption polarizing layer and the liquid crystal layer. And a two-layer structure.
- liquid crystal constituting the liquid crystal layer examples include nematic liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, cholesteric liquid crystal, and discotic liquid crystal. Of these, nematic liquid crystal and cholesteric liquid crystal are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent alignment by an electric field.
- the liquid crystal shutter may be, for example, a liquid crystal shutter described in JP-A-5-88209, JP-T-11-514457, JP-A-2002-268069, or the like.
- the thickness (average thickness) of the light control layer is 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 30 to 300 ⁇ m.
- Each layer (for example, the diffusion-type polarizing layer and the absorption-type polarizing layer) of the laminate may be laminated via a transparent adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layer may be formed of a transparent binder resin that can integrate both layers. Examples of the transparent binder resin include a conventional adhesive resin or adhesive resin.
- adhesive resins examples include thermoplastic resins (polyolefins, cyclic polyolefins, acrylic resins, styrene resins, vinyl acetate resins, polyesters, polyamides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, etc.), and thermosetting resins (epoxy resins, phenol resins).
- thermoplastic resins polyolefins, cyclic polyolefins, acrylic resins, styrene resins, vinyl acetate resins, polyesters, polyamides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, etc.
- thermosetting resins epoxy resins, phenol resins
- Polyurethane unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester resin, diallyl phthalate resin, polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, urethane (meth) acrylate, silicone (meth) acrylate, silicone resin, amino resin, cellulose derivative and the like.
- These adhesive resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the adhesive resin examples include terpene resin, rosin resin, petroleum resin, rubber adhesive, modified polyolefin, acrylic adhesive, and silicone adhesive. These adhesive resins may have a crosslinkable group (an isocyanate group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, an epoxy group, a methylol group, an alkoxysilyl group, etc.). These binder components can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- acrylic adhesives and silicone adhesives are preferred from the viewpoint of excellent optical characteristics and handleability.
- acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive for example, a pressure-sensitive adhesive composed of an acrylic copolymer mainly composed of a C 2-10 alkyl ester of acrylic acid such as ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate or the like can be used.
- Examples of the copolymerizable monomer of the acrylic copolymer include (meth) acrylic monomers [for example, (meth) acrylic acid, methyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) ) Acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, etc.], polymerizable nitrile compound [eg (meth) acrylonitrile, etc.], unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof (Eg, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, etc.), vinyl esters (eg, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, etc.), aromatic vinyls (eg, styrene, etc.) and the like.
- acrylic monomers for example, (meth) acrylic acid, methyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl
- silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesive examples include a silicone rubber component [monofunctional R 3 SiO 1/2 (wherein, R represents an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an aryl group such as a phenyl group, etc., the same applies hereinafter). And MQ resin composed of tetrafunctional SiO 2 ] and a silicone resin component (bifunctional R 2 SiO alone or bifunctional R 2 SiO and monofunctional R 3 SiO 1/2 combined oily or gum) And the like can be used.
- the silicone rubber component may be cross-linked.
- the adhesive layer may contain a conventional additive exemplified in the section of the diffusive polarizing layer (for example, an ultraviolet absorber).
- a conventional additive exemplified in the section of the diffusive polarizing layer (for example, an ultraviolet absorber).
- the thickness (average thickness) of the adhesive layer is, for example, about 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 80 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 70 ⁇ m (particularly 5 to 50 ⁇ m).
- the diffusing polarizing layer and the absorbing polarizing layer are laminated with their transmission axes substantially parallel. Therefore, the linearly polarized light that is irradiated from the absorbing polarizing layer side and transmitted through the absorbing polarizing layer can be transmitted through the diffusing polarizing layer with high transmittance, and is irradiated from the diffusing polarizing layer side.
- the linearly polarized light generated by passing through the layer can also be transmitted through the absorbing polarizing layer with high transmittance, and the projector image can be projected onto the diffusing polarizing layer, so the background from the diffusing polarizing layer side and the absorbing polarizing layer side (Outside scene) can be clearly seen, and the image projected from the projector onto the screen can be clearly seen.
- the polarizing laminate has a high total light transmittance of linearly polarized light substantially parallel to the transmission axis, and when linearly polarized light substantially parallel to the transmission axis is incident from the side of the absorbing polarizing layer (perpendicular to the plane of the absorbing polarizing layer).
- the total light transmittance may be 80% or more, for example, 80 to 99%, preferably 82 to 98%, more preferably about 85 to 95%. If this total light transmittance is too small, the luminance of the linearly polarized light that is transmitted decreases, and the visibility of the background decreases. Further, when used as a transmissive screen, the brightness of the image projected from the projector is lowered, and the clarity of the image is lowered.
- the diffuse light transmittance is 50% or less. From the viewpoint that the visibility of the background can be improved, for example, it is 25% or less (for example, 0.1 to 25%), preferably 1 to 20%, more preferably 5 to 18% (particularly 10 to 15). %) Degree. If the diffused light transmittance is too large, the scattering of the linearly polarized light that is transmitted increases, and the sharpness of the background decreases.
- the diffused light transmittance when used for a transmissive screen, is preferably 10% or more (particularly about 15 to 25%). If the diffused light transmittance is too small, the front luminance is lowered and the projected image is reduced. Visibility is reduced.
- the reflectance of linearly polarized light in the direction substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis is high, and when the linearly polarized light substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis is incident,
- the reflectivity may be 50% or more, for example, 60% or more (for example, 60 to 95%), preferably 65 to 90%, more preferably about 70 to 85% (particularly 75 to 85%). May be.
- the reflectance of linearly polarized light substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis is high, when light from a projector (particularly linearly polarized light substantially perpendicular to the transmission axis) is incident from the diffusion polarizing layer side, When used as a reflective screen, the visibility of the projected image of the projector can be improved.
- the polarizing laminate includes other functional layers, such as other polarizing layers, antiglare layers, antireflection layers, antistatic layers, hard coat layers, wavelength correction layers, low refractive index layers, high refractive index layers, light absorption.
- a layer (dye-containing layer), a retardation layer, or the like may be laminated.
- the polarizing laminate of the present invention may be a laminate that does not include a retardation plate.
- the thickness (average thickness) of the polarizing laminate is, for example, about 100 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 150 to 800 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 180 to 500 ⁇ m (particularly 200 to 300 ⁇ m).
- the polarizing laminate of the present invention has such a thin structure because it has a simple structure in which a specific diffusing polarizing layer and an absorbing polarizing layer are combined, and polarization can be controlled without using a retardation plate.
- a translucent screen both the projected image and the transmitted image can be realized with excellent visibility.
- the translucent (semi-transmissive) projector screen of the present invention is a translucent screen that includes at least the polarizing laminate, is transparent, and displays an image projected from the projector. Furthermore, the translucent projector screen of the present invention is a reflective screen that projects an image from the projector from the diffusing polarizing layer side (that is, the diffusing polarizing layer is disposed on the projector side and is observed from the diffusing polarizing layer side).
- a screen on which a person visually recognizes the projection image of the projector), or a transmission type screen on which an image from the projector is projected from the diffusing polarizing layer side (that is, the diffusing polarizing layer is disposed on the projector side, and the absorbing polarizing layer side) Can be used as a screen for an observer to visually recognize the projected image of the projector.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the function of a polarizing laminate in a projection system equipped with a reflective translucent projector screen and a projector according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diffusing type in the polarizing laminate of FIG. It is a model perspective view which shows the relationship between the phase-separation structure of a polarizing layer, and the optical path of the emitted light from a projector.
- the polarizing laminate 1 includes an absorptive polarizing layer 2 and a diffusing polarizing layer 3, and the absorptive polarizing layer 2 side is an outside scene (background).
- a projector 4 is provided on the side, and an observer 5 can visually recognize an image projected from the projector 4 onto the diffusive polarizing layer 3. From the projector 4, linearly polarized light P3 having a vibration surface substantially parallel to the scattering axis of the diffusive polarizing layer is emitted at an incident angle ⁇ .
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the optical path in which the linearly polarized light P3 emitted from the projector 4 is reflected by the diffusive polarizing layer 3 and the phase separation structure (sheet stretching direction) of the diffusing polarizing layer 3.
- the diffusive polarizing layer 3 is a uniaxially stretched film that includes an elongated dispersed phase 3a and has an anisotropic light diffusing function, and is disposed such that the longitudinal direction of the elongated dispersed phase 3a is the direction of gravity. ing.
- the diffused polarized light is incident at an incident angle ⁇ where the linearly polarized light P ⁇ b> 3 exceeds 0 ° in the plane direction perpendicular to the stretching direction of the stretched film (longitudinal direction of the elongated dispersed phase 3 a). It is arranged so as to be incident on the layer 3. Therefore, since the linearly polarized light P3 can be selectively diffused in the horizontal direction by the diffusing polarizing layer 3, the viewing angle characteristics of the screen can be improved.
- the reflected light P4 of the linearly polarized light P3 is reflected at a wide range of angles, and even if the linearly polarized light P3 is incident on the diffusing polarizing layer 3 at a wide incident angle, the normal direction perpendicular to the screen ( A clear image can also be visually recognized even by the observer 5 who visually recognizes from the direction of the broken arrow.
- the outside scene can be observed by outside light (non-polarized light such as natural light).
- outside light non-polarized light such as natural light
- the linearly polarized light P1 substantially parallel to the transmission axis passes through the absorption-type polarizing layer 2 and further passes through the diffusion-type polarizing layer 3 whose transmission axis coincides with the absorption-type polarizing layer 2 and is visually recognized by the observer 5.
- the linearly polarized light P ⁇ b> 2 that is substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the absorption polarizing layer 2 is absorbed by the absorption polarizing layer 2.
- linearly polarized light P2 is scattered in the diffusive polarizing layer 3 to generate haze, and the visibility of the outside scene is not deteriorated. Further, among the linearly polarized light P3 emitted from the projector 4, linearly polarized light (not shown) that is transmitted without being reflected by the diffusive polarizing layer 3 is also absorbed by the absorptive polarizing layer 2, and haze generation can be suppressed. , Visibility of the outside scene can be improved.
- the side where the projector 4 is not disposed can make adjustments so that the projected image is hardly visible.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the function of the polarizing laminate in the projection system including the transmission type translucent projector screen and the projector according to the present invention.
- the relationship between the phase separation structure of the diffusive polarizing layer and the position where the projector is disposed is the same as that in FIG. 2 for the reflective translucent projector screen.
- the polarizing laminate 11 includes an absorptive polarizing layer 12 and a diffusing polarizing layer 13, and the absorptive polarizing layer 12 side is an outside scene (background), and diffused.
- a projector 14 is disposed on the mold polarizing layer 13 side.
- the image projected from the projector 14 onto the diffusive polarizing layer 3 is intended to be viewed by an observer 16 on the side (outdoor) where the projector 14 is not disposed. Yes.
- the projector 14 emits linearly polarized light P13 having a vibration surface substantially parallel to the transmission axis of the diffusive polarizing layer at an incident angle ⁇ .
- the linearly polarized light P13 is disposed so as to be incident on the diffusive polarizing layer 13 at an incident angle ⁇ exceeding 0 °.
- the linearly polarized light P13 is diffused. The light passes through the polarizing layer 13. Since the linearly polarized light P13 has a vibration surface substantially parallel to the transmission axis of the diffusive polarizing layer, the scattering angle is smaller than that of the reflective screen. The light is emitted from the polarizing laminate 11 as polarized light P14.
- the linearly polarized light P14 transmitted through the absorptive polarizing layer 12 whose transmission axis coincides with the diffusive polarizing layer 13 has a predetermined front luminance with respect to the outdoor viewer 16 and the visibility is improved.
- the projector 14 receives linearly polarized light at a predetermined angle ⁇ , so that reflection of the light source of the projector 14 is suppressed.
- the observer 16 can observe the indoor landscape (state) with room light (artificial light, natural light, etc.). That is, of the indoor light, linearly polarized light P15 substantially parallel to the transmission axis of the diffusing polarizing layer 13 is transmitted while being scattered through the diffusing polarizing layer 13 (scattering is not shown), and The light is visible to the viewer 16 through the absorption polarizing layer 12 having the same transmission axis.
- the linearly polarized light P16 having a vibration plane substantially parallel to the absorption axis of the diffusive polarizing layer 13 is partially diffused and reflected forward by the diffusing polarizing layer 13 and the remaining polarized light is transmitted and scattered backward. , And is absorbed by the absorption-type polarizing layer 12. Therefore, the linearly polarized light P ⁇ b> 16 having a large scattering angle does not generate haze and does not deteriorate the visibility with respect to the indoor landscape.
- the linearly polarized light P14 emitted from the projector 14 coincides with the transmission axis of the diffusing polarizing layer 13
- the linearly polarized light P14 passes through the diffusing polarizing layer 13 and does not reflect. Therefore, the viewer 15 on the side where the projector 14 is not disposed (outdoor) can hardly see the image projected from the projector onto the screen.
- the observer 15 transmits linearly polarized light P11 substantially parallel to the transmission axis of the absorptive polarizing layer 12 through the absorptive polarizing layer 12, as in the reflective screen shown in FIG.
- the light emitted from the projector may contain light that is reflected or transmitted by the diffusing polarizing layer and scattered, and the scattering axis or transmission axis of the diffusing polarizing layer. It is not limited to linearly polarized light parallel to the light, but may be non-polarized light such as natural light or other polarized light (circularly polarized light, elliptically polarized light), but it is a diffusion type because it can improve the visibility of the projected image and outside scene of the projector. Linearly polarized light substantially parallel to the scattering axis or transmission axis of the polarizing layer is preferred.
- the reflective screen and the transmissive screen can be used properly according to the situation by appropriately changing the type of linearly polarized light emitted from the projector.
- linearly polarized light in order to strictly distinguish between the reflective type and the transmissive type (in order to be able to see the projected image only from one side), it is desirable to use linearly polarized light.
- the projection direction of the projector is not particularly limited, and the incident angle ⁇ of the linearly polarized light component may be 0 ° with respect to the screen.
- the projection system can be reduced in the reflective screen, and the projector light source in the transmissive screen.
- the incidence at a wide angle is preferable from the viewpoint that the reflection can be suppressed.
- the diffusive polarizing layer has diffuse reflection characteristics or diffuse transmission characteristics, visibility can be ensured even when incident at a wide angle.
- the visibility can be improved even when light is incident at a wide incident angle, so that light emitted from the projector is 0 in a plane direction perpendicular to the stretching direction.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the linearly polarized light component is, for example, to absorb the linearly polarized light component scattered backward and make the projected image almost invisible from the side where the projector is not disposed. , 85 ° or less (for example, 10 to 85 °), preferably 30 to 80 °, more preferably about 45 to 75 ° (particularly 50 to 70 °).
- the incident angle ⁇ of the linearly polarized light component is, for example, 80 ° or less (eg, 5 to 80 °), preferably 10 to 60 °, in order to prevent reflection of the projector light source. Preferably, it may be about 15 to 45 °.
- the illuminance on the inside and outside with the translucent projector screen as a boundary and the illuminance of the projector are adjusted to improve the visibility of both the image projected from the projector and the transmitted image. Also good.
- the method of adjusting the illuminance can be selected according to the type of projection system.
- a projection system including a reflective screen the visibility of a projected image and a transmitted image (outside scene) can be compatible by adjusting the illuminance of external light transmitted through the translucent screen and the illuminance of the projector.
- the difference (absolute value) between the illuminances of the two is preferably adjusted to, for example, 1000 lux or less, preferably 800 lux or less, more preferably 600 lux or less (particularly 500 lux or less).
- a method for adjusting the illuminance a method for adjusting the illuminance of the projector, a method using a polarizing laminate including a light control layer, and the like can be used.
- a method of using a polarizing laminate including a light control layer is preferable because it can cope with the illuminance of external light having a large illuminance such as sunlight.
- the illuminance in the projector-side room or in the vehicle may also be adjusted using artificial light depending on the purpose, but in terms of improving the visibility of the projected image and the transmitted image, a lower one is preferable. It may be less than the illuminance of outside light or the illuminance of the projector.
- the artificial light may be adjusted to an appropriate illuminance in an application where a viewer outside the vehicle or outside the vehicle visually recognizes the scenery inside or inside the vehicle.
- the difference (absolute value) between the illuminance in the projector-side room or in the vehicle and the illuminance of the outside light or the illuminance of the projector is, for example, 1500 lux or less, preferably 1200 lux or less, more preferably 1000 lux or less ( In particular, it may be 800 lux or less.
- a projection system equipped with a transmissive screen it is possible to achieve both visibility of the projected image by adjusting the illuminance of outdoor light such as natural light and artificial light to be close to the illuminance of the projector.
- the difference (absolute value) between the illuminances of the two is preferably adjusted to, for example, 1000 lux or less, preferably 800 lux or less, more preferably 600 lux or less (particularly 500 lux or less).
- a method for adjusting the illuminance a method for adjusting the illuminance of the projector, a method using a polarizing laminate including a light control layer, and the like can be used. Of these methods, the method of adjusting the illuminance of the projector is preferable.
- the illuminance inside the projector and inside the vehicle can also be adjusted using artificial light.
- the difference (absolute value) between the illuminances of the two may be, for example, 1000 lux or less, preferably 800 lux or less, more preferably 600 lux or less (particularly 500 lux or less).
- PEN resin Polyethylene naphthalate, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd., “Teonex TN8065S”, viscosity at 270 ° C. and shear rate of 10 sec ⁇ 1 : 1578 Pa ⁇ s
- PC resin bisphenol A type polycarbonate, manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd., “medium viscosity product Iupilon S-2000”, viscosity average molecular weight 18000-20000, MFR 10 g / 10 min, viscosity at 270 ° C.
- Absorption type polarizing plate Iodine type polarizing plate, “Polarizing film” manufactured by Kennis Co., Ltd.
- OCA adhesive sheet acrylic adhesive, “LUCIACS (registered trademark) CS9621T” manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation
- Liquid crystal shutter “Optical Shutter” manufactured by LC-TEC, whose liquid crystal layer is nematic liquid crystal Neutral density filter: “ND10” manufactured by Sigma Koki Co., Ltd.
- Polarization measuring device “NDH-300A” manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.
- Scattering angle measuring device “Variable photometer GP200” manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Twin screw extruder: “PCM30” manufactured by Ikekai Tekko Co., Ltd. Small press: “Mini Test Press 10” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. Tensile tester: “Tensilon UCT-5T” manufactured by Orientec Co., Ltd. Short-focus projector: “EB485W” manufactured by Seiko Epson Corporation Illuminance meter: “ILLUMINANCE METER T-10” manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. LCD projector: “EB-X8” manufactured by Seiko Epson Corporation Mobile projector: “400-PRJ018W” manufactured by Sanwa Supply Co., Ltd.
- total light transmittance 1 ⁇ total light transmittance
- total light reflectance 1 ⁇ total light transmittance
- the light transmittance and the parallel light transmittance were measured, and all the cases where the stretching direction (scattering axis) of the diffusive polarizing layer and the transmission axis of the absorbing polarizing plate were matched (“scattering axis” in Table 1). The light transmittance was measured and the total light reflectance was calculated.
- the cross section of the diffusive polarizing layer is observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the major axis length and minor axis length of the elongated dispersed phase are measured with respect to five dispersed phases, the average is added, and the average aspect ratio is calculated. Calculated.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the illuminance measurement was measured indoors in front of a window assuming the installation of a screen. Specifically, the outdoor illuminance (illuminance through the window) is measured by pointing the sensor of the illuminometer to the outside of the window to measure the illuminance of outside light through the window. The illuminance in the room inside the window was measured by measuring the sensor of the illuminometer toward the inside of the window.
- Example 1 Using a twin-screw extruder, 10 parts by weight of PEN resin as the resin constituting the dispersed phase and 90 parts by weight of the PC resin as the resin constituting the continuous phase were melt-kneaded at a cylinder temperature of 280 ° C., extruded, cooled. A pellet was prepared. A press sheet having a thickness of 350 ⁇ m was produced by press-molding the obtained pellets for 3 minutes at a pressure of 270 ° C. and 10 MPa using a small press machine. The obtained sheet was cut into a width of 40 mm and a length of 70 mm, and preheated at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes at 150 ° C.
- the film was heat treated at 165 ° C. for 3 minutes while being held on the chuck, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature to obtain a stretched film.
- the long axis length of the dispersed phase was 1.5 ⁇ m
- the short axis length was 0.5 ⁇ m
- the average aspect ratio was 3.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of measuring the variable angle luminance (vertical axis: relative value of luminance with respect to the scattering angle of 45 °, horizontal axis: angle) for the obtained stretched film (diffuse polarizing layer).
- variable angle luminance vertical axis: relative value of luminance with respect to the scattering angle of 45 °, horizontal axis: angle
- high luminance is shown over a wide angle range, and high luminance is also shown at the front (0 °).
- the obtained stretched film and the absorptive polarizing plate were laminated through an OCA pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet with their transmission axes parallel to each other to obtain a polarizing laminate.
- Example 2 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a press sheet having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m was produced by press molding.
- Example 3 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a press sheet having a thickness of 550 ⁇ m was produced by press molding.
- Example 4 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a press sheet having a thickness of 800 ⁇ m was produced by press molding.
- Example 5 The ratio of PEN resin and PC resin was changed to 5 parts by weight of PEN resin and 95 parts by weight of PC resin, a press sheet having a thickness of 650 ⁇ m was produced by press molding, and the obtained sheet was preheated at 165 ° C. for 5 minutes. Thereafter, a stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film was stretched 3.0 times at a tensile speed of 500 mm / min.
- Example 6 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the press sheet was stretched 3.5 times.
- Example 7 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the press sheet was stretched 4.0 times.
- Example 8 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the press sheet was stretched 4.5 times.
- Example 9 A stretched film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a press sheet having a thickness of 650 ⁇ m was prepared and the obtained sheet was preheated at 165 ° C. for 5 minutes and then stretched 3.0 times at a pulling speed of 500 mm / min. And the polarizing laminated body was manufactured.
- Example 10 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the press sheet was stretched 3.5 times.
- the long axis length of the dispersed phase of the stretched film was 3.2 ⁇ m
- the short axis length was 0.4 ⁇ m
- the average aspect ratio was 8.
- Example 11 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the press sheet was stretched 4.0 times.
- Example 12 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the press sheet was stretched 4.5 times.
- Example 13 The ratio of the PEN resin and the PC resin was changed to 20 parts by weight of the PEN resin and 80 parts by weight of the PC resin, a press sheet having a thickness of 650 ⁇ m was produced by press molding, and the obtained sheet was preheated at 165 ° C. for 5 minutes. Thereafter, a stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film was stretched 3.0 times at a tensile speed of 500 mm / min.
- Example 14 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the press sheet was stretched 3.5 times.
- Example 15 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the press sheet was stretched 4.0 times.
- Example 16 A stretched film and a polarizing laminate were produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the press sheet was stretched 4.5 times.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the blended composition, diffusion temperature and magnification, thickness before and after stretching, polarization and scattering characteristics of the stretched film (diffusive polarizing layer) obtained in the examples.
- the diffusive deflection layer of the example shows high transmission on the transmission axis and high reflection on the scattering axis.
- the absorption-type polarizing layer was disposed on the light source side, and the total light transmittance was measured using a polarization measuring device. As a result, it was 85%. Further, the diffusion type polarizing layer of the polarizing laminate obtained in Example 1 is arranged on the light source side, and the absorption parallel plate is arranged so that the transmission axis thereof is substantially parallel to the extending direction of the diffusion type polarizing layer. And when it was arrange
- a projection test was performed on the polarizing laminates obtained in Examples 1 to 16 using a short focus type projector. Specifically, the polarizing laminate is used as a screen (screen size 1.5 ⁇ 0.9 m), a diffusive polarizing layer is provided on the projector side, and a wide range of linearly polarized light from 0 to 60 ° ( ⁇ in FIG. 2). The image was projected so as to be distributed.
- the polarizing laminate when used as a reflective projector screen (the linearly polarized vibrating surface and the scattering axis of the diffusing polarizing layer are substantially parallel), when used as a transmissive projector screen (with a linearly polarized vibrating surface and In both cases, the transmission axis of the diffusive polarizing layer was almost parallel), and the image could be projected with good color reproducibility and without uneven brightness, and the scenery on the opposite side could be clearly seen.
- Example 17 The polarizing laminate obtained in Example 1 was disposed on the window with the diffusing polarizing layer disposed on the light source side (inside the room).
- the illuminance outside the window is 9400 lux (lx)
- the indoor illuminance is 1000 lux inside the window
- the outdoor illuminance is 3700 lux after placing the translucent screen formed of the polarizing laminate
- the indoor illuminance is 1000 lux.
- the image on the screen could not be seen.
- the illuminance of the image is set to about 200 lux using a mobile projector.
- the projected image and the outside scene could be seen at the same time.
- Example 18 The polarizing laminate obtained in Example 1 was disposed on the window with the diffusing polarizing layer disposed on the light source side (inside the room).
- an LCD projector is used to project an image with an illuminance of 3400 lux during the daytime when the illuminance is 17000 lux outdoors and the illuminance is 1300 lux indoors (outdoor illuminance 6800 lux after placing a translucent screen, indoor illuminance 1300 lux).
- the projected image could not be visually recognized.
- the illuminance of the image is set to about 200 lux using a mobile projector.
- the projected image and the outside scene could be seen at the same time.
- Example 19 The diffusion-type polarizing layer obtained in Example 1 and the liquid crystal shutter are laminated through an OCA adhesive sheet in a state where the transmission axis of the absorption-type polarizing layer of the liquid crystal shutter and the transmission axis of the diffusion-type polarizing layer are parallel to each other. Thus, a polarizing laminate was obtained. The obtained polarizing laminate was disposed on the window with the diffusive polarizing layer disposed on the light source side (inside the room).
- the outdoor illumination is 17000 lux and the indoor illumination is 1300 lux
- the outdoor illumination is controlled to 1400 lux by the dimming layer, and the projected image is projected with an illuminance of 1100 lux using a mobile projector.
- the outside view at the same time.
- the outdoor illuminance remained at 1400 lux and the room illuminance was adjusted to 500 lux, the visibility was further improved.
- the outdoor illumination is controlled to 120 lux by adjusting the dimming amount of the light control layer (fully open), and the image is displayed using a mobile projector.
- the image was projected with the illuminance adjusted to about 200 lux, the projected image and the outside scene could be seen at the same time.
- the visibility was further improved.
- the room illuminance was increased to 900 lux by increasing the illuminance, the visibility of the outside scene decreased.
- Example 19 although a mobile projector with lower power consumption than that in Example 18 was used, by incorporating a liquid crystal shutter, visibility was excellent even in daytime conditions.
- Example 20 The polarizing laminate and the neutral density filter obtained in Example 1 were laminated through an OCA pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet so that the absorption polarizing layer and the neutral density filter of the polarizing laminate were in contact with each other. Obtained. The obtained polarizing laminate was disposed on the window with the diffusive polarizing layer disposed on the light source side (inside the room).
- the illuminance from outside is controlled to 1700 lux by the light control layer, and the image is projected at an illuminance of 1100 lux using a mobile projector.
- the image and the outside scene were visible at the same time.
- the polarizing laminate of the present invention includes various projectors such as OHP (overhead projector), slide projector, CRT (cathode tube display device) type projector (CRT projector, etc.), light valve type projector [liquid crystal projector, digital light Translucent screens for displaying projected images such as processing (DLP) projectors, liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) projectors, grating light valve (GLP) projectors, etc.], eg window displays, head-up displays (HUD), head mountain display (HMD), etc., especially when the light emitted from the projector is incident on the screen at a wide incident angle Because it can express recognition, even if it is a short focus projector screen with a large incident angle, for example, HUD, HMD, or transmissive screen, the reflection of the projector light source can be suppressed and a clear image can be projected. It is particularly useful for displays such as digital signage, augmented reality applications, vehicle window displays such as cars, trains and buses.
- OHP overhead projector
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Abstract
Description
本発明の偏光積層体は、透明であり、かつプロジェクターから投影された映像を表示するための半透明(半透過型)プロジェクタースクリーンに含まれる偏光積層体であって、拡散型偏光層と吸収型偏光層とを含む。
拡散型偏光層は、入射した自然光を偏光可能であるとともに、自然光のうち、一方の直線偏光成分を他方の直線偏光成分よりも大きく拡散し、かつ小さく透過する直線偏光層であってもよく、第1の透明熱可塑性樹脂で形成された連続相と、この連続相と異なる屈折率を有する第2の透明熱可塑性樹脂で形成された分散相とを含む。
連続相を構成する第1の透明熱可塑性樹脂は、面内複屈折(縦方向と横方向との屈折率差の絶対値であって、特に、延伸フィルムの場合、延伸方向とこの延伸方向に対して垂直な方向との屈折率差の絶対値)が低いのが好ましく、面内複屈折は0.05未満、例えば、0~0.03、好ましくは0~0.02、さらに好ましくは0~0.01程度であってもよい。本発明では、このような連続相を面内複屈折の高い分散相と組み合わせることにより、高い偏光特性及び異方光拡散性を発現できる。なお、屈折率は、プリズムカップラー(メトリコン社製)を用いて、波長633nmで測定できる。
分散相は、前記連続相を構成する第1の透明熱可塑性樹脂に対して非相容であり、かつ拡散型偏光層中で連続相と異なる面内複屈折を発現できる透明熱可塑性樹脂であればよく、第1の透明熱可塑性樹脂として例示された透明熱可塑性樹脂の中から選択できる。分散相を構成する透明熱可塑性樹脂は、面内複屈折が0.05以上の透明熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。前記面内複屈折は、例えば、0.05~0.5、好ましくは0.1~0.4、さらに好ましくは0.15~0.3(特に0.2~0.25)程度である。第1の透明熱可塑性樹脂(例えば、ポリカーボネート)で連続相を構成し、かつ固有複屈折が大きい第2の透明熱可塑性樹脂で分散相を構成すると、低倍率の延伸で効果的に連続相と分散相との間に高度な屈折率差を発現でき、散乱特性及び偏光特性の高い拡散型偏光層を調製できる。
[式中、θは分散相の長軸と拡散型偏光層のX軸との間の角度を示し(長軸とX軸とが平行の場合、θ=0゜)、<cos2θ>は各分散相粒子について算出したcos2θの平均を示し、下記式で表される。
(式中、n(θ)は、全分散相中の角度θを有する分散相の割合(重率)を示す)]。
拡散型偏光層において、分散相は、連続相との界面において実質的に空隙(ボイド)を生じることなく、連続相と結合又は密着しているが、必要に応じて、相溶化剤を配合してもよい。相溶化剤を配合した場合、分散相が相溶化剤を介して連続相と結合又は密着してもよい。
拡散型偏光層は、入射した自然光を偏光可能であるとともに、自然光のうち、一方の直線偏光成分を他方の直線偏光成分よりも大きく拡散し、かつ小さく透過する機能を有していてもよい。特に、拡散型偏光層は、直線偏光に対する連続相と分散相との屈折率差が、フィルム面の縦方向(MD方向、長さ方向又は流れ方向、以下、「X軸方向」と称することがある)と横方向(CD方向又は幅方向、特に延伸方向に対して垂直な方向、以下、「Y軸方向」と称することがある)とで異なっている。従って、前記偏光層は、屈折率差が大きい方向の偏光は大きく散乱し、かつ小さく透過する特性を有し、一部の偏光が偏光層の前方に散乱するとともに、残りの偏光が偏光層の後方に散乱し、ほとんど吸収されない。また、屈折率差の小さい方向の偏光はほぼ透過する(小さく散乱し、かつ大きく透過する)特性を有する。すなわち、前記偏光層は、延伸フィルムの場合、延伸方向(例えば、X軸方向)の直線偏光(延伸方向に略平行な振動面を有する直線偏光)を大きく散乱し、延伸方向に対して垂直な方向の直線偏光(延伸方向に略垂直な振動面を有する直線偏光)を、X軸方向よりも小さく散乱するか又はほぼ散乱しない。
拡散型偏光層は、連続相を構成する透明熱可塑性樹脂中に、分散相を構成する透明熱可塑性樹脂を分散して配向させることにより得ることができる。例えば、2種類の透明熱可塑性樹脂と必要により相溶化剤などの添加剤とを、必要に応じて、慣用の方法(例えば、溶融ブレンド法、タンブラー法など)でブレンドし、溶融混合し、Tダイやリングダイなどから押出してフィルム成形することにより、連続相中に分散相を分散できる。溶融温度は、透明熱可塑性樹脂の融点以上が好ましく、樹脂の種類により異なるが、例えば、150~290℃、好ましくは200~260℃程度である。
吸収型偏光層としては、慣用の吸収型偏光板、例えば、二色性色素系偏光板、ポリエン系偏光板、ワイヤグリッド偏光板などを利用できる。これらのうち、偏光特性及び汎用性に優れる点から、二色性色素系偏光板が好ましい。二色性色素系偏光板は、二色性色素及び透明樹脂を含んでいる。
単体透過率={[Tp+To]/2}×100%
(式中、Tp;測定する偏光板の透過軸に平行な振動面を有する偏光を透過したときの透過率、To;測定する偏光板の透過軸に直交する振動面を有する偏光を透過したときの透過率である)。
偏光積層体は、屋外と室内又は車内との照度を調整し、投影像及び透過像の視認性を向上させるために、さらに調光層を含んでいてもよい。
積層体の各層(例えば、拡散型偏光層と吸収型偏光層と)は、透明な接着層を介して積層されていてもよい。接着層としては、両層を一体化可能な透明バインダー樹脂で形成されていればよい。透明バインダー樹脂としては、例えば、慣用の接着性樹脂又は粘着性樹脂などが例示できる。
偏光積層体において、拡散型偏光層と吸収型偏光層とは透過軸を略平行にして積層される。そのため、吸収型偏光層側から照射され、吸収型偏光層を透過して生成した直線偏光は、高い透過率で拡散型偏光層を透過でき、かつ拡散型偏光層側から照射され、拡散型偏光層を透過して生成した直線偏光も、高い透過率で吸収型偏光層を透過できるとともに、拡散型偏光層にプロジェクターの映像を投影できるため、拡散型偏光層側及び吸収型偏光層側から背景(外景)を鮮明に視認できるとともに、プロジェクターからスクリーンに投影された映像も鮮明に視認できる。
本発明の半透明(半透過型)プロジェクタースクリーンは、前記偏光積層体を少なくとも含み、透明であり、かつプロジェクターから投影された映像を表示するための半透明スクリーンである。さらに、本発明の半透明プロジェクタースクリーンは、プロジェクターからの映像を拡散型偏光層側から投影する反射型スクリーン(すなわち、拡散型偏光層がプロジェクター側に配設され、かつ拡散型偏光層側から観察者がプロジェクターの投影像を視認するスクリーン)、又はプロジェクターからの映像を拡散型偏光層側から投影する透過型スクリーン(すなわち、拡散型偏光層がプロジェクター側に配設され、かつ吸収型偏光層側から観察者がプロジェクターの投影像を視認するスクリーン)として利用できる。
本発明では、前記投影システムにおいて、半透明プロジェクタースクリーンを境界とする内外の照度とプロジェクターの照度とを調整し、プロジェクターから前記スクリーンに投影される映像及び透過像の双方の視認性を向上してもよい。
PEN樹脂:ポリエチレンナフタレート、帝人化成(株)製、「テオネックス TN8065S」、270℃及び剪断速度10sec-1における粘度:1578Pa・s
PC樹脂:ビスフェノールA型ポリカーボネート、三菱エンジニアリングプラスチック(株)製、「中粘度品 ユーピロンS-2000」、粘度平均分子量18000~20000、MFR10g/10分、270℃及び剪断速度10sec-1における粘度:681Pa・s
吸収型偏光板:ヨウ素系偏光板、ケニス(株)製「偏光フィルム」
OCA粘着シート:アクリル系粘着剤、日東電工(株)製「LUCIACS(登録商標)CS9621T」
液晶シャッター:液晶層の液晶がネマチック液晶であるLC-TEC社製「Optical Shutter」
減光フィルター:シグマ光機(株)製「ND10」
偏光測定装置:日本電色工業(株)製「NDH-300A」
散乱角測定装置:(株)村上色彩研究所製「変角光度計GP200」
二軸押出機:池貝鉄工(株)製「PCM30」
小型プレス機:(株)東洋精機製作所製「ミニテストプレス10」
引張試験機:(株)オリエンテック製「テンシロンUCT-5T」
短焦点型プロジェクター:セイコーエプソン(株)製「EB485W」
照度計:コニカミノルタ(株)製「ILLUMINANCE METER T-10」
LCDプロジェクター:セイコーエプソン(株)製「EB-X8」
モバイルプロジェクター:サンワサプライ(株)製「400-PRJ018W」。
偏光及び散乱特性の評価は、各実施例及び比較例で得られた延伸シート(拡散型偏光層)について評価した。すなわち、偏光測定装置を用いて、全光線については、JIS K7361-1に準じた手法で測定し、ヘイズ(拡散光線)については、JIS K7136に準じた手法で測定した。測定は、実施例及び比較例で得られた拡散型偏光層(延伸フィルム)と、光源との間に、実施例及び比較例で用いた吸収型偏光板を挿入し、光源を鉛直方向に偏光する直線偏光のみにして、拡散型偏光層の直線偏光に対する全光線透過率、拡散光線透過率、平行光線透過率、全光線反射率(全光線反射率=1-全光線透過率で計算した)を測定した。測定は、拡散型偏光層の延伸方向と直交する方向(透過軸)と、吸収型偏光板の透過軸とを一致させた場合(表1中の「透過軸」)の全光線透過率、拡散光線透過率、平行光線透過率を測定し、拡散型偏光層の延伸方向(散乱軸)と、吸収型偏光板の透過軸とを一致させた場合(表1中の「散乱軸」)の全光線透過率を測定し、全光線反射率を算出した。
散乱角測定装置を用いて、延伸方向に対して直交する面(透過軸に平行な面)方向において、拡散型拡散層の法線に対して45度の入射角で白色光を入射したときの変角輝度測定を行った。
拡散型偏光層の断面を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)により観察し、長尺状分散相の長軸長さと短軸長さを5個の分散相について測定し、加算平均し、平均アスペクト比を算出した。
照度は、照度計を用いて、室内において、スクリーンの設置を想定した窓の前で測定した。詳しくは、屋外の照度(窓越しの照度)は、照度計のセンサーを前記窓の外側に向けて計測することにより、窓越しの屋外からの外光の照度を測定し、室内の照度は、照度計のセンサーを前記窓の内側に向けて計測することにより、窓の内側の室内の照度を測定した。
分散相を構成する樹脂としてのPEN樹脂10重量部、連続相を構成する樹脂としてのPC樹脂90重量部を、二軸押出機を用いて、シリンダー温度280℃で溶融混練して押出し、冷却してペレットを作製した。小型プレス機を用いて、270℃、10MPaのプレス圧で、得られたペレットを3分間プレス成形することにより、厚み350μmのプレスシートを作製した。得られたシートを幅40mm、長さ70mmに切り出し、恒温ユニットを備えた引張試験機を用いて、チャック間50mmで、150℃で5分間予熱した後、引張速度250mm/分で1.5倍に延伸後、チャックに保持した状態で、3分間165℃で熱処理した後、室温に急冷し、延伸フィルムを得た。分散相の長軸長さは1.5μm、短軸長さは0.5μm、平均アスペクト比は3であった。
プレス成形により、厚み400μmのプレスシートを作製する以外は実施例1と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
プレス成形により、厚み550μmのプレスシートを作製する以外は実施例1と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
プレス成形により、厚み800μmのプレスシートを作製する以外は実施例1と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
PEN樹脂及びPC樹脂の割合をPEN樹脂5重量部及びPC樹脂95重量部に変更し、プレス成形により、厚み650μmのプレスシートを作製し、かつ得られたシートを、165℃で5分間予熱した後、引張速度500mm/分で3.0倍に延伸する以外は実施例1と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
プレスシートを3.5倍に延伸する以外は実施例5と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
プレスシートを4.0倍に延伸する以外は実施例5と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
プレスシートを4.5倍に延伸する以外は実施例5と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
厚み650μmのプレスシートを作製し、かつ得られたシートを、165℃で5分間予熱した後、引張速度500mm/分で3.0倍に延伸する以外は実施例1と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
プレスシートを3.5倍に延伸する以外は実施例9と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。延伸フィルムの分散相の長軸長さは3.2μm、短軸長さは0.4μm、平均アスペクト比は8であった。
プレスシートを4.0倍に延伸する以外は実施例9と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
プレスシートを4.5倍に延伸する以外は実施例9と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
PEN樹脂及びPC樹脂の割合をPEN樹脂20重量部及びPC樹脂80重量部に変更し、プレス成形により、厚み650μmのプレスシートを作製し、かつ得られたシートを、165℃で5分間予熱した後、引張速度500mm/分で3.0倍に延伸する以外は実施例1と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
プレスシートを3.5倍に延伸する以外は実施例13と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
プレスシートを4.0倍に延伸する以外は実施例13と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
プレスシートを4.5倍に延伸する以外は実施例13と同様にして、延伸フィルム及び偏光積層体を製造した。
実施例1で得られた偏光積層体を、拡散型偏光層を光源側(室内側)に配置して、窓に配設した。
窓越しの屋外の照度9400ルクス(lx)、窓の内側の室内の照度1000ルクス(前記偏光積層体で形成された半透明スクリーン配置後の屋外の照度3700ルクス、室内の照度1000ルクス)である昼間に、モバイルプロジェクターを用いて映像を1100ルクスの照度で投影したところ、スクリーンの映像(投影像)を視認できなかった。
一方、屋外の照度300ルクス、室内の照度300ルクス(半透明スクリーン配置後の屋外の照度120ルクス、室内の照度300ルクス)である夜間に、モバイルプロジェクターを用いて映像の照度を200ルクス程度に調整して映像を投影したところ、投影像と外景とを同時に視認できた。
実施例1で得られた偏光積層体を、拡散型偏光層を光源側(室内側)に配置して、窓に配設した。
屋外の照度9400ルクス、室内の照度1000ルクス(半透明スクリーン配置後の屋外の照度3700ルクス、室内の照度1000ルクス)である昼間に、LCDプロジェクターを用いて映像を3400ルクスの照度で投影したところ、投影像と外景とを同時に視認できた。
一方、屋外の照度300ルクス、室内の照度300ルクス(半透明スクリーン配置後の屋外の照度120ルクス、室内の照度300ルクス)である夜間に、モバイルプロジェクターを用いて映像の照度を200ルクス程度に調整して映像を投影したところ、投影像と外景とを同時に視認できた。
実施例1で得られた拡散型偏光層と液晶シャッターとを、液晶シャッターの吸収型偏光層の透過軸と拡散型偏光層との透過軸を平行にした状態で、OCA粘着シートを介してラミネートして、偏光積層体を得た。得られた偏光積層体を、拡散型偏光層を光源側(室内側)に配置して、窓に配設した。
屋外の照度9400ルクス、室内の照度1000ルクスである昼間に、調光層の減光量を調整することによって屋外の照度を1400ルクスにコントロールし、モバイルプロジェクターを用いて映像を1100ルクスの照度で投影したところ、投影像と外景とを同時に視認できた。さらに、同条件で、屋外の照度は1400ルクスのままで、室内照度を500ルクスに調整すると、視認性はより向上した。
一方、屋外の照度300ルクス、室内の照度300ルクスである夜間に、調光層の減光量を調整することによって(全開にして)屋外の照度を120ルクスにコントロールし、モバイルプロジェクターを用いて映像の照度を200ルクス程度に調整して映像を投影したところ、投影像と外景とを同時に視認できた。また、同条件で、屋外の照度は120ルクスのままで、蛍光灯の点灯数を減少して室内照度を150ルクスに調整すると、さらに視認性は向上したが、逆に、蛍光灯の点灯数を増加して室内照度を900ルクスに上昇させると、外景の視認性が低下した。
実施例1で得られた偏光積層体と減光フィルターとを、偏光積層体の吸収型偏光層と減光フィルターとが接触するように、OCA粘着シートを介してラミネートして、偏光積層体を得た。得られた偏光積層体を、拡散型偏光層を光源側(室内側)に配置して、窓に配設した。
屋外の照度9400ルクス、室内の照度1000ルクスである昼間に、調光層によって外からの照度を1000ルクスにコントロールし、モバイルプロジェクターを用いて映像を1100ルクスの照度で投影したところ、投影像と外景とを同時に視認できた。
一方、屋外の照度300ルクス、室内の照度300ルクスである夜間では、調光層により外からの照度が30ルクス程度となり、モバイルプロジェクターを用いて映像の照度を200ルクス程度に調整して映像を投影したものの、外景を視認できなかった。
Claims (21)
- 透明であり、かつプロジェクターから投影された映像を表示するための半透明プロジェクタースクリーンに含まれる偏光積層体であって、
拡散型偏光層と吸収型偏光層とを含み、
両層の透過軸が略平行であり、かつ
前記拡散型偏光層が、第1の透明熱可塑性樹脂で形成された連続相と、この連続相と異なる屈折率を有する第2の透明熱可塑性樹脂で形成された分散相とを含む偏光積層体。 - 拡散型偏光層が、入射した自然光を偏光可能であるとともに、自然光のうち、一方の直線偏光成分を他方の直線偏光成分よりも大きく拡散し、かつ小さく透過する請求項1記載の偏光積層体。
- 吸収型偏光層側から透過軸に略平行な直線偏光を入射したとき、全光線透過率が80%以上であり、かつ拡散光線透過率が25%以下である請求項2記載の偏光積層体。
- 吸収型偏光層側から透過軸に略垂直な直線偏光を入射したとき、全光線反射率が60%以上である請求項2又は3記載の偏光積層体。
- 拡散型偏光層が、延伸シートで形成され、連続相の面内複屈折が0.05未満であり、分散相の面内複屈折が0.05以上であり、かつ直線偏光に対する連続相と分散相との屈折率差が延伸方向とこの延伸方向に対して垂直な方向とで異なる請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の偏光積層体。
- 延伸方向における連続相と分散相との屈折率差の絶対値が0.1~0.3であり、かつ延伸方向に対して垂直な方向における連続相と分散相との屈折率差の絶対値が0.1以下である請求項5記載の偏光積層体。
- 連続相がポリカーボネートで形成され、かつ分散相がポリアルキレンナフタレート系樹脂で形成されている請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の偏光積層体。
- 分散相が平均アスペクト比2~200の長尺状であり、連続相中に前記分散相が略均一に分散し、かつ前記分散相の長軸方向が面方向と略平行な一定の方向に配向している請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の偏光積層体。
- 吸収型偏光層が、ヨウ素を含むビニルアルコール系樹脂の延伸シートで形成されている請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の偏光積層体。
- 拡散型偏光層と吸収型偏光層とが透明な接着層を介して積層している請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の偏光積層体。
- 入射光の光量に対して出射光の光量を減少可能な調光層をさらに含み、この調光層と拡散型偏光層との間に吸収型偏光層が介在している請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の偏光積層体。
- 調光層が、光量の減少量を調節可能である請求項11記載の偏光積層体。
- 反射型スクリーンに用いられる請求項11又は12記載の偏光積層体。
- 請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の偏光積層体を含む半透明プロジェクタースクリーン。
- プロジェクターからの映像を拡散型偏光層側から投影する反射型又は透過型スクリーンである請求項14記載の半透明プロジェクタースクリーン。
- 短焦点型プロジェクタースクリーンである請求項14又は15記載の半透明プロジェクタースクリーン。
- 請求項14~16のいずれかに記載の半透明プロジェクタースクリーン及びプロジェクターを備えた投影システム。
- 一軸延伸シートで形成された拡散型偏光層がプロジェクター側に配設され、かつ前記延伸シートの延伸方向に対して垂直な面方向において、プロジェクターからの投影光が0°を超える入射角でスクリーンに入射するようにプロジェクターが配設されている請求項17記載の投影システム。
- プロジェクターが、拡散型偏光層の透過軸に対して略垂直な振動面を有する直線偏光を出射可能であり、かつ半透明プロジェクタースクリーンが反射型スクリーンである請求項17又は18記載の投影システム。
- プロジェクターが、拡散型偏光層の透過軸に対して略平行な振動面を有する直線偏光を出射可能であり、かつ半透明プロジェクタースクリーンが透過型スクリーンである請求項17又は18記載の投影システム。
- 請求項17~20のいずれかに記載の投影システムにおいて、半透明プロジェクタースクリーンを境界とする内外の照度とプロジェクターの照度とを調整し、プロジェクターから前記スクリーンに投影される映像及び透過像の視認性を向上する方法。
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EP3358404A4 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2019-04-10 | AGC Inc. | VIDEO PROJECTION STRUCTURE AND VIDEO PROJECTION METHOD |
EP3358404B1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2022-03-16 | AGC Inc. | Image projection structure and image projection method |
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JPWO2017163291A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2019-01-10 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 透過スクリーン、投影システム、及び透過スクリーンの制御方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20150106442A (ko) | 2015-09-21 |
TW201435471A (zh) | 2014-09-16 |
US20150362728A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
JP2014197163A (ja) | 2014-10-16 |
CN104937456A (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
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