WO2014088108A1 - ルテニウム錯体及びその製造方法並びにルテニウム含有薄膜の作製方法 - Google Patents
ルテニウム錯体及びその製造方法並びにルテニウム含有薄膜の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014088108A1 WO2014088108A1 PCT/JP2013/082889 JP2013082889W WO2014088108A1 WO 2014088108 A1 WO2014088108 A1 WO 2014088108A1 JP 2013082889 W JP2013082889 W JP 2013082889W WO 2014088108 A1 WO2014088108 A1 WO 2014088108A1
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- 0 *c1ccc(*)[n]1 Chemical compound *c1ccc(*)[n]1 0.000 description 2
- SCNJGPVSCIWPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1C=C(C)C=C(C)C1 Chemical compound CC1C=C(C)C=C(C)C1 SCNJGPVSCIWPJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ruthenium complex useful as a raw material for producing a semiconductor element, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a ruthenium-containing thin film using the ruthenium complex.
- Ruthenium has features such as high conductivity, the ability to form a conductive oxide, high work function, excellent etching characteristics, and excellent lattice matching with copper. It attracts attention as a material for memory electrodes such as DRAM, gate electrodes, copper wiring seed layers / adhesion layers, and the like.
- memory electrodes such as DRAM, gate electrodes, copper wiring seed layers / adhesion layers, and the like.
- a highly minute and highly three-dimensional design is adopted for the purpose of further improving the storage capacity and responsiveness. Therefore, in order to use ruthenium as a material constituting the next generation semiconductor device, it is necessary to establish a technology for uniformly forming a ruthenium-containing thin film having a thickness of several nanometers to several tens of nanometers on a three-dimensional substrate. is needed.
- vapor deposition methods based on chemical reactions, such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It is considered promising. For example, when a metal ruthenium film is formed as a next-generation DRAM upper electrode using this vapor deposition method, a metal oxide such as ZrO 2 is used as a capacitor insulating film as a base, so that an oxidizing gas is used. Even if it forms into a film on the conditions to be used, it does not interfere.
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, or the like is expected to be used as a barrier metal for the underlayer.
- barrier metal is oxidized when ruthenium-containing thin films are produced, problems such as deterioration in barrier performance, poor conduction with transistors due to increased resistance, and reduced responsiveness due to increased capacitance between wires Occurs.
- a material that can produce a ruthenium-containing thin film even under conditions in which an oxidizing gas such as oxygen or ozone is not used is required.
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 include ( ⁇ 5 -2,4-dimethyl-1-oxa-2,4-pentadienyl) as a compound having a structure similar to the ruthenium complex (1a) of the present invention. ⁇ 5 -1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium and ( ⁇ 5 -2,4-di-tert-butyl-1-oxa-2,4-pentadienyl) ( ⁇ 5- 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium is described.
- Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that [Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 5 ) ( ⁇ 6 -C 6 H 6 )] [PF 6 ] is irradiated with [Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 5 ) in acetonitrile. ) (MeCN) 3 ] [PF 6 ] is described.
- Non-Patent Document 4 ruthenocene is reacted with aluminum chloride, aluminum, titanium chloride, naphthalene and potassium borofluoride to prepare an ⁇ 6 -naphthalene complex, and further reacted with acetonitrile to react with [Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 5 ) (MeCN) 3 ] [PF 6 ] is described.
- Non-patent document 5 describes [( ⁇ 5 -methylcyclopentadienyl) tris (acetonitrile) ruthenium] + as a cationic tris (nitrile) ruthenium complex having a monosubstituted cyclopentadienyl ligand.
- Non-Patent Document 7 discloses tricarbonyl ( ⁇ 4 -1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene) ruthenium (Ru) as a compound capable of producing a metal ruthenium thin film under the condition of using a reducing gas as a reaction gas. ( ⁇ 4 -C 8 H 8 ) (CO) 3 ), tricarbonyl ( ⁇ 4 -methyl-1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene) ruthenium (Ru ( ⁇ 4 -C 8 H 7 Me) ( CO) 3 ) and tricarbonyl ( ⁇ 4 -ethyl-1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene) ruthenium (Ru ( ⁇ 4 -C 8 H 7 Et) (CO) 3 ) are described. However, the resistivity of the metal ruthenium thin film produced using these compounds is as high as 93, 152 and 125 ⁇ ⁇ cm, respectively, which is hardly a practical material.
- Non-Patent Document 8 discloses (1-3: 5-6- ⁇ 5 -cyclooctadienyl) ( ⁇ 5 -2,3,4) as a compound having a structure similar to the ruthenium complex (2) of the present invention. , 5-tetramethylpyrrolyl) ruthenium (Ru (1-3: 5-6- ⁇ 5 -C 8 H 11 ) ( ⁇ 5 -NC 4 Me 4 )).
- ruthenium complex (2) of the present invention a compound having a structure similar to the ruthenium complex (2) of the present invention.
- Ru 1-3: 5-6- ⁇ 5 -C 8 H 11
- the synthesis method described in this document is di- ⁇ -chloro- ( ⁇ 4 -1,5-cyclooctadiene) ruthenium ([Ru ( ⁇ 4 -C 8 H 12 ) Cl 2 ] x ) and 2,3 , 4,5-tetramethylpyrrolyllithium is different from the production method of the present invention. Further, this document does not describe any use of this complex as a material for producing a ruthenium-containing thin film.
- Non-Patent Document 9 discloses ( ⁇ 5 -6-exo-methylcyclohexadienyl) ( ⁇ 5 -1,2,3,4,5) as a compound having a structure similar to the ruthenium complex (3) of the present invention. -Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium is described. However, what is described in this document is limited to complexes having ⁇ 5 -1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands. Further, this document does not describe any use of this complex as a material for producing a ruthenium-containing thin film.
- the present invention relates to a production method capable of producing a ruthenium-containing thin film under conditions using an oxidizing gas as a reaction gas and using a reducing gas as a reaction gas, a ruthenium complex useful as a material for the production method, and the It is an object to provide a method for producing a ruthenium complex.
- the inventors of the present invention produce a ruthenium-containing thin film under the condition that a specific ruthenium complex uses an oxidizing gas as a reactive gas or a reducing gas as a reactive gas.
- a specific ruthenium complex uses an oxidizing gas as a reactive gas or a reducing gas as a reactive gas.
- the present invention relates to a ruthenium complex represented by the general formula (A), more specifically, a ruthenium complex represented by the general formulas (1a), (2) and (3), a method for producing the ruthenium complex, and the ruthenium complex. And a semiconductor device using the ruthenium-containing thin film.
- T represents CR A or a nitrogen atom.
- U represents an oxygen atom or CH.
- R A , R B , R C , R D , R E , R F , R G , R H and R I are Each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 0, 1 or 3.
- the pentahaptodienyl ligand ⁇ represents a group in which m is 1 or 3. It has a cyclic structure and has an acyclic structure when m is 0. However, when m is 0, T is CR A , U is an oxygen atom, and R F and R G are alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R H and R I are hydrogen atoms, except that R A , R B , R C , R D and R E are all methyl groups at the same time, when m is 1, T is CR A U is CH and R I is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, but when R F , R G and R H are all hydrogen atoms at the same time, R A , R Except when B 1 , R C , R D , R E and R I are all methyl groups at the same time, when m is 3, T is a nitrogen atom, U is CH, R B and R C are from 1 to 6 is an alkyl group, R D , R E , R F and R G are hydrogen atoms, and R H and R I are hydrogen atoms or methyl groups).
- R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a and R 5a each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a and Except for the case where all R 5a are methyl groups at the same time, R 6a and R 7a each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 8 and R 9 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- N represents an integer of 0 to 2
- R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 and R 17 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 18 is carbon. Represents an alkyl group of 1 to 6, provided that when R 15 , R 16 and R 17 are all simultaneously hydrogen atoms, R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 and R 18 are all methyl groups at the same time. Except in cases.)
- Another aspect of the present invention is the general formula (4).
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 19 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Z ⁇ represents a counter anion
- a tris (nitrile) complex represented by the general formula (5)
- R 20 and R 21 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 6 and R 7 each independently represents 1 to 6 represents a ruthenium complex represented by (6).
- the novel ruthenium complex represented by the general formula (A) of the present invention more specifically, the ruthenium complex represented by the general formulas (1a), (2) and (3), and (1) and (
- a ruthenium complex represented by each formula of 3a) as a material, a ruthenium-containing thin film can be produced under conditions using an oxidizing gas or a reducing gas.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a CVD apparatus used in Examples 14 to 37, 40 to 45, 55 to 65, Evaluation Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10.
- FIG. 16 is an atomic force microscope (hereinafter, AFM) image of the film obtained in Example 15.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an AFM image of the film obtained in Example 27.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing an AFM image of the film obtained in Example 28.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an AFM image of the film obtained in Example 29.
- 6 is a diagram showing an AFM image of the film obtained in Example 31.
- FIG. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an AFM image of the film obtained in Example 33.
- 4 is an atomic force microscope (hereinafter, AFM) image of the film obtained in Example 41.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a cross-sectional FE-SEM image of the film obtained in Evaluation Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional FE-SEM
- the ruthenium complex of the present invention is a ruthenium complex represented by the general formula (A), among which the ruthenium complexes represented by the general formulas (1a), (2) and (3) are preferable.
- the ruthenium complex represented by the general formula (1a) corresponds to a subordinate concept of the ruthenium complex represented by the general formula (1).
- the ruthenium complex represented by the general formula (1a) does not include the case where R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a and R 5a are all methyl groups at the same time.
- the ruthenium complex represented by the general formula (1) includes a case where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are all methyl groups at the same time.
- R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a , R 5a , R 6a and R 7a in general formula (1a) will be described.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a and R 5a may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes methyl group, ethyl Group, propyl group, isopropyl group, cyclopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclobutyl group, pentyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, tert-pentyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclobutylmethyl group, hexyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 4-methylpentyl group, 1,1-dimethylbutyl group, 1, 2-dimethylbutyl group, 1,3-dimethylbutyl group, 2,
- R 1a is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in that the ruthenium complex (1a) of the present invention has vapor pressure and thermal stability suitable as a CVD material or an ALD material, and R 2a , R 3a , R 4a And R 5a is preferably a hydrogen atom, R 1a is a methyl group or an ethyl group, and R 2a , R 3a , R 4a and R 5a are more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 6a and R 7a may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, cyclo Propyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclo Butylmethyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3 -Dimethylbutyl group, 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, 2,3-dimethylbutyl group, 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, cyclohexane Si
- R 6a and R 7a are preferably methyl groups in that the ruthenium complex (1a) of the present invention has vapor pressure and thermal stability suitable for CVD materials and ALD materials. Specific examples of the ruthenium complex (1a) of the present invention are shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-6.
- Me, Et, Pr, i Pr, Bu, i Bu, s Bu, t Bu, Pe, c Pe and Hx are each a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec -Represents a butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a cyclopentyl group and a hexyl group.
- the ruthenium complex (1a) can be produced according to the following production method 1 of the ruthenium complex (1).
- Production method 1 is a method for producing ruthenium complex (1) by reacting cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) with enone derivative (5) in the presence of a base.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 and Z ⁇ represent the same meaning as described above.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 may be linear, branched or cyclic, specifically a methyl group, ethyl Group, propyl group, isopropyl group, cyclopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclobutyl group, pentyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, tert-pentyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclobutylmethyl group, hexyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 4-methylpentyl group,
- R 1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are preferably hydrogen atoms
- R 1 is a methyl group or an ethyl group. More preferably, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 6 and R 7 may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, cyclo Propyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclo Butylmethyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3 -Dimethylbutyl group, 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, 2,3-dimethylbutyl group, 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, cyclohexyl Group,
- ruthenium complex (1) examples include compounds shown in Table 2 in addition to 1a-1 to 1a-210 shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-6.
- 1a-1, 1a-2, 1a-3, 1a-4, 1a-5, 1a-6, 1a-7, 1a-8, 1a-9, 1a-10, 1a-11, and 1-12 are preferable in terms of vapor pressure and thermal stability suitable as a CVD material or an ALD material, and 1a-2 and 1a-3 are more preferable.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R 19 in the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- R 19 is preferably a methyl group.
- cation moiety of the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) include [tris (acetonitrile) ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II)] ([Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 5 ) (MeCN) 3]), [tris (acetonitrile) (eta 5 - cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II)] ([Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 MeH 4) (MeCN) 3]), [ tris (acetonitrile ) ( ⁇ 5 -ethylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II)] ([Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 EtH 4 ) (MeCN) 3 ]), [Tris (acetonitrile) ( ⁇ 5 -propylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II)] ([Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 PrH 4) (Me
- Examples of the counter anion Z ⁇ in the general formula (4) include those generally used as the counter anion of the cationic metal complex. Specifically, fluoro such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroaluminate ion (AlF 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- fluoro such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroaluminate ion (AlF 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- the counter anion Z - The BF 4 -, PF 6 - fluoro complex anion such as, CF 3 SO 3 -, MeSO 3 - is a monovalent acid ions such as preferred .
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 20 and R 21 in the general formula (5) may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group.
- enone derivatives (5) include 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one (mesityl oxide), 5-methylhex-4-en-3-one, 2-methylhept-2-ene-4- ON, 2,5-dimethylhex-4-en-3-one, 2-methyloct-2-en-4-one, 2,6-dimethylhept-2-en-4-one, 2,5-dimethylhepta -2-ene-4-one, 2,2,5-trimethylhex-4-en-3-one, 2-methylnon-2-ene-4-one, 2,5,5-trimethylhept-2-ene -4-one, 2-methyldec-2-en-4-one, 1-cyclohexyl-3-methylbut-2-en-1-one, 4-methylhex-3-en-2-one, 4-methylhepta-3 -En-2-one, 4,5-dimethylhex -3-en-2-one, 4-methyloct-3-en-2-one, 4,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-one, 4,5-didi
- Examples of the base that can be used in Production Method 1 include inorganic bases and organic bases.
- Examples of the inorganic base include alkali metal carbonates such as lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as lithium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate; magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate.
- Group 2 metal carbonate lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide and other typical metal hydroxides, lithium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, Typical metal hydrides such as magnesium hydride, calcium hydride and aluminum hydride, typical metal hydride complex compounds such as sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride, alkali metals such as lithium amide, sodium amide and lithium dialkylamide It can be exemplified such as bromide.
- the organic base examples include alkylamines such as diethylamine, triethylamine, diethylisopropylamine and tributylamine, cyclic amines such as pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine and 1,4-diazabicyclooctane, and pyridine.
- the base is preferably an alkali metal carbonate or alkylamine, more preferably lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or triethylamine, and particularly preferably lithium carbonate or triethylamine.
- the production method 1 is preferably carried out in an inert gas in that the yield of the ruthenium complex (1) is good.
- the inert gas include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and nitrogen gas, and argon or nitrogen gas is more preferable.
- the production method 1 is preferably carried out in an organic solvent in that the yield of the ruthenium complex (1) is good.
- the organic solvent include pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, petroleum ether and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, diethyl ether, diisopropyl Ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, cyclopentyl ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and other ketones, methanol, ethanol, propanol, Examples include alcohols such as isopropano
- organic solvents can be used alone, or a plurality of them can be mixed at an arbitrary ratio.
- organic solvent diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methanol and hexane are preferable because the yield of the ruthenium complex (1) is good.
- Examples of the method for obtaining the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) include the production methods described in Non-Patent Document 3 or Non-Patent Document 4 in addition to the production method 2 of the present invention described later.
- methods for obtaining the enone derivative (5) in addition to obtaining commercially available products, mention may be made of the production methods described in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, Vol. 402, page 17 (1991) and Japanese Patent No. 3649441. I can do it.
- the ruthenium complex (1) can be produced with good yield by using equimolar or more of the enone derivative (5) and the base with respect to 1 mol of the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4).
- the reaction temperature and reaction time are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can use general conditions for producing a metal complex.
- a ruthenium complex (1) can be produced with good yield by selecting a reaction time appropriately selected from a range of 10 minutes to 120 hours at a reaction temperature appropriately selected from a temperature range of ⁇ 80 ° C. to 120 ° C. I can do it.
- the ruthenium complex (1) produced by the production method 1 can be purified by appropriately selecting and using a general purification method when a person skilled in the art purifies a metal complex. Specific purification methods include filtration, extraction, centrifugation, decantation, distillation, sublimation, crystallization, and the like.
- the alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 1b in the general formula (4b) may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a cyclo Propyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclo Butylmethyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3 -Dimethylbutyl group, 2,2-dimethylbutyl
- R 1b is preferably an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and is preferably an ethyl group in that it is a raw material for the synthesis of a ruthenium complex (1) having vapor pressure and thermal stability that is particularly suitable as a CVD material or an ALD material. More preferably it is.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R 19b in the general formula (4b) may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and isopropyl. Examples thereof include a group, a cyclopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, and a cyclobutyl group.
- R 19b is preferably a methyl group in terms of good yield when used as a raw material for synthesis of the ruthenium complex (1).
- Examples of the counter anion Zb ⁇ in the general formula (4b) include those generally used as the counter anion of the cationic metal complex. Specifically, fluoro such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroaluminate ion (AlF 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- fluoro such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroaluminate ion (AlF 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- the counter anion Zb - The BF 4 -, PF 6 - fluoro complex anion such as, CF 3 SO 3 -, MeSO 3 - is a monovalent acid ions such as preferred .
- the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4b) can be produced according to the following production method 2 of the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4).
- Manufacturing process 2 a ruthenocene derivative (6) nitrile R 19 CN and protonic acid H + Z - is a method of making a cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) by reacting a.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X, R 19 and Z ⁇ are as defined above.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R 19 may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a cyclopropyl group, Examples thereof include a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, and a cyclobutyl group. From the viewpoint of good yield, R 21 is preferably a methyl group.
- nitriles include acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, cyclopropanecarbonitrile, pentonitrile, isopentyronitrile, 3-methylbutanenitrile, 2-methylbutanenitrile, pivalonitrile, cyclobutanecarboro.
- Nitrile and the like can be exemplified, and acetonitrile is preferable in terms of a good yield.
- ⁇ 5- (unsubstituted or substituted) cyclopentadienyl ligand, or ⁇ 5 Represents a -2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentadienyl ligand.
- ⁇ 5- (unsubstituted or substituted) cyclopentadienyl ligand include ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5 -methylcyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5- Ethylcyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5 -propylcyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5 -isopropylcyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5 -butylcyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5 -isobutylcyclo Pentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5- (sec-butyl) cyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5- (tert-butyl) cyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5 -pentylcyclopentadienyl ligand , ⁇ 5 - (cyclopentyl) cyclopentadien
- X eta 5 - is preferably a (unsubstituted or substituted) cyclopentadienyl ligands, eta 5 - cyclopentadienyl ligand, eta 5 More preferred are -methylcyclopentadienyl ligand and ⁇ 5 -ethylcyclopentadienyl ligand.
- ruthenocene derivative (6) include bis ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 Ru), bis ( ⁇ 5 -methylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium ( ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 MeH 4) 2 Ru), bis (eta 5 - ethyl cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 EtH 4 ) 2 Ru), bis (eta 5 - propyl cyclopentadienyl) Ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 PrH 4 ) 2 Ru), bis ( ⁇ 5 -isopropylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 i PrH 4 ) 2 Ru), bis ( ⁇ 5 -butylcyclopenta dienyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 BuH 4 ) 2 Ru), bis (eta 5 -
- ruthenocene derivative (6) that can be used as a raw material for the production method 2
- commercially available products can be used as they are, and Organic Synthesis, Vol. 41, page 96 (1961), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-2003.
- a compound synthesized according to a known method described in Japanese Patent No. 342286, Organometallics, Vol. 5, page 2321 (1986) can also be used.
- tetrafluoroborate (BF 4 - -) Z in the proton acid - producing method may be used in the 2 H + Z, hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 -) fluoro complex anion such as, trifluoperazine
- PF 6 - hexafluorophosphate ion
- fluoro complex anion such as, trifluoperazine
- examples include sulfonate ions such as lomethanesulfonate ion (CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ ), sulfate ion (SO 4 2 ⁇ ), hydrogen sulfate ion (HSO 4 ⁇ ), and halide ions such as chloride ion and bromide ion.
- the protonic acid include fluorocomplex acids such as tetrafluoroboric acid and hexafluorophosphoric acid; sulfonic acids such as sulfuric acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; and hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride. .
- the protonic acid may form a complex with an ether such as dimethyl ether or diethyl ether.
- Examples of the protonic acid forming the complex include a tetrafluoroboric acid dimethyl ether complex, a tetrafluoroboric acid diethyl ether complex, and a hexafluorophosphoric acid diethyl ether complex. From the viewpoint of good yield of the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4), tetrafluoroboric acid diethyl ether complex or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is preferred.
- a fluorocomplex acid generated in the reaction system by reacting a fluorocomplex anion-containing salt with a strong acid can also be used.
- the fluoro complex anion-containing salt that can be used in this case include ammonium tetrafluoroborate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, potassium tetrafluoroborate, ammonium hexafluorophosphate, hexafluorophosphorus.
- Examples include lithium acid, sodium hexafluorophosphate, and potassium hexafluorophosphate.
- strong acids examples include sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen bromide.
- fluoro complex acid examples include tetrafluoroboric acid and hexafluorophosphoric acid. It is preferable to use either ammonium tetrafluoroborate, sodium tetrafluoroborate or ammonium hexafluorophosphate mixed with sulfuric acid in terms of high cost merit and good yield.
- the molar ratio of ruthenocene derivative (6), nitrile and protonic acid used in Production Method 2 will be described.
- From the viewpoint of good yield of the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) it is preferable to use 3 moles or more of nitrile per mole of ruthenocene derivative. It is more preferable to use a nitrile having a solvent amount from the viewpoint of good yield. Specifically, it is particularly preferable to use an amount appropriately selected from the range of 5 mol to 1000 mol per mol of ruthenocene derivative.
- the preferable usage-amount of a proton acid changes with kinds of proton acid.
- the protonic acid when the protonic acid is a monobasic acid, it is preferable to use 1 mol or more of a protonic acid per mole of ruthenocene derivative in terms of a good yield, and in the case of a dibasic acid, 0.5 mole per mole of ruthenocene derivative. It is preferable to use the above protonic acid.
- a mixture of a fluoro complex anion-containing salt and a strong acid is used as the protonic acid, by appropriately using 1 mol or more of the fluoro complex anion-containing salt and 0.5 mol to 2.0 mol of a strong acid per 1 mol of the ruthenocene derivative, The cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) can be obtained with good yield.
- the production method 2 is preferably carried out in an inert gas in that the yield of the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) is good.
- the inert gas include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and nitrogen gas, and argon or nitrogen gas is more preferable.
- Production method 2 is preferably carried out under conditions where an excess amount of nitrile is used as a solvent in that the yield of the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) is good.
- the manufacturing method 2 can also be implemented in an organic solvent.
- organic solvent examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, cyclopentyl ethyl ether.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, cyclopentyl ethyl ether.
- Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, etc.
- One of these organic solvents can be used alone, or a plurality of them can be mixed at an arbitrary ratio.
- diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and methanol are preferable because the yield of the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) is good.
- reaction temperature and reaction time are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can use general conditions for producing a metal complex.
- a cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) is selected by selecting a reaction time appropriately selected from a range of 10 minutes to 120 hours at a reaction temperature appropriately selected from a temperature range of ⁇ 80 ° C. to 150 ° C. Can be produced with good yield.
- the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) produced by the production method 2 can be purified by a person skilled in the art appropriately selecting and using a general purification method for purifying a metal complex. Specific purification methods include filtration, extraction, centrifugation, decantation, crystallization and the like.
- the ruthenium complex (1) can also be produced by continuously carrying out production method 2 and production method 1.
- the cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) produced by the production method 2 can be used as a production raw material of the production method 1 without purification, and is generally used when a person skilled in the art purifies a metal complex.
- a cationic tris (nitrile) complex (4) purified by appropriately selecting and using a suitable purification method can also be used as a production raw material of production method 1.
- the ruthenium complex (1a) of the present invention can also be produced in the same manner as the ruthenium complex (1) by continuously carrying out the production method 2 and the production method 1.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 8 and R 9 may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, cyclo Propyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclo Butylmethyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3 -Dimethylbutyl group, 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, 2,3-dimethylbutyl group,
- the ruthenium complex (2) of the present invention is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group, from the viewpoint of having a vapor pressure and thermal stability suitable as a CVD material or an ALD material.
- n is an integer of 0 to 2, and is preferably 0 in that the ruthenium complex (2) of the present invention has a vapor pressure suitable as a CVD material or an ALD material.
- ruthenium complex (2) of the present invention Specific examples are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- Me, Et, Pr, i Pr, Bu, t Bu, Pe and Hx are each a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, tert- butyl group, a pentyl group and hexyl group.
- the ruthenium complex (2) of the present invention can be produced by the following production method 3 or production method 5.
- Production method 3 is a method for producing the ruthenium complex (2) of the present invention by reacting a cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) with a substituted pyrrole (9) in the presence of a base.
- Manufacturing method 3 is a method for producing the ruthenium complex (2) of the present invention by reacting a cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) with a substituted pyrrole (9) in the presence of a base.
- each independently R 8 and R 9, .Y represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms - .n representing the counter anion is an integer of 0-2.
- Examples of the counter anion Y ⁇ in the general formula (8) include those generally used as the counter anion of the cationic metal complex. Specifically, fluoro such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroaluminate ion (AlF 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- fluoro such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroaluminate ion (AlF 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- Examples thereof include counter anions of polybasic acids such as (MeO) 2 PO 4 ⁇ ) and diethyl phosphate ion ((EtO) 2 PO 4 ⁇ ) or derivatives thereof.
- the counter anion Y - The BF 4 -, PF 6 - fluoro complex anion such as, CF 3 SO 3 -, MeSO 3 - is preferably a monovalent sulfonate ion such as , BF 4 - is more preferable.
- cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) include [bis (1-5- ⁇ 5 -cyclooctadienyl) (hydrido) ruthenium (IV)] [tetrafluoroborato] ( [RuH ( ⁇ 5 -C 8 H 11 ) 2 ] [BF 4 ]), [(Bis (1-5- ⁇ 5 -cyclooctadienyl) (hydrido) ruthenium (IV))] [hexafluorophosphate] ([RuH ( ⁇ 5 -C 8 H 11 ) 2 ] [PF 6 ]), [(Bis (1-5- ⁇ 5 -cyclooctadienyl) (hydrido) ruthenium (IV))] [trifluoromethanesulfonate ] ([RuH ( ⁇ 5 -C 8 H 11 ) 2 ] [CF 3 SO 3 ]), [(Bis (1-5- ⁇ 5 -cyclooctadie
- substituted pyrrole (9) examples include 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrrole, 2,5-diethylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-5-propylpyrrole, and 2,5-dipropylpyrrole.
- ruthenium complex (2) has a vapor pressure suitable as a CVD material or an ALD material.
- Examples of bases that can be used in Production Method 3 include inorganic bases and organic bases.
- Examples of the inorganic base include alkali metal carbonates such as lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as lithium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate.
- Group 2 metal carbonate lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide and other typical metal hydroxides, lithium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, Typical metal hydrides such as magnesium hydride, calcium hydride and aluminum hydride, typical metal hydride complex compounds such as sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride, alkali metals such as lithium amide, sodium amide and lithium dialkylamide It can be exemplified such as bromide.
- the organic base examples include secondary or tertiary amines such as diethylamine, triethylamine, diethylisopropylamine and tributylamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, cyclic aliphatic amines such as 1,4-diazabicyclooctane, and pyridine.
- Aromatic amines such as From the viewpoint of good yield of the ruthenium complex (2), the base is preferably a secondary or tertiary amine or pyridine, more preferably a secondary or tertiary amine, and particularly preferably triethylamine.
- Production method 3 is preferably carried out in an inert gas in that the yield of ruthenium complex (2) is good.
- the inert gas include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and nitrogen gas, and argon or nitrogen gas is more preferable. It is preferable to implement the manufacturing method 3 in an organic solvent at the point with the sufficient yield of a ruthenium complex (2).
- organic solvent examples include pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, petroleum ether and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, chloroform, dichloromethane, Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as dibromomethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, cyclopentyl ethyl ether, methyl- tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 3-
- Tons, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert- butanol, alcohols such as ethylene glycol can be exemplified.
- One of these organic solvents can be used alone, or a plurality of them can be mixed at an arbitrary ratio.
- the organic solvent is preferably chloroform, dichloromethane, cyclopentylmethyl ether, methyl-tert-butyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methanol and hexane, and chloroform, dichloromethane, cyclopentylmethyl are preferred because the yield of the ruthenium complex (2) is good. More preferred are ether, methyl-tert-butyl ether, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.
- ruthenium complex (2) can be produced in good yield by using 1 mol or more of substituted pyrrole (9) and base per 1 mol of cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8).
- the reaction temperature and reaction time are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can use general conditions for producing a metal complex.
- a ruthenium complex (2) is produced in a high yield by selecting a reaction time appropriately selected from a range of 10 minutes to 120 hours at a reaction temperature appropriately selected from a temperature range of ⁇ 80 ° C. to 120 ° C. I can do it.
- the ruthenium complex (2) produced by the production method 3 can be purified by appropriately selecting and using a general purification method when a person skilled in the art purifies a metal complex. Specific purification methods include filtration, extraction, centrifugation, decantation, distillation, sublimation, crystallization, column chromatography and the like.
- the cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) which is a raw material of production method 3, can be produced according to production method 4 described in Organometallics, Vol. 10, page 455 (1991).
- Production method 4 (cyclooctadiene) (cyclooctatriene) complex (15) and the protonic acid H + Y - in a way of producing a cationic bis by reacting the (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) is there.
- n an integer of 0 to 2.
- Y ⁇ represents a counter anion.
- the (cyclooctadiene) (cyclooctatriene) complex can be produced according to the method described in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, Vol. 272, p. 179 (1984). Specifically, it is a method for producing a (cyclooctadiene) (cyclooctatriene) complex (15) by reacting ruthenium chloride with cyclooctadiene in the presence of zinc.
- cyclooctadiene examples include 1,5-cyclooctadiene, 1-methyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene, 1,2-dimethyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene, 1,4-dimethyl-1 , 5-cyclooctadiene, 1,5-dimethyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene, 2,4-dimethyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene, 1,6-dimethyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene, 3, , 7-dimethyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene.
- 1,5-cyclooctadiene and 1,5-dimethyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene are preferable, and 1,5-cyclooctadiene is more preferable.
- Examples of the proton acid counter anion Y ⁇ that can be used in Production Method 4 include those generally used as a counter anion of a cationic metal complex. Specifically, fluoro such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroaluminate ion (AlF 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- fluoro such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroaluminate ion (AlF 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- Examples thereof include counter anions of polybasic acids such as (MeO) 2 PO 4 ⁇ ) and diethyl phosphate ion ((EtO) 2 PO 4 ⁇ ) or derivatives thereof.
- the counter anion Y ⁇ may be a fluoro complex anion such as BF 4 ⁇ or PF 6 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , MeSO 3 ⁇ or the like. Monovalent sulfonate ions are preferred, and BF 4 - is more preferred.
- the protonic acid include fluorocomplex acids such as tetrafluoroboric acid and hexafluorophosphoric acid; sulfonic acids such as sulfuric acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; and hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride.
- the protonic acid may form a complex with an ether such as dimethyl ether or diethyl ether.
- Examples of the protonic acid forming the complex include a tetrafluoroboric acid dimethyl ether complex, a tetrafluoroboric acid diethyl ether complex, and a hexafluorophosphoric acid diethyl ether complex. From the viewpoint of good yield of the cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8), a tetrafluoroboric acid diethyl ether complex or the like is preferable.
- a fluorocomplex acid generated in the reaction system by reacting a fluorocomplex anion-containing salt with a strong acid can also be used.
- the fluoro complex anion-containing salt that can be used in this case include ammonium tetrafluoroborate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, potassium tetrafluoroborate, ammonium hexafluorophosphate, hexafluorophosphorus.
- Examples include lithium acid, sodium hexafluorophosphate, and potassium hexafluorophosphate.
- strong acids examples include sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen bromide.
- fluoro complex acid examples include tetrafluoroboric acid and hexafluorophosphoric acid. It is preferable to use either ammonium tetrafluoroborate, sodium tetrafluoroborate or ammonium hexafluorophosphate mixed with sulfuric acid in terms of high cost merit and good yield.
- a fluoro complex acid generated in the reaction system by reacting boron trifluoride with a strong acid as a protonic acid used in the production method 4 can also be used.
- the strong acid examples include sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen bromide.
- the preferred amount of protic acid used varies depending on the type of protic acid.
- the protonic acid is a monobasic acid
- Production method 4 is preferably carried out in an inert gas in that the yield of the cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) is good.
- the inert gas include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and nitrogen gas, and argon or nitrogen gas is more preferable.
- Production method 4 is preferably carried out in an organic solvent in that the yield of the cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) is good.
- organic solvent examples include pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, petroleum ether and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, chloroform, dichloromethane, Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as dibromomethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, cyclopentyl ethyl ether, methyl- tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 3-
- Tons, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert- butanol, alcohols such as ethylene glycol can be exemplified.
- One of these organic solvents can be used alone, or a plurality of them can be mixed at an arbitrary ratio.
- As the organic solvent chloroform, dichloromethane, cyclopentylmethyl ether, methyl-tert-butyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and the like are preferable because the yield of the cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) is good.
- the reaction temperature and reaction time are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can use general conditions for producing a metal complex.
- a cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex is selected by selecting a reaction time appropriately selected from a range of 10 minutes to 120 hours at a reaction temperature appropriately selected from a temperature range of ⁇ 80 ° C. to 150 ° C. (8) can be produced with good yield.
- the cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) produced by the production method 4 can be purified by appropriately selecting and using a general purification method when a person skilled in the art purifies a metal complex. Specific purification methods include filtration, extraction, centrifugation, decantation, crystallization and the like. Ruthenium complex (2) can also be produced by production method 5 in which production method 4 and production method 3 are successively carried out. In this case, the cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) produced by the production method 4 can be used as the production raw material of the production method 3 without purification, and when a person skilled in the art purifies the metal complex.
- the cationic bis (cyclooctadienyl) complex (8) purified by appropriately selecting and using the general purification method can be used as a production raw material for production method 3.
- Examples of the purification method include filtration, extraction, centrifugation, decantation, and crystallization.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes a methyl group, ethyl Group, propyl group, isopropyl group, cyclopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclobutyl group, pentyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, tert-pentyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclobutylmethyl group, hexyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 3-methylpentyl
- R 10 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in that the ruthenium complex (3) of the present invention has vapor pressure and thermal stability suitable as a CVD material or an ALD material, and R 11 , R 12 , R 13 And R 14 is preferably a hydrogen atom, R 10 is more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and R 10 is particularly preferably an ethyl group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and R 18 may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specifically includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group.
- ruthenium complex (3) of the present invention are shown in Tables 5-1 to 5-10.
- Me, Et, Pr, i Pr, Bu, i Bu, s Bu, t Bu, Pe, c Pe and Hx are each a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec -Represents a butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a cyclopentyl group and a hexyl group.
- ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) ( ⁇ 5 -6-) is preferable in that it has a vapor pressure and thermal stability suitable as a CVD material or an ALD material.
- exo-methylcyclohexadienyl) ruthenium (3-1) is preferable in that it has a vapor pressure and thermal stability suitable as a CVD material or an ALD material.
- ( ⁇ 5 -ethylcyclo pentadienyl) is ⁇ 5 -6-exo- methyl cyclohexadienyl) ruthenium (3-3)
- eta 5 - propyl cyclopentadienyl) is ⁇ 5 - isopropyl-cyclopentadie
- the ruthenium complex (3) of the present invention can be produced by the following production method 6 and production method 8.
- Production method 6 is a method for producing a ruthenium complex (3) by reacting a cationic arene complex (10) with an alkyl lithium (11).
- R 10 to R 18 have the same meanings as R 10 to R 18 in formula (3).
- P ⁇ represents a counter anion.
- Specific examples of the cation moiety of the cationic arene complex (10) include [( ⁇ 6 -benzene) ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II)] ([Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 5 ) ( ⁇ 6 -C 6 H 6)] ), [( ⁇ 6 - benzene) (eta 5 - cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II)] ([Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 MeH 4) ( ⁇ 6 -C 6 H 6)]), [ ( ⁇ 6 - benzene) (eta 5 - ethyl cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II)] ([Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 EtH 4) ( ⁇ 6 -C 6 H 6) ]), [( ⁇ 6
- Examples of the counter anion P ⁇ in the general formula (10) include those generally used as the counter anion of the cationic metal complex. Specifically, fluoro such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroaluminate ion (AlF 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- fluoro such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), hexafluoroantimonate ion (SbF 6 ⁇ ), tetrafluoroaluminate ion (AlF 4 ⁇ ) and the like.
- the counter anion P - The BF 4 -, PF 6 - fluoro complex anion such as, CF 3 SO 3 -, MeSO 3 - is a monovalent acid ions such as preferred .
- cationic arene complex (10) include [( ⁇ 6 -benzene) ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II)] [tetrafluoroborato] ([Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 5 ) ( ⁇ 6 -C 6 H 6 )] [BF 4 ]), [( ⁇ 6 -benzene) ( ⁇ 5 -methylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II)] [tetrafluoroborato] ([Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 MeH 4 ) ( ⁇ 6 -C 6 H 6 )] [BF 4 ]), [( ⁇ 6 -benzene) ( ⁇ 5 -ethylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (II)] [tetrafluoro Borato] ([Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 EtH 4 ) ( ⁇ 6 -C 6 H 6 )] [BF 4 ]), [( ⁇ 6 -benzene) (
- alkyl lithium (11) examples include methyl lithium, ethyl lithium, propyl lithium, isopropyl lithium, butyl lithium, isobutyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, pentyl lithium, tert-pentyl lithium, cyclopentyl lithium, Examples include hexyl lithium and cyclohexyl lithium.
- Methyllithium, ethyllithium, propyllithium, isopropyllithium, butyllithium, isobutyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, etc. are preferred in that the ruthenium complex (3) has a vapor pressure suitable as a CVD material or an ALD material. .
- the production method 6 is preferably carried out in an inert gas in that the yield of the ruthenium complex (3) is good.
- the inert gas include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and nitrogen gas, and argon or nitrogen gas is more preferable. It is preferable to implement the manufacturing method 6 in an organic solvent at the point with the sufficient yield of a ruthenium complex (3).
- organic solvent examples include pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, petroleum ether and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, diethyl ether, diisopropyl
- organic solvent examples include pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, petroleum ether and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, diethyl ether, diisopropyl
- ethers such as ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, cyclopentyl ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
- organic solvents can be used alone, or a plurality of them can be mixed at an arbitrary ratio.
- organic solvent ether is preferable and diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are more preferable in that the yield of the ruthenium complex (3) is good.
- Examples of the method for obtaining the alkyl lithium (11) include a commercially available product and the production method described in Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 108, page 7016 (1986).
- the ruthenium complex (3) can be produced in good yield by using 1 mol or more of alkyl lithium (11) with respect to 1 mol of the cationic arene complex (10).
- the manufacturing method 6 there is no restriction
- a ruthenium complex (3) can be produced with good yield by selecting a reaction time appropriately selected from a range of 10 minutes to 120 hours at a reaction temperature appropriately selected from a temperature range of ⁇ 80 ° C.
- the ruthenium complex (3) produced by the production method 6 can be purified by appropriately selecting and using a general purification method when a person skilled in the art purifies a metal complex.
- Specific purification methods include filtration, extraction, centrifugation, decantation, distillation, sublimation, crystallization, column chromatography and the like.
- the cationic arene complex (10), which is a raw material of production method 6, is described in Non-Patent Document 3 and Angelwandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 46, 4976, Supporting Information (2007), Journal of the American Chemical Vol. 111. , Page 1698 (1989) and the following production method 7. It is preferable to produce according to Production Method 7 in that the amount of the reactant used is small and the yield of the cationic arene complex (10) is good.
- Production method 7 is a method for producing a cationic arene complex (10) by reacting a ruthenocene derivative (12), a benzene derivative (14), and a protonic acid H + P ⁇ .
- R 10 to R 17 have the same meanings as R 10 to R 17 in formula (3).
- P ⁇ represents a counter anion.
- Q in the general formula (12) is ⁇ 5 -2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentadienyl ligand, or the general formula (13)
- R 10 ⁇ R 14 is formula (representing the same meaning as R 10 ⁇ R 14 in 3).
- Eta represented by 5 - represents a (unsubstituted or substituted) cyclopentadienyl ligand.
- ⁇ 5- (unsubstituted or substituted) cyclopentadienyl ligand (13) include ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5 -methylcyclopentadienyl ligand, eta 5 - ethyl cyclopentadienyl ligand, eta 5 - propyl cyclopentadienyl ligand, eta 5 - isopropyl cyclopentadienyl ligand, eta 5 - butyl cyclopentadienyl ligand, eta 5 -Isobutylcyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5 -sec-butylcyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5 -tert-butylcyclopentadienyl ligand, ⁇ 5 -pentylcyclopentadienyl ligand,
- the ruthenocene derivative (12) include bis ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 Ru), bis ( ⁇ 5 -methylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 MeH 4) 2 Ru), bis (eta 5 - ethyl cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 EtH 4 ) 2 Ru), bis (eta 5 - propyl cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 PrH 4 ) 2 Ru), bis ( ⁇ 5 -isopropylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 i PrH 4 ) 2 Ru), bis ( ⁇ 5 -butylcyclopentadi) Enyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 BuH 4 ) 2 Ru), bis ( ⁇ 5 -but
- benzene derivative (14) examples include benzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-triethylbenzene, 1,3,5-tripropylbenzene, 1,3,5-tri (isopropyl).
- Benzene, 1,3,5-butylbenzene, 1,3,5-tri (isobutyl) benzene, 1,3,5-tri (sec-butyl) benzene, 1,3,5-tri (tert-butyl) Examples include benzene. From the viewpoint of good yield of the cationic arene complex (10), benzene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is preferable.
- Examples of the counter anion P ⁇ of the protonic acid that can be used in the production method 7 include fluoro complex anions such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
- fluoro complex anions such as tetrafluoroborate ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), hexafluorophosphate ion (PF 6 ⁇ ), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
- examples thereof include sulfonate ions such as ions (CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ ), sulfate ions (SO 4 2 ⁇ ), and hydrogen sulfate ions (HSO 4 ⁇ ), and halide ions such as chloride ions and bromide ions.
- the protonic acid include fluorocomplex acids such as tetrafluoroboric acid and hexafluorophosphoric acid; sulfonic acids such as sulfuric acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; and hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride.
- the protonic acid may form a complex with an ether such as dimethyl ether or diethyl ether.
- Examples of the protonic acid forming the complex include a tetrafluoroboric acid dimethyl ether complex, a tetrafluoroboric acid diethyl ether complex, and a hexafluorophosphoric acid diethyl ether complex. From the viewpoint of good yield of the cationic arene complex (10), tetrafluoroboric acid diethyl ether complex, tetrafluoroboric acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is preferred.
- a fluorocomplex acid generated in a reaction system by reacting a fluorocomplex anion-containing salt with a strong acid can also be used.
- the fluoro complex anion-containing salt that can be used in this case include ammonium tetrafluoroborate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, potassium tetrafluoroborate, ammonium hexafluorophosphate, hexafluorophosphorus.
- Examples include lithium acid, sodium hexafluorophosphate, and potassium hexafluorophosphate.
- strong acids examples include sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen bromide.
- fluoro complex acid examples include tetrafluoroboric acid and hexafluorophosphoric acid. It is preferable to use either ammonium tetrafluoroborate, sodium tetrafluoroborate or ammonium hexafluorophosphate mixed with sulfuric acid in terms of high cost merit and good yield.
- generated in the reaction system can also be used by making boron trifluoride and a strong acid react as a protonic acid used with the manufacturing method 7.
- examples of the strong acid that can be used include sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen bromide.
- the molar ratio of ruthenocene derivative (12), benzene derivative (14) and protonic acid used in production method 7 will be described.
- the preferable usage-amount of a proton acid changes with kinds of proton acid.
- the protonic acid is a monobasic acid
- the above protonic acid it is preferable to use the above protonic acid.
- a mixture of a fluoro complex anion-containing salt and a strong acid is used as the protonic acid, by appropriately using 1 mol or more of the fluoro complex anion-containing salt and 0.5 mol to 2.0 mol of a strong acid per 1 mol of the ruthenocene derivative, The cationic arene complex (10) can be obtained with good yield.
- the production method 7 is preferably carried out in an inert gas in that the yield of the cationic arene complex (10) is good.
- the inert gas include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and nitrogen gas, and argon or nitrogen gas is more preferable. It is preferable to implement the manufacturing method 7 in an organic solvent at the point with the sufficient yield of a cationic arene complex (10).
- organic solvent examples include pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, petroleum ether and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, diethyl ether, diisopropyl Ether, dibutyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, cyclopentyl ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and other ethers, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 3-pentanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and other ketones, methanol, ethanol, propanol, Alcohols such as isopropanol, tert-butanol, ethylene glycol, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butylene glycol, acetonitrile, propionitrile
- organic solvents can be used alone, or a plurality of them can be mixed at an arbitrary ratio.
- organic solvent diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methanol and acetonitrile are preferable because the yield of the cationic arene complex (10) is good.
- the reaction temperature and reaction time are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can use general conditions for producing a metal complex.
- the yield of the cationic arene complex (10) is obtained by selecting the reaction time appropriately selected from the range of 10 minutes to 120 hours at the reaction temperature appropriately selected from the temperature range of ⁇ 80 ° C. to 150 ° C. Can be manufactured well.
- the cationic arene complex (10) produced by the production method 7 can be purified by a person skilled in the art appropriately selecting and using a general purification method for purifying a metal complex. Specific purification methods include filtration, extraction, centrifugation, decantation, crystallization and the like.
- the ruthenium complex (3) can also be produced by the production method 8 in which the production method 7 and the production method 6 are successively performed.
- the cationic arene complex (10) produced by the production method 7 can be used as a production raw material of the production method 6 without purification, and a general purification method used when a person skilled in the art purifies a metal complex.
- a cationic arene complex (10) purified by appropriately selecting and using can be used as a production raw material of production method 6. Examples of the purification method include filtration, extraction, centrifugation, decantation, and crystallization.
- ruthenium-containing thin film characterized by using ruthenium complexes (1), (2), and (3a) as materials
- the ruthenium complex represented by the general formulas (1), (2), and (3a) is vaporized and decomposed on the substrate, and vaporized and decomposed on the substrate.
- the ruthenium complex represented by the general formulas (1), (2), and (3a) is vaporized and decomposed on the substrate, and vaporized and decomposed on the substrate.
- ordinary technical means used by those skilled in the art to produce a metal-containing thin film there can be mentioned ordinary technical means used by those skilled in the art to produce a metal-containing thin film.
- a vapor deposition method based on a chemical reaction such as a CVD method and an ALD method
- a solution method such as a dip coating method, a spin coating method, and an ink jet method.
- the vapor deposition method based on chemical reaction includes technical means commonly used by those skilled in the art such as a CVD method such as a thermal CVD method, a plasma CVD method, and a photo CVD method, and an ALD method.
- a chemical vapor deposition method is preferable because a thin film can be easily formed even on the surface of a substrate having a three-dimensional structure.
- the ALD method is more preferable.
- the CVD method is more preferable from the viewpoint of good film forming speed, and the ALD method is more preferable from the viewpoint of good step coverage.
- the ruthenium complex (1), (2), (3a) is vaporized and supplied to the reaction chamber, and the ruthenium complex ( By decomposing 1), a ruthenium-containing thin film can be produced on the substrate.
- the method for decomposing the ruthenium complexes (1), (2), and (3a) include ordinary technical means used by those skilled in the art to produce a metal-containing thin film.
- a method etc. can be illustrated.
- a ruthenium-containing thin film can be produced by appropriately selecting and using these decomposition methods.
- a plurality of decomposition methods can also be used in combination. Examples of the method for supplying the ruthenium complexes (1), (2), and (3a) to the reaction chamber include bubbling and a liquid vaporization supply system, and are not particularly limited.
- a carrier gas and a dilution gas for producing a ruthenium-containing thin film by a CVD method or an ALD method a rare gas such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, or xenon or a nitrogen gas is preferable. For economic reasons, nitrogen gas, helium Neon and argon are particularly preferred.
- the flow rates of the carrier gas and the dilution gas are appropriately adjusted according to the capacity of the reaction chamber. For example, when the reaction chamber has a capacity of 1 to 10 L, the flow rate of the carrier gas is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 to 10,000 sccm for economical reasons. Note that sccm is a unit representing a gas flow rate, and 1 sccm represents that the gas is moving at a rate of 2.68 mmol / h when converted to an ideal gas.
- Examples of a reactive gas used when producing a ruthenium-containing thin film by a CVD method or an ALD method include reducing gases such as ammonia, hydrogen, monosilane, and hydrazine, oxygen, ozone, water vapor, hydrogen peroxide, laughing gas, hydrogen chloride, Examples of the oxidizing gas include nitric acid gas, formic acid, and acetic acid. Ammonia, hydrogen, oxygen, ozone, and water vapor are preferred because they are less restricted by the specifications of the film forming apparatus and are easy to handle.
- ammonia is preferable in that the deposition rate of the ruthenium-containing thin film is good.
- the flow rate of the reaction gas is appropriately adjusted according to the reactivity of the material and the capacity of the reaction chamber. For example, when the reaction chamber has a capacity of 1 to 10 L, the flow rate of the reaction gas is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 to 10,000 sccm for economic reasons.
- the substrate temperature at the time of producing the ruthenium-containing thin film by the CVD method or the ALD method is appropriately selected depending on the presence or absence of use of heat, plasma, light, etc., the kind of reaction gas, and the like.
- the substrate temperature is not particularly limited, and is preferably 200 ° C. to 1000 ° C. for economic reasons. From the viewpoint of good film forming speed, 300 ° C. to 750 ° C. is preferable, and 350 ° C. to 700 ° C. is particularly preferable.
- a ruthenium-containing thin film can be produced in a temperature range of 200 ° C. or lower by appropriately using light, plasma, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, or the like.
- ruthenium-containing thin film obtained by the production method of the present invention for example, when a ruthenium complex is used alone, a metal ruthenium thin film, a ruthenium oxide thin film, a ruthenium nitride thin film, a ruthenium oxynitride thin film, and the like can be obtained.
- a ruthenium-containing composite thin film is obtained.
- a strontium material a SrRuO 3 thin film can be obtained.
- strontium material examples include bis (dipivaloylmethanato) strontium, diethoxystrontium, bis (1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato) strontium and the like. It is done.
- the ruthenium complexes (1), (2), (3a) and other metal materials may be separately supplied into the reaction chamber or mixed. Then, it may be supplied.
- the ruthenium complex (1a) can also be a ruthenium-containing thin film in the same manner as the ruthenium complex (1).
- a high-performance semiconductor device with improved storage capacity and responsiveness can be manufactured.
- semiconductor devices include semiconductor memory devices such as DRAM, FeRAM, and ReRAM, field effect transistors, and the like.
- these constituent members include capacitor electrodes, gate electrodes, copper wiring liners, and the like.
- Me, Et, Bu, and t Bu represent a methyl group, an ethyl group, a butyl group, and a tert-butyl group, respectively.
- 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were measured using a Varian VXR-500S NMR Spectrometer.
- Suspension prepared by mixing 3.15 g (13.6 mmol) of bis ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) ruthenium (( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 Ru) and 30 mL of acetonitrile under an argon atmosphere To the solution, 2.35 g (14.5 mmol) of tetrafluoroboric acid diethyl ether complex was added at 0 ° C. After the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- mesityl was added to a suspension prepared by mixing 4.30 g (11.4 mmol) of [Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 5 ) (MeCN) 3 ] [BF 4 ] and 50 mL of hexane. 13.0 g (132 mmol) of oxide and 4.22 g (41.7 mmol) of triethylamine were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, and further stirred at 50 ° C. for 10 hours. After filtering the reaction mixture, the solvent was distilled off from the filtrate under reduced pressure.
- the remaining solid is sublimated (heating temperature: 135 ° C./back pressure: 10 Pa) to obtain ( ⁇ 5 -2,4-dimethyl-1-oxa-2,4-pentadienyl) ( ⁇ 5 -methylcyclopentadienyl) ruthenium.
- (Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 MeH 4 ) ( ⁇ 5 -CH 2 C (Me) CHC (Me) O)) was obtained as an orange solid (3.73 g, 61% yield).
- mesityl was added to a suspension prepared by mixing 2.69 g (5.91 mmol) of [Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) (MeCN) 3 ] [MeSO 3 ] and 30 mL of hexane. 5.81 g (59.2 mmol) of oxide and 1.82 g (18.0 mmol) of triethylamine were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes, and further stirred at 50 ° C. for 23 hours. After the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, 150 mL of hexane was added to the residue and stirred vigorously at room temperature. After the produced suspension was filtered, the solvent was distilled off from the filtrate under reduced pressure.
- Total pressure in material container 13.3 kPa, carrier gas flow rate: 30 sccm, material supply rate: 0.012 sccm, ammonia flow rate: 100 sccm, dilution gas flow rate: 70 sccm, substrate: SiO 2 / Si, film formation time: 1 hour.
- Argon was used as the carrier gas and diluent gas.
- the material supply rate to the reaction chamber can be obtained based on the calculation formula of (carrier gas flow rate ⁇ material vapor pressure ⁇ total pressure in the material container).
- Impurities contained in the film produced under the conditions of Example 15 were quantified by secondary ion mass spectrometry.
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry used ADEPT1010 made by PHI.
- the measurement conditions were primary ion species: Cs + , primary ion acceleration voltage: 2 kV, secondary ion polarity: positive, charge compensation: E-gun.
- C 0.13 atm%, N: 0.08 atm%, O: 0.13 atm%.
- Example 15 When the surface smoothness of the film produced under the conditions of Example 15 was evaluated by AFM, the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the film was 2.1 nm and the root mean square roughness (Rms) was 2.7 nm ( Figure 2).
- AFM used was NanoScope IIIa manufactured by Bruker AXS. Measurement conditions were tapping mode.
- the thin films produced in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were confirmed by fluorescent X-ray analysis, characteristic X-rays based on ruthenium were detected. Table 6 shows the film thickness calculated from the detected X-ray intensity.
- the electric characteristics of the produced ruthenium-containing thin film were evaluated by the four-probe method, it was an insulating film.
- Examples of producing ruthenium-containing thin films using oxygen as a reaction gas (Examples 18 to 26, Comparative Examples 3 and 4)
- a ruthenium-containing thin film was prepared by a thermal CVD method using ruthenium complex (1) or ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 EtH 4 ) 2 Ru as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as shown in Table 7, and other conditions are as follows.
- Example 27 A ruthenium-containing thin film was produced by the thermal CVD method using the ruthenium complex (1) obtained in Example 9 as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as follows. Material container temperature: 64 ° C., material vapor pressure: 5.3 Pa, total pressure in material container: 3.3 kPa, substrate temperature: 350 ° C., carrier gas flow rate: 30 sccm, material supply rate: 0.048 sccm, ammonia flow rate: 30 sccm Substrate: SiO 2 / Si, film formation time: 5 hours. Argon was used as the carrier gas, and no dilution gas was used.
- Comparative Example 5 A ruthenium-containing thin film was produced by a thermal CVD method using ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 EtH 4 ) 2 Ru as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as follows. Material container temperature: 62 ° C., material vapor pressure: 5.3 Pa, total pressure in material container: 3.3 kPa, substrate temperature: 350 ° C., carrier gas flow rate: 30 sccm, material supply rate: 0.048 sccm, ammonia flow rate: 30 sccm Substrate: SiO 2 / Si, film formation time: 5 hours. Argon was used as the carrier gas, and no dilution gas was used. When the produced thin film was confirmed by fluorescent X-ray analysis, characteristic X-rays based on ruthenium were not detected.
- Example 28 A ruthenium-containing thin film was produced by the thermal CVD method using the ruthenium complex (1) obtained in Example 9 as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as follows. Material container temperature: 100 ° C., material vapor pressure: 69 Pa, total pressure in material container: 6.7 kPa, substrate temperature: 300 ° C., carrier gas flow rate: 20 sccm, material supply rate: 0.21 sccm, ammonia flow rate: 20 sccm, substrate : TaN / Ti / Si, film formation time: 6 hours. Argon was used as the carrier gas, and no dilution gas was used.
- Comparative Example 6 A ruthenium-containing thin film was produced by a thermal CVD method using ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 EtH 4 ) 2 Ru as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as follows. Material container temperature: 88 ° C., material vapor pressure: 69 Pa, total pressure in material container: 6.7 kPa, substrate temperature: 300 ° C., carrier gas flow rate: 20 sccm, material supply rate: 0.21 sccm, ammonia flow rate: 20 sccm, substrate : TaN / Ti / Si, film formation time: 6 hours. Argon was used as the carrier gas, and no dilution gas was used. When the produced thin film was confirmed by fluorescent X-ray analysis, characteristic X-rays based on ruthenium were not detected.
- Examples 29-33 A ruthenium-containing thin film was produced by the thermal CVD method using the ruthenium complex (1) obtained in Example 9 as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as shown in Table 8, and other conditions are as follows.
- Argon was used as the carrier gas and diluent gas.
- Example 29 when the produced thin film was confirmed by fluorescent X-ray analysis, characteristic X-rays based on ruthenium were detected.
- Table 8 shows the film thickness calculated from the detected X-ray intensity.
- the electrical characteristics of the produced ruthenium-containing thin film were measured by a four-probe method, and the obtained resistivity is shown in Table 8.
- Ra of the film was 3.6 nm and Rms was 4.5 nm (FIG. 5).
- impurities contained in the film produced under the conditions of Example 29 were quantified by secondary ion mass spectrometry.
- N 0.01 atm%
- O 0.13 atm%.
- Examples 34-37 A ruthenium-containing thin film was produced by the thermal CVD method using the ruthenium complex (1) obtained in Example 9 as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as shown in Table 9, and other conditions are as follows.
- Argon was used as the carrier gas and diluent gas.
- the ruthenium complex (1) is a material capable of producing a ruthenium-containing thin film without using an oxidizing gas. It can also be seen that by using ruthenium complex (1) as a material, a metal ruthenium film with few impurities can be produced without using an oxidizing gas. Furthermore, it can be seen that the ruthenium-containing thin film produced using the ruthenium complex (1) as a material has good electrical conduction characteristics. From Examples 15, 27 and 28, it can be seen that by using ruthenium complex (1) as a material, a metal ruthenium film having excellent surface smoothness can be produced without using an oxidizing gas.
- Examples 18 to 26 show that ruthenium complex (1) can produce a ruthenium-containing thin film even using an oxidizing gas. Further, from the comparison with Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that the ruthenium complex (1) is a material capable of producing a ruthenium-containing thin film at a low temperature. Therefore, the ruthenium complex (1) is a useful material having a wide application range as a thin film forming material. From the comparison between Example 27 and Comparative Example 5 and the comparison between Example 28 and Comparative Example 6, the ruthenium complex (1) is a film having excellent surface smoothness at a low temperature of 350 ° C. or less without using an oxidizing gas. It can be seen that it can be produced.
- Examples 40 and 41, Comparative Examples 7 and 8 Examples of producing a ruthenium-containing thin film using ammonia as a reaction gas
- a ruthenium-containing thin film was prepared by a thermal CVD method using ruthenium complex (2) or Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 EtH 4 ) 2 as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as shown in Table 10, and the other conditions are as follows.
- the impurities contained in the thin film produced under the conditions of Example 41 were quantified by secondary ion mass spectrometry.
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry used ADEPT1010 made by PHI.
- the measurement conditions were primary ion species: Cs + , primary ion acceleration voltage: 2 kV, secondary ion polarity: positive, charge compensation: E-gun.
- C 0.13 atm%, N: 0.27 atm%, O: 0.53 atm%.
- the surface smoothness of the thin film obtained in Example 41 was evaluated by AFM, the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the film was 2.0 nm and the root mean square roughness (Rms) was 2.7 nm (see FIG.
- AFM used was NanoScope IIIa manufactured by Bruker AXS. Measurement conditions were tapping mode.
- characteristic X-rays based on ruthenium were detected.
- Table 10 shows the film thickness calculated from the detected X-ray intensity.
- Examples 42 to 45, Comparative Examples 9 and 10 Examples of producing a ruthenium-containing thin film using oxygen as a reaction gas
- a ruthenium-containing thin film was prepared by a thermal CVD method using ruthenium complex (2) or Ru ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 EtH 4 ) 2 as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as shown in Table 11, and other conditions are as follows.
- the ruthenium complex (2) is a material capable of producing a ruthenium-containing thin film without using an oxidizing gas. Moreover, it turns out that the ruthenium containing thin film produced using the ruthenium complex (2) as a material has a favorable electrical conduction characteristic. Further, Example 41 shows that by using ruthenium complex (2) as a material, a metal ruthenium thin film with few impurities can be produced without using an oxidizing gas. Furthermore, it can be seen from Example 41 that by using ruthenium complex (2) as a material, a metal ruthenium thin film having excellent surface smoothness can be produced without using an oxidizing gas.
- Examples 42 to 45 show that the ruthenium complex (2) can produce a ruthenium-containing thin film even using an oxidizing gas. Further, from comparison with Comparative Examples 9 and 10, it can be seen that the ruthenium complex (2) is a material capable of producing a ruthenium-containing thin film at a low temperature and is a useful material having a wide application range as a thin film forming material.
- Reference example 1
- Examples of production of ruthenium-containing thin films using ammonia as a reaction gas (Examples 55 to 57) A ruthenium-containing thin film was prepared by a thermal CVD method using the ruthenium complex (3a) of the present invention as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as shown in Table 12, and other conditions are as follows. Total pressure in material container: 13.3 kPa, carrier gas flow rate: 30 sccm, material supply rate: 0.012 sccm, ammonia flow rate: 100 sccm, dilution gas flow rate: 70 sccm, substrate: SiO 2 / Si, film formation time: 1 hour.
- Argon was used as the carrier gas and diluent gas.
- the material supply rate to the reaction chamber can be obtained based on the calculation formula of (carrier gas flow rate ⁇ material vapor pressure ⁇ total pressure in the material container).
- carrier gas flow rate ⁇ material vapor pressure ⁇ total pressure in the material container.
- characteristic X-rays based on ruthenium were detected. Table 12 shows the film thickness calculated from the detected X-ray intensity.
- Examples of production of ruthenium-containing thin films using oxygen as a reaction gas (Examples 58 to 65) A ruthenium-containing thin film was prepared by a thermal CVD method using the ruthenium complex (3a) as a material.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as shown in Table 13, and other conditions are as follows. Total pressure in material container: 13.3 kPa, carrier gas flow rate: 30 sccm, material supply rate: 0.012 sccm, oxygen flow rate: 0.16 sccm, dilution gas flow rate: 169 sccm, substrate: SiO 2 / Si, film formation time: 1 hour .
- Argon was used as the carrier gas and diluent gas.
- any of Examples 13 to 20 when the produced thin film was confirmed by fluorescent X-ray analysis, characteristic X-rays based on ruthenium were detected. Table 13 shows the film thickness calculated from the detected X-ray intensity.
- the ruthenium complex (3a) is a material capable of producing a ruthenium-containing thin film without using an oxidizing gas. Further, it can be seen from Examples 58 to 65 that the ruthenium complex (3a) can produce a ruthenium-containing thin film even using an oxidizing gas.
- Example 1 A ruthenium-containing thin film was produced by the thermal CVD method using the ruthenium complex (1) obtained in Example 9.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as follows. Material container temperature: 64 ° C., material vapor pressure: 5.3 Pa, total pressure in material container: 6.7 kPa, substrate temperature: 400 ° C., carrier gas flow rate: 30 sccm, material supply rate: 0.024 sccm, ammonia flow rate: 100 sccm Dilution gas flow rate: 70 sccm, hole substrate: SiO 2 / Si (hole diameter 400 nm, hole depth 1000 nm), film formation time: 5 hours. Argon was used as a carrier gas.
- Example 2 A ruthenium-containing thin film was produced by the thermal CVD method using the ruthenium complex (1) obtained in Example 9.
- the outline of the apparatus used for thin film preparation is shown in FIG.
- the film forming conditions are as follows. Material container temperature: 64 ° C., material vapor pressure: 5.3 Pa, total pressure in material container: 6.7 kPa, substrate temperature: 400 ° C., carrier gas flow rate: 30 sccm, material supply rate: 0.024 sccm, ammonia flow rate: 50 sccm Dilution gas flow rate: 20 sccm, hole substrate: SiO 2 / Si (hole diameter 400 nm, hole depth 800 nm), film formation time: 5 hours. Argon was used as a carrier gas.
- novel ruthenium complex of the present invention is useful for producing a ruthenium-containing thin film.
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Abstract
Description
一置換シクロペンタジエニル配位子を持つカチオン性トリス(ニトリル)ルテニウム錯体として、[(η5-メチルシクロペンタジエニル)トリス(アセトニトリル)ルテニウム]+が非特許文献5に記載されている。また五置換シクロペンタジエニル配位子を持つカチオン性のルテニウム錯体として、[(η5-1,2,3,4,5-ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル)トリス(アセトニトリル)ルテニウム]+が非特許文献6に記載されている。しかし炭素数2から6のアルキル基を有する一置換シクロペンタジエニル配位子を持つカチオン性トリス(ニトリル)ルテニウム錯体の報告例はない。
また、その他の本発明は、一般式(4)
本発明のルテニウム錯体は一般式(A)で示されるルテニウム錯体であり、その中でも一般式(1a)、(2)、(3)で示されるルテニウム錯体が好ましい。
一般式(1a)で示されるルテニウム錯体は、一般式(1)で示されるルテニウム錯体の下位概念に相当する。一般式(1a)で示されるルテニウム錯体は、R1a、R2a、R3a、R4a及びR5a全てが同時にメチル基の場合を含まない。一方、一般式(1)で示されるルテニウム錯体は、R1、R2、R3、R4及びR5全てが同時にメチル基の場合を含む。
次に、一般式(1a)中のR1a、R2a、R3a、R4a、R5a、R6a及びR7aの定義について説明する。R1a、R2a、R3a、R4a及びR5aで表される炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、直鎖状、分岐状及び環状のいずれでも良く、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、シクロプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、シクロブチル基、ペンチル基、1-メチルブチル基、2-メチルブチル基、イソペンチル基、ネオペンチル基、tert-ペンチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロブチルメチル基、ヘキシル基、1-メチルペンチル基、2-メチルペンチル基、3-メチルペンチル基、4-メチルペンチル基、1,1-ジメチルブチル基、1,2-ジメチルブチル基、1,3-ジメチルブチル基、2,2-ジメチルブチル基、2,3-ジメチルブチル基、3,3-ジメチルブチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロペンチルメチル基、1-シクロブチルエチル基、2-シクロブチルエチル基などを例示することが出来る。本発明のルテニウム錯体(1a)がCVD材料やALD材料として好適な蒸気圧及び熱安定性を持つ点で、R1aが炭素数1~6のアルキル基であり、R2a、R3a、R4a及びR5aが水素原子であることが好ましく、R1aがメチル
基又はエチル基であり、R2a、R3a、R4a及びR5aが水素原子であることが更に好ましい。
R6a及びR7aで表される炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、直鎖状、分岐状及び環状のいずれでも良く、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、シクロプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、シクロブチル基、ペンチル基、1-メチルブチル基、2-メチルブチル基、イソペンチル基、ネオペンチル基、tert-ペンチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロブチルメチル基、ヘキシル基、1-メチルペンチル基、2-メチルペンチル基、3-メチルペンチル基、4-メチルペンチル基、1,1-ジメチルブチル基、1,2-ジメチルブチル基、1,3-ジメチルブチル基、2,2-ジメチルブチル基、2,3-ジメチルブチル基、3,3-ジメチルブチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロペンチルメチル基、1-シクロブチルエチル基、2-シクロブチルエチル基などを例示することが出来る。本発明のルテニウム錯体(1a)がCVD材料やALD材料として好適な蒸気圧及び熱安定性を持つ点で、R6a及びR7aはメチル基であることが好ましい。
本発明のルテニウム錯体(1a)の具体例を表1-1~1-6に示した。なお、Me、Et、Pr、iPr、Bu、iBu、sBu、tBu、Pe、cPe及びHxは、それぞれメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ペンチル基、シクロペンチル基及びヘキシル基を示す。
製造方法1は、ルテニウム錯体(1)の収率が良い点で、不活性ガス中で実施するのが好ましい。該不活性ガスとして具体的には、ヘリウム、ネオン、アルゴン、クリプトン、キセノン、窒素ガスなどを例示することが出来、アルゴン又は窒素ガスが更に好ましい。
また製造方法1では、反応温度及び反応時間には特に制限はなく、当業者が金属錯体を製造するときの一般的な条件を用いることが出来る。具体例としては、-80℃から120℃の温度範囲から適宜選択した反応温度において、10分間から120時間の範囲から適宜選択した反応時間を選択することによってルテニウム錯体(1)を収率良く製造することが出来る。
製造方法1によって製造したルテニウム錯体(1)は、当業者が金属錯体を精製するときの一般的な精製方法を適宜選択して用いることによって精製することが出来る。具体的な精製方法としては、ろ過、抽出、遠心分離、デカンテーション、蒸留、昇華、結晶化などを挙げることが出来る。
製造方法2で用いることが出来るH+Z-のプロトン酸におけるZ-としては、例えばテトラフルオロホウ酸イオン(BF4 -)、ヘキサフルオロリン酸イオン(PF6 -)などのフルオロ錯アニオン、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオン(CF3SO3 -)、硫酸イオン(SO4 2-)、硫酸水素イオン(HSO4 -)、などのスルホン酸イオン、塩化物イオン、臭化物イオンなどのハロゲン化物イオン等が挙げられ、具体的なプロトン酸としては、テトラフルオロホウ酸、ヘキサフルオロりん酸などのフルオロ錯酸;硫酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸などのスルホン酸;塩化水素などのハロゲン化水素などを例示することが出来る。該プロトン酸は、ジメチルエーテルやジエチルエーテルなどのエーテルと錯体を形成していても良い。錯体を形成しているプロトン酸の例としては、テトラフルオロホウ酸ジメチルエーテル錯体、テトラフルオロホウ酸ジエチルエーテル錯体、ヘキサフルオロりん酸ジエチルエーテル錯体などを挙げることが出来る。
カチオン性トリス(ニトリル)錯体(4)の収率が良い点で、テトラフルオロホウ酸ジエチルエーテル錯体又はトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸が好ましい。
製造方法2は、カチオン性トリス(ニトリル)錯体(4)の収率が良い点で過剰量のニトリルを溶媒として用いる条件下で実施するのが好ましい。また製造方法2は有機溶媒中で実施することも出来る。該有機溶媒として具体的には、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、石油エーテルなどの脂肪族炭化水素、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、シクロペンチルエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、1,2-ジメトキシエタンなどのエーテル、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、3-ペンタノン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、tert-ブタノール、エチレングリコールなどのアルコールなどを例示することが出来る。これら有機溶媒のうち一種類を単独で用いることが出来、複数を任意の比率で混合して用いることも出来る。カチオン性トリス(ニトリル)錯体(4)の収率が良い点で、有機溶媒としてはジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトン、メタノールが好ましい。
製造方法2によって製造したカチオン性トリス(ニトリル)錯体(4)は、当業者が金属錯体を精製するときの一般的な精製方法を適宜選択して用いることによって精製することが出来る。具体的な精製方法としては、ろ過、抽出、遠心分離、デカンテーション、結晶化などを挙げることが出来る。
なお、本発明のルテニウム錯体(1a)も、製造方法2と製造方法1とを連続して実施することによってルテニウム錯体(1)と同様に製造することが出来る。
R8及びR9で表される炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、直鎖状、分岐状及び環状のいずれでも良く、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、シクロプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、シクロブチル基、ペンチル基、1-メチルブチル基、2-メチルブチル基、イソペンチル基、ネオペンチル基、tert-ペンチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロブチルメチル基、ヘキシル基、1-メチルペンチル基、2-メチルペンチル基、3-メチルペンチル基、4-メチルペンチル基、1,1-ジメチルブチル基、1,2-ジメチルブチル基、1,3-ジメチルブチル基、2,2-ジメチルブチル基、2,3-ジメチルブチル基、3,3-ジメチルブチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロペンチルメチル基、1-シクロブチルエチル基、2-シクロブチルエチル基などを例示することが出来る。本発明のルテニウム錯体(2)がCVD材料やALD材料として好適な蒸気圧及び熱安定性を持つ点で、炭素数1~4のアルキル基であることが好ましく、メチル基であることが更に好ましい。
nは0~2の整数であり、本発明のルテニウム錯体(2)がCVD材料やALD材料として好適な蒸気圧を持つ点で、0であることが好ましい。
本発明のルテニウム錯体(2)は、以下の製造方法3、又は製造方法5により製造することができる。
製造方法3は、カチオン性ビス(シクロオクタジエニル)錯体(8)と、置換ピロール(9)を、塩基の存在下反応させることにより本発明のルテニウム錯体(2)を製造する方法である。
製造方法3
製造方法3は、ルテニウム錯体(2)の収率が良い点で有機溶媒中で実施することが好ましい。製造方法3を有機溶媒中で実施する場合、該有機溶媒として具体的には、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、石油エーテルなどの脂肪族炭化水素、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、ジブロモメタン、1,1-ジクロロエタン、1,2-ジクロロエタン、1,1,1-トリクロロエタンなどのハロゲン系脂肪族炭化水素、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、シクロペンチルエチルエーテル、メチル-tert-ブチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、1,2-ジメトキシエタンなどのエーテル、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、3-ペンタノン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、tert-ブタノール、エチレングリコールなどのアルコールなどを例示することが出来る。これら有機溶媒のうち一種類を単独で用いることが出来、複数を任意の比率で混合して用いることも出来る。ルテニウム錯体(2)の収率が良い点で、有機溶媒としてはクロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、メチル-tert-ブチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトン、メタノール及びヘキサンが好ましく、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、メチル-tert-ブチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル及びテトラヒドロフランが更に好ましい。
また製造方法3では、反応温度及び反応時間には特に制限はなく、当業者が金属錯体を製造するときの一般的な条件を用いることが出来る。具体例としては、-80℃から120℃の温度範囲から適宜選択した反応温度において、10分間から120時間の範囲から適宜選択した反応時間を選択することによってルテニウム錯体(2)を収率良く製造することが出来る。製造方法3によって製造したルテニウム錯体(2)は、当業者が金属錯体を精製するときの一般的な精製方法を適宜選択して用いることによって精製することが出来る。具体的な精製方法としては、ろ過、抽出、遠心分離、デカンテーション、蒸留、昇華、結晶化、カラムクロマトグラフィーなどを挙げることが出来る。
製造方法3の原料であるカチオン性ビス(シクロオクタジエニル)錯体(8)は、Organometallics,第10巻,455ページ(1991年)に記載の製造方法4に従って製造することが出来る。製造方法4は、(シクロオクタジエン)(シクロオクタトリエン)錯体(15)とプロトン酸H+Y-とを反応させることによりカチオン性ビス(シクロオクタジエニル)錯体(8)を製造する方法である。
(シクロオクタジエン)(シクロオクタトリエン)錯体(15)の好ましい具体例としては、(η4-1,5-シクロオクタジエン)(η6-1,3,5-シクロオクタトリエン)ルテニウム(Ru(η4-C8H12)(η6-C8H10))を挙げることが出来る。
製造方法4は、カチオン性ビス(シクロオクタジエニル)錯体(8)の収率が良い点で有機溶媒中で実施することが好ましい。製造方法4を有機溶媒中で実施する場合、該有機溶媒として具体的には、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、石油エーテルなどの脂肪族炭化水素、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、ジブロモメタン、1,1-ジクロロエタン、1,2-ジクロロエタン、1,1,1-トリクロロエタンなどのハロゲン系脂肪族炭化水素、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、シクロペンチルエチルエーテル、メチル-tert-ブチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、1,2-ジメトキシエタンなどのエーテル、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、3-ペンタノン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、tert-ブタノール、エチレングリコールなどのアルコールなどを例示することが出来る。これら有機溶媒のうち一種類を単独で用いることが出来、複数を任意の比率で混合して用いることも出来る。カチオン性ビス(シクロオクタジエニル)錯体(8)の収率が良い点で、有機溶媒としてはクロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、メチル-tert-ブチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル及びテトラヒドロフラン等が好ましい。また製造方法4では、反応温度及び反応時間には特に制限はなく、当業者が金属錯体を製造するときの一般的な条件を用いることが出来る。具体例としては、-80℃から150℃の温度範囲から適宜選択した反応温度において、10分間から120時間の範囲から適宜選択した反応時間を選択することによってカチオン性ビス(シクロオクタジエニル)錯体(8)を収率良く製造することが出来る。
またルテニウム錯体(2)は、製造方法4と製造方法3とを連続して実施する製造方法5によっても製造することが可能である。この場合、製造方法4によって製造したカチオン性ビス(シクロオクタジエニル)錯体(8)を、精製することなく製造方法3の製造原料として用いることが出来、また当業者が金属錯体を精製するときの一般的な精製方法を適宜選択して用いることによって精製したカチオン性ビス(シクロオクタジエニル)錯体(8)を製造方法3の製造原料として用いることも出来る。該精製方法の例としては、ろ過、抽出、遠心分離、デカンテーション、結晶化などを挙げることが出来る。
R10、R11、R12、R13及びR14で表される炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、直鎖状、分岐状及び環状のいずれでも良く、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、シクロプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、シクロブチル基、ペンチル基、1-メチルブチル基、2-メチルブチル基、イソペンチル基、ネオペンチル基、tert-ペンチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロブチルメチル基、ヘキシル基、1-メチルペンチル基、2-メチルペンチル基、3-メチルペンチル基、4-メチルペンチル基、1,1-ジメチルブチル基、1,2-ジメチルブチル基、1,3-ジメチルブチル基、2,2-ジメチルブチル基、2,3-ジメチルブチル基、3,3-ジメチルブチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロペンチルメチル基、1-シクロブチルエチル基、2-シクロブチルエチル基などを例示することが出来る。本発明のルテニウム錯体(3)がCVD材料やALD材料として好適な蒸気圧及び熱安定性を持つ点で、R10が炭素数1~6のアルキル基であり、R11、R12、R13及びR14が水素原子であることが好ましく、R10がメチル基又はエチル基であることが更に好ましく、R10がエチル基であることが殊更好ましい。
本発明のルテニウム錯体(3)は、以下の製造方法6、製造方法8により製造することができる。
製造方法6は、カチオン性アレーン錯体(10)と、アルキルリチウム(11)とを反応させることによりルテニウム錯体(3)を製造する方法である。
カチオン性アレーン錯体(10)のカチオン部分の具体例としては、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-シクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5H5)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-メチルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5MeH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-エチルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5EtH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-プロピルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5PrH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-イソプロピルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5 iPrH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5BuH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-イソブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5 iBuH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-sec-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5 sBuH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-tert-ブチルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5 tBuH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-ペンチルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5PeH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-シクロペンチルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5 cPeH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-ヘキシルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5HxH4)(η6-C6H6)])、[(η6-ベンゼン)(η5-1,2,3,4,5-ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニル)ルテニウム(II)]([Ru(η5-C5Me5)(η6-C6H6)])、
製造方法6は、ルテニウム錯体(3)の収率が良い点で有機溶媒中で実施することが好ましい。製造方法6を有機溶媒中で実施する場合、該有機溶媒として具体的には、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、石油エーテルなどの脂肪族炭化水素、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、シクロペンチルエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、1,2-ジメトキシエタンなどのエーテルなどを例示することが出来る。これら有機溶媒のうち一種類を単独で用いることが出来、複数を任意の比率で混合して用いることも出来る。ルテニウム錯体(3)の収率が良い点で、有機溶媒としてはエーテルが好ましく、ジエチルエーテル及びテトラヒドロフランが更に好ましい。
アルキルリチウム(11)の入手方法としては、市販の製品を入手するほか、Journal of the American Chemical Society,第108巻,7016ページ(1986年)などに記載の製造方法を挙げることが出来る。
また製造方法6では、反応温度及び反応時間には特に制限はなく、当業者が金属錯体を製造するときの一般的な条件を用いることが出来る。具体例としては、-80℃から120℃の温度範囲から適宜選択した反応温度において、10分間から120時間の範囲から適宜選択した反応時間を選択することによってルテニウム錯体(3)を収率良く製造することが出来る。
製造方法6によって製造したルテニウム錯体(3)は、当業者が金属錯体を精製するときの一般的な精製方法を適宜選択して用いることによって精製することが出来る。具体的な精製方法としては、ろ過、抽出、遠心分離、デカンテーション、蒸留、昇華、結晶化、カラムクロマトグラフィーなどを挙げることが出来る。
一般式(12)におけるQは、η5-2,4-ジメチル-2,4-ペンタジエニル配位子、又は一般式(13)
具体的なプロトン酸としては、テトラフルオロホウ酸、ヘキサフルオロりん酸などのフルオロ錯酸;硫酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸などのスルホン酸;塩化水素などのハロゲン化水素などを例示することが出来る。該プロトン酸は、ジメチルエーテルやジエチルエーテルなどのエーテルと錯体を形成していても良い。錯体を形成しているプロトン酸の例としては、テトラフルオロホウ酸ジメチルエーテル錯体、テトラフルオロホウ酸ジエチルエーテル錯体、ヘキサフルオロりん酸ジエチルエーテル錯体などを挙げることが出来る。カチオン性アレーン錯体(10)の収率が良い点で、テトラフルオロホウ酸ジエチルエーテル錯体、テトラフルオロホウ酸又はトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸が好ましい。
次にルテノセン誘導体(12)及びベンゼン誘導体(14)の入手方法について説明する。ルテノセン誘導体(12)の入手方法としては、市販の製品を入手するほか、またOrganic Syntheses,第41巻,96ページ(1961年)、Organometallics、第8巻、298ページ(1989年)、日本国特開2003-342286号公報などに記載の方法を挙げることが出来る。ベンゼン誘導体(14)の入手方法としては、市販の製品を入手するほか、Tetrahedron,第68巻,6535ページ(2012年)などに記載の方法を挙げることが出来る。
製造方法7は、カチオン性アレーン錯体(10)の収率が良い点で有機溶媒中で実施することが好ましい。製造方法7を有機溶媒中で実施する場合、該有機溶媒として具体的には、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、石油エーテルなどの脂肪族炭化水素、ジエチルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、シクロペンチルメチルエーテル、シクロペンチルエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、1,2-ジメトキシエタンなどのエーテル、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、3-ペンタノン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、tert-ブタノール、エチレングリコールなどのアルコール、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ブチロニトリル、イソブチロニトリル、シクロプロパンカルボニトリル、ペンチロニトリル、イソペンチロニトリル、3-メチルブタンニトリル、2-メチルブタンニトリル、ピバロニトリル、シクロブタンカルボニトリルなどのニトリルなどを例示することが出来る。これら有機溶媒のうち一種類を単独で用いることが出来、複数を任意の比率で混合して用いることも出来る。カチオン性アレーン錯体(10)の収率が良い点で、有機溶媒としてはジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトン、メタノール及びアセトニトリルが好ましい。
製造方法7によって製造したカチオン性アレーン錯体(10)は、当業者が金属錯体を精製するときの一般的な精製方法を適宜選択して用いることによって精製することが出来る。具体的な精製方法としては、ろ過、抽出、遠心分離、デカンテーション、結晶化などを挙げることが出来る。
本発明のルテニウム含有薄膜を作製する方法としては、一般式(1)、(2)、(3a)で示されるルテニウム錯体を気化させ、基板上で分解する方法であり、気化させ基板上に分解する方法としては当業者が金属含有薄膜を作製するのに用いる通常の技術手段を挙げることが出来る。具体的には、CVD法、ALD法など化学反応に基づく気相蒸着法、並びにディップコート法、スピンコート法又はインクジェット法などの溶液法などを例示することが出来る。本明細書中では、化学反応に基づく気相蒸着法とは熱CVD法、プラズマCVD法、光CVD法などのCVD法や、ALD法など当業者が通常用いる技術手段を含む。化学反応に基づく気相蒸着法によってルテニウム含有薄膜を作製する場合、三次元化された構造を持つ基板の表面にも均一に薄膜を形成しやすい点で、化学気相蒸着法が好ましく、CVD法又はALD法が更に好ましい。CVD法は成膜速度が良好な点で更に好ましく、またALD法は段差被覆性が良好な点で更に好ましい。例えばCVD法又はALD法によりルテニウム含有薄膜を作製する場合、ルテニウム錯体(1)、(2)、(3a)を気化させて反応チャンバーに供給し、反応チャンバー内に備え付けた基板上でルテニウム錯体(1)を分解することにより、該基板上にルテニウム含有薄膜を作製することが出来る。ルテニウム錯体(1)、(2)、(3a)を分解する方法としては、当業者が金属含有薄膜を作製するのに用いる通常の技術手段を挙げることが出来る。具体的にはルテニウム錯体(1)、(2)、(3a)と反応ガスとを反応させる方法や、ルテニウム錯体(1)、(2)、(3a)に熱、プラズマ、光などを作用させる方法などを例示することが出来る。これらの分解方法を適宜選択して用いることにより、ルテニウム含有薄膜を作製することが出来る。複数の分解方法を組み合わせて用いることも出来る。反応チャンバーへのルテニウム錯体(1)、(2)、(3a)の供給方法としては、例えばバブリング、液体気化供給システムなどが挙げられ、特に限定されるものではない。
本発明のルテニウム含有薄膜を構成部材として用いることで、記憶容量や応答性を向上させた高性能な半導体デバイスを製造することが出来る。半導体デバイスとしてはDRAM、FeRAM、ReRAMなどの半導体記憶装置や電界効果トランジスタなどを例示することが出来る。これらの構成部材としてはキャパシタ電極、ゲート電極、銅配線ライナーなどを例示することが出来る。
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
4.21(s,5H),2.43(s,9H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
125.5,68.8,4.05.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
4.13-4.16(brs,2H),3.88-3.91(brs,2H),2.42(s,9H),1.70(s,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
124.9,92.2,70.6,63.5,12.9,4.0.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
4.10-4.15(m,2H),3.89-3.94(m,2H),2.40(s,9H),2.03(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.07(t,J=7.0Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
124.9,96.7,70.0,63.4,20.3,13.6,3.7.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
4.13-4.15(m,2H),3.93-3.95(m,2H),2.41(s,9H),2.03(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.07(t,J=7.0Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
124.9,120.8(q,JC-F=318Hz),96.9,70.2,63.6,20.4,13.7,4.04.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
4.16-4.18(m,2H),3.94-3.96(m,2H),2.05(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.45(s,27H),1.10(t,J=7.5Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
133.5,97.8,71.2,63.7,30.2,28.3,20.3,13.6.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
5.55(s,1H),4.65(s,5H),3.93(s,1H),2.28(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.48(s,1H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
134.4,101.1,84.0,75.6,51.9,26.9,24.3.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
5.43(s,1H),4.56-4.61(m,2H),4.49-4.52(m,2H),3.79(s,1H),2.25(s,3H),1.80(s,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.55(s,1H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
134.2,101.4,92.3,84.3,76.2,76.1,75.8,74.6,52.5,26.6,24.2,13.5.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
5.44(s,1H),4.59-4.63(m,1H),4.51-4.55(m,1H),4.48-4.51(m,1H),4.37-4.40(m,1H),3.80(s,1H),2.24(s,3H),2.13(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.70(s,3H),1.53(s,1H),1.12(t,J=7.5Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
134.2,101.1,100.3,84.2,75.7,74.5,74.4,73.9,52.3,26.7,24.1,21.2,14.8.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
5.68(s,1H),4.74-4.78(brs,1H),4.70-4.74(brs,1H),4.36-4.40(m,1H),4.07-4.10(m,1H),4.01(s,1H),2.34(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.40(s,1H),1.26(s,9H),1.23(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),1.03(s,9H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
147.3,116.0,103.6,76.5,74.3,72.5,72.4,71.4,46.9,37.4,36.0,31.0,29.6,21.9,15.2.
1H-NMR(500MHz,C6D6,δ)
4.88(s,1H),3.17(s,1H),2.04(s,3H),1.75(s,15H),1.64(s,1H),1.61(s,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,C6D6,δ)
133.2,101.7,87.5,84.6,55.0,25.2,23.2,10.7.
ルテニウム錯体(1)、又は(η5-C5EtH4)2Ruを材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は表6に示す通りであり、その他の条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器内全圧:13.3kPa、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.012sccm、アンモニア流量:100sccm、希釈ガス流量:70sccm、基板:SiO2/Si、成膜時間:1時間。キャリアガス及び希釈ガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。なお、反応チャンバーへの材料供給速度は、(キャリアガス流量×材料の蒸気圧÷材料容器内全圧)の計算式に基づいて求めることが出来る。
C:0.13atm%,N:0.08atm%,O:0.13atm%.
実施例15の条件で作製した膜の表面平滑性をAFMにより評価したところ、膜の算術平均粗さ(Ra)は2.1nm、二乗平均平方根粗さ(Rms)は2.7nmであった(図2)。AFMはBruker・AXS社製NanoScope IIIaを用いた。測定条件はタッピングモードとした。
比較例1、2で作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出した膜厚を表6に示した。作製したルテニウム含有薄膜の電気特性を四探針法で評価したところ、絶縁膜であった。
ルテニウム錯体(1)、又は(η5-C5EtH4)2Ruを材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は表7に示す通りであり、その他の条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器内全圧:13.3kPa、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.012sccm、酸素流量:0.16sccm、希釈ガス流量:169sccm、基板:SiO2/Si、成膜時間:1時間。キャリアガス及び希釈ガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。実施例18~26のいずれの場合においても、作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出した膜厚を表7に示した。作製したルテニウム含有薄膜の電気特性を四探針法で測定し、得られた抵抗率を表7に示した。
比較例3、4で作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところ、比較例3で作製した薄膜はルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出され、比較例4で作製した薄膜はルテニウムに基づく特性X線は検出されなかった。検出されたX線の強度から算出した膜厚を表7に示した。作製したルテニウム含有薄膜の電気特性を四探針法で測定し、得られた抵抗率を表7に示した。
実施例9で得られたルテニウム錯体(1)を材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器温度:64℃、材料の蒸気圧:5.3Pa、材料容器内全圧:3.3kPa、基板温度:350℃、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.048sccm、アンモニア流量:30sccm、基板:SiO2/Si、成膜時間:5時間。キャリアガスとしてアルゴンを用い、希釈ガスは用いなかった。
作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出したところ、14nmであった。得られた膜の表面平滑性をAFMにより評価したところ、膜のRaは0.5nm、Rmsは0.6nmであった(図3)。
(η5-C5EtH4)2Ruを材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器温度:62℃、材料の蒸気圧:5.3Pa、材料容器内全圧:3.3kPa、基板温度:350℃、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.048sccm、アンモニア流量:30sccm、基板:SiO2/Si、成膜時間:5時間。キャリアガスとしてアルゴンを用い、希釈ガスは用いなかった。
作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線は検出されなかった。
実施例9で得られたルテニウム錯体(1)を材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器温度:100℃、材料の蒸気圧:69Pa、材料容器内全圧:6.7kPa、基板温度:300℃、キャリアガス流量:20sccm、材料供給速度:0.21sccm、アンモニア流量:20sccm、基板:TaN/Ti/Si、成膜時間:6時間。キャリアガスとしてアルゴンを用い、希釈ガスは用いなかった。
作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出したところ、8nmであった。得られた膜の表面平滑性をAFMにより評価したところ、膜のRaは1.1nm、Rmsは1.4nmであった(図4)。
(η5-C5EtH4)2Ruを材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器温度:88℃、材料の蒸気圧:69Pa、材料容器内全圧:6.7kPa、基板温度:300℃、キャリアガス流量:20sccm、材料供給速度:0.21sccm、アンモニア流量:20sccm、基板:TaN/Ti/Si、成膜時間:6時間。キャリアガスとしてアルゴンを用い、希釈ガスは用いなかった。
作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出されなかった。
実施例9で得られたルテニウム錯体(1)を材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は表8に示す通りであり、その他の条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器内全圧:6.7kPa、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.024sccm、アンモニア流量:50sccm、希釈ガス流量:20sccm、基板:SiO2/Si、成膜時間:2時間(ただし、実施例29、30は1時間)。キャリアガス及び希釈ガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。
実施例29の条件で作製した膜の表面平滑性をAFMにより評価したところ、膜のRaは3.6nm、Rmsは4.5nmであった(図5)。さらに、実施例29の条件で作製した膜に含まれる不純物について、二次イオン質量分析法により定量した。
C:0.13atm%,N:0.01atm%,O:0.13atm%.
実施例31の条件で作製した膜の表面平滑性をAFMにより評価したところ、Raは0.9nm、Rmsは1.2nmであった(図6)。さらに、実施例31の条件で作製した膜に含まれる不純物について、二次イオン質量分析法により定量した。
C:0.67atm%,N:0.07atm%,O:0.07atm%.
実施例33の条件で作製した膜の表面平滑性をAFMにより評価したところ、膜のRaは0.4nm、Rmsは0.5nmであった(図7)。
実施例9で得られたルテニウム錯体(1)を材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は表9に示す通りであり、その他の条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器内全圧:6.7kPa、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.024sccm、水素流量:2sccm、希釈ガス流量:68sccm、基板:SiO2/Si、成膜時間:1時間。キャリアガス及び希釈ガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。
実施例34~37のいずれの場合においても、作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出した膜厚を表9に示した。作製したルテニウム含有薄膜の電気特性を四探針法で測定し、得られた抵抗率を表9に示した。
実施例18~26により、ルテニウム錯体(1)は、酸化性ガスを用いてもルテニウム含有薄膜を作製可能であることが分かる。さらに比較例4との比較から、ルテニウム錯体(1)は低温でルテニウム含有薄膜を作製可能な材料であることが分かる。したがって、ルテニウム錯体(1)は薄膜形成用材料として適用範囲が広い有用な材料である。
実施例27と比較例5の比較、及び実施例28と比較例6の比較より、ルテニウム錯体(1)は酸化性ガスを用いなくても350℃以下の低温で表面平滑性に優れた膜を作製可能であることが分かる。
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
2.30-2.46(br,9H),1.58(s,15H).
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
5.76(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.09(s,2H),4.00-4.10(m,2H),3.43-3.55(m,2H),2.02(s,6H),1.69-1.76(m,2H),1.25-1.36(m,2H),1.03-1.12(m,1H),-0.21--0.097(m,1H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
114.8,102.1,82.1,75.3,46.5,29.3,20.7,15.1.
ルテニウム錯体(2)又はRu(η5-C5EtH4)2を材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は表10に示す通りであり、その他の条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器内全圧:13.3kPa、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.012sccm、アンモニア流量:100sccm、希釈ガス流量:70sccm、基板:SiO2/Si、成膜時間:1時間。キャリアガス及び希釈ガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。なお、反応チャンバーへの材料供給速度は、(キャリアガス流量×材料の蒸気圧÷材料容器内全圧)の計算式に基づいて求めることが出来る。
実施例40、41のいずれの場合においても、作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。蛍光X線分析は理学電機社製3370Eを用いた。測定条件はX線源:Rh、出力:50kV 50mA、測定径:10mmとした。検出されたX線の強度から算出した膜厚を表10に示した。作製したルテニウム含有薄膜の電気特性を四探針法で測定し、得られた抵抗率を表10に示した。四探針法は三菱油化社製LORESTA HP MCP-T410を用いた。
C:0.13atm%,N:0.27atm%,O:0.53atm%.
実施例41で得られた薄膜の表面平滑性をAFMにより評価したところ、膜の算術平均粗さ(Ra)は2.0nm、二乗平均平方根粗さ(Rms)は2.7nmであった(図8)。AFMはBruker・AXS社製NanoScope IIIaを用いた。測定条件はタッピングモードとした。
比較例7、8で作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出した膜厚を表10に示した。作製したルテニウム含有薄膜の電気特性を四探針法で評価したところ、絶縁膜であった。
ルテニウム錯体(2)又はRu(η5-C5EtH4)2を材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は表11に示す通りであり、その他の条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器内全圧:13.3kPa、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.012sccm、酸素流量:0.16sccm、希釈ガス流量:169sccm、基板:SiO2/Si、成膜時間:1時間。キャリアガス及び希釈ガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。実施例42~45のいずれの場合においても、作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出した膜厚を表11に示した。作製したルテニウム含有薄膜の電気特性を四探針法で測定し、得られた抵抗率を表11に示した。
比較例9、10で作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところ、比較例9で作製した薄膜はルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出され、比較例10で作製した薄膜はルテニウムに基づく特性X線は検出されなかった。検出されたX線の強度から算出した膜厚を表11に示した。作製したルテニウム含有薄膜の電気特性を四探針法で測定し、得られた抵抗率を表11に示した。
実施例42~45により、ルテニウム錯体(2)は、酸化性ガスを用いてもルテニウム含有薄膜を作製可能であることが分かる。さらに比較例9、10との比較から、ルテニウム錯体(2)は低温でルテニウム含有薄膜を作製可能な材料であり、薄膜形成用材料として適用範囲が広い有用な材料であることが分かる。
参考例1
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
6.21(s,6H),5.46(s,5H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
86.1,80.8.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
6.15(s,6H),5.40-5.43(m,2H),5.30-5.33(m,2H),2.08(s,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
100.2,86.4,81.9,80.2,13.9.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
5.64-5.72(m,1H),4.73(s,5H),4.28-4.38(m,2H),2.83-2.92(m,2H),2.28(sext,J=6.4Hz,1H),0.21(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
79.5,76.1,74.9,34.7,32.5,28.5.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
5.59-5.62(m,1H),4.74-4.77(m,2H),4.51-4.54(m,2H),4.24-4.29(m,2H),2.71-2.76(m,2H),2.30(sext,J=6.4Hz,1H),1.94(s,3H),0.21(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
92.0,79.5,76.7,76.5,74.2,34.8,33.8,28.4,14.6.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
6.15(s,6H),5.36-5.40(m,2H),5.30-5.34(m,2H),2.33(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.09(t,J=7.5Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
106.9,86.2,80.3,80.0,21.0,14.5.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
5.60-5.65(m,1H),4.70-4.73(m,2H),4.55-4.58(m,2H),4.26-4.31(m,2H),2.74-2.79(m,2H),2.30(sext,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.25(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.09(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.20(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
99.8,79.4,76.6,74.8,73.9,34.8,33.4,28.4,22.0,15.0.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
5.57-5.68(m,1H),4.72(brs,2H),4.57(brs,2H),4.24-4.37(m,2H),2.73-2.83(m,2H),2.25(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.14-2.21(m,1H),1.04-1.16(m,5H),0.92-1.01(m,2H),0.78(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.45-0.54(m,2H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
99.8,79.6,76.7,74.9,73.9,42.3,40.1,32.2,26.3,22.7,22.0,15.0,14.3.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
6.00(s,3H),5.11-5.20(m,4H),2.31(s,9H),2.23(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.12(t,J=7.5Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
104.8,101.1,87.5,80.9,80.4,20.5,20.0,14.7.
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ)
4.38-4.41(m,2H),4.36-4.38(m,2H),4.13(s,2H),2.34(q,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.22(s,3H),2.17(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.48(s,6H),1.09(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),0.25(d,J=6.5Hz,3H).
13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3,δ)
98.6,90.3,78.4,76.6,76.0,46.9,43.7,24.1,21.2,21.1,21.0,15.1.
本発明のルテニウム錯体(3a)を材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は表12に示す通りであり、その他の条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器内全圧:13.3kPa、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.012sccm、アンモニア流量:100sccm、希釈ガス流量:70sccm、基板:SiO2/Si、成膜時間:1時間。キャリアガス及び希釈ガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。なお、反応チャンバーへの材料供給速度は、(キャリアガス流量×材料の蒸気圧÷材料容器内全圧)の計算式に基づいて求めることが出来る。
実施例55~57のいずれの場合においても、作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出した膜厚を表12に示した。
ルテニウム錯体(3a)を材料に用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は表13に示す通りであり、その他の条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器内全圧:13.3kPa、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.012sccm、酸素流量:0.16sccm、希釈ガス流量:169sccm、基板:SiO2/Si、成膜時間:1時間。キャリアガス及び希釈ガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。実施例13~20のいずれの場合においても、作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出した膜厚を表13に示した。
実施例9で得られたルテニウム錯体(1)を用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器温度:64℃、材料の蒸気圧:5.3Pa、材料容器内全圧:6.7kPa、基板温度:400℃、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.024sccm、アンモニア流量:100sccm、希釈ガス流量:70sccm、ホール基板:SiO2/Si(ホール径400nm、ホール深さ1000nm)、成膜時間:5時間。キャリアガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。
作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出したところ、8nmであった。作製したルテニウム含有薄膜の電気特性を四探針法で測定したところ、123μΩ・cmであった。膜の断面をFE-SEM(電界放射型電子顕微鏡)により観察したところ、ホール開口部とホール底部の膜厚は同等であった(図9)。FE-SEMは日本電子製JSM-7600Fを用いた。測定条件は加速電圧:5kV、観察倍率:100,000倍、試料前処理:試料切断→樹脂包埋→断面イオンミリング加工とした。
実施例9で得られたルテニウム錯体(1)を用いてルテニウム含有薄膜を熱CVD法により作製した。薄膜作製のために使用した装置の概略を図1に示した。成膜条件は以下の通りである。
材料容器温度:64℃、材料の蒸気圧:5.3Pa、材料容器内全圧:6.7kPa、基板温度:400℃、キャリアガス流量:30sccm、材料供給速度:0.024sccm、アンモニア流量:50sccm、希釈ガス流量:20sccm、ホール基板:SiO2/Si(ホール径400nm、ホール深さ800nm)、成膜時間:5時間。キャリアガスとしてアルゴンを用いた。
作製した薄膜を蛍光X線分析で確認したところルテニウムに基づく特性X線が検出された。検出されたX線の強度から算出したところ、7nmであった。作製したルテニウム含有薄膜の電気特性を四探針法で測定したところ、712μΩ・cmであった。膜の断面をFE-SEMにより観察したところ、ホール開口部とホール底部の膜厚は同等であった(図10)。評価例1、2より、本発明のルテニウム錯体は酸化性ガスを用いなくても400℃以下の低温で段差に対して均一な膜を作製可能であることが分かる。
なお、本出願は、2012年12月7日付で出願された日本国特許出願(特願2012-268396)、2013年6月26日付で出願された日本国特許出願(特願2013-133480)及び2013年7月29日付で出願された日本国特許出願(特願2013-156294)に基づいており、その全体が引用により援用される。また、ここに引用されるすべての参照は全体として取り込まれる。
2 恒温槽
3 反応チャンバー
4 基板
5 反応ガス
6 希釈ガス
7 キャリアガス
8 マスフローコントローラー
9 マスフローコントローラー
10 マスフローコントローラー
11 油回転式ポンプ
12 排気
Claims (29)
- 一般式(A)
- R1aが炭素数1~6のアルキル基であり、R2a、R3a、R4a及びR5aが水素原子であり、R6a及びR7aがメチル基である請求項2に記載のルテニウム錯体。
- R1aがメチル基又はエチル基であり、R2a、R3a、R4a及びR5aが水素原子であり、R6a及びR7aがメチル基である請求項2又は3に記載のルテニウム錯体。
- nが0である請求項5に記載のルテニウム錯体。
- R8及びR9がメチル基である請求項5又は6に記載のルテニウム錯体。
- R10が炭素数1~6のアルキル基であり、R11、R12、R13及びR14が水素原子であり、R15、R16及びR17全てが同時に水素原子又はメチル基であり、R18がメチル基である請求項8に記載のルテニウム錯体。
- R10がエチル基であり、R11、R12、R13及びR14が水素原子であり、R15、R16及びR17全てが同時に水素原子又はメチル基であり、R18がメチル基である請求項8又は9に記載のルテニウム錯体。
- R1が炭素数1~6のアルキル基であり、R2、R3、R4及びR5が水素原子であり、R6及びR7がメチル基である請求項11に記載のルテニウム錯体の製造方法。
- R1がメチル基又はエチル基であり、R2、R3、R4及びR5が水素原子であり、R6及びR7がメチル基である請求項11又は12に記載のルテニウム錯体の製造方法。
- 塩基がアルカリ金属炭酸塩又はアルキルアミンである請求項11~13のいずれかに記載のルテニウム錯体の製造方法。
- R19bがメチル基である、請求項15に記載のカチオン性トリス(ニトリル)錯体。
- R1bがエチル基であり、R19bがメチル基である、請求項15又は16に記載のカチオン性トリス(ニトリル)錯体。
- 一般式(6)
一般式R19CN(R19は炭素数1~4のアルキル基を表す。)で示されるニトリルと、
一般式H+Z-(式中、Z-は対アニオンを表す。)で示されるプロトン酸と、
を反応させる、一般式(4)
- R19がメチル基である請求項18又は19に記載のカチオン性トリス(ニトリル)錯体の製造方法。
- 一般式(6)
一般式R19CN(R19は炭素数1~4のアルキル基を表す。)で示されるニトリルと、
一般式H+Z-(式中、Z-は対アニオンを表す)で示されるプロトン酸と、
を反応させることにより、一般式(4)
- R19がメチル基である請求項21又は22に記載のルテニウム錯体の製造方法。
- 塩基が有機塩基である請求項24に記載のルテニウム錯体の製造方法。
- 請求項5~7のいずれかに記載のルテニウム錯体を気化させ、該ルテニウム錯体を基板上で分解する、ルテニウム含有薄膜の作製方法。
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EP13860425.1A EP2930179B1 (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2013-12-06 | Ruthenium complex and method for producing same, and method for producing ruthenium-containing thin film |
CN201380069822.9A CN104903337B (zh) | 2012-12-07 | 2013-12-06 | 钌络合物及其制造方法以及含钌薄膜的制作方法 |
KR1020157016901A KR102040043B1 (ko) | 2012-12-07 | 2013-12-06 | 루테늄 착체 및 그 제조 방법 그리고 루테늄 함유 박막의 제작 방법 |
SG11201504465TA SG11201504465TA (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2013-12-06 | Ruthenium complex, method for producing same, and method for producing ruthenium-containing thin film |
US14/650,274 US9349601B2 (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2013-12-06 | Ruthenium complex, method for producing same, and method for producing ruthenium-containing thin film |
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JP6912913B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2021-08-04 | 株式会社Adeka | 原子層堆積法による酸化イットリウム含有薄膜の製造方法 |
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KR102618936B1 (ko) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-12-28 | (주)원익머트리얼즈 | 신규한 루테늄 유기금속화합물 및 이의 제조방법 |
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