WO2014087763A1 - 排気浄化装置の劣化判定システム - Google Patents

排気浄化装置の劣化判定システム Download PDF

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WO2014087763A1
WO2014087763A1 PCT/JP2013/079269 JP2013079269W WO2014087763A1 WO 2014087763 A1 WO2014087763 A1 WO 2014087763A1 JP 2013079269 W JP2013079269 W JP 2013079269W WO 2014087763 A1 WO2014087763 A1 WO 2014087763A1
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Prior art keywords
ammonia
nox
amount
catalyst
nox catalyst
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PCT/JP2013/079269
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
有史 松本
徹 木所
大河 萩本
一哉 高岡
大和 西嶋
雄貴 照井
昭文 魚住
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トヨタ自動車株式会社
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Priority to RU2015126536/06A priority Critical patent/RU2593727C1/ru
Priority to CN201380063268.3A priority patent/CN104854322B/zh
Priority to EP13860029.1A priority patent/EP2927450B1/en
Priority to AU2013356013A priority patent/AU2013356013B2/en
Priority to US14/648,765 priority patent/US9366168B2/en
Publication of WO2014087763A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014087763A1/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067—Urea
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/18—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1616—NH3-slip from catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1622—Catalyst reducing agent absorption capacity or consumption amount
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a deterioration determination system for an exhaust purification device.
  • NOx catalyst a selective reduction type NOx catalyst
  • ammonia or an ammonia precursor for example, urea
  • a supply valve or the like is installed.
  • ammonia is converted to NO in an ammonia slip catalyst provided downstream of the NOx catalyst (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Further, it is known that ammonia is converted to NO at 400 ° C. or higher in an ammonia slip catalyst provided downstream of the NOx catalyst (see, for example, Patent Document 3). Further, it is known that when ammonia is converted to NO in the sensor cell of the NOx sensor, the sensor output increases (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
  • ammonia may desorb from the NOx catalyst. Such desorption of ammonia can occur even with a normal NOx catalyst, so this is not an abnormality of the NOx catalyst itself. Further, depending on the temperature of the NOx catalyst, the temperature of the oxidation catalyst, and the flow rate of the exhaust gas, even if the oxidation catalyst is normal, the ammonia flowing out from the NOx catalyst is not oxidized in the oxidation catalyst, or the ammonia flowing out from the NOx catalyst is Or convert to Therefore, even if the NOx catalyst and the oxidation catalyst are normal, ammonia may flow out downstream from the oxidation catalyst, or NOx converted from ammonia may flow out.
  • the NOx sensor since the NOx sensor also detects ammonia, when the NOx sensor is provided downstream from the oxidation catalyst, NOx and ammonia flowing out from the oxidation catalyst are detected. For this reason, when the NOx purification rate is calculated based on the NOx concentration upstream of the NOx catalyst and the NOx concentration downstream of the oxidation catalyst, ammonia and NOx flowing out from the oxidation catalyst as the temperature of the NOx catalyst rises, The NOx purification rate is calculated low. If the exhaust gas purification device is determined to be deteriorated based on the NOx purification rate, it may be determined that the NOx catalyst and the oxidation catalyst are deteriorated even though they are normal.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to suppress erroneous determination at the time of deterioration determination in an exhaust purification device deterioration determination system having a selective reduction type NOx catalyst. It is to further improve the accuracy of deterioration determination.
  • the present invention provides: A selective reduction type NOx catalyst provided in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and using ammonia as a reducing agent; A reducing agent supply unit that supplies ammonia or a precursor of ammonia into the exhaust gas flowing into the selective reduction type NOx catalyst upstream of the selective reduction type NOx catalyst; A catalyst provided on the downstream side of the selective reduction type NOx catalyst and having oxidation ability; A NOx sensor that is provided downstream of the catalyst having oxidation ability and detects NOx in the exhaust gas flowing out from the catalyst having oxidation ability, and also detects ammonia in the exhaust gas as NOx; A degradation determination unit that performs degradation determination of the selective reduction type NOx catalyst based on a detection value of the NOx sensor; In the exhaust emission control device deterioration judgment system having The amount of ammonia adsorbed on the selective reduction type NOx catalyst is larger than the equilibrium adsorption amount which is the amount of ammonia adsorption when the adsorption and desorption of ammonia on the
  • An outflow amount calculation unit for calculating a value When the value calculated by the outflow amount calculation unit exceeds a threshold value, the use of the detected value of the NOx sensor is restricted in the deterioration determination by the deterioration determination unit, or the deterioration determination itself by the deterioration determination unit is prohibited.
  • the deterioration determination unit performs deterioration determination of the NOx catalyst provided in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine.
  • the NOx catalyst adsorbs ammonia in the exhaust gas and selectively reduces NOx using it as a reducing agent.
  • the ammonia consumed by the NOx catalyst is ammonia or an ammonia precursor (for example, urea) supplied to the exhaust gas by the reducing agent supply unit.
  • the supplied ammonia or the like may be supplied to the exhaust in an aqueous solution state or may be supplied to the exhaust in a gaseous state.
  • a NOx sensor for detecting NOx in the exhaust gas flowing out from the catalyst is provided.
  • This NOx sensor is a type of NOx sensor that receives so-called ammonia interference. Therefore, when ammonia is contained in the exhaust gas, the NOx sensor has a characteristic that the ammonia is also detected as NOx. Therefore, the detected value of the NOx sensor depends on NOx and ammonia contained in the exhaust gas.
  • the deterioration determination unit performs the deterioration determination of the NOx catalyst using the detected value of the NOx sensor. That is, by using the detected value of the NOx sensor as the NOx amount in the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx catalyst and using the NOx amount in the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst, for example, the deterioration of the NOx catalyst based on the NOx purification rate. Judgment is possible. Generally, when the NOx purification rate of the NOx catalyst falls below a reference value, it can be determined that the catalyst has deteriorated.
  • the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the catalyst carrier and the amount of ammonia desorbed from the catalyst carrier can be successively changed according to the environment (catalyst temperature, etc.) where the NOx catalyst is placed.
  • the environment where the NOx catalyst is placed is stable, a state where the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the catalyst carrier and the amount of ammonia desorbed from the catalyst carrier is balanced, that is, an equilibrium state is reached.
  • the ammonia adsorption amount on the NOx catalyst that has reached an equilibrium state with respect to the adsorption of ammonia is referred to as an equilibrium adsorption amount.
  • the NOx catalyst exhibits a characteristic that the equilibrium adsorption amount decreases as the temperature increases (hereinafter also referred to as “adsorption characteristic”). Even if the NOx catalyst is deteriorated, the adsorption characteristics can be confirmed although the NOx purification rate in the NOx catalyst is low.
  • the present applicant has erroneously deteriorated the NOx catalyst that should be determined to be normal when performing the deterioration determination by the deterioration determination unit using the detected value of the NOx sensor with respect to the NOx catalyst. It was found that there is a possibility of being judged as (not normal).
  • ammonia when the adsorption amount of ammonia becomes excessive due to the temperature rise of the NOx catalyst, the amount of ammonia flowing out from the NOx catalyst increases as a result.
  • This ammonia can be oxidized in a catalyst having oxidation ability, but depending on the conditions at that time, ammonia may pass through the catalyst having oxidation ability without being oxidized. In some cases, ammonia is converted to NOx in a catalyst having oxidation ability and flows out of the catalyst having oxidation ability in the state of NOx.
  • the NOx sensor arranged downstream of the catalyst having oxidation ability detects NOx and ammonia
  • ammonia passing through the catalyst having oxidation ability as described above hereinafter also referred to as “slip ammonia”.
  • ammonia converted to NOx hereinafter also referred to as “NOx-converted ammonia” in the catalyst having oxidation ability increases the detection value.
  • the NOx purification rate of the NOx catalyst calculated based on the detection value of the NOx sensor apparently decreases. Therefore, even if the NOx catalyst is in a state where it should be determined to be normal, it is determined that the NOx catalyst is erroneously deteriorated (not normal) due to the apparent decrease in the NOx purification rate. There is a risk of
  • the deterioration determination limiting unit suppresses the erroneous determination at the time of deterioration determination.
  • the use of the detected value is limited, or the deterioration determination itself is prohibited.
  • the threshold value here may be a value when the accuracy of deterioration determination is a desired accuracy or a value when the accuracy of deterioration determination is within an allowable range. This threshold value may be determined according to laws and regulations.
  • the slip ammonia amount or the NOx converted ammonia amount is related to the ammonia amount flowing out from the NOx catalyst, it can be obtained based on the ammonia amount flowing out from the NOx catalyst.
  • the amount of ammonia flowing out from the NOx catalyst may be the amount of ammonia desorbed from the NOx catalyst when the temperature of the NOx catalyst rises.
  • the NOx catalyst is deteriorated even though it is normal. It can suppress that it determines with having. Therefore, it is possible to improve the accuracy of determining the deterioration of the NOx catalyst.
  • the outflow amount calculation unit includes the oxidation amount out of the ammonia amount flowing into the oxidation ability catalyst based on the temperature of the oxidation ability catalyst and the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine. One or the total value of the amount of ammonia flowing out from the catalyst having the ability or the amount of ammonia converted into NOx in the catalyst having the ability to oxidize can be calculated.
  • the degree to which this ammonia is oxidized is related to the temperature of the catalyst having oxidation ability and the flow rate of exhaust gas passing through the catalyst having oxidation ability. Therefore, the ratio of the slip ammonia amount to the ammonia amount flowing into the catalyst having oxidation ability, and the ratio of the NOx converted ammonia amount to the ammonia amount flowing into the catalyst having oxidation ability are determined by the temperature of the catalyst having the oxidation ability and the internal combustion engine. This is related to the amount of intake air.
  • the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine is related to the flow rate of the exhaust gas that passes through the catalyst having oxidation ability. That is, the ammonia slip amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount can be calculated based on the temperature of the catalyst having oxidation ability and the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine.
  • the deterioration determination unit To determine the NOx purification rate in the selective reduction NOx catalyst calculated based on the detected value of the NOx sensor and the amount of NOx in the exhaust flowing into the selective reduction NOx catalyst, to determine the deterioration of the selective reduction NOx catalyst The deterioration judgment is performed by comparing with the judgment threshold which is the threshold of When the value calculated by the outflow amount calculation unit is equal to or less than the threshold value, the determination threshold value can be changed based on the calculated value by the outflow amount calculation means.
  • the use of the detected value of the NOx sensor is not limited in the deterioration determination by the deterioration determination unit. Further, the deterioration determination itself by the deterioration determination unit is not prohibited. However, even in such a case, slip ammonia or NOx-converted ammonia flows out from the catalyst having oxidation ability and can be detected by the NOx sensor. Although the amount of change in the detected value of the NOx sensor at this time is small, the accuracy of deterioration determination can be further improved by changing the determination threshold according to the amount of change.
  • the slip ammonia amount or the NOx converted ammonia amount is changed. The influence can be reduced.
  • the equilibrium adsorption amount decreases as the temperature of the selective reduction NOx catalyst increases, at least the actual ammonia adsorption amount of the selective reduction NOx catalyst, the equilibrium adsorption amount, And an inflow amount calculating section for calculating the amount of ammonia flowing into the catalyst having oxidation ability based on the excess adsorption amount that is the difference between the two.
  • the inflow amount calculation unit can calculate the amount of ammonia flowing into the catalyst having oxidation ability based on the excessive adsorption amount.
  • the inflow amount calculation unit further includes Amount of ammonia adsorbed excessively on the selective reduction type NOx catalyst due to an excessive reducing agent among the reducing agents supplied from the reducing agent supply unit; Ammonia consumed in the selective reduction NOx catalyst more than in the equilibrium state for NOx reduction due to adsorption of more ammonia than the equilibrium adsorption amount in the selective reduction NOx catalyst Quantity, A value calculated by the inflow amount calculation unit; The excess adsorption amount can be calculated based on at least one of the following.
  • the ammonia adsorbed excessively on the NOx catalyst is ammonia that is surplus with respect to the ammonia required for NOx reduction.
  • more ammonia may be supplied than the amount of ammonia required for NOx reduction. Even in such a case, more ammonia can be adsorbed on the NOx catalyst than in the equilibrium state.
  • the amount of ammonia adsorbed excessively on the NOx catalyst acts in the direction of increasing the amount of excessive adsorption.
  • the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst increases, it becomes easier to reduce NOx, and thus the amount of ammonia consumption increases. This is true even when more ammonia is adsorbed than in the equilibrium state. Therefore, when more ammonia is adsorbed than in the equilibrium state, the amount of ammonia consumption increases compared to the equilibrium state. And the amount of ammonia consumed more than in the equilibrium state acts in the direction of decreasing the excess adsorption amount.
  • the value calculated by the inflow amount calculation unit can be the amount of ammonia flowing out from the NOx catalyst.
  • the amount of ammonia desorbed from the NOx catalyst changes according to the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst. That is, as the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst is larger, ammonia is more easily desorbed, so that the amount of ammonia desorbed is larger.
  • the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst also changes according to the amount of ammonia desorbed from the NOx catalyst. That is, the greater the amount of ammonia desorbed from the NOx catalyst, the smaller the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst, so the excess adsorption amount decreases.
  • the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst and the amount of ammonia desorbed from the NOx catalyst affect each other.
  • the value calculated by the inflow amount calculation unit that is, the ammonia amount flowing out from the NOx catalyst acts in the direction of decreasing the excessive adsorption amount.
  • the amount of ammonia that flows out of the NOx catalyst changes depending on the amount of ammonia that is excessively adsorbed on the NOx catalyst, the amount of ammonia consumed that increases from the equilibrium state, and the value calculated by the inflow amount calculation unit.
  • the amount of ammonia converted to NOx can also vary. Therefore, the accuracy of deterioration determination is improved by calculating the excess adsorption amount taking into account the amount of ammonia adsorbed excessively on the NOx catalyst, the amount of ammonia consumption increased from the equilibrium state, and the value calculated by the inflow amount calculation unit. Can be made.
  • the amount of ammonia consumption that increases from the equilibrium state may be set to zero.
  • the NOx catalyst is normal, the NOx purification rate when the equilibrium state is reached with respect to the adsorption of ammonia is approximately 100%. For this reason, the NOx purification rate becomes 100% even in a state where more ammonia is adsorbed than in the equilibrium state and hardly changes. For this reason, the consumption of ammonia hardly changes. Therefore, the amount of ammonia consumption that increases from the equilibrium state can be considered as zero.
  • the present invention in the deterioration determination system for the exhaust gas purification apparatus having the selective reduction type NOx catalyst, it is possible to further improve the accuracy of deterioration determination by suppressing erroneous determination at the time of deterioration determination.
  • FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the intake system of the internal combustion engine which concerns on an Example, and an exhaust system. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the ammonia adsorption amount in a NOx catalyst, and the ammonia amount which flows in into an ASC catalyst. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the temperature of a NOx catalyst, and the ammonia adsorption amount in a NOx catalyst. It is the figure which showed typically the adsorption amount of ammonia in the NOx catalyst which the catalyst temperature rose rapidly and the adsorption state reached the state shown from the point P1 to the point P3. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the temperature of a NOx catalyst, and the desorption amount of ammonia.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an intake system and an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine according to the present embodiment.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is a diesel engine for driving a vehicle.
  • An exhaust passage 2 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the exhaust passage 2 is provided with a selective reduction type NOx catalyst 3 (hereinafter referred to as “NOx catalyst 3”) that selectively reduces NOx in the exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent, and further downstream of the NOx catalyst 3.
  • NOx catalyst 3 selective reduction type NOx catalyst 3
  • An oxidation catalyst 4 (hereinafter referred to as “ASC catalyst 4”) for oxidizing ammonia slipping from the NOx catalyst 3 is provided.
  • the ASC catalyst 4 corresponds to the catalyst having oxidation ability in the present invention.
  • the ASC catalyst 4 should just have oxidation ability, other catalysts, such as a three-way catalyst, may be sufficient.
  • urea water stored in the urea tank 6 is added to the exhaust gas by the supply valve 5 in order to generate ammonia that acts as a reducing agent in the NOx catalyst 3.
  • the supply valve 5 corresponds to the reducing agent supply unit in the present invention.
  • a particulate filter that collects PM in the exhaust, and further on the upstream side thereof, an oxidation catalyst for oxidizing predetermined components (unburned fuel, CO, etc.) in the exhaust May be provided.
  • a NOx sensor 7 for detecting NOx in the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst 3 is provided on the upstream side of the NOx catalyst 3, and NOx in the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx catalyst 3 is detected on the downstream side of the NOx catalyst 3.
  • a NOx sensor 8 for detecting the exhaust temperature and a temperature sensor 9 for detecting the exhaust gas temperature are provided.
  • an intake passage 15 is connected to the internal combustion engine 1.
  • An air flow meter 16 that detects the flow rate of the intake air is provided in the intake passage 15.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is provided with an electronic control unit (ECU) 20.
  • the ECU 20 is a unit that controls the operating state of the internal combustion engine 1, an exhaust purification device, and the like.
  • the crank position sensor 11 and the accelerator opening sensor 12 are electrically connected to the ECU 20, and the detection values of each sensor are passed to the ECU 20. It is.
  • the ECU 20 can grasp the operating state of the internal combustion engine 1 such as the engine speed based on the detection by the crank position sensor 11 and the engine load based on the detection by the accelerator opening sensor 12.
  • the NOx in the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst 3 can be detected by the NOx sensor 7, but the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 (the exhaust gas before being purified by the NOx catalyst 3) Since NOx contained in the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst 3 is related to the operating state of the internal combustion engine, it can be estimated based on the operating state of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the ECU 20 can estimate the temperatures of the NOx catalyst 3 and the ASC catalyst 4 based on the exhaust temperature detected by the temperature sensor 9 or the temperature sensor provided upstream of the NOx catalyst 3. Further, the ECU 20 can estimate the flow rate of the exhaust gas based on the intake air amount detected by the air flow meter 16.
  • the ECU 20 issues an instruction to the supply valve 5 to supply an amount of urea water required for NOx reduction purification into the exhaust gas. Is done.
  • the NOx catalyst 3 is not in an activated state, NOx purification using the supplied urea water cannot be performed effectively, so the urea water supply from the supply valve 5 is estimated NOx. This is performed when the temperature of the catalyst 3 is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature at which the catalyst is in an active state.
  • the deterioration determination of the NOx catalyst 3 will be described.
  • the NOx sensor 7 and the NOx sensor 8 are subject to ammonia interference. For this reason, if ammonia molecules are contained in the exhaust gas flowing into the detection portions of the NOx sensors 7 and 8, it is detected as NOx. In consideration of this point, the NOx sensor 7 is disposed away from the supply valve 5 to the upstream side so as not to be affected by the urea water supplied into the exhaust gas from the supply valve 5.
  • ammonia that is generated by the urea water supplied from the supply valve 5 is not subjected to the selective reduction reaction in the NOx catalyst 3, and is not oxidized and removed by the ASC catalyst 4.
  • slip ammonia ammonia generated by urea water supplied from the supply valve 5 and is not subjected to the selective reduction reaction in the NOx catalyst 3, and is oxidized by the ASC catalyst 4 and converted to NOx. It is affected by ammonia (hereinafter referred to as “NOx converted ammonia”).
  • the apparent NOx purification rate calculated based on the detected values of the NOx sensor 7 and the NOx sensor 8 is slip ammonia and NOx converted ammonia with respect to the actual NOx purification rate in the NOx catalyst 3. Decreases by the amount of. That is, the apparent NOx purification rate decreases by the following amount.
  • the apparent decrease in the NOx purification rate (slip ammonia amount + NOx converted ammonia amount) / (NOx amount obtained from the detected value of the NOx sensor 7) (Equation 2) Note that each “amount” in Equation 2 may be a “concentration”.
  • the slip ammonia amount or the NOx converted ammonia amount is temporarily generated in a specific transient state in which the operation state of the internal combustion engine 1 fluctuates.
  • the present applicant has found a phenomenon in which increases. Since the NOx purification rate calculated based on the detected value of the NOx sensor 8 is affected by slip ammonia or NOx converted ammonia, if the slip ammonia amount or NOx converted ammonia amount temporarily increases, a specific transient state In this case, the apparent NOx purification rate decreases. As a result, there is a possibility that the calculated NOx purification rate may fall below the determination threshold value even though the NOx catalyst 3 is normal. Therefore, it is determined that the NOx catalyst 3 that should originally be determined to be in a normal state is in a deteriorated state.
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing the relationship between the ammonia adsorption amount in the NOx catalyst 3 and the ammonia amount flowing into the ASC catalyst 4.
  • the “equilibrium adsorption amount” is the ammonia adsorption amount in the equilibrium state with respect to the adsorption of ammonia.
  • the equilibrium state here means a state in which the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst carrier and the amount of ammonia adsorbed from the carrier are balanced, and the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the carrier is apparently constant.
  • the ammonia adsorption amount at the NOx catalyst 3 is smaller than the equilibrium adsorption amount, the ammonia adsorption is dominant at the NOx catalyst 3, and when it is larger than the equilibrium adsorption amount, the ammonia desorption at the NOx catalyst 3 is performed. Becomes dominant.
  • ammonia desorption becomes dominant, the amount of ammonia flowing out from the NOx catalyst 3 increases, and thus the amount of ammonia flowing into the ASC catalyst 4 increases. This phenomenon becomes more prominent as the ammonia adsorption amount increases.
  • the equilibrium adsorption amount greatly depends on the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 and the ammonia adsorption amount in the NOx catalyst 3.
  • a solid line L1 indicates the equilibrium adsorption amount.
  • the amount of ammonia adsorbed when the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 rises in the NOx catalyst 3 in an equilibrium state with respect to the adsorption of ammonia will be considered.
  • the catalyst temperature is 250 ° C.
  • the NOx catalyst 3 is in an equilibrium state (that is, a state represented by a point P1 (catalyst temperature 250 ° C., ammonia adsorption amount X1)).
  • the catalyst temperature gradually changes from 250 ° C. to 350 ° C.
  • the adsorption state of the NOx catalyst 3 defined by the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 and the ammonia adsorption amount is the equilibrium defined by the solid line L1.
  • an equilibrium state that is, a state represented by a point P2 (catalyst temperature 350 ° C., ammonia adsorption amount X2)
  • the NOx catalyst 3 is always in an equilibrium state.
  • the state that is, the state represented by the point P3 (catalyst temperature 350 ° C., ammonia adsorption amount X1) is reached.
  • the state represented by this point P3 can be said to be a state where ammonia is excessively adsorbed (hereinafter, also referred to as “adsorption excessive state”) because the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 has risen rapidly.
  • ammonia in the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx catalyst 3. Increases temporarily. Due to this temporary increase in ammonia, there is a possibility that the NOx purification rate falls below the determination threshold, and it is determined that the NOx catalyst 3 that should originally be determined to be in a normal state is erroneously deteriorated ( There is a possibility that the above-mentioned erroneous deterioration determination) is performed. In such a case, it is preferable to refrain from calculating the NOx purification rate using the detection value of the NOx sensor 8 (calculation based on the above equation 1).
  • the amount of ammonia desorbed from the NOx catalyst 3 is estimated, and the slip ammonia amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount are further estimated based on this value.
  • the slip ammonia amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount or the total value thereof exceeds the threshold value, the calculation of the NOx purification rate using the detected value of the NOx sensor 8 is prohibited, or the exhaust gas is exhausted. Prohibition of deterioration of purification device is prohibited.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the amount of adsorption of ammonia in the NOx catalyst 3 in which the catalyst temperature has risen rapidly and the adsorption state has reached the state shown from the point P1 to the point P3.
  • the displacement represented by the upward arrow acts in the direction of increasing the excess amount related to the adsorption of ammonia
  • the displacement represented by the downward arrow represents the adsorption of ammonia. It acts in the direction of reducing the excess amount.
  • the ammonia adsorption amount that exceeds the equilibrium adsorption amount is referred to as “excess adsorption amount”.
  • the arrow X11 means the excessive adsorption amount (X1-X2) generated when the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 is rapidly increased. Note that the relationship between the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 and the equilibrium adsorption amount is obtained in advance by experiments or simulations and stored in the ECU 20. Then, according to the relationship, an equilibrium adsorption amount corresponding to the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 can be calculated.
  • ammonia adsorption amount can also vary depending on the amount of NOx flowing into the NOx catalyst 3. For this reason, the excessive adsorption amount may be calculated in consideration of the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 and the amount of NOx flowing into the NOx catalyst 3.
  • the excessive adsorption amount of the NOx catalyst 3 it is preferable to consider the following three factors in addition to the arrow X11. By considering these factors, the amount of excessive adsorption can be grasped more accurately.
  • the urea water amount supplied from the supply valve 5 may be increased or decreased regardless of the state of the NOx catalyst 3. For example, in an operation state in which the temperature of the supply valve 5 is considered to be too high, more urea water is supplied from the supply valve 5 than is necessary for NOx purification in order to reduce the temperature of the supply valve 5. To do. That is, the temperature of the supply valve 5 is lowered by causing more urea water to flow through the supply valve 5. In such a case, the amount of ammonia flowing into the NOx catalyst 3 increases.
  • ammonia adsorption amount ⁇ N1 resulting from the urea water supply by the supply valve 5 is represented by an arrow X12 in FIG. 4, and the magnitude thereof can be represented by the following equation.
  • ⁇ N1 Ammonia production amount by supplied urea water ⁇ reference ammonia production amount (formula 3)
  • ammonia production amount by the supplied urea water data is obtained in advance through experiments or the like regarding the relationship between the supplied urea water amount and the exhaust temperature, and the data is stored in a memory in the ECU 20 as a control map. deep. Then, by accessing the control map as needed, the amount of ammonia supplied to the NOx catalyst 3 can be calculated based on the amount of urea water supplied by the supply valve 5 and the exhaust temperature.
  • the “reference ammonia production amount” is the amount of ammonia that can be used for the reduction reaction, and may be obtained in advance through experiments or the like.
  • the urea water supply amount may be reduced for some reason.
  • the arrow X12 in FIG. 4 is directed downward, and acts in a direction to reduce the excess amount related to the adsorption of ammonia.
  • the adsorption state of the NOx catalyst shown at point P3 can be said to be a state out of the equilibrium state, that is, a non-equilibrium state.
  • the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst 3 increases, so compared with the case where the NOx catalyst 3 is in an equilibrium state at the same catalyst temperature
  • This increase in consumption of ammonia acts in a direction to reduce the excessive adsorption amount.
  • the ammonia consumption increase amount ⁇ N2 is represented by an arrow X13 in FIG.
  • the ammonia consumption increase amount ⁇ N2 the ammonia adsorption amount, the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3, and the exhaust flow rate (may be the intake air amount) are used as parameters, and these parameters are associated with the increase amount of the NOx purification rate.
  • a control map is constructed through a prior experiment and stored in a memory in the ECU 20. Then, the control map is accessed at any time, and the increase in consumption of ammonia is calculated from the increase in the NOx purification rate and the amount of NOx in the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst 3 in the NOx catalyst 3 that is in an unbalanced state at any time.
  • ⁇ N2 can be calculated.
  • the NOx purification rate in the equilibrium state is approximately 100%.
  • the NOx purification rate is naturally about 100%. That is, since the NOx purification rate hardly changes even in an equilibrium state or a non-equilibrium state, it is considered that the increase in consumption of ammonia ⁇ N2 is extremely small. Therefore, the value of the ammonia consumption increase amount ⁇ N2 may be fixedly set to zero.
  • ammonia desorption amount from the NOx catalyst 3 In the NOx catalyst 3 in an excessive adsorption state, ammonia can be desorbed from the NOx catalyst 3. However, just because it is in an excessively adsorbed state does not mean that all of the excessively adsorbed ammonia will be desorbed all at once. That is, the excessive adsorption amount gradually decreases.
  • the desorption amount of ammonia acts in a direction to reduce the excessive adsorption amount.
  • This ammonia desorption amount ⁇ N3 is represented by an arrow X14 in FIG.
  • the ammonia desorption amount ⁇ N3 can be calculated by, for example, the following equation using the excessive adsorption amount and the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 as parameters.
  • ⁇ N3 k ⁇ excess adsorption amount ⁇ exp ( ⁇ Ea / NOx catalyst temperature) (Formula 4) Note that k and Ea are constants obtained in advance through experiments or simulations.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 and the desorption amount ⁇ N3 of ammonia.
  • the ammonia desorption amount ⁇ N3 depends on the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3. As the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 increases, the ammonia desorption amount ⁇ N3 increases, but the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 increases. The degree of increase in the ammonia desorption amount ⁇ N3 with respect to the degree of increase in the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 is reduced.
  • the excessive adsorption amount in the NOx catalyst 3 can be accurately grasped by considering the above (1)-(3) with respect to the excessive adsorption amount (X1-X2) caused by the temperature rise.
  • the ammonia adsorption amount ⁇ X obtained by subtracting the sizes of the arrow X13 and the arrow X14 from the size of the arrow X11 and the arrow X12 corresponds to the final excessive adsorption amount of the NOx catalyst 3.
  • the final excessive adsorption amount ⁇ X of the NOx catalyst 3 can be said to be a value obtained in consideration of the increase / decrease in the ammonia adsorption amount during one cycle in the calculation cycle.
  • the desorption amount ⁇ N3 of ammonia uses the excessive adsorption amount as a parameter
  • the excessive adsorption amount uses the ammonia desorption amount ⁇ N3 as a parameter.
  • the excess adsorption amount and the ammonia desorption amount ⁇ N3 can be repeatedly calculated by using the ammonia desorption amount ⁇ N3 calculated one cycle before the calculation cycle. Then, the amount of the excessive adsorption amount ⁇ X calculated one cycle before the calculation cycle is further added to the combined size of the arrow X11 and the arrow X12 in the next cycle, and the arrow X13 and the arrow are calculated from the value.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst 3 from time (t) when the catalyst temperature suddenly rises to time (t + 1) one cycle later in the calculation cycle. It is a figure.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the transition of the amount of adsorbed ammonia when the catalyst temperature rises rapidly. 6 and 7, (t-1) indicates the value at the previous cycle of the calculation cycle, (t) indicates the calculation cycle and the value at the current cycle, and (t + 1) is the calculation cycle. The value at the next cycle is shown.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst 3 from time (t) when the catalyst temperature suddenly rises to time (t + 1) one cycle later in the calculation cycle. It is a figure.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the transition of the amount of adsorbed ammonia when the catalyst temperature rises rapidly. 6 and 7, (t-1) indicates the value at the previous cycle of the calculation cycle, (t) indicates the calculation cycle and the value at the current cycle
  • the alternate long and short dash line indicates the equilibrium adsorption amount
  • the solid line indicates the actual adsorption amount.
  • the excessive adsorption amount ⁇ X (t) at time (t) can be calculated based on the relationship shown in FIG. 4, and the excessive adsorption amount ⁇ X (t + 1) at time (t + 1) is related to the relationship shown in FIG. Can be calculated based on this.
  • the excessive adsorption amount ⁇ X after time (t + 1) can be calculated based on the relationship shown in FIG.
  • the subsequent excessive adsorption amount ⁇ X can be repeatedly calculated in consideration of the excessive adsorption amount ⁇ X calculated in the previous cycle.
  • the ammonia desorbed from the NOx catalyst 3 may be purified by being oxidized in the ASC catalyst 4.
  • Formula 5 above is a reaction in which ammonia is converted to N 2 . Since this N 2 is not detected by the NOx sensor 8, it does not affect the NOx purification rate.
  • Formula 6 above is a reaction in which ammonia is converted to NO. That is, it is a reaction in which NO is generated by NOx converted ammonia. Since this NO is detected by the NOx sensor 8, when the reaction of the above equation 6 occurs, the NOx purification rate decreases.
  • the above formula 7 is a reaction in which ammonia is converted to N 2 O. Since N 2 O is not detected by the NOx sensor 8, it does not affect the NOx purification rate.
  • the above formula 8 shows that ammonia passes through the ASC catalyst 4 without reacting. The ammonia passing through the ASC catalyst 4 is slip ammonia.
  • Equation 8 ammonia is detected by the NOx sensor 8, so when ammonia passes through the ASC catalyst 4, the NOx purification rate decreases.
  • the NOx purification rate is calculated based on the detection value of the NOx sensor 8, it may be difficult to correctly calculate the NOx purification rate in the NOx catalyst 3 when slip ammonia and NOx conversion ammonia are present.
  • the amount of ammonia desorbed from the NOx catalyst 3 is estimated, and the slip ammonia amount or the NOx converted ammonia amount is further estimated based on this value.
  • the slip ammonia amount or the NOx converted ammonia amount is calculated based on the ammonia desorption amount from the NOx catalyst 3.
  • the method for calculating the ammonia desorption amount has been described in (3) above.
  • a method for calculating the slip ammonia amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount based on the ammonia desorption amount will be described.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 and the NOx conversion rate.
  • the NOx conversion rate is the ratio of the amount of ammonia converted to NOx to the amount of ammonia flowing into the ASC catalyst 4.
  • the NOx conversion rate is related to the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 and the intake air amount Ga (which may be an exhaust flow rate). If the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 and the intake air amount Ga are obtained, the NOx conversion rate can be obtained according to the relationship of FIG. Note that the relationship shown in FIG. 8 is obtained in advance through experiments or simulations, and is mapped and stored in the ECU 20. Then, by accessing the map, the NOx conversion rate corresponding to the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 and the intake air amount Ga can be calculated. Furthermore, the amount of ammonia converted into NOx can be calculated by multiplying the amount of ammonia flowing into the ASC catalyst 4, that is, the amount of ammonia desorbed from the NOx catalyst 3, by the NOx conversion rate.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 and the ammonia slip rate.
  • the ammonia slip ratio is the ratio of the amount of ammonia passing through the ASC catalyst 4 to the amount of ammonia flowing into the ASC catalyst 4.
  • the ammonia slip ratio is related to the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 and the intake air amount Ga (which may be an exhaust flow rate).
  • the ammonia slip ratio can be obtained according to the relationship of FIG.
  • the relationship shown in FIG. 9 is obtained in advance through experiments or simulations, and is mapped and stored in a memory in the ECU 20.
  • the ammonia slip ratio corresponding to the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 and the intake air amount Ga can be calculated.
  • the slip ammonia amount can be calculated by multiplying the ammonia amount flowing into the ASC catalyst 4, that is, the ammonia desorption amount from the NOx catalyst 3 by the ammonia slip ratio.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a flow of deterioration determination of the exhaust gas purification apparatus according to the present embodiment. The control is performed at predetermined time intervals by the ECU 20.
  • step S101 it is determined whether a condition for performing the deterioration determination is satisfied.
  • Conditions for determining deterioration include, for example, whether the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 and the ASC catalyst 4 is higher than the activation temperature, or whether the temperature of the NOx sensors 7 and 8 has increased to a temperature at which NOx detection can be performed. It is done.
  • the temperatures of the NOx catalyst 3 and the ASC catalyst 4 can be estimated based on the detection value of the temperature sensor 9, and the temperatures of the NOx sensors 7, 8 are based on the elapsed time after the internal combustion engine 1 starts warming up. Can be estimated.
  • One condition may be that the internal combustion engine 1 has been warmed up. If an affirmative determination is made in step S101, the process proceeds to step S102. On the other hand, if a negative determination is made in step S101, the process proceeds to step S107, and the deterioration determination of the exhaust purification device is prohibited.
  • step S102 the calculation of the excessive adsorption amount is started.
  • step S103 the amount of ammonia flowing into the ASC catalyst 4 is calculated.
  • the amount of ammonia flowing into the ASC catalyst 4 is equal to the amount of ammonia desorbed from the NOx catalyst 3. That is, the ammonia desorption amount from the NOx catalyst 3 is calculated as described above.
  • the ECU 20 that processes step S103 corresponds to the inflow amount calculation unit in the present invention.
  • step S104 the ammonia slip amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount are calculated. That is, the NOx conversion rate is calculated according to the relationship shown in FIG. 8, and the NOx conversion ammonia amount is calculated by multiplying the NOx conversion rate by the ammonia amount flowing into the ASC catalyst 4 calculated in step S103. Further, the ammonia slip ratio is obtained according to the relationship shown in FIG. 9, and the ammonia slip ratio is calculated by multiplying the ammonia slip ratio by the ammonia quantity flowing into the ASC catalyst 4 calculated in step S103.
  • the ECU 20 that processes step S104 corresponds to the outflow amount calculation unit in the present invention.
  • step S105 it is determined whether or not the total value of the slip ammonia amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount is equal to or less than a threshold value.
  • This threshold value is obtained in advance through experiments or simulations as a total value that can be used to determine deterioration with a desired determination accuracy, and is stored in the ECU 20. Note that either the slip ammonia amount or the NOx converted ammonia amount may be compared with a threshold value. Moreover, you may compare each of slip ammonia amount and NOx conversion ammonia amount with each threshold value.
  • step S105 If an affirmative determination is made in step S105, the process proceeds to step S106, and the deterioration determination of the exhaust purification device is permitted. On the other hand, if a negative determination is made in step S105, the process proceeds to step S107, and deterioration determination of the exhaust purification device is prohibited.
  • the ECU 20 that processes step S105 and step S107 corresponds to the deterioration determination limiting unit in the present invention.
  • step S107 the use of the detected value of the NOx sensor 8 may be restricted instead of prohibiting the deterioration determination itself.
  • the deterioration determination of the detected value is performed even if the deterioration determination is performed without using the detected value of the NOx sensor 8 or the detected value of the NOx sensor 8 is used. Including reducing the degree of influence on.
  • the exhaust gas purification device deterioration determination is performed.
  • the deterioration determination of the exhaust purification device is performed, for example, by determining whether or not the NOx purification rate calculated from the detected values of the NOx sensors 7 and 8 is equal to or greater than a determination threshold value. That is, if the NOx purification rate is greater than or equal to the determination threshold, it is determined that the exhaust purification device is normal, and if the NOx purification rate is less than the determination threshold, it is determined that the exhaust purification device has deteriorated.
  • the determination threshold is set in advance as the NOx purification rate when it can be said that the exhaust purification device is normal.
  • FIG. 11 is a time chart illustrating the transition (experimental example) of each parameter related to the internal combustion engine 1 when the control shown in FIG. 10 is performed.
  • vehicle speed indicates the speed of the vehicle on which the internal combustion engine 1 is mounted
  • temperature indicates the temperature of the NOx catalyst 3 (solid line) and the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 (dashed line).
  • NOx purification rate indicates the NOx purification rate calculated using the detected values of the NOx sensors 7, 8.
  • “NOx conversion NH 3 + slip NH 3 ” is the amount of NOx conversion ammonia and slip ammonia The total value with the amount is shown.
  • the threshold of "NOx conversion NH 3 + slip NH 3" is a threshold at step S105 of FIG. 10.
  • the horizontal axis of each diagram in FIG. 11 is time, and the transition of each parameter in the common time range is illustrated.
  • the deterioration determination of the exhaust purification device is prohibited. That is, deterioration determination is prohibited during a period when the NOx purification rate may fall below the determination threshold.
  • the deterioration determination by other means may be performed instead.
  • the deterioration determination is prohibited or the detection values of the NOx sensors 7 and 8 are detected. Since use is prohibited, it can be suppressed that the NOx catalyst 3 is determined to be deteriorated despite being normal.
  • the slip ammonia amount can be reduced by using the estimated slip ammonia amount for control of ammonia supply or the like.
  • the fall of a NOx purification rate can be suppressed by using the estimated slip ammonia amount for the control which suppresses the fall of a NOx purification rate.
  • Example 2 In the present embodiment, the determination threshold is changed based on the slip ammonia amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount. Since other devices are the same as those in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
  • the amount of decrease in the NOx purification rate due to slip ammonia and NOx converted ammonia can be estimated based on the above equation 2.
  • the accuracy of deterioration determination can be improved.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a flow of determining the deterioration of the exhaust purification apparatus according to the present embodiment.
  • the control is performed at predetermined time intervals by the ECU 20.
  • symbol is attached
  • step S105 when an affirmative determination is made in step S105, the process proceeds to step S201.
  • step S201 the determination threshold is changed based on the slip ammonia amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount calculated in step S104.
  • the change amount of the determination threshold value may be a reduction amount of the NOx purification rate obtained by the above equation 2. Further, the relationship between the slip ammonia amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount and the change amount of the determination threshold value may be obtained in advance by experiments or the like and stored in the ECU 20.
  • Example 3 In the above embodiment, the determination based on the total value of the slip ammonia amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount is performed, but in this embodiment, the deterioration determination is performed based on either the slip ammonia amount or the NOx converted ammonia amount. . Since other devices are the same as those in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
  • slip ammonia and NOx converted ammonia may be replaced in the following description.
  • the NOx converted ammonia amount is the maximum value that can be taken. That is, it is assumed that the NOx conversion ammonia amount is such that the NOx purification rate can be reduced most.
  • the deterioration determination of the exhaust purification device is performed when the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 is between 200 ° C. and 400 ° C., for example.
  • the NOx conversion ammonia amount may be calculated using the NOx conversion rate when the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 is 400 ° C., for example.
  • the slip ammonia amount is calculated based on the actual temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 and the intake air amount in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
  • the NOx converted ammonia amount may be calculated as described above in step S104 of FIG. 10 and FIG.
  • only one of the slip ammonia amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount may be calculated by using the ASC catalyst 4 that does not generate slip ammonia and NOx converted ammonia at the same time. That is, by using the ASC catalyst 4 such that the temperature and intake air amount of the ASC catalyst 4 generating slip ammonia and the temperature and intake air amount of the ASC catalyst 4 generating NOx conversion ammonia do not overlap, slip ammonia is used. And NOx conversion ammonia are not generated at the same time. Thus, only one of slip ammonia or NOx converted ammonia needs to be considered according to the temperature of the ASC catalyst 4 and the amount of intake air.
  • only the slip ammonia amount or the NOx converted ammonia amount may be calculated by performing the deterioration determination of the NOx catalyst 3 at a temperature where only one of the slip ammonia and the NOx converted ammonia is generated. .
  • Example 1 or 2 only one of the slip ammonia amount or the NOx converted ammonia amount is calculated, and the other may be considered as 0. That is, one of the slip ammonia amount and the NOx converted ammonia amount calculated in step S104 of FIG. 10 and FIG.
  • the deterioration determination of the NOx catalyst 3 can be performed only by calculating either the slip ammonia amount or the NOx converted ammonia amount, so that the processing can be simplified. it can.

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PCT/JP2013/079269 2012-12-03 2013-10-29 排気浄化装置の劣化判定システム WO2014087763A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2015126536/06A RU2593727C1 (ru) 2012-12-03 2013-10-29 Система определения износа устройства регулирования выпуска выхлопного газа
CN201380063268.3A CN104854322B (zh) 2012-12-03 2013-10-29 排气净化装置的劣化判断系统
EP13860029.1A EP2927450B1 (en) 2012-12-03 2013-10-29 Deterioration determination system of exhaust emission control device
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