WO2014086161A1 - 一种汽车前纵梁吸能结构 - Google Patents
一种汽车前纵梁吸能结构 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014086161A1 WO2014086161A1 PCT/CN2013/080567 CN2013080567W WO2014086161A1 WO 2014086161 A1 WO2014086161 A1 WO 2014086161A1 CN 2013080567 W CN2013080567 W CN 2013080567W WO 2014086161 A1 WO2014086161 A1 WO 2014086161A1
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- cover plate
- longitudinal beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
- B62D21/15—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body
- B62D21/152—Front or rear frames
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of automobile engineering, in particular to an energy absorbing structure for improving crashworthiness of an automobile, and particularly relates to an energy absorbing structure for a front side of a vehicle. Background technique
- the front longitudinal beam of a passenger car extends from the front of the vehicle body to the rear of the front floor. As part of the body frame, it supports and connects other sheet metal structural members to provide mounting points for the relevant component assemblies.
- the front longitudinal beam is the main deformation energy absorbing structure during the front frontal collision, and the plastic impact is used to absorb the instantaneous impact energy generated by the collision.
- a good stringer structure is first of all to make the car have a stable crushing deformation in the event of a frontal collision, rather than a bending at the beginning of the collision, and the front acceleration of the car body should not be too large.
- the inductive structure of the front longitudinal beam has poor forming process, poor mechanical properties, and at the same time, the welding process of the front longitudinal beam and other sheet metal structural parts is deteriorated, and the good crash resistance cannot be maintained.
- the invention also provides an automobile front longitudinal beam energy absorbing structure. The technical solution is as follows:
- the utility model relates to an automobile front longitudinal beam energy absorbing structure, comprising a body (1) and a cover plate (2), the body (1) has a U-shaped cross section, and the body (1) opening is arranged outward and is formed with the cover plate (2) Front with closed section
- the longitudinal beam assembly (10), the front longitudinal beam assembly (10) is longitudinally arranged with one or more L-shaped induction structures; the front longitudinal beam assembly (10) can be induced according to the L shape when the front part of the vehicle body is subjected to impact
- the guiding of the structure gradually produces wrinkles from front to back, and progressively collapses and deforms, and the energy is absorbed step by step.
- the L-shaped inducing structure on the body (1) is a first L-shaped inducing structure (101), and one side of the first L-shaped inducing structure (101) is located on the upper wing (11) of the body to form a convex structure or a concave Structure, the other side of the first L-shaped inducing structure (101) is located on the inner wing (12) of the body to form a concave or convex structure.
- a plurality of first L-shaped inducing structures (101) are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the body (1), and a plurality of first L-shaped inducing structures (101) are located at a height of the raised structures of the upper wing (11) of the body. And the depth of the concave structure located in the inner wing (12) of the body decreases from the collision end.
- the raised or concave structure on the upper wing (11) and the inner or convex structure on the inner wing (12) of the body penetrate through and intersect the upper wing (11) and the inner wing (12).
- the L-shaped inducing structure on the cover plate (2) is the upper second L-shaped inducing structure (102), and one side of the one or more second L-shaped inducing structures (102) is flanged on the cover plate (21)
- the upper convex structure or the concave structure is formed, and the other side of the second L-shaped inducing structure (102) is composed of an inner structure or a convex structure on the outer side flap (22) of the cover plate; the upper edge of the cover plate (21)
- the raised structure or the inner structure is sequentially disposed corresponding to the convex structure or the concave structure on the upper wing (11) of the body.
- a plurality of second L-shaped inducing structures (102) are arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the cover plate (2) at intervals, and a plurality of second L-shaped inducing structures (102) are located on the cover plate (21) convex.
- the height of the structure and the depth of the concave structure located in the outer wing (22) of the cover plate are successively decreased from the collision end.
- the second L-shaped inducing structure (102) is a discontinuous L-shaped inducing structure, and the inner structure or the convex structure on the outer side flap (22) of the cover plate does not penetrate the outer side flap (22) of the cover plate and is not attached to the cover plate.
- the raised or concave structures on the flange (21) intersect.
- not less than one first L-shaped inducing structure is arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the body, sequentially arranged, from front to back, the convex structure of the first L-shaped inducing structure and The degree of convexity and concavity of the concave structure is gradually reduced.
- the first L-shaped inducing structure in the front is most likely to produce wrinkle deformation
- the second, then the third, and so on, the front stringer assembly can be designed according to the front
- one side of the first L-shaped inducing structure is constituted by a convex structure or a concave structure on the upper wing of the body, and the other side of the first L-shaped inducing structure is formed by a concave structure or convex on the inner side wing of the body.
- the structure is composed, and the convex structure or the inner structure on the upper wing of the body and the inner structure or the convex structure on the inner wing of the body respectively penetrate and intersect the upper wing of the body and the inner wing of the body, thereby further enhancing the induction effect.
- the second L-type inducing structure added to the cover plate reinforces the induction effect of the first L-type inducing structure on the body in the occurrence of crush deformation, and the deformation is more stable.
- the cross-sections of all the convex structures and the concave structures are trapezoidal structures, which facilitate the stamping process and have good forming processability.
- all of the convex structure and the concave structure have a trapezoidal cross section, and can be subjected to contact spot welding on the upper plane of the convex structure, and the welding processability is good.
- Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the front side beam energy absorbing structure (front part of the front left longitudinal beam) provided by the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an automobile front longitudinal beam energy absorbing structure (front left longitudinal beam) according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the front side beam energy absorbing structure (front left longitudinal beam) of the automobile provided by the embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a front longitudinal beam cover of an automobile front longitudinal beam energy absorbing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an automobile front longitudinal beam energy absorbing structure (front left longitudinal beam front) provided by an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the late stage of the vehicle longitudinal energy absorbing structure (front left longitudinal beam) of the automobile according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 a body; 11 a body upper wing; 111 a convex structure on the upper wing; 12 - the inside of the body Wing; 121—the concave structure on the inner wing of the body; 1 3—the lower wing of the body; 14 a lower flange of the body;
- the concave one refers to the direction of the core of the front longitudinal beam assembly 10; the convex one refers to the direction opposite to the direction of the core of the front longitudinal beam assembly 10. detailed description
- FIG. 1 to 3 illustrate an automobile front longitudinal beam energy absorbing structure, including a front longitudinal beam assembly 10, the front longitudinal beam assembly 10 includes a body 1 and a cover plate 2, and the body 1 has a U-shaped structure with an opening facing outward. Arranged in the lateral direction.
- the U-shaped structure has a body upper wing 11, a body inner wing 12, a body lower wing 13 and a body lower flange 14.
- the cover 2 has a flap upper edge 21 and a flap outer flap 22.
- the body 1 and the cover 2 are welded into a front longitudinal beam assembly 10 having a closed section.
- the body 1 is provided with a first L-shaped inducing structure 101, one side of which is formed by a raised structure 111 on the upper wing of the body, and the other side of the first L-shaped inducing structure 101 is formed by the inner wing of the body.
- the inner structure 121 is constructed such that the raised structure 111 on the upper wing of the body and the inner structure 121 on the inner side of the body penetrate through the upper wing 11 and the inner wing 12 of the body, respectively.
- a plurality of first L-shaped inducing structures 101 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the body 1 and are arranged in order, from front to back, the convex structures of the first L-shaped inducing structure 101 and the convex and inner portions of the concave structures The degree of concavity is gradually reduced.
- the first L-shaped inducing structure that is ranked first is most likely to produce wrinkle deformation, then the second, then the third, and so on.
- the second L-shaped inducing structure 102 may also be disposed on the cover plate 2 at a corresponding position, and one side of the second L-shaped inducing structure 102 is flanged by the cover plate.
- the upper raised structure 211 is formed, and the other side of the second L-shaped inducing structure 102 is formed by a concave structure 222 on the outer side of the cover plate, as shown in FIG.
- the raised structure 211 on the upper edge of the cover plate is matched with the convex structure 111 on the upper wing of the main body and matched by electric contact welding.
- the inner structure 222 on the outer side of the cover plate and the inner structure on the inner side of the main body 121 in turn corresponds to basic symmetry.
- the second L-shaped inducing structure 102 on the cover plate 2 may be discontinuous, such as a discontinuous second L-shaped inducing structure 103, a raised structure 211 on the flange on the cover and a discontinuous concave structure 221 Composition, the two do not intersect.
- the induced structure added to the cover 2 reinforces the induced structure on the body 1 The induction effect of crushing deformation.
- all of the convex structure and the concave structure have a trapezoidal structure (the left side of the car is viewed from the right side of the car).
- the main purpose of this is to not only facilitate the stamping process, but also facilitate the processing of contact spot welding on the raised structure of the induced structure.
- the longitudinal beam assembly 10 When the longitudinal beam assembly 10 is subjected to a frontal collision, it is crushed in the longitudinal direction to shorten the longitudinal length and generate wavy wrinkles.
- the first L-shaped inducing structure 101 is matched.
- the cross section represented by the second L-shaped inducing structure 102 so that the convex structure on the upper wing 11 and the upper flange 21 of the cover protrudes further upward, and the main body inner wing 12 and the outer cover outer wing 22
- the upper concave structure is further recessed.
- the portion adjacent to the first L-type inducing structure 101 and the second L-inducing structure 102 is reversed in the event of a collision.
- the front side frame assembly 10 can gradually wrinkle from front to back according to the design, and progressively collapses and deforms, and the energy is absorbed step by step, and the deformation is more stable.
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Abstract
一种汽车前纵梁吸能结构,包括前纵梁总成(10),前纵梁总成(10)包括本体(1)和盖板(2)。本体(1)为U型结构,带有本体上翼(11),本体内侧翼(12),本体下翼(13)和本体下翻边(14)。盖板(2)带有盖板上翻边(21)和盖板外侧翼(22)。本体(1)上设置有不少于一个的第一L型诱导结构(101),第一L型诱导结构(101)的一边由本体上翼上的凸起结构(111)构成,另一边由本体内侧翼上的内凹结构(121)构成,为了配合在本体(1)上的第一L型诱导结构,盖板(2)上也可在相对应的位置设置第二L型诱导结构(102)。汽车前纵梁吸能结构力学性能好、成型工艺性好、焊接工艺性好。
Description
一种汽车前纵梁吸能结构
本申请要求于 2012 年 12 月 4 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210509158.2、 发明名称为"一种汽车前纵梁吸能结构"的中国专利申请的优 先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车工程技术领域, 特别涉及到改善汽车耐撞性的吸能结构, 具体涉及一种汽车前纵梁吸能结构。 背景技术
一般乘用车的前纵梁从车身前部延伸至前地板后部,作为车身骨架的一部 分, 起到承载与连接其他钣金结构件, 为相关零部件总成提供安装点的作用。 另夕卜,在安全性方面,在前部正面碰撞过程中,前纵梁是主要的变形吸能结构, 通过塑性变形来吸收碰撞产生的瞬间沖击能量。一个好的纵梁结构首先是使得 汽车发生正面碰撞时有稳定的压溃变形, 而不是碰撞一开始就产生折弯, 同时 车体加速度的锋值不能太大。
因为上述原因,现在大部分的汽车在纵梁前段或吸能盒带有各种形式的诱 导槽、诱导控等。但这些现有技术的诱导结构成型工艺性较差、力学性能不好、 同时使得前纵梁与其他钣金结构件焊接连接的焊接工艺性变差, 不能在保有好 的耐撞性同时保障好的设计工艺性问题。 发明内容
为了解决现有技术中前纵梁的诱导结构成型工艺性较差、 力学性能不好、 同时使得前纵梁与其他钣金结构件焊接连接的焊接工艺性变差, 不能在保有好 的耐撞性同时保障好的设计工艺性的问题, 本发明实施例提供了一种汽车前纵 梁吸能结构。 所述技术方案如下:
一种汽车前纵梁吸能结构, 包括本体 ( 1 )和盖板( 2 ), 本体( 1 )的横截 面为 U型结构, 本体(1 )开口向外布置并和盖板(2 )构成具有封闭截面的前
纵梁总成( 10), 前纵梁总成( 10)纵向平行设置有一个或多个 L型诱导结构; 车身前部在遭受撞击时, 前纵梁总成(10)能够按照 L型诱导结构的引导, 由 前到后渐次产生褶皱, 发生渐进叠缩变形, 逐级压溃吸收能量。
进一步, 位于本体( 1 )上的 L型诱导结构为第一 L型诱导结构 ( 101 ), 第一 L型诱导结构 ( 101 ) 的一边位于本体上翼( 11 )上形成凸起结构或内凹 结构, 第一 L型诱导结构 (101) 的另一边位于本体内侧翼(12)上形成内凹 结构或凸起结构。
进一步, 多个第一 L型诱导结构( 101 )沿着本体( 1 )纵向每隔一段距离 布置一个, 多个第一 L型诱导结构 ( 101 )位于本体上翼( 11 ) 凸起结构的高 度以及位于本体内侧翼(12) 内凹结构的深度从碰撞端开始依次递减。
进一步, 本体上翼(11)上的凸起结构或内凹结构和本体内侧翼(12)上 的内 结构或凸起结构分别贯穿本体上翼(11)和本体内侧翼(12) 并相交。
进一步, 位于盖板(2)上的 L型诱导结构为上第二 L型诱导结构(102), 一个或多个第二 L型诱导结构 (102) 的一边由盖板上翻边(21)上的凸起结 构或内凹结构构成, 第二 L型诱导结构 (102) 的另一边由盖板外侧翼(22) 上的内 结构或凸起结构构成; 盖板上翻边(21)上的凸起结构或内 结构与 本体上翼(11)上的凸起结构或内凹结构依次相对应设置。
进一步, 多个第二 L型诱导结构(102)沿着盖板(2)纵向每隔一段距离 平行布置一个, 多个第二 L型诱导结构 (102)位于盖板上翻边(21) 凸起结 构的高度以及位于盖板外侧翼(22) 内凹结构的深度从碰撞端开始依次递减。
进一步, 第二 L型诱导结构 (102) 为不连续 L型诱导结构, 盖板外侧翼 (22)上的内 结构或凸起结构没有贯穿盖板外侧翼(22)且并未与盖板上翻 边(21)上的凸起结构或内凹结构相交。
进一步, 上述所述的所有凸起结构和内凹结构的截面均为梯形结构。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是:
(1)本发明中, 不少于一个的第一 L型诱导结构沿着本体纵向每隔一段 距离布置一个, 依次布置开来, 由前到后, 第一 L型诱导结构的凸起结构和内 凹结构的凸起和内凹程度渐次减小。 这样, 正面碰撞时, 排在最前的第一 L型 诱导结构最容易产生褶皱变形, 然后是第二个, 再后是第三个, 以此类推, 前 纵梁总成能够按照设计, 由前到后渐次产生褶皱, 发生渐进叠缩变形, 逐级压 溃吸收能量, 力学性能好, 变形更稳定。
( 2 )本发明中, 第一 L型诱导结构的一边由本体上翼上的凸起结构或内 凹结构构成,第一 L型诱导结构的另一边由本体内侧翼上的内凹结构或凸起结 构构成, 本体上翼上的凸起结构或内 结构和本体内侧翼上的内 结构或凸起 结构分别贯穿本体上翼和本体内侧翼并相交, 进一步增强了诱导效果。
( 3 )本发明中, 在盖板上所增加的第二 L型诱导结构强化了本体上的第 一 L型诱导结构在发生压溃变形的诱导效果, 变形更稳定。
( 4 )本发明中, 所有凸起结构和内凹结构的截面均采用梯形结构, 便于 沖压加工, 成形工艺性好。
( 5 )本发明中, 所有凸起结构和内凹结构的截面均为梯形结构, 可以在 凸起结构的上平面做接触点焊的加工, 焊接工艺性好。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例描述中所 需要使用的附图作筒单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明 的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1: 本发明实施例提供的汽车前纵梁吸能结构 (前左纵梁前部) 的结构 示意图 I;
图 2: 本发明实施例提供的汽车前纵梁吸能结构 (前左纵梁前部) 的结构 示意图 II;
图 3: 本发明实施例提供的汽车前纵梁吸能结构 (前左纵梁前部) 的结构 示意图 III;
图 4:本发明实施例提供的汽车前纵梁吸能结构的前纵梁盖板结构示意图; 图 5: 本发明实施例提供的汽车前纵梁吸能结构 (前左纵梁前部) 因汽车 碰撞发生压溃变形初期的示意图;
图 6: 本发明实施例提供的汽车前纵梁吸能结构 (前左纵梁前部) 因汽车 碰撞发生压溃变形后期的示意图。
图中各符号的含义如下:
10—前纵梁总成; 101—第一 L型诱导结构; 102—第二 L型诱导结构; 103 一不连续的第二 L型诱导结构;
1一本体; 11一本体上翼; 111一本体上翼上的凸起结构; 12—本体内侧
翼; 121—本体内侧翼上的内凹结构; 1 3—本体下翼; 14一本体下翻边;
2—盖板; 21—盖板上翻边; 211—盖板上翻边上的凸起结构; 22—盖板 外侧翼; 221—不连续的内 结构; 222—盖板外侧翼上的内 结构;
内凹一是指压向前纵梁总成 10 的型心方向; 凸起一是指压向与前纵梁总 成 10的型心方向相反的方向。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发明 实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
图 1至图 3示出了一种汽车前纵梁吸能结构, 包括前纵梁总成 10,前纵梁 总成 10包括本体 1和盖板 2, 本体 1为 U型结构, 开口朝向外侧面方向布置。 该 U型结构带有本体上翼 11 , 本体内侧翼 12, 本体下翼 13和本体下翻边 14。 盖板 2带有盖板上翻边 21 , 和盖板外侧翼 22。 本体 1和盖板 2焊接成具有封 闭截面的前纵梁总成 10。
本体 1上设置有第一 L型诱导结构 101 , 第一 L型诱导结构 101的一边由 本体上翼上的凸起结构 111构成,第一 L型诱导结构 101的另一边由本体内侧 翼上的内 结构 121构成, 本体上翼上的凸起结构 111和本体内侧翼上的内 结构 121分别贯穿本体上翼 11和本体内侧翼 12并相交。若干第一 L型诱导结 构 101沿着本体 1纵向每隔一段距离布置一个, 依次布置开来, 由前到后, 第 一 L型诱导结构 101的凸起结构和内凹结构的上凸和内凹程度渐次减小。这样, 正面碰撞时, 排在最前的第一 L型诱导结构最容易产生褶皱变形, 然后是第二 个, 再后是第三个, 以此类推。
为了配合在本体 1上的第一 L型诱导结构 101 , 盖板 2上也可在相对应的 位置设置第二 L型诱导结构 102, 第二 L型诱导结构 102的一边由盖板上翻边 上的凸起结构 211构成,第二 L型诱导结构 102的另一边由盖板外侧翼上的内 凹结构 222构成, 如图 4所示。 盖板上翻边上的凸起结构 211与本体上翼上的 凸起结构 111依次对应相匹配并通过接触电焊结合在一起, 盖板外侧翼上的内 结构 222与本体内侧翼上的内 结构 121依次对应基本对称。
盖板 2上的第二 L型诱导结构 102可以是不连续的,如不连续的第二 L型 诱导结构 103,由盖板上翻边上的凸起结构 211和不连续的内凹结构 221组成, 二者没有相交。在盖板 2上所增加的诱导结构强化了本体 1上的诱导结构在发
生压溃变形的诱导效果。
为提高加工工艺性, 本实施例中, 所有凸起结构和内凹结构的截面均采用 梯形结构 (汽车左侧往汽车右侧看)。 这样的主要目的是不仅便于沖压加工, 而且更方便了在诱导结构的凸起结构上做接触点焊的加工。
当前纵梁总成 10受到正面碰撞时, 它沿纵向产生压溃使纵向长度变短且 产生波浪形的皱褶, 如图 5和图 6所示, 对于相配合的第一 L型诱导结构 101 和第二 L型诱导结构 102所代表的横截面来说, 使得本体上翼 11和盖板上翻 边 21上的凸起结构进一步往上凸起, 而本体内侧翼 12和盖板外侧翼 22上的 内凹结构进一步往内凹。 而与该第一 L型诱导结构 101和第二 L型诱导结构 102相邻的一个部分在碰撞时的变形则正好相反。 这样, 使得车身前部在遭受 撞击时, 前纵梁总成 10能够按照设计, 由前到后渐次产生褶皱, 发生渐进叠 缩变形, 逐级压溃吸收能量, 变形更稳定。 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的 精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的 保护范围之内。
Claims
1. 一种汽车前纵梁吸能结构, 包括本体 ( 1 )和盖板(2) , 本体( 1 )的横 截面为 U型结构, 本体 (1)开口向外布置并和盖板(2)构成具有封闭截面的 前纵梁总成(10) , 其特征在于, 前纵梁总成(10)纵向平行设置有一个或多 个 L型诱导结构; 车身前部在遭受撞击时, 前纵梁总成(10) 能够按照 L型诱 导结构的引导, 由前到后渐次产生褶皱, 发生渐进叠缩变形, 逐级压溃吸收能 量。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的前纵梁吸能结构, 其特征在于, 位于本体( 1 )上 的 L型诱导结构为第一 L型诱导结构 (101) , 第一 L型诱导结构 (101) 的一 边位于本体上翼(11)上形成凸起结构或内凹结构, 第一 L型诱导结构 (101) 的另一边位于本体内侧翼(12)上形成内凹结构或凸起结构。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的前纵梁吸能结构, 其特征在于, 多个第一 L型诱 导结构 (101) 沿着本体(1)纵向每隔一段距离布置一个, 多个第一 L型诱导 结构 ( 101 )位于本体上翼( 11 ) 凸起结构的高度以及位于本体内侧翼( 12) 内 凹结构的深度从碰撞端开始依次递减。
4. 根据权利要求 1至 3任一所述的前纵梁吸能结构, 其特征在于, 位于盖 板(2)上的 L型诱导结构为上第二 L型诱导结构 (102) , —个或多个第二 L 型诱导结构 (102) 的一边由盖板上翻边(21)上的凸起结构或内 结构构成, 第二 L型诱导结构(102)的另一边由盖板外侧翼(22)上的内凹结构或凸起结 构构成; 盖板上翻边(21)上的凸起结构或内凹结构与本体上翼(11)上的凸 起结构或内 结构依次相对应设置。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的前纵梁吸能结构, 其特征在于, 多个第二 L型诱 导结构 (102) 沿着盖板(2)纵向每隔一段距离平行布置一个, 多个第二 L型 诱导结构( 102)位于盖板上翻边(21 )凸起结构的高度以及位于盖板外侧翼(22) 内凹结构的深度从碰撞端开始依次递减。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的前纵梁吸能结构, 其特征在于, 第二 L型诱导结 构(102)为不连续 L型诱导结构, 盖板外侧翼(22)上的内凹结构或凸起结构 没有贯穿盖板外侧翼(22)且并未与盖板上翻边(21)上的凸起结构或内凹结 构相交。
7. 根据权利要求 1至 6任一所述的前纵梁吸能结构, 其特征在于, 上述所
述的所有凸起结构和内凹结构的截面均为梯形结构。
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