WO2014086097A1 - 被动式功因校正交直流转换装置及功因校正电路动作方法 - Google Patents

被动式功因校正交直流转换装置及功因校正电路动作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014086097A1
WO2014086097A1 PCT/CN2013/001414 CN2013001414W WO2014086097A1 WO 2014086097 A1 WO2014086097 A1 WO 2014086097A1 CN 2013001414 W CN2013001414 W CN 2013001414W WO 2014086097 A1 WO2014086097 A1 WO 2014086097A1
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capacitor
diode
inductor
voltage
power factor
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PCT/CN2013/001414
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘晴财
陈伯彦
洪大胜
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东林科技股份有限公司
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Priority to JP2015545633A priority Critical patent/JP6026008B2/ja
Priority to EP13860371.7A priority patent/EP2930831A4/en
Publication of WO2014086097A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014086097A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4266Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using passive elements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a passive power factor correction circuit, and more particularly to a passive power factor correction AC/DC converter and a power factor correction circuit. Background technique
  • FIG. 1 shows a conventional AC/DC converter device including a rectifier circuit 10 and an output capacitor c.
  • the rectifier circuit 10 converts an AC power source S into a DC power source, and the output capacitor C is connected across the output terminal of the rectifier circuit 10. And the output capacitor C is for the parallel load R.
  • the input voltage v in of the AC power source S is different from the input current ⁇ , resulting in a power factor and a serious total harmonic distortion.
  • the output capacitor C is charged only when the voltage of the DC power source is higher than the voltage of the output capacitor C.
  • the charging time of the output capacitor C is shortened, and the conduction time of the diode in the rectifier circuit 10 is also caused. This is shortened, and the peak value of the on-current is increased, resulting in waveform distortion and power factor reduction of the input current i in .
  • power factor reduction increases the power supply of power companies and is an unnecessary burden. Accordingly, the AC/DC converter having the power factor correction circuit is born.
  • the power factor correction circuit conventionally used for the AC/DC converter can be classified into active type and passive type.
  • the active power factor correction circuit uses an active switching element to control the input current. The advantage is that the power factor can reach 0.99 or more, the current "the total wave distortion is less than 10%, the input voltage range is wide, the output voltage is stable, and is not affected. The influence of output power variation.
  • the active power factor correction circuit requires the use of additional active switching elements, which has the disadvantages of high manufacturing cost, high electromagnetic noise and low durability.
  • the traditional passive power factor correction circuit is the inductor L, which is the inductor. L is connected in series to the input end of the rectifier circuit 10 of the AC/DC converter (refer to FIG.
  • the inductor L requires a large silicon steel sheet inductor, silicon steel
  • the volume of the chip inductor increases with the output power and the rated input voltage decreases, and the power factor is up to 75%, which cannot meet the requirements of today's use.
  • the power factor of the AC/DC converter with passive power factor correction circuit can be improved, Can replace the high cost AC/DC with active power factor correction circuit
  • the output capacitor C described above must use a high-capacitance electrolytic capacitor, and the electrolytic capacitor is liable to leak out of the electrolyte due to prolonged heating. This leads to a shortened life of the circuit.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a passive power factor correction AC-DC conversion.
  • the operation device of the changing device and the power factor correcting circuit can effectively improve the power factor of the AC/DC converting device, and does not need to use an electrolytic capacitor, thereby effectively improving the service life of the AC/DC converting device.
  • the passive power factor correction AC/DC converter provided by the present invention comprises a rectifier circuit and a power factor correction circuit.
  • the rectifier circuit has an input port and an output port, and the input port is electrically connected to an AC power source, and the rectifier circuit converts the AC power into a DC power source and outputs the output from the output port;
  • the power factor correction circuit includes a first inductor, a second inductor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first diode and a second diode, wherein:
  • One end of the first inductor is electrically connected to the positive end of the output port of the rectifier circuit, and the other end is electrically connected to two serial paths connected in parallel, wherein a serial path includes the first capacitor and the second diode, the first One end of the capacitor is electrically connected to the first inductor, the other end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the cathode of the second diode, and the anode of the second diode is electrically connected to the ground end of the output port of the rectifier circuit;
  • the other of the second inductors is electrically connected to the first inductor, and the other end of the second inductor is electrically connected to one end of the second capacitor, and the second capacitor is electrically connected to the second inductor.
  • One end is electrically connected to the ground end of the output port of the rectifier circuit; the second capacitor is connected to the parallel load; the anode of the first diode is electrically connected between the first capacitor and the cathode of the second diode, The cathode of the first diode is electrically connected between the second inductor and the second capacitor.
  • the object of the present invention can also be further realized by the following technical measures.
  • the aforementioned passive power factor correction AC/DC converter device wherein the second capacitor is a non-electrolytic capacitor.
  • the present invention further provides an operation method of the power factor correction circuit, which comprises the following steps:
  • step B when the voltage of the first capacitor is greater than the sum of the voltage of the first inductor and the voltage of the second capacitor, the second diode is turned on until The voltage of the first capacitor is less than the voltage of the first inductor and the voltage of the second capacitor At the sum, the second diode is turned off.
  • step D when the voltage of the DC power source is less than the voltage of the first inductor, the voltage of the first capacitor, and the voltage of the second capacitor, the first two The pole tube is cut off.
  • step E when the voltage of the first capacitor is greater than the sum of the voltage of the first inductor and the voltage of the second capacitor, the second diode is turned on.
  • the passive power factor correction AC/DC conversion device and the power factor correction circuit operation method of the present invention have at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: thereby, the passive power factor correction AC/DC conversion device and its power factor correction
  • the operation method of the circuit can increase the on-time of the diode in the rectifier circuit to control the input current of the AC power source, thereby effectively improving the power factor.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional AC/DC converter
  • 2 is a conventional AC/DC converter with a passive power factor correction circuit
  • FIG. 3 is a passive power factor correction AC/DC converter device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an equivalent circuit of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in a second state
  • Figure 7 is an equivalent circuit of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in a fourth state
  • FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of a passive power factor correction AC/DC converter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The best way to achieve your invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a passive power factor correction AC/DC converter device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, including a rectifier circuit 20 and a power factor correction circuit 30, wherein:
  • the rectifier circuit 20 in this embodiment is a full-wave bridge rectifier having an input port 202 and an output port 204.
  • the input port 202 is electrically connected to an AC power source S, and the AC power source S provides an input voltage V in and an input.
  • the current is in to the rectifier circuit 20.
  • the AC power source S is a power supply provided by the power company, but not limited thereto, the utility power can also be stepped down or boosted via a transformer and electrically connected to the power supply.
  • Enter port 202 After the AC power source S is rectified by the rectifier circuit 20, a DC power supply of twice the frequency is output from the output port.
  • the power factor correction circuit 30 includes a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a first capacitor Cl, a second capacitor C2, a first diode D1 and a second diode D2, wherein:
  • One end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to the positive end of the output port 204 of the rectifier circuit 20, and the other end is electrically connected to two serial paths connected in parallel, wherein a serial path includes the first capacitor C1 and the second diode D2, the first capacitor C1 of the embodiment is a polar capacitor, the anode of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the first inductor L1, the cathode of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the cathode of the second diode D2, and the anode of the second diode D2 Electrically connecting the grounding end of the output port 204 of the rectifier circuit 20; the other series path includes the second inductor L2 and the second capacitor C2, the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the first inductor L1, the second The other end of the inductor L2 is electrically connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the ground end of the output port 204 of the rectif
  • the anode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected between the cathode of the first capacitor C1 and the cathode of the second diode D2.
  • the cathode of the first diode D1 is electrically connected between the second inductor L2 and the second capacitor C2.
  • a load R is connected in parallel across the second capacitor C2.
  • the first capacitor C1 can also use a non-polar capacitor.
  • the operation method of the power factor correction circuit 30 is as follows: In each half cycle of the AC power source S (ie, each cycle of the DC power source), the power factor correction circuit 30 receives the The DC power output from the rectifier circuit 20 sequentially generates four different states, which are defined as a first state, a second state, a third state, and a fourth state. Wherein: when the voltage of the first capacitor C1 is greater than the sum of the voltage of the first inductor L1 and the voltage of the second capacitor C2, the second diode D2 is turned on to generate an on current i D2 , the function The correction circuit 30 is in the first state, and its equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG.
  • the first capacitor C1 releases energy to the second capacitor C2 and the second inductor L2, and the DC power source charges the second inductor L2 and the second capacitor C2 through the first inductor L1 and outputs energy to the The load R produces an output voltage V.
  • the first state ends until the second diode D2 is turned off (ie, the voltage of the first capacitor C1 is less than the sum of the voltage of the first inductor L1 and the voltage of the second capacitor C2).
  • the first inductor L1 and the first capacitor C1 form a resonant circuit for reducing harmonic components of the input current i in of the alternating current power source S.
  • the second diode D2 When the voltage of the first capacitor C1 is less than the sum of the voltage of the first inductor L1 and the voltage of the second capacitor C2, the second diode D2 is turned off, and the power factor correction circuit 30 is in the second state,
  • the equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 5.
  • the DC power source passes the first inductor L1 to the second inductor L2 and the second capacitor C2 charge and output energy to the load R until the first diode D1 is turned on (ie, the voltage of the DC power source is greater than the voltage of the first inductor L1, the voltage of the first capacitor C1
  • the second state ends with the sum of the voltages of the second capacitor C2.
  • the first diode D1 When the voltage of the DC power source is greater than the voltage of the first inductor L1, the voltage of the first capacitor C1 and the voltage of the second capacitor C2, the first diode D1 is turned on to generate an on current i D1
  • the power factor correction circuit 30 is in the third state, and its equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the DC power source charges the first capacitor C1, the second inductor L2, and the second capacitor C2 through the first inductor L1 and outputs energy to the load R until the first diode D1 is turned off (ie, The voltage of the DC power source is less than the voltage of the first inductor L1, the sum of the voltage of the first capacitor C1 and the voltage of the second capacitor C2, and the third state ends.
  • the power factor correction circuit 30 When the voltage of the DC power source is less than the voltage of the first inductor L1, the voltage of the first capacitor C1, and the voltage of the second capacitor C2, the first diode D1 is turned off, and the power factor correction circuit 30 is In the fourth state, the equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG. At this time, the DC power source charges the second inductor L2 and the second capacitor C2 through the first inductor L1 and outputs energy to the load R until the second diode D2 is turned on (ie, the first inductor L1) The sum of the voltage and the voltage of the second capacitor C2 is smaller than the voltage of the first capacitor C1.
  • the power factor correction circuit 30 enters the AC power source S and repeats the first state to the fourth half cycle. State, until the AC power S input to the rectifier circuit 20 is stopped.
  • FIG. 8 shows the input voltage V in , the input current i in , and the output voltage V of the above-described passive power factor correction AC/DC converter.
  • the load R is an example of a 100 ohm resistor.
  • the first inductor L1 is 55 mH
  • the second inductor L2 is 550 mH
  • the first capacitor C1 is 10 ⁇ F
  • the second capacitor C2 is 10 F.
  • the input voltage V in of the AC power source S is a sine wave of ll OVrms. It can be seen from FIG.
  • the resonant circuit formed by the first inductor L1 and the first capacitor C1 can also effectively reduce the harmonic component of the input current i in the AC power source S.
  • the first inductor L1 and the first capacitor C1 form a resonant circuit, and the on-time of the diode in the rectifier circuit 20 can be increased to control the input current i in of the alternating current power source S.
  • the resonant circuit formed by the first capacitor C1 and the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the second inductor L2, and the second capacitor C2 can reduce the output voltage V output to the load R. .
  • the inductance of the second inductor L2 is greater than or equal to ten times the inductance of the first inductor L1, and the charging and discharging time can be effectively controlled to adjust the first state, the second state, and The third state and the duration of the fourth state.
  • the second inductor L2 has the functions of energy storage and filtering, and can provide energy to the load R and suppress the chopping of the current of the load R, whereby the second capacitor C2 can adopt a non-electrolytic capacitor (such as Ceramic capacitors or tantalum capacitors replace traditional electrolytic capacitors, thereby extending the life of the circuit.

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Abstract

一种被动式功因校正交直流转换装置及功因校正电路动作方法。该转换装置包含有整流电路(20)与功因校正电路(30)。该整流电路的输入端口(202)电性连接交流电源(S),该功因校正电路包含有第一电感(L1)、第二电感(L2)、第一电容(C1)、第二电容(C2)、第一二极管(D2)与第二二极管(D1)。该第一电感一端电性连接该整流电路输出端口(204)的正端,另一端经过相互并联的两个串联路径电性连接输出端口的负端,其中一串联路径由该第一电容与该第二二极管组成;另一串联路径由该第二电感与该第二电容组成。该第二电容为并联负载供电。该第一二极管跨接于该两个串联路径之间。该转换装置控制该交流电源的输入电流,有效提高功率因数。

Description

被动式功因校正交直流转换装置及功因校正电路动作方法
技术领域
本发明是与被动式功因校正电路有关, 更详而言之是指一种具有被动 式功因校正交直流转换装置及功因校正电路动作方法。 背景技术
交直流转换装置是用以将所接收的交流电源转换成直流电源后输出。 图 1所示的为传统的交直流转换装置, 包含有整流电路 10与输出电容 c, 该整流电路 10将交流电源 S转换成直流电源, 该输出电容 C跨接于该整流 电路 10的输出端, 且该输出电容 C供并联负载 R。 该交直流转换装置在动 作时, 该交流电源 S的输入电压 vin与输入电流 ^处于相位不同的情况, 导 致功率因数^ ί氐且电流总谐波失真严重。 此外, 只有在该直流电源的电压高 于输出电容 C的电压时, 才会对该输出电容 C进行充电, 因此造成该输出 电容 C充电时间缩短,导致该整流电路 10中二极管的导通时间亦随之缩短, 以及导通电流的峰值随之增大,造成输入电流 i in波形失真及功率因数降低。 功率因数降低除了浪费能源外, 亦增加电力公司的电力供应是充不必要的 负担。 基此, 具有功因校正电路的交直流转换装置便因应而生。
传统用于交直流转换装置的功因校正电路可分为主动式与被动式两 种。 主动式功因校正电路是使用主动开关元件控制输入电流, 其优点在于 功率因数可达到 0. 99以上、 电流 "皆波失真总量小于 10%、 输入电压范围广 泛、 输出电压稳定及且不受输出功率变动影响。 然而, 主动式功因校正电 路需使用额外的主动开关元件, 其缺点在于制作成本高、 电磁噪声大与耐 用性低。传统的被动式功因校正电路是为电感 L, 该电感 L串联于交直流转 换装置的整流电路 10的输入端(参照图 2), 其具有构造简单耐用、 无主动 开关元件造成电磁噪声的优点。 由于该电感 L需采用体积大的硅钢片电感, 硅钢片电感的体积随着输出功率及额定输入电压降低而增加, 且功率因数 最高约为 75%, 无法符合现今使用需求。 若能提高具有被动式功因校正电路 的交直流转换装置的功率因数, 当可取代成本较高的具有主动式功因校正 电路的交直流转换装置。 此外, 为了使该负载 R上的输出电压的涟波减小, 前述的输出电容 C 必须采用高容值的电解电容, 电解电容容易因长时间受 热而有电解液外漏的情形, 导致电路的使用寿命减短。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种被动式功因校正交直流转 换装置及功因校正电路动作方法, 可有效提高交直流转换装置功率因数, 且无需使用电解电容, 可有效提高交直流转换装置的使用寿命。
本发明的目的是采用以下的技术方案来实现的。 本发明所提供的被动 式功因校正交直流转换装置, 包含有整流电路以及功因校正电路。 其中, 该整流电路具有输入端口与输出端口, 该输入端口供电性连接交流电源, 该整流电路将该交流电源转换成直流电源后自该输出端口输出; 该功因校 正电路包含有第一电感、 第二电感、 第一电容、 第二电容、 第一二极管与 第二二极管, 其中:
该第一电感一端电性连接该整流电路的输出端口的正端, 另一端电性 连接两个相互并联的串联路径, 其中一串联路径包括该第一电容与该第二 二极管, 该第一电容一端电性连接该第一电感, 该第一电容另一端电性连 接该第二二极管的阴极, 该第二二极管的阳极电性连接该整流电路的输出 端口的接地端; 另一串联路径包括该第二电感与该第二电容, 该第二电感 一端电性连接该第一电感, 该第二电感另一端电性连接该第二电容的一端, 该第二电容的另一端电性连接该整流电路的输出端口的接地端; 该第二电 容供并联负载; 该第一二极管的阳极电性连接于该第一电容与该第二二极 管的阴极间, 该第一二极管的阴极电性连接于该第二电感与该第二电容间。
本发明的目的还可以釆用以下的技术措施来进一步实现。
前述的被动式功因校正交直流转换装置, 其中该第二电感的电感值为 大于或等于该第一电感的电感值的十倍。
前述的被动式功因校正交直流转换装置, 其中该第二电容为非电解电 容。
本发明的目的还采用以下的技术方案来实现的。 依据上述构思, 本发 明更提供有该功因校正电路的动作方法, 包含有下列步骤:
A.接收由该整流电路所输出的直流电源;
B.导通该第二二极管, 由该第一电容与该直流电源输出能量至该负载 , 直到该第二二极管截止;
C.由该直流电源输出能量至该负载, 直到该第一二极管导通;
D.由该直流电源对该第一电容充电, 并输出能量至该负载, 直到该第 一二极管截止; 以及
E.由该直流电源输出能量至该负载, 直到该第二二极管导通; 以及
F.重复步骤 B至步骤 F , 直到输入该整流电路的交流电源停止供应。 本发明的目的还可以采用以下的技术措施来进一步实现。
前述的功因校正电路的动作方法, 其中步骤 B 中, 于该第一电容的电 压大于该第一电感的电压与该第二电容的电压的总和时, 导通该第二二极 管, 直到该第一电容的电压小于该第一电感的电压与该第二电容的电压的 总和时, 该第二二极管截止。
前述的功因校正电路的动作方法, 其中步骤 C 中, 于该直流电源的电 压大于该第一电感的电压、 该第一电容的电压与该第二电容的电压的总和 时, 该第一二极管导通。
前述的功因校正电路的动作方法, 其中步骤 D 中, 于该直流电源的电 压小于该第一电感的电压、 该第一电容的电压与该第二电容的电压的总和 时, 该第一二极管截止。
前述的功因校正电路的动作方法, 其中步骤 E 中, 于该第一电容的电 压大于该第一电感的电压与该第二电容的电压的总和时, 该第二二极管导 通。
借由上述技术方案 , 本发明的被动式功因校正交直流转换装置及功因 校正电路动作方法至少具有下列优点及有益效果: 由此, 通过该被动式功 因校正交直流转换装置及其功因校正电路的动作方法, 可以增加该整流电 路中二极管的导通时间以控制该交流电源的输入电流, 有效提高功率因数。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述, 为了能够更清楚了解本发明的 技术手段, 而可依照说明书的内容予以实施, 并且为了让本发明的上述和 其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举较佳实施例,并配合附图, 详细说明 口下。 附图的简要说明
图 1为传统的交直流转换装置电路图;
图 2为传统的具有被动式功因较正电路的交直流转换装置;
图 3为本发明较佳实施例被动式功因校正交直流转换装置;
图 4为本发明较佳实施例于第一状态时的等效电路;
图 5为本发明较佳实施例于第二状态时的等效电路;
图 6为本发明较佳实施例于第三状态时的等效电路;
图 7为本发明较佳实施例于第四状态时的等效电路; 以及
图 8为本发明较佳实施例被动式功因校正交直流转换装置的波形图。 实现发明的最佳方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功 效, 以下结合附图及较佳实施例, 对依据本发明提出的一种被动式功因校 正交直流转换装置及功因校正电路动作方法其具体实施方式、 结构、 特征 及其功效, 详细说明如后。
图 3 所示为本发明较佳实施例的被动式功因校正交直流转换装置, 包 含有整流电路 20与功因校正电路 30 , 其中: 在本实施例的整流电路 20为全波桥式整流器, 该整流电路 20具有输 入端口 202与输出端口 204, 该输入端口 202电性连接交流电源 S, 该交流 电源 S提供输入电压 Vin与输入电流 i in至该整流电路 20, 本实施例中该交 流电源 S 为电力公司提供的市电, 但不以此为限, 亦可将市电经由变压器 降压或升压后电性连接至该输入端口 202。 该交流电源 S经该整流电路 20 整流后, 由该输出端口输出二倍频率的直流电源。
该功因校正电路 30包含有第一电感 Ll、 第二电感 L2、 第一电容 Cl、 第二电容 C2、 第一二极管 D1与第二二极管 D2, 其中:
该第一电感 L1一端电性连接该整流电路 20输出端口 204的正端, 另 一端电性连接两个相互并联的串联路径, 其中一串联路径包括该第一电容 C1与该第二二极管 D2 , 本实施例的第一电容 C1为极性电容, 其正极电性 连接该第一电感 Ll, 其负极电性连接该第二二极管 D2的阴极, 该第二二极 管 D2的阳极电性连接该整流电路 20输出端口 204的接地端; 另一串联路 径包括该第二电感 L2与该第二电容 C2, 该第二电感 L2—端电性连接该第 一电感 Ll, 该第二电感 L2另一端电性连接该第二电容 C2的一端, 该第二 电容 C2的另一端电性连接该整流电路 20输出端口 204的接地端。 该第一 二极管 D1跨接于两个串联路径之间, 该第一二极管 D1的阳极电性连接于 该第一电容 C1的负极与该第二二极管 D2的阴极间, 该第一二极管 D1的阴 极电性连接该第二电感 L2与该第二电容 C2间。 该第二电容 C2的两端并联 负载 R。 在实务上, 该第一电容 C1亦可釆用无极性的电容。
在上述的电路架构下, 该功因校正电路 30的动作方法如下所述: 在该交流电源 S 的每一半周期中(即该直流电源的每一周期), 该功因 校正电路 30接收由该整流电路 20所输出的直流电源, 并依序产生四个不 同的状态, 兹定义为第一状态、 第二状态、 第三状态与第四状态。 其中: 当该第一电容 C1的电压大于该第一电感 L1的电压与该第二电容 C2的 电压的总和时, 该第二二极管 D2导通, 产生导通电流 iD2, 该功因校正电路 30为该第一状态, 其等效电路如图 4所示。此时该第一电容 C1对该第二电 容 C2及该第二电感 L2释放能量, 同时该直流电源经过该第一电感 L1对该 第二电感 L2及该第二电容 C2充电并输出能量至该负载 R, 产生输出电压 V。, 直到该第二二极管 D2截止时(即该第一电容 C1的电压小于该第一电感 L1的电压与该第二电容 C2的电压的总和), 该第一状态结束。 在该第一状 态中, 该第一电感 L1与该第一电容 C1构成谐振电路, 用以降低该交流电 源 S的输入电流 i in的谐波成分。
当该第一电容 C1的电压小于该第一电感 L1的电压与该第二电容 C2的 电压的总和时, 该第二二极管 D2截止, 该功因校正电路 30为该第二状态, 其等效电路如图 5所示。 此时该直流电源经过该第一电感 L1对该第二电感 L2及该第二电容 C2充电并输出能量至该负载 R, 直到该第一二极管 D1导 通时(即该直流电源的电压大于该第一电感 L1的电压、 该第一电容 C1的电 压与该第二电容 C2的电压的总和), 该第二状态结束。
当该直流电源的电压大于该第一电感 L1 的电压、 该第一电容 C1的电 压与该第二电容 C2的电压的总和时, 该第一二极管 D1导通, 产生导通电 流 iD1, 该功因校正电路 30为该第三状态, 其等效电路如图 6所示。 此时该 直流电源经过该第一电感 L1对该第一电容 Cl、 该第二电感 L2及该第二电 容 C2充电并输出能量至该负载 R, 直到该第一二极管 D1截止时(即该直流 电源的电压小于该第一电感 L1 的电压、 该第一电容 C1的电压与该第二电 容 C2的电压的总和),该第三状态结束。
当该直流电源的电压小于该第一电感 L1的电压、 该第一电容 C1的电 压与该第二电容 C2的电压的总和时, 该第一二极管 D1截止, 该功因校正 电路 30为该第四状态, 其等效电路如图 7所示。 此时该直流电源经过该第 一电感 L1对该第二电感 L2及该第二电容 C2充电并输出能量至该负载 R, 直到该第二二极管 D2导通时(即该第一电感 L1的电压与该第二电容 C2的 电压的总和小于该第一电容 C1的电压),该第四状态结束, 该功因校正电路 30即进入该交流电源 S下一半周期重复第一状态至第四状态, 直到输入该 整流电路 20的交流电源 S停止供应。
图 8所示的为前述的被动式功因校正交直流转换装置的输入电压 Vin、 输入电流 iin、 输出电压 V。、 第一二极管 D1的导通电流 ^以及第二二极管 D2的导通电流 iD2的波形。 其中, 该负载 R是以 l OOohm的电阻为例, 该第 一电感 L1为 55mH, 该第二电感 L2为 550mH, 该第一电容 C1为 10 μ F, 该 第二电容 C2为 10 F, 该交流电源 S的输入电压 Vin为 l l OVrms的正弦波。 由图 8中可得知该输入电流 已校正为趋近正弦波的波形, 该被动式功因 校正交直流转换装置的功率因数为 0. 959 ,相较于传统的被动式功因校正电 路可有效提高功率因数。 此外, 该第一电感 L1与该第一电容 C1构成的谐 振电路亦可有效降低该交流电源 S的输入电流 iin的谐波成分。
在上述中, 该第一电感 L1与该第一电容 C1构成谐振电路, 可增加该 整流电路 20中二极管的导通时间以控制该交流电源 S的输入电流 iin。该第 一电容 C1与该第一二极管 Dl、 该第二二极管 D2、 该第二电感 L2及该第二 电容 C2构成的共振电路,可达到降低输出至该负载 R的输出电压 V。的涟波 及增加该交流电源 S的功率因数的效果。 较佳地, 该第二电感 L2的电感值 为大于或等于该第一电感 L1的电感值的十倍,可有效地控制充放电的时间, 以调整该第一状态、 该第二状态、 该第三状态与该第四状态所持续的时间。 此外, 该第二电感 L2兼具有储能及滤波的功效, 可提供能量到该负载 R并 抑制该负载 R的电流的涟波,由此,该第二电容 C2即可采用非电解电容(如 陶瓷电容或钽质电容)取代传统的电解电容, 由此, 可有效延长电路的使用 寿命。
以上所述, 仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非对本发明作任何形式 上的限制, 虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上, 然而并非用以限定本发 明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员, 在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利 用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但 凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容, 依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例 所作的任何简单修改、 等同变化与修饰, 均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围 内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种被动式功因校正交直流转换装置, 其特征在于其包含有: 整流电路, 具有输入端口与输出端口, 该输入端口供电性连接交流电 源, 该整流电路将该交流电源转换成直流电源后自该输出端口输出; 以及 功因校正电路, 包含有第一电感、 第二电感、 第一电容、 第二电容、 第一二极管与第二二极管, 其中:
该第一电感一端电性连接该整流电路的输出端口的正端, 另一端电性 连接两个相互并联的串联路径, 其中一串联路径包括该第一电容与该第二 二极管, 该第一电容一端电性连接该第一电感, 该第一电容另一端电性连 接该第二二极管的阴极, 该第二二极管的阳极电性连接该整流电路的输出 端口的接地端; 另一串联路径包括该第二电感与该第二电容, 该第二电感 一端电性连接该第一电感, 该第二电感另一端电性连接该第二电容的一端, 该第二电容的另一端电性连接该整流电路的输出端口的接地端; 该第二电 容供并联负载; 该第一二极管的阳极电性连接于该第一电容与该第二二极 管的阴极间, 该第一二极管的阴极电性连接于该第二电感与该第二电容间。
2.如权利要求 1 所述的被动式功因校正交直流转换装置, 其特征在于 其中该第二电感的电感值为大于或等于该第一电感的电感值的十倍。
3.如权利要求 1 所述的被动式功因校正交直流转换装置, 其特征在于 其中该第二电容为非电解电容。
4.一种如权利要求 1 所述功因校正电路的动作方法, 其特征在于其包 含有下列步骤:
A.接收由该整流电路所输出的直流电源;
B.导通该第二二极管 , 由该第一电容与该直流电源输出能量至该负载, 直到该第二二极管截止;
C.由该直流电源输出能量至该负载, 直到该第一二极管导通;
D.由该直流电源对该第一电容充电, 并输出能量至该负载, 直到该第 一二极管截止;
E.由该直流电源输出能量至该负载, 直到该第二二极管导通; 以及
F.重复步骤 B至步骤 E, 直到输入该整流电路的交流电源停止供应。
5.如权利要求 4所述功因校正电路的动作方法,其特征在于其中步骤 B 中, 于该第一电容的电压大于该第一电感的电压与该第二电容的电压的总 和时, 导通该第二二极管, 直到该第一电容的电压小于该第一电感的电压 与该第二电容的电压的总和时, 该第二二极管截止。
6.如权利要求 4所述功因校正电路的动作方法,其特征在于其中步骤 C 中, 于该直流电源的电压大于该第一电感的电压、 该第一电容的电压与该 第二电容的电压的总和时, 该第一二极管导通。
7.如权利要求 4所述功因校正电路的动作方法,其特征在于其中步骤 D 中, 于该直流电源的电压小于该第一电感的电压、 该第一电容的电压与该 第二电容的电压的总和时, 该第一二极管截止。
8.如权利要求 4所述功因校正电路的动作方法,其特征在于其中步骤 E 中, 于该第一电容的电压大于该第一电感的电压与该第二电容的电压的总 和时, 该第二二极管导通。
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CN113676037A (zh) * 2021-07-15 2021-11-19 朝阳微电子科技股份有限公司 一种新型无源功率因数校正装置
CN113676037B (zh) * 2021-07-15 2024-03-08 朝阳微电子科技股份有限公司 一种无源功率因数校正方法

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