WO2014071817A1 - 内燃机减压装置 - Google Patents

内燃机减压装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014071817A1
WO2014071817A1 PCT/CN2013/086304 CN2013086304W WO2014071817A1 WO 2014071817 A1 WO2014071817 A1 WO 2014071817A1 CN 2013086304 W CN2013086304 W CN 2013086304W WO 2014071817 A1 WO2014071817 A1 WO 2014071817A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
decompression
internal combustion
combustion engine
rocker arm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/086304
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牛刚学
Original Assignee
Niu Gangxue
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201210461057.2A external-priority patent/CN103244233B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2013200900858U external-priority patent/CN203175640U/zh
Application filed by Niu Gangxue filed Critical Niu Gangxue
Priority to EP13853546.3A priority Critical patent/EP2918798B1/en
Priority to US14/440,764 priority patent/US9752463B2/en
Publication of WO2014071817A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014071817A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/08—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for decompression, e.g. during starting; for changing compression ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/2411—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the valve stem and rocker arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L2013/0089—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque with means for delaying valve closing
    • F01L2013/0094—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque with means for delaying valve closing with switchable clamp for keeping valve open
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2800/00—Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism
    • F01L2800/03—Stopping; Stalling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
    • F01L2820/01—Absolute values

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of internal combustion engine starting technology, and in particular to an internal combustion engine pressure reducing device. Background technique
  • the starting of the internal combustion engine is difficult, especially the problem of the high-power diesel engine starting system is more prominent, the failure rate is high, and the reliability is poor.
  • the power of the starter and the battery is increased, which can enable the internal combustion engine to start, but Due to the large starting torque of the internal combustion engine, it still leads to
  • the starting current of 1000A still exists, so that the high failure rate of the starting system cannot be fundamentally solved.
  • a manual decompression starter was designed on the low-power internal combustion engine.
  • the valve Before starting the internal combustion engine, the valve is manually opened to make the internal combustion engine have no compression resistance. When the crankshaft reaches the starting speed, the valve is manually closed.
  • the defect of this method is that it requires two-hand operation and is inconvenient to use.
  • the high-power multi-cylinder internal combustion engine requires a large force to open the valve manually, the high-power multi-cylinder internal combustion engine does not have such a manual decompression device.
  • the present invention proposes a plug-in type internal combustion engine pressure reducing device.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • An internal combustion engine pressure reducing device comprises a valve rocker shaft bracket and a valve stem, wherein a valve spring is sleeved on the valve stem, and a valve rocker arm is arranged above the valve stem, and the valve rocker shaft bracket and the decompression bracket phase
  • the valve rocker arm is movably connected to the valve opening/closing device, and the valve opening/closing device is connected to the control device;
  • the valve opening/closing device means: when the engine rocker arm moves downward before the engine stops, the valve
  • the opening/closing device accepts a control command of the control device to connect the valve rocker arm with the valve opening/closing device, so that the valve stem cannot reach the valve closing position, and the valve is open; when the internal combustion engine is started, the valve opening/closing device receives the control device Control commands cause the valve rocker and valve to open/close
  • the device is disconnected after being kept connected for a certain period of time, and the valve stem reaches the valve closing position;
  • the valve opening/closing device comprises a pressure reducing shaft located above the valve rocker arm, and the pressure reducing shaft is movably engaged with the pressure reducing bracket; the pressure reducing shaft is sleeved on the pressure reducing shaft, and the two ends of the pressure reducing pad are respectively disposed a spring, a spring limiting device is arranged outside the spring, the length of the two springs is consistent with the elastic force; the control device is a time delay relay; the electromagnet is fixed on the valve cover, the moving iron core of the electromagnet Connected to the decompression shaft, the operation of the electromagnet is controlled by a time delay relay, which means that the decompression block is located between the decompression shaft and the valve rocker arm when the internal combustion engine is stopped.
  • the spring limiting device is a circlip. Book
  • the spring limiting device comprises: a fork shaft and a fork on the fork shaft, wherein the fork restricts the spring; the moving iron core of the electromagnet is connected to the pressure reducing shaft through the fork shaft and the shift fork.
  • the valve opening/closing device comprises an electromagnet fixed on the decompression bracket; the control device refers to a time delay relay: the action of the electromagnet is controlled by a time delay relay, and the moving iron core is located at the decompression bracket and the valve rocker when the internal combustion engine is stopped. Between the arms.
  • the valve opening/closing device comprises a hydraulic cylinder fixed on the decompression bracket; the control device refers to a time delay relay: the action of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is controlled by a time delay relay, and the piston is located at the decompression bracket and the valve crank when the internal combustion engine is stopped Between the arms.
  • the valve opening/closing device comprises an electromagnet fixed on the decompression bracket; the control device refers to a time delay relay: the action of the electromagnet is controlled by a time delay relay, the valve cap is installed at the upper end of the valve stem, and the moving iron is stopped when the internal combustion engine is stopped.
  • the core is located between the decompression bracket and the valve cap.
  • the valve opening/closing device comprises a support block fixed on the upper part of the cylinder head and a lower part of the rocker arm and a decompression strut driving mechanism, the decompression strut driving mechanism is connected with the decompression strut, and the decompression strut is decompressed
  • the strut drive mechanism is driven to realize the extension and retraction of the decompression strut.
  • the invention adopting the above technical solution makes the decompression starting device reduce the occupied space, and can not only be well applied to the commercial vehicle, but also can be installed and used on the passenger car better, and the decompression starting of the internal combustion engine of the passenger car is realized. Automatic control at the time, simple structure, few components, and high reliability.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a view taken along the line A-A in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a front elevational view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a plan view showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • valve rocker shaft bracket 1 the valve rocker arm 5, the valve stem 11, and the valve spring 12 are original parts of the internal combustion engine
  • the decompression bracket 2 is fixed on the valve rocker shaft bracket 1
  • the decompression shaft 3 is located at the valve rocker.
  • the upper part of the arm 5 is movably engaged with the decompression bracket 2, and the decompression pad 6, the spring 4, and the circlip 7 are mounted on the decompression shaft 3, and the decompression pad 6 is located in the middle of the two springs 4, 2 springs 4
  • the length is the same as the elastic force
  • the spring 7 defines the position of the spring 4
  • the electromagnet 9 is fixed on the valve cover
  • the movable iron core 8 is fixedly connected to the pressure reducing shaft 3
  • the operation of the electromagnet 9 is controlled by the time delay relay 10.
  • the decompression pad 6 is located between the decompression shaft 3 and the valve rocker arm 5 when the internal combustion engine is stopped.
  • the time delay relay 10 controls the electromagnet 9
  • the time delay relay 10 leads the circuit of the energizing magnet 9, and the moving iron core 8 pushes the decompression shaft 3 to move toward the valve rocker arm 5, and the spring 4 is compressed.
  • the valve rocker arm 5 is dropped, the decompression pad 6 is located between the valve rocker arm 5 and the decompression shaft 3, and the circuit of the electromagnet 9 is disconnected.
  • the decompression pad 6 is at the decompression axis. 3 and the valve rocker arm 5 cannot be reset, the valve stem 11 cannot reach the valve closing position, and the valve is open.
  • the delay relay 10 When it is necessary to start the internal combustion engine, the delay relay 10 is first given a signal, so that the position of the decompression pad 6 is maintained between the valve rocker arm 5 and the decompression shaft 3, the starter power is turned on, and the starter drives the flywheel to rotate. When the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine reaches the starting speed, the time delay relay 10 disconnects the electromagnet 9 circuit. When the valve rocker arm 5 moves downward, the pressure relief block 6 is reset under the force of the spring 4, and the valve stem 11 reaches the valve closing position, the internal combustion engine Get started.
  • the invention utilizes the operation of the internal combustion engine to naturally lower the valve rocker arm.
  • valve rocker shaft bracket 1, the valve rocker arm 5, the valve stem 11, and the valve spring 12 are original parts of the internal combustion engine, and the decompression bracket 2 is fixed on the gas door rocker shaft bracket 1, and the decompression shaft 3 is located
  • the upper part of the valve rocker arm 5 is fixedly engaged with the decompression bracket 2, and the decompression pad 6 and the spring 4 are mounted on the decompression shaft 3, and the decompression pad is attached.
  • the block 6 is located in the middle of the two springs 4, the length of the two springs 4 is consistent with the elastic force, the fork shaft 13 is located above the decompression shaft 3 and is movably engaged with the decompression bracket 2, and the fork 14 is fixed to the fork shaft 13 Connection, the fork 14 defines the position of the spring 4, the electromagnet 9 is fixed on the valve cover, the movable iron core 8 is fixedly connected with the fork shaft 13, the operation of the electromagnet 9 is controlled by the time delay relay 10, and the internal combustion engine is decompressed when the machine is stopped.
  • the spacer 6 is located between the pressure reducing shaft 3 and the valve rocker arm 5.
  • the time delay relay 10 controls the electromagnet 9
  • the time delay relay 10 leads the circuit of the energizing magnet 9
  • the moving iron core 8 pushes the fork shaft 13 to move in the direction of the valve rocker arm 5, and the shift fork 14 compresses the spring 4
  • the decompression pad 6 is located between the valve rocker arm 5 and the decompression shaft 3, and the circuit of the electromagnet 9 is disconnected. Under the force of the valve spring 12, the decompression pad 6 is reduced.
  • the pressure shaft 3 and the valve rocker arm 5 cannot be reset, the valve stem 11 cannot reach the valve closing position, and the valve is open.
  • the delay relay 10 When it is necessary to start the internal combustion engine, the delay relay 10 is first given a signal, so that the position of the decompression pad 6 is maintained between the valve rocker arm 5 and the decompression shaft 3, the starter power is turned on, and the starter drives the flywheel to rotate. When the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine reaches the starting speed, the time delay relay 10 disconnects the electromagnet 9 circuit. When the valve rocker arm 5 moves downward, the pressure relief block 6 is reset under the force of the spring 4, and the valve stem 11 reaches the valve closing position, the internal combustion engine Get started.
  • the decompression bracket 2 is fixed on the valve rocker shaft bracket 1, and the electromagnet 9 is fixed to the decompression bracket. 2, the action of the electromagnet 9 is controlled by the time delay relay 10, and the moving iron core 8 is located between the decompression bracket 2 and the valve rocker arm 5 when the internal combustion engine is stopped.
  • Embodiment 3 is the same as the working process of the structure of FIG. 1 of the present invention.
  • the time delay relay 10 controls the electromagnet 9
  • the circuit of the time delay relay 10 leads the electromagnet 9, and the moving iron core 8 is directed to the valve.
  • the rocker arm 5 moves.
  • the position between the decompression brackets 2 is unchanged, the starter power is turned on, the starter drives the flywheel to rotate, the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine reaches the starting speed, the delay relay 10 disconnects the electromagnet 9 circuit, and when the valve rocker arm 5 falls, the moving iron The core 8 is reset, the valve stem 11 reaches the valve closed position, and the internal combustion engine is started.
  • the decompression bracket 2 is fixed on the valve rocker shaft bracket 1, and the hydraulic cylinder 15 is fixed on the decompression bracket 2.
  • the action of the piston 16 is controlled by the corresponding high pressure oil and the return spring, and the piston 16 is located when the internal combustion engine is stopped. Between the decompression bracket 2 and the valve rocker arm 5.
  • Embodiment 4 is the same as the working process of FIG. 3 of the present invention.
  • the time delay relay 10 controls the action of the hydraulic cylinder 15, firstly, the high pressure oil of the hydraulic cylinder 15 and the piston 16 to the valve rocker arm. 5 direction movement, when the valve rocker arm 5 falls, the piston 16 is inserted between the valve rocker arm 5 and the decompression bracket 2, under the force of the valve spring 12, the piston 16 is clamped to the valve rocker arm 5 and the decompression bracket 2 Between, the high pressure oil of the hydraulic cylinder 15 is discharged, the piston 16 cannot be reset, the valve stem 11 cannot reach the valve closing position, and the valve is open.
  • the high-pressure oil is fixed to the hydraulic cylinder 15 so that the position of the piston 16 between the valve rocker arm 5 and the decompression bracket 2 is unchanged, the starter power is turned on, the starter drives the flywheel to rotate, and the internal combustion engine
  • the crankshaft reaches the starting rotational speed and the high pressure oil of the hydraulic cylinder 15 is discharged
  • the piston 16 is reset, the valve stem 11 reaches the valve closing position, and the internal combustion engine is started.
  • the decompression bracket 2 is fixed on the valve rocker shaft bracket 1
  • the electromagnet 9 is fixed on the decompression bracket 2.
  • the action of the electromagnet 9 is controlled by the time delay relay 10, and the valve cap 17 is mounted on the valve At the upper end of the rod 11, the movable iron core 8 is located between the decompression bracket 2 and the valve cap 17 when the internal combustion engine is stopped.
  • Embodiment 5 is the same as the working process of the structure of FIG. 1 of the present invention.
  • the time delay relay 10 controls the electromagnet 9
  • the circuit of the time delay relay 10 leads the electromagnet 9
  • the moving iron core 8 is directed to the valve.
  • the cap 17 moves in the direction.
  • the movable iron core 8 is inserted between the valve cap 17 and the decompression bracket 2.
  • the valve cap 17 is raised, under the force of the valve spring 12, the movable iron core 8 is clamped.
  • the circuit of the electromagnet 9 is turned off, the movable iron core 8 cannot be reset, the valve stem 11 cannot reach the valve closing position, and the valve is opened.
  • the delay relay is first given a signal, and the electromagnet 9 is electrically connected, so that the position of the movable iron core 8 between the valve cap 17 and the decompression bracket 2 is unchanged, and the starter is turned on.
  • the power source the starter drives the flywheel to rotate, the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine reaches the starting speed, and the time delay relay 10 turns off the electromagnet 9 circuit.
  • the valve cap 17 falls, the moving iron core 8 is reset, the valve stem 11 reaches the valve closing position, and the internal combustion engine is started.
  • Embodiment 3 Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 5 are the same as the working process of FIG. 1 of the present invention, except that the opening of each valve is controlled by an electromagnet or a hydraulic cylinder, so that the valve is opened in a more force-like manner.
  • Small, and the whole set of devices can be installed in the valve cover, which does not change the external size and structure of the existing internal combustion engine at all, and is particularly easy to install the car model.
  • the cylinder head 101, the valve lifter 11, the rocker base 106, the rocker arm 5, the rocker shaft 105, and the valve spring 12 are original parts of the internal combustion engine, and the decompression strut drive mechanism 110 and the support block 103 are fixed.
  • the decompression strut 104 is connected to the decompression strut driving mechanism 110, and the decompression strut 104 is driven by the decompression strut driving mechanism 110.
  • the extension and retraction of the decompression branch 104 is achieved.
  • the time delay relay 10 first gives the decompression strut driving mechanism 110 a signal, and the decompression strut driving mechanism 110 drives the decompression strut 104 to extend, when the rocker arm 5 end is the valve lifter 11
  • the jacking-to-valve 109 is opened, a space is created between the rocker arm 5 and the support block 103, one end of the decompression strut 104 is extended to the upper side of the support block 103, and the decompression strut 104 is in contact with the upper surface of the support block 103.
  • FIG. 7 As shown, when the rocker arm 5 is dropped, the decompression strut 104 is located between the rocker arm 5 and the support block 103, and the rocker arm 5 is pressed against the decompression strut 104, as shown in FIG. 7, on the support block 103.
  • the decompression strut 104 blocks the falling of the rocker arm 5, so that the rocker arm 5 cannot move downward, and the valve 109 cannot reach the closed position due to the blocking of the rocker arm 5. Under the force of the valve spring 12, the decompression strut 104 is clamped. The rocker arm 5 and the support block 103 cannot be reset, and the valve 109 is in an open state.
  • the decompression strut drive mechanism 110 is first given a signal to keep the decompression strut 104 under the rocker arm 5.
  • the position of the rocker arm 5 is blocked and the valve 109 is closed, the starter power is turned on, the starter drives the flywheel to rotate, the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine reaches the starting speed, and the decompression strut drive mechanism 110 drives the lower pressure bar 104 to reset and retract.
  • the strut 104 no longer blocks the falling of the rocker arm 5, and the valve 109 reaches the closed position under the action of the valve spring 12, and the internal combustion engine can start the book.
  • the invention utilizes the operation of the internal combustion engine to move the valve rocker arm and the valve lifter up and down.
  • a decompression strut is inserted under the rocker arm, and the decompression strut is supported by the support block, so that the rocker arm corresponds
  • the valve does not work until the valve is closed, the valve is open, the force required to open the valve is small, and most of the components can be placed in the valve cover without increasing the height of the valve cover.
  • Space convenient for passenger car installation design, easy to install, mechanical structure, few components, high reliability, low cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

内燃机减压装置，包括气门摇臂轴支架和气门杆，气门杆上套有气门弹簧，且在气门杆的上方设有气门摇臂，气门摇臂轴支架与减压支架相连接；气门摇臂与气门开启/关闭装置活动连接，气门开启/关闭装置与控制装置相连接；气门开启/关闭装置是指当内燃机停车前，气门摇臂向下运动时，气门开启/关闭装置接受控制装置的控制命令使气门摇臂与气门开启/关闭装置连接，致使气门杆不能达到气门关闭位置；当起动内燃机时，气门开启/关闭装置接受控制装置的控制命令使气门摇臂与气门开启/关闭装置在一定时间内保持连接后脱开连接，气门杆达到气门关闭位置；控制装置是指向气门开启/关闭装置发出指令，使之与气门摇臂保持连接或脱开连接的装置。

Description

内燃机减压装置
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机起动技术领域， 具体地说是涉及一种内燃机减压装置。 背景技术
内燃机起动困难， 特别是大功率柴油机起动系统的问题更加突出， 故障率 高， 可靠性差， 人们为了解决此问题， 都是采用加大起动机和蓄电池的功率， 这虽然能使内燃机得到起动， 但由于内燃机大的起动扭矩仍然存在， 导致超过
1000A的起动电流依然存在， 从而说起动系统的高故障率不能从根本上得到解决。
人们为了减小内燃机的起动扭矩， 在小功率内燃机上设计了手动减压起动 书
装置， 在起动内燃机前， 先用手动方式将气门打开， 使内燃机无压缩阻力， 当 曲轴达到起动转速后， 再用手动方式将气门关闭， 这种方法的缺陷是需双手操 作， 使用不方便， 另外， 由于大功率多缸内燃机用手动方式打开气门所需作用 力很大， 故大功率多缸内燃机无此手动减压装置。
为了实现将内燃机的手动减压起动变为自动减压起动， 人们提出用气压、 液压、 电磁铁作用于气门的方法， 这些方法的缺陷是： 减压结构占有空间大， 需要的机械力和电能外力大， 所需部件多， 易出现故障。
发明内容
为了实现内燃机减压起动时的自动控制， 且结构简单、 部件少， 实现高可 靠性， 本发明提出一种插入垫块式内燃机减压装置。
为实现上述目的， 本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种内燃机减压装置， 它包括气门摇臂轴支架和气门杆， 其中， 气门杆上 套有气门弹簧， 且在气门杆的上方设有气门摇臂， 气门摇臂轴支架与减压支架 相连接； 气门摇臂与气门开启 /关闭装置活动连接， 气门开启 /关闭装置与控制装 置相连接； 所述的气门开启 /关闭装置是指： 当内燃机停车前， 气门摇臂向下运 动时， 气门开启 /关闭装置接受控制装置的控制命令使气门摇臂与气门开启 /关闭 装置连接， 致使气门杆不能达到气门关闭位置， 气门处于开启状； 当起动内燃 机时， 气门开启 /关闭装置接受控制装置的控制命令使气门摇臂与气门开启 /关闭 装置在一定时间内保持连接后脱开连接， 气门杆达到气门关闭位置； 所述的控 制装置是指： 向气门开启 /关闭装置发出指令， 使之与气门摇臂保持连接或脱开 连接的装置。
所述的气门开启 /关闭装置包括位于气门摇臂上方的减压轴， 减压轴与减压 支架活动配合； 在减压轴上套有减压垫块， 减压垫块的两端分别设置弹簧， 弹 簧外设有弹簧限位装置， 所述的两个弹簧的长度与弹力是一致的； 所述的控制 装置为延时继电器； 电磁铁固定在气门室盖上， 电磁铁的动铁芯与减压轴相连， 电磁铁的工作由延时继电器控制，说内燃机停机时减压垫块位于减压轴与气门摇 臂之间。
所述的弹簧限位装置为卡簧。 书
所述的弹簧限位装置包括： 拨叉轴以及拨叉轴上的拨叉， 拨叉对弹簧进行 限位； 电磁铁的动铁芯通过拨叉轴、 拨叉与减压轴相连。
所述的气门开启 /关闭装置包括固定在减压支架上的电磁铁； 控制装置是指 延时继电器： 电磁铁的动作由延时继电器控制， 内燃机停机时动铁芯位于减压 支架与气门摇臂之间。
所述的气门开启 /关闭装置包括固定在减压支架上的液压缸； 控制装置是指 延时继电器： 液压缸的活塞的动作由延时继电器控制， 内燃机停机时活塞位于 减压支架与气门摇臂之间。
所述的气门开启 /关闭装置包括固定在减压支架上的电磁铁； 控制装置是指 延时继电器： 电磁铁的动作由延时继电器控制， 气门帽安装在气门杆上端， 内 燃机停机时动铁芯位于减压支架与气门帽之间。
所述的气门开启 /关闭装置包括固定在气缸盖上部和气门摇臂下部的支撑块 和减压支杆驱动机构， 减压支杆驱动机构与减压支杆相连， 减压支杆由减压支 杆驱动机构驱动， 实现减压支杆的伸出和收回。
采用上述技术方案的本发明， 使得减压起动装置减小所占空间， 不仅可以 很好的适用于商用车， 也能更好的在乘用车上安装使用， 实现乘用车内燃机减 压起动时的自动控制， 且结构简单、 部件少， 实现高可靠性。 附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例 1结构示意图。
图 2是本发明实施例 2结构示意图。
图 3是本发明实施例 3结构示意图。
图 4是本发明实施例 4结构示意图。
图 5是本发明实施例 5结构示意图。
图 6是图 5中 A-A向视图。
图 7是本发明实施例 6的主视图。
说
图 8是本发明实施例 6的俯视图。
具体实施方式 书
实施例 1
图 1中， 气门摇臂轴支架 1、 气门摇臂 5、 气门杆 11、 气门弹簧 12是内燃 机原有零件， 减压支架 2固定在气门摇臂轴支架 1上， 减压轴 3位于气门摇臂 5 的上方与减压支架 2活动配合，减压垫块 6、弹簧 4、卡簧 7安装在减压轴 3上， 减压垫块 6位于两个弹簧 4的中间， 2个弹簧 4的长度与弹力是一致的， 卡簧 7 限定弹簧 4的位置， 电磁铁 9固定在气门室盖上， 动铁芯 8与减压轴 3固定连 接， 电磁铁 9的工作由延时继电器 10控制， 内燃机停机时减压垫块 6位于减压 轴 3与气门摇臂 5之间。
在内燃机要停车时， 延时继电器 10控制电磁铁 9， 延时继电器 10导通电磁 铁 9的电路， 动铁芯 8推动减压轴 3向气门摇臂 5方向运动， 弹簧 4受到压缩， 当气门摇臂 5下落时， 减压垫块 6位于气门摇臂 5和减压轴 3之间， 断开电磁 铁 9的电路， 在气门弹簧 12的作用力下减压垫块 6处于减压轴 3与气门摇臂 5 之间不能复位， 气门杆 11不能达到气门关闭位置， 气门处于开启状。 当需要起 动内燃机时， 先给延时继电器 10—个信号， 使减压垫块 6的位置保持在气门摇 臂 5和减压轴 3之间， 接通起动机电源， 起动机带动飞轮旋转， 内燃机曲轴达 到起动转速， 延时继电器 10断开电磁铁 9电路， 在气门摇臂 5向下运动时， 在 弹簧 4的作用力下减压垫块 6复位， 气门杆 11达到气门关闭位置， 内燃机得到 起动。 此发明是利用内燃机自身的工作使气门摇臂自然下降， 当与减压轴之间产 生一定的空间时， 在此空间插入一垫块， 使气门杆不能工作至气门关闭位置， 气门处于开启状， 这种装置打开气门时所需的作用力很小， 且大部分部件可置 于气门室盖内， 不占有空间， 安装简便， 结构为机械式， 部件少， 可靠性高， 成本低。
实施例 2:
图 2中， 气门摇臂轴支架 1、 气门摇臂 5、 气门杆 11、 气门弹簧 12是内燃 机原有零件， 减压支架 2固定在气说门摇臂轴支架 1上， 减压轴 3位于气门摇臂 5 的上方与减压支架 2固定配合， 减压垫块 6、 弹簧 4安装在减压轴 3上， 减压垫 书
块 6位于两个弹簧 4的中间， 2个弹簧 4的长度与弹力是一致的， 拨叉轴 13位 于减压轴 3的上方与减压支架 2活动配合， 拨叉 14与拨叉轴 13固定连接,拨叉 14限定弹簧 4的位置， 电磁铁 9固定在气门室盖上， 动铁芯 8与拨叉轴 13固定 连接， 电磁铁 9的工作由延时继电器 10控制， 内燃机停机时减压垫块 6位于减 压轴 3与气门摇臂 5之间。
在内燃机要停车时， 延时继电器 10控制电磁铁 9， 延时继电器 10导通电磁 铁 9的电路， 动铁芯 8推动拨叉轴 13向气门摇臂 5方向运动， 拨叉 14压缩弹 簧 4， 当气门摇臂 5下落时， 减压垫块 6位于气门摇臂 5和减压轴 3之间， 断开 电磁铁 9的电路， 在气门弹簧 12的作用力下减压垫块 6处于减压轴 3与气门摇 臂 5之间不能复位， 气门杆 11不能达到气门关闭位置， 气门处于开启状。 当需 要起动内燃机时， 先给延时继电器 10—个信号， 使减压垫块 6的位置保持在于 气门摇臂 5和减压轴 3之间， 接通起动机电源， 起动机带动飞轮旋转， 内燃机 曲轴达到起动转速， 延时继电器 10断开电磁铁 9电路， 在气门摇臂 5向下运动 时， 在弹簧 4的作用力下减压垫块 6复位， 气门杆 11达到气门关闭位置， 内燃 机得到起动。
实施例 3 :
图 3中， 减压支架 2固定在气门摇臂轴支架 1上，电磁铁 9固定在减压支架 2上， 电磁铁 9的动作由延时继电器 10控制， 内燃机停机时动铁芯 8位于减压 支架 2与气门摇臂 5之间。
实施例 3的工作过程同本发明图 1 的结构工作过程一样， 在内燃机要停机 时， 延时继电器 10控制电磁铁 9， 延时继电器 10导通电磁铁 9的电路， 动铁芯 8向气门摇臂 5方向运动， 当气门摇臂 5下落时， 动铁芯 8插入气门摇臂 5和减 压支架 2之间， 当气门摇臂 5上升时， 在气门弹簧 12的作用力下， 动铁芯 8被 夹在气门摇臂 5和减压支架 2之间， 断开电磁铁 9的电路， 动铁芯 8不能复位， 气门杆 11不能达到气门关闭位置，说气门处于开启状。 当需要起动内燃机时， 先 给延时继电器 10—个信号， 导通电磁铁 9电路， 使动铁芯 8位于气门摇臂 5和 书
减压支架 2之间的位置不变， 接通起动机电源， 起动机带动飞轮旋转， 内燃机 曲轴达到起动转速， 延时继电器 10断开电磁铁 9电路， 当气门摇臂 5下落时， 动铁芯 8复位， 气门杆 11达到气门关闭位置， 内燃机得到起动。
实施例 4:
图 4中， 减压支架 2固定在气门摇臂轴支架 1上， 液压缸 15固定在减压支 架 2上， 活塞 16的动作由相应的高压油及回位弹簧控制， 内燃机停机时活塞 16 位于减压支架 2与气门摇臂 5之间。
实施例 4的工作过程同本发明图 3的工作过程一样， 在内燃机要停机时， 延时继电器 10控制液压缸 15的动作， 先给液压缸 15—定的高压油， 活塞 16 向气门摇臂 5方向运动， 当气门摇臂 5下落时， 活塞 16插入气门摇臂 5和减压 支架 2之间， 在气门弹簧 12的作用力下， 活塞 16被夹在气门摇臂 5和减压支 架 2之间， 泄下液压缸 15的高压油， 活塞 16不能复位， 气门杆 11不能达到气 门关闭位置， 气门处于开启状。 当需要起动内燃机时， 先给液压缸 15—定的高 压油， 使活塞 16位于气门摇臂 5和减压支架 2之间的位置不变， 接通起动机电 源，起动机带动飞轮旋转， 内燃机曲轴达到起动转速， 泄下液压缸 15的高压油， 当气门摇臂 5下落时， 活塞 16复位， 气门杆 11达到气门关闭位置， 内燃机得 到起动。 图 5、 图 6中， 减压支架 2固定在气门摇臂轴支架 1上， 电磁铁 9固定在减 压支架 2上， 电磁铁 9的动作由延时继电器 10控制， 气门帽 17安装在气门杆 11上端,内燃机停机时动铁芯 8位于减压支架 2与气门帽 17之间。
实施例 5的工作过程同本发明图 1 的结构工作过程一样， 在内燃机要停机 时， 延时继电器 10控制电磁铁 9， 延时继电器 10导通电磁铁 9的电路， 动铁芯 8向气门帽 17方向运动， 当气门帽 17下落时， 动铁芯 8插入气门帽 17和减压 支架 2之间， 当气门帽 17上升时， 在气门弹簧 12的作用力下， 动铁芯 8被夹 在气门帽 17和减压支架 2之间， 断说开电磁铁 9的电路， 动铁芯 8不能复位， 气 门杆 11不能达到气门关闭位置， 气门处于开启状。 当需要起动内燃机时， 先给 延时继电器 10—个信号， 导通电磁铁 9电书路， 使动铁芯 8位于气门帽 17和减 压支架 2之间的位置不变， 接通起动机电源， 起动机带动飞轮旋转， 内燃机曲 轴达到起动转速， 延时继电器 10断开电磁铁 9电路， 当气门帽 17下落时， 动 铁芯 8复位， 气门杆 11达到气门关闭位置， 内燃机得到起动。
实施例 3、 实施例 4和实施例 5的工作过程同本发明图 1的工作过程一样， 不同的是每一个气门的开启由一个电磁铁或液压油缸控制， 使气门处于开启状 的作用力更小， 且整套装置可以全部安装在气门室盖内， 一点也不改变现有内 燃机的外部尺寸、 结构型式， 特别易于轿车机型的安装。
实施例 6
图 7、 8中， 汽缸盖 101、 气门挺杆 11、 摇臂座 106、 摇臂 5、 摇臂轴 105、 气门弹簧 12是内燃机原有零件， 减压支杆驱动机构 110和支撑块 103固定在汽 缸盖 101上部和摇臂 5的下部 （如图 8所示）， 减压支杆 104和减压支杆驱动机 构 110连接， 减压支杆 104由减压支杆驱动机构 110驱动，可实现减压支 104的 伸出和收回。
在内燃机要停车时， 延时继电器 10先给减压支杆驱动机构 110—个信号， 减压支杆驱动机构 110驱动减压支杆 104伸出， 当摇臂 5—端被气门挺杆 11顶 起至气门 109打开时， 摇臂 5和支撑块 103之间产生空间，减压支杆 104的一端 伸出到支撑块 103的上方停止， 减压支杆 104和支撑块 103上表面接触， 如图 7 所示， 当摇臂 5下落时， 减压支杆 104位于摇臂 5、 支撑块 103之间， 摇臂 5压 在减压支杆 104上， 如图 7所示， 位于支撑块 103上的减压支杆 104阻挡摇臂 5 的下落， 使摇臂 5无法向下移动， 气门 109因摇臂 5的阻挡不能达到关闭位置， 在气门弹簧 12的作用力下， 减压支杆 104被夹在摇臂 5和支撑块 103之间不能 复位， 气门 109处于开启状态， 当需要起动内燃机时， 先给减压支杆驱动机构 110—个信号， 使减压支杆 104保持在摇臂 5下方的位置， 阻碍摇臂 5下落和气 门 109关闭， 接通起动机电源， 起动机带动飞轮旋转， 内燃机曲轴达到起动转 速， 减压支杆驱动机构 110驱动减说压支杆 104复位收回， 减压支杆 104不再阻 挡摇臂 5下落， 气门 109在气门弹簧 12作用下达到关闭位置， 内燃机得以起动 书
运转。
此发明是利用内燃机自身的工作使气门摇臂和气门挺杆上下运动， 当摇臂 抬起时， 在摇臂下方插入一减压支杆， 减压支杆由支撑块支撑， 使摇臂对应的 气门不能工作至气门关闭位置， 气门处于开启状， 这种装置打开气门时所需的 作用力很小， 且大部分部件可置于气门室盖内， 不增加气门室盖的高度， 不占有 空间， 利于乘用车的安装设计， 安装简便， 结构为机械式， 部件少， 可靠性高， 成本低。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种内燃机减压装置， 它包括气门摇臂轴支架 （1) 和气门杆 （11)， 其 中， 气门杆 （11) 上套有气门弹簧 （12)， 且在气门杆 （11) 的上方设有气门摇 臂 （5)， 其特征在于： 气门摇臂轴支架 （1) 与减压支架 （2) 相连接； 气门摇 臂 （5) 与气门开启 /关闭装置活动连接， 气门开启 /关闭装置与控制装置相连接; 所述的气门开启 /关闭装置是指： 当内燃机停车前， 气门摇臂 （5) 向下运动时， 气门开启 /关闭装置接受控制装置的控制命令使气门摇臂 （5) 与气门开启 /关闭 装置连接， 致使气门杆 （11) 不能达到气门关闭位置， 气门处于开启状； 当起 动内燃机时， 气门开启 /关闭装置接受控制装置的控制命令使气门摇臂（5)与气 门开启 /关闭装置在一定时间内保持连接后脱开连接， 气门杆 （11) 达到气门关 闭位置； 所述的控制装置是指： 向气门开启 /关闭装置发出指令， 使之与气门摇 臂 （5) 保持连接或脱开连接的装置。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的内燃机减压装置， 其特征在于： 所述的气门开启 /关闭装置包括位于气门摇臂 （5) 上方的减压轴 （3)， 减压轴 （3) 与减压支架
(2) 活动配合； 在减压轴 （3) 上套有减压垫块 （6)， 减压垫块 （6) 的两端分 别设置弹簧 （4)， 弹簧 （4) 外设有弹簧限位装置， 所述的两个弹簧 （4) 的长 度与弹力是一致的； 所述的控制装置为延时继电器 （10); 电磁铁 （9) 固定在 气门室盖上， 电磁铁的动铁芯 （8) 与减压轴 （3) 相连， 电磁铁 （9) 的工作由 延时继电器 （10) 控制， 内燃机停机时减压垫块 （6) 位于减压轴 （3) 与气门 摇臂 (5) 之间。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的内燃机减压装置， 其特征在于： 所述的弹簧限位 装置为卡簧 （7)。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的内燃机减压装置， 其特征在于： 所述的弹簧限位 装置包括： 拨叉轴 （13) 以及拨叉轴 （13) 上的拨叉 （14)， 拨叉 （14) 对弹簧
(4) 进行限位； 电磁铁的动铁芯 （8) 通过拨叉轴 （13)、 拨叉 （14) 与减压轴 (3) 相连。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的内燃机减压装置， 其特征在于： 所述的气门开启 /关闭装置包括固定在减压支架（2)上的电磁铁（9); 控制装置是指延时继电器
(10)： 电磁铁（9) 的动作由延时继电器（10)控制， 内燃机停机时动铁芯（8) 权 利 要 求 书
位于减压支架 （2) 与气门摇臂 （5 ) 之间。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的内燃机减压装置， 其特征在于： 所述的气门开启 /关闭装置包括固定在减压支架 （2) 上的液压缸 （15 ); 控制装置是指延时继电 器 （10): 液压缸的活塞 （16) 的动作由延时继电器 （10) 控制， 内燃机停机时 活塞 （16) 位于减压支架 （2) 与气门摇臂 （5 ) 之间。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的内燃机减压装置， 其特征在于： 所述的气门开启 /关闭装置包括固定在减压支架（2)上的电磁铁（9); 控制装置是指延时继电器
( 10)： 电磁铁 （9) 的动作由延时继电器 （10) 控制， 气门帽 （17 ) 安装在气 门杆 （11 ) 上端， 内燃机停机时动铁芯 （8) 位于减压支架 （2) 与气门帽 （17 ) 之间。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的内燃机减压装置， 其特征在于： 所述的气门开启 /关闭装置包括固定在气缸盖上部和气门摇臂 （5 ) 下部的支撑块 （103 ) 和减压 支杆驱动机构 （110)， 减压支杆驱动机构 （110) 与减压支杆 （104) 相连， 减 压支杆 （104) 由减压支杆驱动机构 （110) 驱动， 实现减压支杆 （104) 的伸出 和收回。
PCT/CN2013/086304 2012-11-06 2013-10-31 内燃机减压装置 WO2014071817A1 (zh)

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