WO2014071543A1 - 一种城市十字路口结构 - Google Patents

一种城市十字路口结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014071543A1
WO2014071543A1 PCT/CN2012/001532 CN2012001532W WO2014071543A1 WO 2014071543 A1 WO2014071543 A1 WO 2014071543A1 CN 2012001532 W CN2012001532 W CN 2012001532W WO 2014071543 A1 WO2014071543 A1 WO 2014071543A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tunnel
road
height
trunk road
low
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Application number
PCT/CN2012/001532
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
霍树添
Original Assignee
Fok Su Tim
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fok Su Tim filed Critical Fok Su Tim
Priority to PCT/CN2012/001532 priority Critical patent/WO2014071543A1/zh
Priority to JP2015540981A priority patent/JP6093871B2/ja
Priority to CN201280067999.0A priority patent/CN104093907B/zh
Priority to US14/441,967 priority patent/US20150284913A1/en
Priority to KR1020157015648A priority patent/KR20150105949A/ko
Priority to PL12888202T priority patent/PL2918724T3/pl
Priority to EP12888202.4A priority patent/EP2918724B1/en
Publication of WO2014071543A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014071543A1/zh
Priority to HK16103034.4A priority patent/HK1215058A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C1/00Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
    • E01C1/002Design or lay-out of roads, e.g. street systems, cross-sections ; Design for noise abatement, e.g. sunken road
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C1/00Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
    • E01C1/02Crossings, junctions or interconnections between roads on the same level
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C1/00Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
    • E01C1/04Road crossings on different levels; Interconnections between roads on different levels
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/14Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to urban road structures, particularly to urban intersection structures. Background technique
  • intersections of cities mainly adopt road structures such as plane crossings, roundabouts, viaducts, multi-level overpasses, and high clearance tunnels.
  • these existing road structures have defects of one kind or another, which cannot effectively solve the traffic jam problem in the city.
  • traffic lights For intersections with plane intersections, it is necessary to use traffic lights to control the passage of each lane in turn, to concentrate the vehicles and then release them, which makes the intersections easily clogged, and the driver rushes to grab the lamp position in order to compete for time. Lights are prone to accidents such as rear-end collisions or line collisions, causing serious damage such as personal injury and car damage.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a city crossroad structure which can effectively solve the problem of traffic jam.
  • the crossroad structure can significantly reduce the residence time of the vehicle at the intersection, and has less capital investment, less engineering quantity and short construction time.
  • the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention are: a city crossroad structure for solving traffic jam problems, including a crossed first trunk road and a second trunk road, the first trunk road and the second trunk road are two-way lanes, the first trunk road and the second road
  • the surface pavement of the main road forms a central platform at the intersection where the surface of the road surface is shared.
  • the first main road has a low-rise tunnel passing through the underground of the central platform.
  • the traffic height of the low-rise tunnel is not less than 2 meters. No more than 3 meters, the low-rise tunnel rises from the underground through the central platform and then rises back to the surface. From the outer side of the low-speed tunnel, an over-the-road turning tunnel is drawn.
  • the traffic height of the overpass turning tunnel is neither Below 2 meters and not more than 3 meters, the over-the-road turning tunnel turns from the front of the uplifting section of the low-rise tunnel. After a section of turning and lifting the slope, it is connected with the second trunk in the same direction.
  • the surface of the first trunk road Divided into low-lying tunnels into two left and right roads with opposite driving directions for large vehicles.
  • the two surface lanes are in the central plane.
  • the on-stage connection forms two U-turn lanes with opposite U-turn directions for large vehicles to turn around.
  • the two U-turn lanes are located on the left and right sides of the straight lane occupied by the second main road on the central platform, and the road surface on the first main road is driven.
  • the outer side of the direction leads to a lane that turns to the outer side of the second main road, and a lane that turns to the outer side of the first main road is drawn on the outer side of the driving direction of the second main road.
  • the present invention may also adopt the following subsidiary technical solutions.
  • the vehicle passing height of the low tunnel is 2.50-2.60 meters.
  • the vehicle passing height of the low tunnel is formed by the depth of the bottom surface of the tunnel and the height of the top subgrade of the tunnel.
  • the vehicle passing height of the over-the-road turning tunnel is 2.50-2.60 meters.
  • the vehicle passing height of the over-the-road turning tunnel is composed of a sinking depth of the bottom surface of the tunnel and a lifting height of the top subgrade of the tunnel.
  • An underground walkway is disposed on the first main road, and an escape door is disposed between the underground walkway and the underground U-turn portion of the over-the-road turning tunnel.
  • a ventilation window is provided at the top of the underground walkway of the first main road.
  • a ventilation window is provided at the top of the over-the-road turning tunnel.
  • a temporary parking area is provided on an outer side of the traveling direction of the over-the-road turning tunnel.
  • a raised rainwater separation zone is provided on the ground at the entrance and exit of the low tunnel.
  • the low platform of the central platform and the first main road and the over-the-road turning tunnel jointly serve to divert large and small vehicles and vehicles in various directions, and the road of the first main road
  • the middle and low-rise tunnels form a fast line for trolleys, which can effectively avoid large vehicles taking up fast-track driving and slowing down driving speed.
  • the large-scale small-sized vehicles that travel on the first trunk road can directly pass through the second tunnel through the low-rise tunnel, and all the U-turn vehicles traveling on the first trunk road can smoothly and safely turn over the central platform.
  • Vehicles do not need to be controlled by traffic lights, nor will they affect vehicles in other directions, which not only makes the vehicles on the first trunk road smoother, but also shortens the green light passage time of large vehicles allocated to the first trunk road, making the first trunk road and the second road.
  • the traffic on the main road has become smoother.
  • the low-vehicle tunnels and over-the-road turning tunnels used in the present invention have a traffic height of no more than 3 meters, which can significantly reduce the construction amount and shorten the construction time. , cost less.
  • the vehicle traffic height is formed by the tunnel bottom sinking depth of the tunnel and the top subgrade lifting height of the tunnel.
  • This semi-sinking and semi-lifting tunnel structure further reduces the depth of ground subsidence required for excavation of low-rise tunnels, avoids encountering groundwater, and makes the foundation pile easier to construct. It can be treated with simple cofferdams, effectively reducing construction.
  • the time, the construction cost is greatly reduced, the broken pieces of the original road surface, the hard sand excavated, the soil can be mixed into the concrete, and the cushion is used to fill the rising part of the road surface, without having to remove all the excavated soil. , reduce construction The impact of heavy transport vehicles on traffic during the period. Furthermore, reducing the depth of the ground sinking is also conducive to the migration and reconstruction of the sewer.
  • the vehicle passing height of the over-the-road turning tunnel is not more than 3 meters, and the vehicle passing height is common to the sinking depth of the bottom surface of the tunnel and the lifting height of the top subgrade of the tunnel.
  • a raised rainwater separation zone is provided on the ground at the entrance and exit of the low-rise tunnel, thereby blocking a large amount of rainwater from flowing into the low-rise tunnel through the lane, which not only prevents vehicle traffic Blocked by water, and reduced the workload of the pump.
  • the invention is applicable to cities in all developed countries, and is particularly suitable for the general transformation of crossroads where the number of small cars on the road leads to traffic congestion, so that more intersections can be opened with limited resources, without expanding Wide road surface can achieve the effect of increasing urban traffic roads.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the orthographic projection of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the road where the rainwater separation belt is located;
  • Figure 5 is a top plan view of the orthographic projection of Figure 4.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
  • the width of the various lanes described in the present invention is not limited to the illustration, and the road width can be designed according to the standard according to the actual situation.
  • the "cross” of the present invention is not limited to the vertical crossing, and the intersecting angle of the two main roads of the cross is not limited to 90 degrees.
  • the "cross-line turning tunnel” according to the present invention refers to a left turn tunnel in countries and regions that drive to the right, and a right turn tunnel in countries and regions that drive to the left.
  • the first trunk road 1 and the second trunk road 2 are cross-shaped, and the first trunk road 1 and the second trunk road 2 are both two-way lanes.
  • the surface road surfaces of the first trunk road 1 and the second trunk road 2 form a central platform 3 sharing the surface road surface at the intersection.
  • the first main road 1 is provided with a two-way low tunnel 4 which passes through the underground of the central platform 3 (in the figure, a partition wall is drawn between the two-way lanes of the low tunnel 4).
  • the traffic height of the low tunnel 4 is not less than 2 meters and not more than 3 meters. As an optimum value, it is preferably 2.50-2.60 meters.
  • the low tunnel 4 rises from the underground through the central platform 3 and rises back to the surface.
  • a cross-bend tunnel 5 is drawn from the outer side of the low tunnel 4 in the direction of travel.
  • Figure 2 shows, in white dotted lines, the cross-line turning tunnel 5 and the low tunnel 4 in the underground part.
  • the over-the-road turning tunnel 5 is turned from the front of the uplift section of the low-rise tunnel 4, and after a section of turning up the slope section 6, it is connected in the same direction as the second trunk road 2.
  • Cross-line turn The underground U-turn of the tunnel 5 and the low-rise tunnel 4 are staggered from each other without interference.
  • the traffic height of the over-the-road turning tunnel 5 is not less than 2 meters and not more than 3 meters. As the optimum value, it is suitable for 2.50-2.60 meters.
  • non-motor vehicle lanes can also be divided for non-motor vehicles to travel, and non-motor vehicle lanes and motor vehicle lanes should be separated.
  • the surface road surface of the first main road 1 is divided by the low tunnel 4 into two left and right road directions for the large vehicles to travel, and the two surface roads 7, 8 on the central platform 3
  • the upper connection forms two U-turn lanes 9, 10 which are opposite in the direction of the U-turn and can be turned around by a large vehicle.
  • the two U-turn lanes 9, 10 are located on the left and right sides of the straight lane occupied by the second trunk road 2 on the central platform 3, so that the vehicle turning from the U-turn lanes 9, 10 does not occur with the straight-through vehicle on the second trunk road 2. put one's oar in.
  • a lane 11 which is turned to the outer side of the second trunk 2 is drawn at the outer side of the driving direction of the surface road surface of the first main road 1.
  • a lane 12 which is turned to the outer side of the first main road 1 is drawn at the outer side of the traveling direction of the second main road 2.
  • the vehicle passing height of the low tunnel 4 can be completely formed by the depth of the road excavation, but as a preferred embodiment, the vehicle passing height of the low tunnel 4 should be lifted by the bottom pavement sinking depth of the tunnel and the top subgrade of the tunnel. The height is combined, that is, the central platform 3 above the low tunnel 4 is slightly raised. This semi-sinking and half-lifting tunnel structure is further reduced, and the construction is low.
  • the depth of the ground required for excavation of the tunnel 4 makes the construction easier, reduces the construction time, reduces the construction cost, and also facilitates the migration and reconstruction of the sewer.
  • the broken pieces of the original pavement, the hard sand excavated, and the dirt can be mixed into the concrete and adjusted to be used to fill the cushion of the ascending part of the road surface. It is not necessary to transport all the excavated soil to reduce the impact of heavy transport vehicles on traffic during construction.
  • the total depth of the excavated soil can be about 2.3m during actual construction.
  • the vehicle traffic height of the overpass turning tunnel 5 can be completely formed by the depth of the road excavation, as a preferred embodiment, the vehicle passing height of the overpass turning tunnel 5 should also be determined by the bottom surface sinking depth of the tunnel and The top subgrade lifting height of the tunnel is formed in common. If the vehicle passing height of the overpass turning tunnel 5 is 2.50-2.60 meters, combined with the semi-sinking and half-lifting tunnel structure, the total depth of the excavated soil may be about 2.3m during actual construction.
  • a temporary parking area 16 is provided on the outer side of the traveling direction of the overturning tunnel 5. The faulty vehicle can be parked in the temporary parking area 16 to wait for the trailer to be rescued.
  • an underground walkway 14 is provided in the first main road, and an escape door 15 is provided between the underground walkway 14 and the underground turn-around portion of the over-the-road turning tunnel 5.
  • an escape door 15 is provided between the underground walkway 14 and the underground turn-around portion of the over-the-road turning tunnel 5.
  • personnel in the over-the-road turning tunnel 5 can be transferred to the underground sidewalk 14 through the escape gate 15 to escape.
  • the escape door should be managed by a special person. Escape doors 15 are preferably fire doors that comply with fire and smoke standards.
  • This embodiment also has a venting window at the top of the underground walkway 14, and a venting window 18 is provided at the top of the overpass turning tunnel 5.
  • the ventilation window 17 and the ventilation window 18 are located just in the green belt position in the center of the road and will not affect the vehicle.
  • An exhaust fan can also be installed in the ventilation window 17 and the ventilation window 18.
  • the present embodiment is also provided with an underground walkway 13 in the second main road.
  • a raised rainwater separation zone may be provided at the entrance and exit of the low tunnel 4.
  • the structure of the rainwater separation belt can be as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the base point is set at about 60-80m before the low tunnel opening, and the slope at this base point is about 15-20m upward. After the increase of 0.60-0.80m, the slope turns flat about 15m-20m, and then enters the low tunnel 4 downward.
  • the underground U-turn of the underground walkway 14 and the over-the-road turning tunnel 5 is located just below the flat section of 15m-20m.
  • a light-transparent canopy can be added at the entrance and exit of the low-rise tunnel 4 to effectively prevent the impact of rainwater on the low-rise tunnel 4.
  • the main mode of the present embodiment is that the straight small vehicle traveling on the first main road 1 passes directly through the low tunnel 4, and the left turn small vehicle traveling on the first main road 1 is turned left through the overpass turning tunnel 5
  • all the U-turn vehicles traveling on the first main road 1 are turned over via the U-turn lanes 9, 10 on the central platform 3, and these vehicles occupy the vast majority of the traffic of the first main road 1, and these vehicles do not need to Under the control of traffic lights, only the large vehicles left on the first main road 1 and the small vehicles that turned around need to be controlled by traffic lights, and the number of these vehicles is small.
  • the traffic volume should be large, especially the main road with more small vehicles as the first main road 1 according to the present invention.

Abstract

一种城市十字路口结构,第一干道(1)和第二干道(2)在交叉处构成一个中央平台(3),第一干道(1)设有从中央平台(3)的地下穿过的低矮隧道(4),从低矮隧道(4)引出跨线转弯隧道(5),两种隧道的车辆通行高度既不低于2米又不超过3米,第一干道(1)被低矮隧道(4)分隔成两条行车方向相反的、可供大型车辆行驶的地表车道(7、8),该两条地表车道(7、8)在中央平台(3)上连接形成掉头车道(9、10),该两条掉头车道(9、10)位于第二干道(2)在中央平台(3)上占据的直行车道的左右两边。该城市十字路口结构利用低矮隧道(4)、跨线转弯隧道(5)和中央平台(3)使大、小车辆和各方向车辆分流行驶,大量小汽车无阻通行,整个十字路口交通顺畅。

Description

一种城市十字路口结构
技术领域
本发明涉及城市道路结构, 特别是城市的十字路口结构。 背景技术
怎样才算好交通? 交汇处通就是最好的交通! 目前, 城市的十字路 口主要采用平面交叉、 环岛、 高架桥、 多层立交桥、 高净空隧道等道路 结构。 然而, 现有的这些道路结构都存在这样或那样的缺陷, 不能有效 解决城市的堵车问题。 例如, 对于采用平面交叉的十字路口, 需要用交 通灯轮流控制各车道的通行,将车辆集中起来再放行, 导致十字路口很容 易严重堵塞, 而且驾驶者为了争时间急于抢过灯位而冲红灯, 容易引发追 尾或者转线碰撞等事故, 造成人员受伤、汽车毁坏等严重损失; 对于采用 环岛的十字路口, 在车流量较大的地方仍然需要用交通灯轮流控制各车 道的通行, 所以仍旧存在上述缺陷; 对于采用高架桥、 多层立交桥的十 字路口, 桥中间两端引桥较长,桥墩多,不但要投入大量资金, 而且工程 量庞大、 施工时间漫长, 一个十字路口的立交桥工程通常要几年时间, 更占用城市大量宝贵的土地资源, 而且在市区繁华路段建设高架立交桥 会降低周边的商业价值, 也正因为这些原因, 在一座城市中不可能将大 多数的十字路口都建设成高架立交桥, 由此产生瓶颈效应, 导致车辆在 经过高架立交桥后的下一个路口发生更严重的堵塞; 对于采用高净空隧 道的十字路口, 为了使大型车辆能通过隧道, 隧道的净空必须做得较高, 通常达到 5米, 由此导致挖土量大、 施工时间漫长、 耗资大, 也正因为 这些原因, 在一座城市中不可能将大多数的十字路口都建设成高净空隧 道, 车辆经过一条高净空隧道后还会遇到阻塞, 由此同样会产生瓶颈效 应。 发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种能有效解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结 构, 这种十字路口结构能显著减小车辆在十字路口的滞留时间, 而且资 金投入少, 工程量少, 施工时间短。
本发明采取的主要技术方案是: 一种解决堵车问题的城市十字路口 结构, 包括十字交叉的第一干道和第二干道, 第一干道和第二干道都是 双向车道, 第一干道和第二干道的地表路面在交叉处构成一个共用地表 路面的中央平台, 第一干道设有从中央平台的地下穿过的双向行车的低 矮隧道, 低矮隧道的车辆通行高度既不低于 2米又不超过 3米, 低矮隧 道从地下穿过中央平台后上升恢复至地表, 从该低矮隧道的行车方向的 外侧边, 引出一条跨线转弯隧道, 跨线转弯隧道的车辆通行高度既不低 于 2米又不超过 3米, 跨线转弯隧道从低矮隧道的抬升坡段的前方地下 掉头, 经过一段转弯抬升坡段后, 与第二干道同方向接驳, 第一干道的 地表路面被低矮隧道分隔成左右两条行车方向相反的、 可供大型车辆行 驶的地表车道, 该两条地表车道在中央平台上连接形成两条掉头方向相 反的、 可供大型车辆掉头的掉头车道, 该两条掉头车道位于第二干道在 中央平台上占据的直行车道的左右两边, 在第一干道的地表路面的行车 方向的外侧边引出一条转弯至第二干道的外侧边的车道, 在第二干道的 行车方向的外侧边引出一条转弯至第一干道的外侧边的车道。
作为进一歩改进或者最佳实施方式, 本发明还可采取下述附属的技 术方案。
所述低矮隧道的车辆通行高度为 2.50-2.60米。
所述低矮隧道的车辆通行高度由该隧道的底部路面下沉深度和该隧 道的顶部路基抬起高度共同构成。
所述跨线转弯隧道的车辆通行高度为 2.50-2.60米。
所述跨线转弯隧道的车辆通行高度由该隧道的底部路面下沉深度和 该隧道的顶部路基抬起高度共同构成。
在所述第一干道设置有地下人行道, 该地下人行道与跨线转弯隧道 的地下掉头部位之间设置有逃生门。 在第一干道的所述地下人行道的顶部设有换气窗。
在所述跨线转弯隧道的顶部设有换气窗。
在所述跨线转弯隧道的行车方向的外侧边设置有临时停车区域。 在所述低矮隧道的入口和出口处的地面设有隆起的雨水分隔带。 本发明具有以下显著的优点:
1、 在本发明所述的主要技术方案中, 中央平台和第一干道的低矮隧 道以及跨线转弯隧道共同起到令大、小车辆和各个方向车辆分流行驶的作 用, 第一干道的道路中间及低矮隧道形成供小车行驶的快速专线, 可有 效避免大型车辆占快线行驶而阻慢行车速度。 在第一干道上行驶的占数 量比例较多的直行小型车辆能够直接经低矮隧道快速穿过第二干道, 而 且在第一干道上行驶的所有掉头车辆都可以经中央平台顺畅安全掉头, 这些车辆都无需受交通灯控制, 也不会影响其它方向的车辆, 不但使得 第一干道上车辆通行较为顺畅, 而且可縮短分配给第一干道的大型车辆 绿灯通行时间, 使第一干道和第二干道上的车流变得更顺畅。
2、 与采用高净空隧道或者高架立交桥的现有十字路口相比, 本发明 所采用的低矮隧道以及跨线转弯隧道的车辆通行高度都不超过 3米, 能 够显著减少施工量, 縮短施工时间, 耗资少。
3、 与采用高架立交桥的现有十字路口相比, 占用土地资源显著减小, 即使建设在市区繁华路段也不会降低周边的商业价值, 易于推广到整座城 市的大部分汽车高流量十字路口, 由此可解决瓶颈效应, 使整座城市的交 通都变得更通畅。
4、 在本发明的一种改进方案中, 不但低矮隧道的车辆通行高度不超 过 3米, 而且该车辆通行高度由该隧道的底部路面下沉深度和该隧道的顶 部路基抬起高度共同构成。这种半下沉半抬高式隧道结构进一歩减小了建 造低矮隧道所需开挖的地面下沉深度, 避免遭遇地下水, 基础桩更容易 施工, 可用简单围敝处理, 有效减少了施工的时间, 大幅降低了建设成 本, 原路面打烂的碎块、 挖掘的硬质沙、 泥土可以混入混凝土调均衡后, 用于填充路面上升部位的垫层, 不用把挖出的泥土全都运走, 减少施工 期间重型运输车辆对交通的影响。 再者, 减小地面下沉深度还有利于下 水道的迁移改造。
5、 在本发明的一种改进方案中, 不但跨线转弯隧道的车辆通行高度 不超过 3米, 而且该车辆通行高度由该隧道的底部路面下沉深度和该隧道 的顶部路基抬起高度共同构成, 由此带来的优点与上述第 4点相同, 不再 赘述。
6、 在本发明的一种改进方案中, 在低矮隧道的入口和出口处的地面 设有隆起的雨水分隔带, 由此可阻挡大量雨水通过车道流入低矮隧道, 不但可防止车辆通行因积水而受阻, 而且减少了抽水机的工作量。
7、 本发明适用于所有发达国家的城市, 特别适用于对道路上小车数 量占多数而导致交通堵塞的十字路口进行普遍的改造, 从而用有限的资 源让更多的路口得到畅通, 不需扩宽路面就能达到增加城市交通道路的 功效。
附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例的结构示意图;
图 2是图 1的正投影俯视示意图;
图 3是雨水分隔带所在位置的道路纵向剖视示意图;
图 4是本发明适用于左行规则的实施例;
图 5是图 4的正投影俯视示意图。 具体实施方式 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一歩详细说明。 本发明所述的 各种车道的宽度不限于图示, 可根据实际情况按标准设计路面宽度。 本 发明所述的"十字交叉"不局限于垂直交叉, 十字交叉的两条干道的交叉 角度不局限于 90度。 本发明所述的 "跨线转弯隧道", 在靠右行驶的国 家和地区中就是指左转弯隧道, 在靠左行驶的国家和地区中就是指右转 弯隧道。
参见图 1, 根据本发明所述的一种解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结 构, 包括十字交叉的第一干道 1和第二干道 2, 第一干道 1和第二干道 2 都是双向车道。 第一干道 1和第二干道 2的地表路面在交叉处构成一个 共用地表路面的中央平台 3。第一干道 1设有从中央平台 3的地下穿过的 双向行车的低矮隧道 4 (图中在低矮隧道 4的双向车道之间画有分隔墙)。 低矮隧道 4的车辆通行高度既不低于 2米又不超过 3米, 作为最佳值, 以 2.50-2.60米为宜。 低矮隧道 4从地下穿过中央平台 3后上升恢复至地 表。
同时参见图 1和图 2,从低矮隧道 4的行车方向的外侧边引出一条跨 线转弯隧道 5。 图 2用白色虚线示意性表示跨线转弯隧道 5和低矮隧道 4 在地下的部分。 跨线转弯隧道 5从低矮隧道 4的抬升坡段的前方地下掉 头, 经过一段转弯抬升坡段 6后, 与第二干道 2同方向接驳。 跨线转弯 隧道 5的地下掉头部位与低矮隧道 4彼此错开互不干涉。跨线转弯隧道 5 的车辆通行高度既不低于 2米又不超过 3米, 作为最佳值, 以 2.50-2.60 米为宜。 在跨线转弯隧道 5 内还可以划分出非机动车道, 以供非机动车 行驶, 非机动车道与机动车道之间要做好分隔。
参见图 1,第一干道 1的地表路面被低矮隧道 4分隔成左右两条行车 方向相反的、 可供大型车辆行驶的地表车道 7、 8, 该两条地表车道 7、 8 在中央平台 3 上连接形成两条掉头方向相反的、 可供大型车辆掉头的掉 头车道 9、 10。 该两条掉头车道 9、 10位于第二干道 2在中央平台 3上占 据的直行车道的左右两边, 以此使得从掉头车道 9、 10掉头的车辆不会 与第二干道 2上的直行车辆发生干涉。
在第一干道 1 的地表路面的行车方向的外侧边引出一条转弯至第二 干道 2的外侧边的车道 11。 在第二干道 2的行车方向的外侧边引出一条 转弯至第一干道 1的外侧边的车道 12。
低矮隧道 4 的车辆通行高度可完全由路面下挖深度构成, 但作为最 佳实施方式, 低矮隧道 4 的车辆通行高度应由该隧道的底部路面下沉深 度和该隧道的顶部路基抬起高度共同构成, 亦即低矮隧道 4上方的中央 平台 3 略微抬起。 这种半下沉半抬高式隧道结构进一歩减小了建造低矮 隧道 4所需开挖的地面下沉深度, 令施工更容易, 减少了施工的时间, 降低了建设成本, 也有利下水道的迁移改造, 原路面打烂的碎块、 挖掘 的硬质沙、 泥土可以混入混凝土调均衡后, 用于填充路面上升部位的垫 层, 不用把挖出的泥土全都运走, 减少施工期间重型运输车辆对交通的 影响。
如果低矮隧道 4的车辆通行高度为 2.50-2.60米, 再结合半下沉半抬 高式隧道结构, 那么在实际施工时, 挖掘泥土的总深度大约可取 2.3m。
同理, 尽管跨线转弯隧道 5 的车辆通行高度可以完全由路面下挖深 度构成, 但作为最佳实施方式, 跨线转弯隧道 5 的车辆通行高度也应由 该隧道的底部路面下沉深度和该隧道的顶部路基抬起高度共同构成。 如 果跨线转弯隧道 5的车辆通行高度为 2.50-2.60米, 再结合半下沉半抬高 式隧道结构, 那么在实际施工时, 挖掘泥土的总深度大约可取 2.3m。
为防止故障车辆赌赛在跨线转弯隧道 5内, 参见图 2, 本实施例在跨 线转弯隧道 5的行车方向的外侧边设置有临时停车区域 16。 故障车辆可 停放在临时停车区域 16, 以等待拖车救援。
作为进一歩改进, 本实施例在第一干道设置有地下人行道 14, 该地 下人行道 14与跨线转弯隧道 5的地下掉头部位之间设置有逃生门 15。在 跨线转弯隧道 5发生交通事故的时候, 跨线转弯隧道 5内的人员可经由 逃生门 15转移到地下人行道 14逃生。 为防止行人随意开启逃生门 15, 应由专人管理逃生门 15。逃生门 15最好采用符合防火隔烟标准的防火门。
本实施例还在地下人行道 14的顶部设有换气窗 17,在跨线转弯隧道 5的顶部设有换气窗 18。 换气窗 17和换气窗 18刚好位于道路中央的绿 化带位置, 不会影响车辆行驶。 换气窗 17和换气窗 18还可加装排气扇。
除了在第一干道设置地下人行道 14外, 本实施例在第二干道也设置 有地下人行道 13。
为防止大量雨水通过车道流入低矮隧道 4,可在低矮隧道 4的入口和 出口处的地面设置隆起的雨水分隔带。 雨水分隔带的结构可如图 3所示, 在低矮隧道口前约 60— 80m设置基点,在此基点起坡度向上约 15— 20m, 升高 0.60— 0.80m后坡度转平约长 15m— 20m,之后再向下进入低矮隧道 4。地下人行道 14和跨线转弯隧道 5的地下掉头部位刚好位于 15m— 20m 的平路段下方。
为更好地阻挡雨水进入低矮隧道 4,可在低矮隧道 4的入口和出口处 加设透光雨棚, 以有效防止雨水对低矮隧道 4带来的影响。
本实施例的主要通行方式是, 在第一干道 1 上行驶的直行小型车辆 直接经低矮隧道 4快速通过, 在第一干道 1上行驶的左转弯小型车辆经 跨线转弯隧道 5左转到第二干道 2,在第一干道 1上行驶的所有掉头车辆 经中央平台 3上的掉头车道 9、 10掉头, 上述这些车辆在第一干道 1的 车流量中占了绝大多数, 这些车辆无需受交通灯控制, 在第一干道 1 上 只剩下大型车辆以及掉头的小型车辆需要受交通灯控制, 这些车辆数量 较少。 这样, 既能够保证第一干道 1 行车通畅, 又能够将更多的绿灯通 行时间让给第二干道 2, 减少第二干道 2上的车辆等候红灯的时间, 使第 二干道 2 的行车也变得通畅, 最终使得整个十字路口都变得更加通畅, 解决了因车辆等候交通灯造成的堵车问题。 在实际应用中, 应将车流量 较大, 特别是小型车辆较多的干道作为本发明所述的第一干道 1。
上述实施例是针对靠右行驶的国家和地区, 但是本发明同样适用于 靠左行驶的国家和地区。例如, 将图 1和图 2水平翻转 180度, 变成图 4 和图 5所示的实施例, 就是一个适用于左行规则的例子。 图 4和图 5中 的标号与图 1和图 2中的标号相同, 都是表示相同的结构, 不再赘述。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结构,包括十字交叉的第一干道( 1 ) 和第二干道 (2), 第一干道 (1) 和第二干道 (2) 都是双向车道, 其特 征是: 第一干道 (1) 和第二干道 (2) 的地表路面在交叉处构成一个共 用地表路面的中央平台 (3), 第一干道 (1) 设有从中央平台 (3) 的地 下穿过的双向行车的低矮隧道 (4), 低矮隧道 (4) 的车辆通行高度既不 低于 2米又不超过 3米, 低矮隧道 (4) 从地下穿过中央平台 (3) 后上 升恢复至地表, 从低矮隧道 (4) 的行车方向的外侧边, 引出一条跨线转 弯隧道 (5), 跨线转弯隧道(5) 的车辆通行高度既不低于 2米又不超过 3米, 跨线转弯隧道 (5) 从低矮隧道 (4) 的抬升坡段的前方地下掉头, 经过一段转弯抬升坡段 (6) 后, 与第二干道 (2) 同方向接驳, 第一干 道 (1) 的地表路面被低矮隧道 (4) 分隔成左右两条行车方向相反的、 可供大型车辆行驶的地表车道(7、 8), 该两条地表车道在中央平台 (3) 上连接形成两条掉头方向相反的、可供大型车辆掉头的掉头车道(9、 10), 该两条掉头车道 (9、 10) 位于第二干道 (2) 在中央平台 (3) 上占据的 直行车道的左右两边, 在第一干道(1) 的地表路面的行车方向的外侧边 引出一条转弯至第二干道 (2) 的外侧边的车道 (11), 在第二干道 (2) 的行车方向的外侧边引出一条转弯至第一干道 ( 1 )的外侧边的车道( 12)。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结构, 其特征 是: 所述低矮隧道 (4) 的车辆通行高度为 2.50-2.60米。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结构, 其 特征是: 所述低矮隧道(4) 的车辆通行高度由该隧道的底部路面下沉深 度和该隧道的顶部路基抬起高度共同构成。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结构, 其特征 是: 所述跨线转弯隧道 (5) 的车辆通行高度为 2.50-2.60米。
5、 如权利要求 1或 4所述的解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结构, 其 特征是: 所述跨线转弯隧道 (5) 的车辆通行高度由该隧道的底部路面下 沉深度和该隧道的顶部路基抬起高度共同构成。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结构, 其特征 是: 在所述第一干道设置有地下人行道 (14), 该地下人行道 (14 ) 与跨 线转弯隧道 (5 ) 的地下掉头部位之间设置有逃生门 (15 )。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结构, 其特征 是: 在第一干道的所述地下人行道 (14) 的顶部设有换气窗 (17)。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结构, 其特征 是: 在所述跨线转弯隧道 (5 ) 的顶部设有换气窗 (18 )。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结构, 其特征 是: 在所述跨线转弯隧道(5 ) 的行车方向的外侧边设置有临时停车区域 ( 16) o
10、 如权利要求 1所述的解决堵车问题的城市十字路口结构, 其特征 是:在所述低矮隧道(4)的入口和出口处的地面设有隆起的雨水分隔带。
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US20150284913A1 (en) 2015-10-08
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