WO2014054214A1 - シリコン単結晶育成装置及びシリコン単結晶育成方法 - Google Patents
シリコン単結晶育成装置及びシリコン単結晶育成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014054214A1 WO2014054214A1 PCT/JP2013/005009 JP2013005009W WO2014054214A1 WO 2014054214 A1 WO2014054214 A1 WO 2014054214A1 JP 2013005009 W JP2013005009 W JP 2013005009W WO 2014054214 A1 WO2014054214 A1 WO 2014054214A1
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- crucible
- graphite
- insulating member
- heat insulating
- single crystal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/14—Heating of the melt or the crystallised materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/10—Crucibles or containers for supporting the melt
- C30B15/12—Double crucible methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10T117/10—Apparatus
- Y10T117/1024—Apparatus for crystallization from liquid or supercritical state
- Y10T117/1032—Seed pulling
- Y10T117/1052—Seed pulling including a sectioned crucible [e.g., double crucible, baffle]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicon single crystal growth apparatus and a silicon single crystal growth method by the Czochralski method.
- a floating zone (FZ) method in which a silicon rod is locally heated and melted with an induction coil to form a single crystal, and a silicon crystal in a crucible is heated with a heater to melt the single crystal.
- FZ floating zone
- CZ Czochralski
- the crucible in the CZ method generally has a double structure of a quartz crucible made of silicon and oxygen and a graphite crucible that supports the quartz crucible in order to prevent the quartz crucible from being softened and deformed at high temperatures. It is.
- the CZ method oxygen grown from a quartz crucible is taken into silicon in the grown crystal, and oxygen precipitates are formed in the wafer cut from the crystal by heat treatment in the device, which is the device process. Demonstrates gettering effect for trapping impurities.
- the CZ method is relatively easy to increase in diameter compared to the FZ method, and the CZ method is the mainstream method for growing silicon single crystals industrially.
- the causes of dislocations during crystal growth in the CZ method are thought to be due to internal stress during crystal growth or due to various hardly soluble substances.
- the internal stress that is one of the causes of dislocation of crystals is, for example, if the crystal growth rate is very high, the latent heat of solidification generated when changing from liquid to solid increases, and is an isotherm of the melting point.
- the crystal growth interface becomes convex upward and its height increases. When the height of the crystal growth interface increases, the temperature gradient in the direction perpendicular to the crystal growth axis increases, and the stress at the center of the crystal increases. It is empirically known that dislocations occur if this stress exceeds a certain level.
- Patent Document 1 the pressure inside the furnace during operation is optimized to prevent deterioration against the generation of SiO 2 insoluble matter due to the deterioration of the quartz crucible.
- Various techniques for improving the quality of the quartz crucible itself have been disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 To solve the problem of volatile SiO solidifying and dropping, for example, in Patent Document 2, a cylinder (rectifier cylinder) surrounding a crystal and a collar at the lower end thereof are attached to the volatile SiO by argon gas flowing from the upper part. And a technique for preventing the adhesion of components such as CO and CO 2 generated in the heater section to components above the crucible. Patent Document 3 also discloses that the upper end portion of the straight body portion of the crucible is kept warm by extending the outer peripheral portion of the collar to the upper portion of the straight body portion of the crucible, thereby preventing the adhesion of SiO.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a structure in which an inverted conical heat shielding member having a heat insulating material is combined with a heat insulating member outside the straight body portion of the crucible.
- a heat insulating member projecting to the vicinity of the straight body portion Patent Document 7 discloses a radiation shield projecting to the upper side and the inner side of the crucible.
- Patent Document 8 discloses a technique for keeping the vicinity of the interface by reflecting radiant heat using a heat shield ring.
- Patent Document 9 discloses a technique in which the space below the upper ring is kept warm by the upper ring installed above the quartz crucible, and solidification of the raw material melt can be suppressed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a silicon single crystal growth apparatus and a silicon single crystal growth method capable of maintaining and suppressing dislocation due to solidification or the like.
- This is a silicon single crystal growth apparatus based on the Czochralski method in which a graphite crucible is placed inside a heating graphite heater, and a quartz crucible is placed inside the graphite crucible, and crystals are grown from a raw material melt filled in the quartz crucible. And A heater outer heat insulating member outside the graphite heater, a crucible lower heat insulating member below the graphite crucible, a crucible upper heat insulating member above the straight crucible portion of the graphite crucible and the quartz crucible, and when the graphite crucible rises.
- a crucible outer heat insulating member located outside the body portion, a crucible inner heat insulating member inside the straight body portion of the graphite crucible and the quartz crucible, a heat shield member above the liquid surface of the raw material melt, and the crucible
- the silicon wherein the graphite crucible and the quartz crucible can be moved up and down in the crystal growth axis direction in a space formed inside the upper heat insulating member, the crucible outer heat insulating member, and the crucible inner heat insulating member.
- a single crystal growth apparatus is provided.
- the heater outer heat insulating member, the crucible lower heat insulating member, the crucible upper heat insulating member, the crucible outer heat insulating member, the crucible inner heat insulating member, and the heat insulating member are preferably made of carbon fiber or glass fiber, Moreover, what each surface protected by the graphite material or the quartz material is preferable.
- the temperature gradient in the crystal growth axis direction of the graphite crucible at the height of the liquid surface of the raw material melt is 11 ° C./cm or less.
- Such a temperature gradient of the graphite crucible can reduce the temperature gradient of the raw material melt and reduce the number of dislocations caused by solidification of the raw material melt.
- the present invention also provides a silicon by Czochralski method in which a graphite crucible is arranged inside a graphite heater for heating, a quartz crucible is arranged inside the graphite crucible, and crystals are grown from a raw material melt filled in the quartz crucible.
- a method for growing a single crystal the method comprising growing a crystal using the above-described silicon single crystal growing apparatus is provided.
- the present invention provides a silicon by the Czochralski method in which a graphite crucible is arranged inside a graphite heater for heating, a quartz crucible is arranged inside the graphite crucible, and crystals are grown from a raw material melt filled in the quartz crucible.
- a method for growing a single crystal the method comprising growing a silicon single crystal, wherein a temperature gradient in a crystal growth axis direction of the graphite crucible at a height of a liquid surface of the raw material melt is 11 ° C./cm or less.
- a crystal growth method is provided.
- a silicon single crystal can be obtained by reducing the temperature gradient of the raw material melt and reliably suppressing dislocation due to solidification of the raw material melt. Can do.
- the silicon single crystal growth apparatus and the silicon single crystal growth method of the present invention even when the distance between the rectifying cylinder or the heat shield member and the liquid surface of the raw material melt is large, the heat retention of the liquid surface of the raw material melt is maintained.
- a silicon single crystal can be obtained while maintaining and suppressing dislocation due to solidification or the like.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a silicon single crystal growing apparatus used in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a silicon single crystal growing apparatus used in Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the place which calculated the temperature gradient of the graphite crucible in an Example and a comparative example. It is the graph which showed the correlation of the result of the temperature gradient in a Example and a comparative example, and a transposition index.
- the present inventors investigated in detail the state of dislocation formation under various operating conditions. First, dislocation was indexed for each operating condition, and various data under the operating condition were compared. The cause of dislocations that have not been completely removed is presumed to be solidification caused by fluctuations in the temperature of the raw material melt, and the correlation between the temperature around the raw material melt and various indicators was investigated. As a result, there is a correlation between the temperature gradient of the graphite crucible, especially the temperature gradient in the crystal growth axis direction of the graphite crucible at the level of the raw material melt and the dislocation index, and the smaller the temperature gradient, the more dislocations. I found it difficult to convert. If the temperature gradient of the graphite crucible is large, when the temperature of the raw material melt is fluctuated, the width of the fluctuation also increases, and it is considered that solidification is likely to occur.
- a heat insulating member is disposed outside the graphite heater to reduce heat loss of the graphite heater and the graphite crucible.
- the inventors have arranged a heat insulating member around and below the straight body of the graphite crucible and the quartz crucible, and by keeping the temperature firmly, crystals of the graphite crucible at the height of the liquid surface of the raw material melt It was found that the temperature gradient in the growth axis direction can be reduced.
- the present inventors have provided a heater outer heat insulating member outside the graphite heater, a crucible lower heat insulating member at the lower portion of the graphite crucible, and a crucible upper heat insulating member above the straight body portion of the graphite crucible and quartz crucible.
- a crucible outer heat insulating member located outside the straight body portion when the graphite crucible is raised, a crucible inner heat insulating member inside the straight crucible portion of the graphite crucible and the quartz crucible, and a heat shielding member above the liquid surface of the raw material melt If the silicon single crystal growth apparatus having the above, it is conceived that the temperature gradient in the crystal growth axis direction of the graphite crucible at the height of the liquid surface of the raw material melt can be reduced, thereby improving the dislocation transformation of the single crystal. The present invention has been completed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a silicon single crystal growing apparatus of the present invention.
- a feature of the present invention is a technique for firmly keeping the temperature of the straight body portion of the graphite crucible.
- the graphite crucible 6 and the quartz crucible 5 can move up and down in the crystal growth axis direction, and are raised so as to compensate for the lowering of the liquid level of the raw material melt 4 that has been crystallized and decreased during crystal growth.
- the upper end of the straight barrel portion of the graphite crucible 6 approaches the cooling cylinder 10 cooled by the upper cooling water or the ceiling of the main chamber 1.
- the heat loss from here increases.
- the crucible lower heat insulating member 14 in addition to the heater outer heat insulating member 13 outside the graphite heater 7, the crucible lower heat insulating member 14, the crucible upper heat insulating member 15, the crucible outer heat insulating member 16, and the crucible inner heat insulating member 17 are provided.
- the crucible lower heat insulating member 14 is intended to reduce heat loss from the graphite crucible 6 to the lower side.
- the power of the graphite heater 7 is increased so as to compensate for the heat loss, and as a result, the temperature gradient of the graphite crucible 6 is increased.
- the crucible lower heat insulating member 14 is essential.
- a heat shield member 12 having a heat insulating material made of carbon fiber or glass fiber is disposed so as to surround the single crystal rod 3.
- the heat shield member 12 can suppress radiant heat from the raw material melt 4 to the growing single crystal rod 3.
- the material of the heat shield member 12 is not particularly limited, but for example, graphite, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon carbide, or a material obtained by protecting the surface of graphite with silicon carbide or the like is used. be able to.
- the above structure has the first advantage that heat loss can be reduced, but another advantage is prevention of adhesion of a volatile silicon oxide (SiO) crucible above the crucible.
- SiO volatile silicon oxide
- volatile SiO adheres and hardens in a cold place, falls into the raw material melt, and causes dislocation.
- the crucible upper heat insulating member as described above, there is no low temperature portion above the graphite crucible and the quartz crucible, and it is possible to prevent the adhesion of SiO.
- SiO flows out from the gas inlet 9 and flows through the flow straightening tube 11 to the Ar gas flow that is sucked into the vacuum pump at the tip of the gas outlet 8, and is transported downward from the raw material melt 4. It prevents it from sticking to the top.
- each heat insulating member described above is a heat insulating material that can be used at a high temperature such as carbon fiber or glass fiber.
- the surface of such a heat insulating member is in a fibrous form, and when it is deteriorated, dust is likely to be generated, and it may be silicified by reacting with silicon. Therefore, when it is necessary to suppress silicidation of the heat insulating member, it is more preferable to protect the surface with a high-temperature stable material such as a plate-like graphite material or quartz material.
- each heat insulating member When protecting the surface of each heat insulating member with a graphite material or quartz material, the heat insulating member may be surrounded and protected, or only on the surface closer to the raw material melt that causes problems when the fibers fall easily. May be protected.
- Crystals are grown using a silicon single crystal growth apparatus that is equipped with the above-described equipment and that has a temperature gradient in the crystal growth axis direction of the graphite crucible 6 at the level of the liquid surface of the raw material melt 4 of 11 ° C./cm or less. For example, the number of dislocations can be reduced.
- the temperature gradient in the crystal growth axis direction of the graphite crucible at the height of the liquid surface of the raw material melt is a value obtained by temperature analysis simulation such as FEMAG. Specifically, the position at which the temperature gradient is obtained is the portion indicated by “A” in FIG.
- the temperature gradient of the raw material melt should be reduced rather than the temperature gradient of the graphite crucible or quartz crucible.
- the calculation is difficult to use as an index because the gradient value changes greatly depending on whether convection such as natural convection or forced convection is considered. Therefore, the temperature gradient of a graphite crucible or quartz crucible that is proportional to the temperature gradient of the raw material melt, particularly the temperature gradient of a graphite crucible having a high thermal conductivity was used as an index.
- the thermal conductivity of the quartz material is different from that of the graphite crucible, so when using the temperature gradient of the quartz crucible as an index, it is necessary to set a value different from the above-mentioned value.
- the value of the temperature gradient in the crystal growth axis direction of the graphite crucible at the level of the liquid surface of the raw material melt is a temperature gradient in which the temperature decreases from below to above, and the graphite material forming the graphite crucible It fluctuates due to changes in physical properties such as thermal conductivity and emissivity. Therefore, the simulation is performed taking these into consideration.
- each heat insulating member when each heat insulating member is disposed, it is ideal that these heat insulating members surround the graphite crucible, the quartz crucible, and the graphite heater without any gap.
- the heat insulation members in reality, it is not necessary to arrange the heat insulation members without gaps for various reasons, such as for the convenience of raising and lowering the quartz crucible and the graphite heater, for the convenience of setting, and for the convenience of observing the inside of the furnace. difficult. Therefore, the above-mentioned various heat insulating members can be provided with a gap or the like within a range satisfying the above temperature gradient. Also, some of the various heat insulating members may be divided or combined to increase or decrease the number of parts.
- the thicker the heat insulating members the better.
- the thickness can be appropriately selected within a range that satisfies the above-described temperature gradient.
- the silicon single crystal growth apparatus of the present invention can be combined with other techniques based on the CZ method as long as it does not conflict with the above equipment.
- a technique described in Patent Document 10 that improves the cooling capacity of the cooling cylinder, increases the pulling speed, thereby improving the productivity and yield of single crystals, and suppressing power consumption. Can be combined.
- a silicon single crystal is grown by setting the temperature gradient in the crystal growth axis direction of the graphite crucible at the height of the liquid surface of the raw material melt to 11 ° C./cm or less, preferably 10 ° C./cm or less. To do.
- the above-mentioned equipment for firmly keeping the temperature of the straight body portion and the lower portion of the graphite crucible is applied. It can be mentioned that the silicon single crystal growing apparatus is used. As a result, the temperature gradient of the raw material melt can be reduced, and a silicon single crystal in which dislocations due to solidification of the raw material melt are reliably suppressed can be obtained.
- Such a silicon single crystal growth method is a method performed by the CZ method, and can be performed by, for example, a magnetic field application CZ (MCZ) method in which a single crystal is grown by applying a magnetic field to the raw material melt.
- MCZ magnetic field application CZ
- dislocation index (obtained product length / design product length) ⁇ 100.
- Comparative Example 1 When the above dislocation index was obtained in Comparative Example 1, it was a very low value of 64. On the other hand, Comparative Example 2 had a slightly low value of 88. Moreover, in Comparative Example 1, in addition to the large number of dislocations, the number of dislocations in the first half of the straight body was also large. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2, the number of dislocations was smaller than that in Comparative Example 1, but dislocations were confirmed mainly from the latter half of the straight body portion.
- the temperature gradient used was a value calculated when a straight body of a single crystal was grown 100 cm (see FIG. 4).
- the temperature gradient does not change significantly except when the straight body has started growing or when the situation changes drastically, and comparison is possible by calculating the temperature gradient at representative positions. It is. From the comparison of the temperature gradient values of the two, it is considered that in each comparative example, heat loss is generated in the upper portion along the straight body of the graphite crucible, and as a result, solidification occurs and dislocations frequently occur.
- Example 2 From the above results, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 was prepared.
- This device has a thicker crucible lower heat insulating member 14 than the device of FIG. 3 used in Comparative Example 2, and the crucible upper heat insulating member 15 and the crucible outer heat insulating member 16 at the portion where the crucibles 5 and 6 are raised.
- the crucible inner heat insulating member 17 are disposed, and the straight crucible portions of the rising graphite crucible 6 and the quartz crucible 5 are kept warm so as to reduce heat loss.
- the temperature gradient of the graphite crucible at the height of the liquid surface of the raw material melt in the examples was as very small as 6.6 ° C./cm, which was a value of 11 ° C./cm or less.
- FIG. 5 shows a plot of the survey results including the above comparative examples and the results of the examples. It can be seen that there is a correlation between the temperature gradient of the graphite crucible and the dislocation index. From the correlation shown in FIG.
- this invention is not limited to the said embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has any configuration that has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and that exhibits the same effects. Are included in the technical scope.
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Abstract
Description
加熱用の黒鉛ヒーターの内側に黒鉛ルツボ、該黒鉛ルツボの内側に石英ルツボを配置し、該石英ルツボ内に満たされる原料溶融液から結晶を育成するチョクラルスキー法によるシリコン単結晶育成装置であって、
前記黒鉛ヒーターの外側にヒーター外側断熱部材、前記黒鉛ルツボの下部にルツボ下部断熱部材、前記黒鉛ルツボ及び前記石英ルツボの直胴部の上方にルツボ上部断熱部材、前記黒鉛ルツボが上昇した時にその直胴部の外側に位置するルツボ外側断熱部材、前記黒鉛ルツボ及び前記石英ルツボの直胴部の内側にルツボ内側断熱部材、前記原料溶融液の液面の上方に遮熱部材を有し、前記ルツボ上部断熱部材と前記ルツボ外側断熱部材と前記ルツボ内側断熱部材との内側に形成される空間において、前記黒鉛ルツボ及び前記石英ルツボが結晶成長軸方向に昇降可能なものであることを特徴とするシリコン単結晶育成装置を提供する。
本発明者らは種々の操業条件における有転位化の状況を詳細に調査した。まず、操業条件ごとに有転位化を指標化して、その操業条件における種々のデータを比較した。未だに除去し切れていない有転位化の要因は原料溶融液の温度の揺らぎによって生じる固化と推定し、原料溶融液周辺の温度と種々の指標の相関関係を調査した。その結果、黒鉛ルツボの温度勾配、特に原料溶融液の液面の高さにおける黒鉛ルツボの結晶成長軸方向の温度勾配と有転位化指標との間に相関があり、温度勾配が小さいほど有転位化しにくいことを見出した。黒鉛ルツボの温度勾配が大きいと、原料溶融液の温度の揺らぎが生じた場合に、その揺らぎの幅も大きくなるため、固化が発生しやすくなっていると考えられる。
本発明の特徴は、黒鉛ルツボの直胴部を強固に保温する技術である。CZ法によるシリコン単結晶育成装置では、メインチャンバー1内において、黒鉛ルツボ6に支持される石英ルツボ5に満たされた原料溶融液4に種結晶を浸漬した後、原料溶融液4から単結晶棒3が引き上げられる。黒鉛ルツボ6及び石英ルツボ5は結晶成長軸方向に昇降可能であり、結晶成長中に結晶化して減少した原料溶融液4の液面下降分を補うように上昇させていく。従って、育成中の単結晶棒3の長さが長くなると、黒鉛ルツボ6の直胴部上端は、上部の冷却水等で冷やされている冷却筒10やメインチャンバー1の天井部に近づいていき、ここからの熱ロスが増大する。本発明では、これを防ぐために、黒鉛ヒーター7の外側のヒーター外側断熱部材13に加え、ルツボ下部断熱部材14、ルツボ上部断熱部材15、ルツボ外側断熱部材16、及びルツボ内側断熱部材17を有し、ルツボ上部断熱部材15とルツボ外側断熱部材16とルツボ内側断熱部材17との内側に黒鉛ルツボ6及び石英ルツボ5が結晶成長軸方向に昇降可能な空間を形成することで、黒鉛ルツボ6の直胴部を保温し、ここからの熱ロスを低減する。
図2に示した単結晶育成装置を用いて、口径32インチ(813mm)のルツボから300mm結晶(実際の太さは305-307mm程度)を多数育成した。図2の装置は、ヒーター外側断熱部材113と薄いルツボ下部断熱部材114を有しているが、黒鉛ルツボ106及び石英ルツボ105の直胴部や上部を保温する断熱部材は有していない。
図3に示した単結晶育成装置を用いて、口径32インチ(813mm)のルツボから300mm結晶(実際の太さは305-307mm程度)を多数育成した。図3の装置は、ヒーター外側断熱部材213、薄いルツボ下部断熱部材214、石英ルツボ205の内側に大きな遮熱部材212を有しており、それと対向するように黒鉛ルツボ206の外側にも小さな断熱部材216を有している。しかし、ルツボ上部断熱部材及びルツボ内側断熱部材は有していない。
以上の比較例について多数の結晶を育成した際の有転位化の状況を指標化した。同じ有転位化でも、有転位化した位置によってその重大性が異なる。例えば170cmの単結晶棒を育成した際に、直胴部分では有転位化せず、丸めの先端部で有転位化が発生し、スリップバックが直胴部まで戻らなければ、はじめに設計した製品が全て得られる。しかしながら例えば同様に170cmの単結晶棒を育成した際に、直胴部の120cmの位置で有転位化し、40cm程度スリップバックしたとすると、得られる製品ははじめに設計した長さである170cmの半分程度になってしまう。そこで、これらの有転位化の重大さを反映するために、以下のような有転位化指標を設けた。
以上のような結果から、図1に示した装置を用意した。この装置は比較例2で用いた図3の装置と比較してルツボ下部断熱部材14を厚くしたことと、ルツボ5、6が上昇していく部分にルツボ上部断熱部材15とルツボ外側断熱部材16とルツボ内側断熱部材17とを配置し、上昇していく黒鉛ルツボ6及び石英ルツボ5の直胴部も保温して熱ロスの低減を図ったものである。実施例における原料溶融液の液面の高さにおける黒鉛ルツボの温度勾配は6.6℃/cmと非常に小さく、11℃/cm以下の値であった。
Claims (5)
- 加熱用の黒鉛ヒーターの内側に黒鉛ルツボ、該黒鉛ルツボの内側に石英ルツボを配置し、該石英ルツボ内に満たされる原料溶融液から結晶を育成するチョクラルスキー法によるシリコン単結晶育成装置であって、
前記黒鉛ヒーターの外側にヒーター外側断熱部材、前記黒鉛ルツボの下部にルツボ下部断熱部材、前記黒鉛ルツボ及び前記石英ルツボの直胴部の上方にルツボ上部断熱部材、前記黒鉛ルツボが上昇した時にその直胴部の外側に位置するルツボ外側断熱部材、前記黒鉛ルツボ及び前記石英ルツボの直胴部の内側にルツボ内側断熱部材、前記原料溶融液の液面の上方に遮熱部材を有し、前記ルツボ上部断熱部材と前記ルツボ外側断熱部材と前記ルツボ内側断熱部材との内側に形成される空間において、前記黒鉛ルツボ及び前記石英ルツボが結晶成長軸方向に昇降可能なものであることを特徴とするシリコン単結晶育成装置。 - 前記ヒーター外側断熱部材、前記ルツボ下部断熱部材、前記ルツボ上部断熱部材、前記ルツボ外側断熱部材、前記ルツボ内側断熱部材、及び前記遮熱部材がそれぞれ炭素繊維又はガラス繊維からなるものであり、前記ヒーター外側断熱部材、前記ルツボ下部断熱部材、前記ルツボ上部断熱部材、前記ルツボ外側断熱部材、前記ルツボ内側断熱部材、及び前記遮熱部材のそれぞれの表面が黒鉛材又は石英材により保護されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシリコン単結晶育成装置。
- 前記原料溶融液の液面の高さにおける前記黒鉛ルツボの結晶成長軸方向の温度勾配が11℃/cm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のシリコン単結晶育成装置。
- 加熱用の黒鉛ヒーターの内側に黒鉛ルツボ、該黒鉛ルツボの内側に石英ルツボを配置し、該石英ルツボ内に満たされる原料溶融液から結晶を育成するチョクラルスキー法によるシリコン単結晶育成方法であって、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のシリコン単結晶育成装置を用いて結晶を育成することを特徴とするシリコン単結晶育成方法。
- 加熱用の黒鉛ヒーターの内側に黒鉛ルツボ、該黒鉛ルツボの内側に石英ルツボを配置し、該石英ルツボ内に満たされる原料溶融液から結晶を育成するチョクラルスキー法によるシリコン単結晶育成方法であって、前記原料溶融液の液面の高さにおける前記黒鉛ルツボの結晶成長軸方向の温度勾配が11℃/cm以下としてシリコン単結晶を育成することを特徴とするシリコン単結晶育成方法。
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