WO2014042118A1 - マルチレベル電力変換回路および装置 - Google Patents
マルチレベル電力変換回路および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014042118A1 WO2014042118A1 PCT/JP2013/074221 JP2013074221W WO2014042118A1 WO 2014042118 A1 WO2014042118 A1 WO 2014042118A1 JP 2013074221 W JP2013074221 W JP 2013074221W WO 2014042118 A1 WO2014042118 A1 WO 2014042118A1
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- power conversion
- conversion circuit
- resistor
- flying capacitor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4837—Flying capacitor converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/25—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multilevel power conversion circuit, and more particularly to a circuit technique and apparatus for automatically adjusting the voltage of a flying capacitor in a flying capacitor circuit type multilevel power conversion circuit.
- a two-level power conversion circuit capable of outputting a binary voltage is used as a power conversion circuit in a power conversion device.
- the first problem is that a large harmonic filter is required for outputting good alternating current or direct current with a high harmonic content in the output voltage and few harmonic components. Secondly, a lot of electromagnetic noise is generated with switching. The third problem is that there is a limit to improving efficiency because of large switching loss.
- a one-chip integrated circuit is a circuit in which a plurality of semiconductor elements and passive components are integrated on an insulating substrate or a semiconductor substrate by a semiconductor process.
- a one-chip integrated circuit since individual elements cannot be replaced, it is necessary to replace the entire integrated circuit when one element is destroyed.
- circuit systems in the multi-level power conversion circuit include a flying capacitor circuit system, a diode clamp circuit system, and a cascade H-britch circuit system.
- the flying capacitor circuit system is a multi-level power conversion circuit that can output a voltage of three or more values by adding and subtracting the voltages of a plurality of flying capacitors under the control of a main semiconductor switch.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a conventional multi-level power conversion circuit of a flying capacitor circuit system.
- FIG. 1 is depicted as an N-level multi-level power conversion circuit having an arbitrary number of output levels of three or more values, so that the circuit between the flying capacitor 13 and the flying capacitor 14 is omitted.
- FIG. 1 only a circuit configuration for one phase is illustrated for simplification. In a circuit configuration having a plurality of phases, the number of circuits in FIG. 1 increases. For example, in the case of three-phase alternating current, there are three circuits in FIG.
- FIG. 1 it is composed of an input power source 1, a main circuit 2, and a load 5.
- the main circuit 2 includes a flying capacitor circuit 3. Connection destination of the output end 10 of the load may be varied according to the intended purpose of the circuit is applied, for example, the high voltage side of the input power supply E d, the low voltage side of the input power supply E d, the midpoint of the input power source E d, the other phase Can be connected to the load output terminal of the.
- the voltage V n of the n-th flying capacitor C n from the higher voltage is required to be kept at a specified value represented by the following equation (1).
- N is an integer of 3 or more representing the number of levels
- n is an integer of 1 or more and N ⁇ 2 or less
- V IN is an input voltage
- the number of levels depends on the number of levels.
- the charging and discharging of each flying capacitor can be made uniform by a general control signal generation method that compares a plurality of carrier waves and modulated waves having different phases, the voltage of each flying capacitor is expressed by equation (1). It becomes constant at the specified value.
- the state of the main semiconductor switch in the operation mode in which the load current passes through the flying capacitor is summarized in FIG.
- the conduction in FIG. 22 means a state in which a voltage corresponding to the ON state is applied to the gate of the main semiconductor switch, or a reverse conduction state in which a reverse voltage is applied to the main semiconductor switch.
- the open in FIG. 22 means a state in which a forward voltage is applied to the main semiconductor switch and a voltage corresponding to an off state is applied to the gate.
- the equivalent circuit in the operation mode of FIG. 22 is represented by FIG. 23, and charging and discharging of the flying capacitor 11 can be represented by a load current path 6 through the load 5.
- the transition of the operation mode is performed at the switching frequency, and the charge and discharge charge amounts of the flying capacitor are equal for each switching period by controlling the operation mode of charging and discharging to appear for the same time in one switching period.
- the voltage of the flying capacitor is constant at a specified value.
- the three levels are simply described as examples.
- the number of levels is 4 or more, there is an operation mode in which charging and discharging are performed via a plurality of flying capacitors, but in principle, the voltage of the flying capacitor is constant at a specified value as in the case of 3 levels.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is disclosed as a method for solving this problem and maintaining the voltage of the flying capacitor at a specified value.
- the voltage of each flying capacitor is detected, and based on the detected voltage, the main semiconductor switch is controlled to charge and discharge the flying capacitor, thereby setting the flying capacitor voltage to a specified value. adjust.
- the number of operation modes of the circuit increases exponentially, and it is practically impossible to select one operation mode from among them depending on the voltage of each flying capacitor. .
- An object of the present invention is to provide a circuit that automatically adjusts a flying capacitor voltage to a specified value without detecting a flying capacitor voltage in a multilevel power conversion circuit in a flying capacitor circuit system.
- the present invention provides a circuit for automatically adjusting a flying capacitor voltage to a specified value without detecting a flying capacitor voltage in a multilevel power conversion circuit in a flying capacitor circuit system.
- a flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit comprising at least one or more flying capacitors, four or more main semiconductor switches, and an input terminal and an output terminal of the main circuit, wherein the flying capacitor includes: Each node between adjacent main semiconductor switches of the first series switch row in which two or more main semiconductor switches are connected in series to one of the input terminals, and the same number of main semiconductor switches to the other of the input terminals in series The second series switch row connected to each other between adjacent main semiconductor switches is sequentially connected, and the output terminal of the main circuit has a first series switch element row and a second series switch.
- a flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit having a function of automatically adjusting a voltage of the flying capacitor to a specified value.
- a multilevel power conversion circuit characterized by comprising:
- the multi-level power conversion circuit is characterized in that the resistor is connected between an output end of the main circuit and an output end of a load connected to the output end of the main circuit.
- the multi-level power conversion circuit is characterized in that the resistor is connected to one of an output end of the main circuit and the input end.
- the multi-level wherein the resistor is connected to an intermediate point of any one of a plurality of input power supplies connected in series to the output end of the main circuit and the input end of the main circuit. It is a power conversion circuit.
- the resistor is configured by connecting two or more resistors in series, and each node between the adjacent resistors is connected to each node between the adjacent main semiconductor switches. This is a characteristic multi-level power conversion circuit.
- the resistor is a multilevel power conversion circuit characterized in that the resistor is connected in parallel to each of the main semiconductor switches of the first series switch row or the second series switch row.
- the multi-level power conversion circuit is characterized in that the resistor is connected in parallel to each of the main semiconductor switches of the first series switch row and the second series switch row.
- the load is an AC input power supply
- the input power supply is a load.
- the multi-level power conversion circuit of the flying capacitor circuit system can have a function of automatically adjusting the voltage of the flying capacitor to a specified value without detecting the voltage value of the flying capacitor. It becomes possible. Compared to the prior art that requires detection of the voltage value of the flying capacitor, it is possible to adjust the voltage of the flying capacitor to a specified value at a higher speed, and the loss of the multilevel power converter using this circuit Reduction, noise reduction, manufacturing cost reduction, device miniaturization and reliability improvement.
- the resistor in the immediate vicinity of the main semiconductor switch without depending on the shape and size of the load, thereby reducing the parasitic inductance in the closed circuit, The effect of adjusting the flying capacitor voltage to the specified value at higher speed can be obtained. Further, in the above (5), the effects of (3) and (4) can be obtained at the same time, thereby providing high versatility and low cost, and the effect of adjusting the flying capacitor voltage to a specified value at high speed. It is done.
- the trade-off between the power consumed by the resistor in the closed circuit and the ability to adjust the voltage of the flying capacitor to a specified value is improved, and the power consumption of the resistor can be reduced.
- the magnitude of the adjustment current for adjusting the deviation from the specified value can be designed independently for each flying capacitor.
- the trade-off of the ability to adjust the voltage to the specified value is further improved, and the power consumption of the resistor can be reduced.
- the magnitude of the adjustment current for charging and discharging each flying capacitor can be designed independently, the voltage of the flying capacitor is adjusted to a specified value. The capability trade-off is further improved, and the power consumption of the resistor can be reduced.
- the versatility of the circuit is improved, and a highly versatile multilevel power conversion circuit that can be used for various purposes can be realized. Therefore, the versatility of the multilevel power conversion device using this circuit can be realized. The manufacturing cost of the device can be reduced.
- the present invention can be applied to the AC-DC power conversion circuit.
- the present invention can be applied to the multilevel power conversion device.
- the present invention can be applied to the AC-DC power converter.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a flying capacitor power conversion circuit in the prior art.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a configuration diagram of a three-level flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit in the prior art.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a flying capacitor circuit type multilevel power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a configuration diagram of a three-level flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a basic configuration diagram of a flying capacitor circuit type multilevel power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a flying capacitor power conversion circuit in the prior art.
- FIG. 2 is an example of a configuration diagram of a three-level flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit in the prior art.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a flying capacitor circuit type multilevel
- FIG. 7 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a modified example of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a modification of the configuration diagram of the flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 19 shows a simulation result of the multilevel power conversion device of the five-level flying capacitor circuit system in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a simulation result of the multilevel power conversion device of the five-level flying capacitor circuit system in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is an experimental result of the multilevel power conversion device of the three-level flying capacitor circuit type according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a table showing the state of the main semiconductor switch in the charge / discharge operation mode of the multilevel power conversion circuit of the three-level flying capacitor circuit type in the prior art.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit in a charge / discharge operation mode of a multilevel power conversion circuit of a three-level flying capacitor circuit system in the prior art.
- FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit in the charge / discharge operation mode of the multilevel power conversion circuit of the three-level flying capacitor circuit system according to the present invention.
- Example 1 modes for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described.
- Example 2 virtual experimental results using simulation are shown.
- Example 3 measurement results using an actual machine are shown.
- a DC-DC power converter circuit used for a DC-DC power converter (input / output is direct current) and a DC-AC used for a DC-AC power converter (input is direct current and output is alternating current).
- a flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention in a power conversion circuit will be described.
- FIG. 3 shows a conceptual diagram of a flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention.
- adjustment is made so as to form a closed circuit in which the adjustment current for charging and discharging the flying capacitor flows through the adjustment resistor 41 without passing through the load 5.
- a resistor 41 is disposed.
- the adjustment current flows along the adjustment current path 7, and the voltage of the flying capacitor can be automatically adjusted to the specified value without detecting the voltage value of the flying capacitor.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a multilevel power conversion circuit in a three-level flying capacitor circuit system according to the present invention.
- the output terminal 42 of the voltage adjustment circuit and the output terminal 10 of the load are both connected to the low voltage side of the input power supply 1.
- the states of the main semiconductor switches 21, 22, 26 and 27 in the charging and discharging operation modes of the flying capacitor 11 in the three-level multilevel power conversion circuit according to the present invention in FIG. 4 are the same as those in the prior art shown in FIG. is there.
- the equivalent circuit at this time is shown in FIG.
- the voltage adjustment circuit 4 forms a closed circuit for flowing an adjustment current for charging or discharging the flying capacitor 11 without passing through the load 5.
- the adjustment current 7 automatically flows in a direction to return the voltage of the flying capacitor to a specified value as a phenomenon unique to the flying capacitor circuit system, which is not in the multilevel power conversion circuit in other circuit systems. .
- the function of adjusting to the specified value represented by the formula is obtained.
- FIG. 4 the circuit configuration and effect of the present invention have been described by taking 3 levels as an example. However, even when the number of levels is 4 levels or more, the voltage of the flying capacitor is set as in the case of 3 levels. The effect of automatic adjustment is obtained.
- FIG. 5 shows a basic configuration diagram of an N-level flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit according to the present invention capable of outputting an N value as an output voltage.
- the circuit configuration of the N-level multilevel power conversion circuit includes at least a flying capacitor circuit 3 including at least one flying capacitor 11 to 15 and a flying capacitor circuit 3 as illustrated in FIG. And a main circuit 2 including four or more main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 and an output end 9 of the main circuit, an input power source 1, and a flying capacitor circuit system including a load 5 connected to the output end 9 of the main circuit.
- the flying capacitors 11 to 15 are adjacent main semiconductor switches of a first series switch row in which two or more main semiconductor switches 21 to 25 are connected in series to one end of the input power source 1.
- Two or more main semiconductor switches 26 to 30 are connected in series to each node between and the other end of the input power supply.
- the output terminals 9 of the main circuit are sequentially connected to each node between the adjacent main semiconductor switches of the second series switch array, and the first series switch element array and the second series switch element array are connected to each other.
- the main circuit 2 is further provided with a closed circuit composed of an adjustment resistor 41, and in all charging and discharging operation modes in which an output current flows through the flying capacitors 11 to 15.
- the charging currents and discharging currents of the flying capacitors 11 to 15 flow through the adjustment resistor 41 of the closed circuit without passing through the load 5, so that the voltage values of the flying capacitors 11 to 15 are not detected.
- Multilevel of a flying capacitor circuit system having a function of automatically adjusting the voltage of the flying capacitors 11 to 15 to a specified value A power conversion circuit. Further, in FIG.
- the prescribed value V n of the voltage of the n-th flying capacitor C n from the higher voltage is a value represented by the following equation (2).
- N is an integer of 3 or more representing the number of levels
- n is an integer of 1 or more and N ⁇ 2 or less
- V IN is an input voltage
- the voltage adjustment circuit 4 is composed of an adjustment resistor 41.
- the adjustment resistor 41 can be a metal, ceramic, or semiconductor resistor.
- a winding resistor or a chip resistor can be used.
- main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 constituting the main circuit 2 semiconductor switches having reverse conduction characteristics can be used.
- N-channel normally-off MOSFETs oxide film gate field effect transistors
- diodes connected in antiparallel are used as the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30, respectively. I can do it.
- the reverse parallel means a circuit configuration in which the drain of the transistor and the cathode of the diode are connected, and the source of the transistor and the anode of the diode are connected.
- the circuit of FIG. 5 can operate without a diode, the reverse conduction characteristic is improved by attaching the diode, thereby reducing the loss of the circuit.
- a variety of capacitors can be used as the flying capacitors 11 to 15 constituting the flying capacitor circuit 3.
- various electrolytic capacitors such as a ceramic capacitor using a dielectric, a plastic film capacitor, and an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and a capacitor using a semiconductor PN junction capacitor can be used.
- the output terminal 42 of the voltage adjustment circuit can be connected as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 6, the output terminal 42 of the voltage adjustment circuit can be connected to the output terminal 10 of the load. In the circuit configuration of FIG. 6, the adjustment resistor 41 is connected in parallel to the load 5. As a result, the function of adjusting the voltage of the flying capacitor to the specified value can be obtained regardless of the connection destination of the output terminal 10 of the load. Cost can be further reduced.
- the output terminal 42 of the voltage regulator circuit may be connected to the low voltage side of the input power supply E d.
- the output terminal 42 of the voltage regulator circuit may be connected to the high voltage side of the input power supply E d.
- the effect of adjusting the flying capacitor voltage to the specified value at higher speed can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 only one input power supply 1 is illustrated, but a plurality of DC power supplies may be replaced by a series connection. In such a case, a voltage is applied to an intermediate point where the DC power supplies are connected. It is possible to connect the output terminal 42 of the adjustment circuit.
- the output terminal 42 of the voltage adjustment circuit can be connected to the midpoint of the two input power supplies 1 that output the value 57 of the half value V IN / 2 of the input voltage V IN. .
- the function of adjusting the voltage of the flying capacitor to the specified value can be obtained regardless of the connection destination of the output terminal 10 of the load. Therefore, the versatility of the multilevel power conversion device using this circuit is increased, and the device is manufactured. Cost can be further reduced.
- the multilevel power conversion circuit trades off between the power consumed by the voltage adjustment circuit 4 (hereinafter referred to as adjustment power) and the ability to adjust the voltage of the flying capacitor to a specified value (hereinafter referred to as adjustment power).
- adjustment power the power consumed by the voltage adjustment circuit 4
- adjustment power the ability to adjust the voltage of the flying capacitor to a specified value
- a relationship exists. Specifically, when the resistance value of the adjustment resistor 41 is reduced, the adjustment power is increased, and the voltage of the flying capacitor is closer to the specified value, but the adjustment power is also increased accordingly.
- the adjustment resistor 41 constituting the voltage adjustment circuit 4 can be replaced by a semiconductor element.
- the current changes linearly with respect to the applied voltage.
- the current rises superlinearly with the change in voltage, thereby improving the trade-off relationship.
- the semiconductor element it is possible to improve the trade-off and improve the reliability of the device, downsizing, and cost reduction.
- the adjustment resistor 41 is replaced with a diode, a Zener diode, a field effect transistor whose gate terminal is short-circuited with the drain terminal, or a bipolar transistor whose base terminal is short-circuited with the collector terminal. It is possible. As a result, the trade-off between the adjustment power and the adjustment power can be improved.
- the adjustment resistor 41 can be replaced with a diode or a Zener diode in which anodes or cathodes are connected in series. Can be replaced by an anti-parallel circuit of a diode or Zener diode connected by this, and replaced by a regulated bidirectional switch in which the source or drain of a field effect transistor whose gate terminal is short-circuited to the drain terminal is connected in series. In addition, it is possible to replace the bipolar terminal with the base terminal shorted with the collector terminal or an adjustable bidirectional switch in which the collectors are connected in series.
- FIG. 10 shows a configuration diagram using an adjustment bidirectional switch 54 in which the sources of field effect transistors whose gate terminals are short-circuited with drain terminals are connected in series.
- the adjustment capacitor 55 can be inserted in parallel with the voltage adjustment resistor 41. Thereby, the trade-off relationship between the adjustment power and the adjustment power can be improved.
- FIGS. 3 to 13 and FIG. 24 only one adjustment resistor 41 and one output terminal 42 of the voltage adjustment circuit are provided, but it is also possible to provide a plurality of adjustment resistors and output terminals of the voltage adjustment circuit. Specifically, in a series connection of two or more adjustment resistors, each node between adjacent adjustment resistors is used as an output terminal of the voltage adjustment circuit, and the output terminal of this voltage adjustment circuit is connected between adjacent main semiconductor switches. Can be connected to each node. As an example, FIG. 14 shows a configuration diagram using two adjustment resistors. A node between the adjustment resistor 41a and the adjustment resistor 41b is connected to an arbitrary node between adjacent main semiconductor switches as the output terminal 42a of the voltage adjustment circuit.
- the adjustment force is uniquely determined for all the flying capacitors 11 to 15, but by using a plurality of adjustment resistors. Adjustment currents having different sizes can be supplied to the flying capacitors. Thereby, the trade-off relationship between the adjustment power and the adjustment power can be improved.
- the output terminal 42b of the voltage adjusting circuit in FIG. 14 can be connected in the same manner as in FIGS. In FIG. 14, for simplification, only a circuit configuration for one phase is illustrated, but in a circuit configuration having a plurality of phases, it can be connected to a load output terminal of another phase.
- the adjustment resistors 41a and 41b can be modified in the same manner as shown in FIGS. For example, similarly to the modification of FIG. 12, an adjustment switch for interrupting the adjustment current can be attached to each of the adjustment resistors 41a and 41b.
- the adjustment resistors 36 to 40 can be connected in parallel. Although this complicates the circuit, the magnitude of the adjustment current for adjusting the deviation from the specified value can be designed independently for each of the flying capacitors 11 to 15, and the number of closed circuits through which the adjustment current flows Therefore, the trade-off between adjustment power and adjustment power can be improved.
- the adjustment resistors 36 to 40 shown in FIG. 15 can be modified in the same manner as shown in FIGS. For example, as in the modification of FIG. 12, an adjustment switch for cutting off the adjustment current can be attached to each of the adjustment resistors 36 to 40.
- the adjustment resistors 31 to 35 can be connected in parallel. Although this complicates the circuit, the magnitude of the adjustment current for adjusting the deviation from the specified value can be designed independently for each of the flying capacitors 11 to 15, and the closed circuit in which the adjustment current flows can be designed. Since the number further increases, the trade-off between adjustment power and adjustment power can be improved.
- the adjustment resistors 31 to 35 shown in FIG. 16 can be modified in the same manner as those shown in FIGS. For example, as in the modification of FIG. 12, an adjustment switch for cutting off the adjustment current can be attached to each of the adjustment resistors 31 to 35.
- adjustment resistors 31 to 40 can be connected in parallel to all the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 of the main circuit 2 as shown in FIG. Although this complicates the circuit, in addition to the effects in the circuits of FIGS. 15 and 16, the magnitude of the adjustment current for charging and discharging of each flying capacitor can be designed independently, and the adjustment current can be closed. Since the number of circuits further increases, the trade-off between adjustment power and adjustment power can be further improved.
- the adjustment resistors 31 to 40 shown in FIG. 17 can be modified in the same manner as those shown in FIGS. For example, as in the modification of FIG. 12, an adjustment switch for cutting off the adjustment current can be attached to each of the adjustment resistors 31 to 40.
- the magnitude of the voltage fluctuation of each flying capacitor 11 to 15 varies. Therefore, in order to optimize the individual load characteristics, the individual resistance values of the adjustment resistors 41a, 41b and 31-40 in FIGS. 14 to 17 are individually optimized to reduce the power consumption of the voltage adjustment circuit 4. The voltage adjustment effect can be exhibited most while reducing.
- the adjustment power and adjustment power are reduced by lowering the resistance value of the adjustment resistor through which the adjustment current flows at that time relative to other adjustment resistors.
- the trade-off can be improved.
- FIG. 18 shows a circuit configuration in which the voltage adjustment circuit 4 in FIGS. 8 and 15 is combined.
- the input power source 1 is depicted as a DC power source, but it can be replaced with a capacitor.
- the gate control circuit is not drawn for simplification, but a gate control circuit is attached to each of the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30.
- the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 are respectively depicted by N-channel type normally-off type MOSFETs and diodes, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- any semiconductor switch having reverse conduction characteristics can be used.
- each of the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 is preferably composed of a transistor and a diode connected in the reverse direction. Can also operate even if the diode is omitted.
- a P-channel type or normally-on type MOSFET can also be used.
- MOSFET insulated gate field effect transistor
- HFET heterojunction field effect transistor
- JFET junction field effect transistor
- BT bipolar transistor
- IGBT insulated gate bipolar
- the transistor can be replaced with a semiconductor transistor. Further, it is possible to use a combination of two or more of the above semiconductor transistors in the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 constituting the main circuit. 3 to 18 and FIG. 24, the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 are all illustrated in the same direction as the same type connected in series.
- an N channel transistor and a P channel transistor are used together to form a main circuit.
- the drain and source of the P channel transistor are connected in reverse.
- various semiconductors such as GaAs, SiC, and GaN can be used as a material for forming the transistor.
- Specific examples include GaAs-HFET, SiC-MOSFET, SiC-JFET, SiC-SIT, GaN-MOSFET, and GaN-HFET.
- diodes constituting the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 in addition to various diodes made of Si, Schottky barrier diodes and PiN diodes using SiC and GaN can be used to significantly reduce the switching loss. I can do it.
- the DC-DC power conversion circuit and the DC-AC power conversion circuit have been described.
- the AC-DC power conversion circuit (input is an alternating current) in which the input and output in FIGS. Even when the output is DC, the effect of automatically adjusting the flying capacitor voltage to the specified value can be obtained.
- the present invention can be applied to an AC-DC power conversion circuit by replacing the input power source 1 in FIGS. 3 to 18 and 24 with a load and replacing the load 5 with an AC power source.
- the DC-DC power converter and the DC-AC power converter have been described.
- the present invention is particularly effective in the DC-AC power converter. It is most effective in a DC-AC power converter characterized in that the load is inductive.
- the power conversion circuit in the present invention can be formed by being integrated on a printed circuit board, in a module, in a resin package, or the like using individual discrete elements.
- the adjustment resistors 31 to 40 are inserted in parallel with the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 as shown in FIGS. 14 to 17, the main semiconductor switch and the adjustment resistors connected in parallel to the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 are It is desirable to mount in the same package. This enables high-speed voltage adjustment. Ultimately, it is most desirable to form a single chip integrated on a semiconductor or insulator substrate.
- the main semiconductor switches 21 to 25 and the main semiconductor switches 26 to 30 can be made into one chip, and all the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 are made into one chip. It is more desirable that all the main semiconductor switches 21 to 30 and all flying capacitors 11 to 15 are further formed into one chip. Also, it is desirable that the adjustment resistor be integrated with the main semiconductor switch in one chip, which enables high-speed voltage adjustment. By forming a single chip on the substrate, it behaves as a single component as a whole, so that the number of components can be greatly reduced and the reliability is greatly improved. In addition, manufacturing costs can be reduced because a large amount can be manufactured by a semiconductor process. It is desirable to use Si, GaAs, and GaN as materials for one-chip fabrication.
- the effect of the present invention in the circuit configuration of FIG. 6 was verified by a virtual experiment by simulation.
- the circuit is a flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit in a 5-level DC-AC power conversion device.
- FIG. 1 was used for the circuit configuration of the prior art.
- the circuit configuration in the present invention is shown in FIG. Since there are 5 levels, N is 5, there are three flying capacitors C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 , and the main semiconductor switches are S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , Sp 1 , Eight of Sp 2 , Sp 3 and Sp 4 .
- the input voltage is 200 V
- the flying capacitor has a capacitance of 10 ⁇ F
- the load is a series circuit of a resistor having a resistance value of 30 ⁇ and an inductor having an inductance of 80 mH
- an output fundamental frequency is 50 Hz
- a carrier frequency is 2 kHz (switching)
- the period was 1 ms)
- the modulation factor was 1.0
- the resistance value of the adjusting resistor was 5 k ⁇ .
- the adjustment resistor is not attached in the circuit according to the prior art. Further, in this virtual experiment by simulation, in order to simulate variations in the characteristics of the main semiconductor switch, the switching of the main semiconductor switch S 3 was given a switching delay of 1 ⁇ s.
- the voltage waveforms of C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 are integrated with respect to time, and average voltages divided by the integrated time are defined as V 1 , V 2 , and V 3 , respectively.
- the V 1, V 2, and V 3, the prescribed value V n represented by the above formula (2) shows an error voltage ratio VD n normalized by the following equation (3) in FIG. 19.
- N is an integer of 3 or more representing the number of levels
- n is an integer of 1 or more and N ⁇ 2 or less.
- the normalized error rates for C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 were ⁇ 22.1%, ⁇ 2.1%, and ⁇ 36.5%, respectively.
- the effect of the present invention in the circuit configuration of FIG. 17 was verified by a virtual experiment by simulation.
- the circuit is a flying capacitor circuit type multi-level power conversion circuit in a 5-level DC-AC power conversion device.
- FIG. 1 was used for the circuit configuration of the prior art.
- the circuit configuration in the present invention is shown in FIG. Since there are five levels, N is 5, there are three flying capacitors C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 , and the main semiconductor switches are S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , Sp 1 , Eight of Sp 2 , Sp 3 and Sp 4 .
- the calculation conditions are the same as in Example 1, the input voltage is 200 V, the flying capacitor has a capacitance of 10 ⁇ F, the load is a series circuit of a resistor having a resistance value of 30 ⁇ and an inductor having an inductance of 80 mH, an output fundamental frequency is 50 Hz, The carrier frequency was 2 kHz (switching period 1 ms), the modulation rate was 1.0, and the resistance value of the adjusting resistor connected in parallel to each main semiconductor switch was 5 k ⁇ . However, no adjustment resistor is attached to the circuit in the prior art. Further, in this virtual experiment by simulation, in order to simulate variations in the characteristics of the main semiconductor switch, the switching of the main semiconductor switch S 3 was given a switching delay of 1 ⁇ s.
- the voltage waveforms of C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 are integrated with respect to time, and average voltages divided by the integrated time are defined as V 1 , V 2 , and V 3 , respectively.
- the V 1, V 2, and V 3, the prescribed value V n represented by the above formula (2) shows an error voltage ratio VD n normalized by the following equation (4) in FIG. 20.
- N is an integer of 3 or more representing the number of levels
- n is an integer of 1 or more and N ⁇ 2 or less.
- the normalized error rates for C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 were ⁇ 22.1%, ⁇ 2.1%, and ⁇ 36.5%, respectively.
- it was + 0.5%, + 1.1%, and -2.0%, which were found to be closer to the specified values.
- FIG. 1 was used for the circuit configuration of the prior art.
- the circuit configuration in the present invention is shown in FIG. Since there are three levels, N is 3, the flying capacitor has only one C 1, and there are four main semiconductor switches, S 1 , S 2 , Sp 1 and Sp 2 .
- the measurement conditions are: input voltage is 100V, flying capacitor has a capacitance of 8.2 ⁇ F, load is a series circuit of a resistor having a resistance of 10 ⁇ and an inductor of 40 mH, output fundamental frequency is 50 Hz, and carrier frequency is 2 kHz. It was.
- main semiconductor switches commercially available Si-MOSFETs having the same model number were used. The breakdown voltage and on-resistance of this Si-MOSFET were 600 V and 0.19 ⁇ , respectively.
- the resistance value of the adjustment resistor connected in parallel to each main semiconductor switch was 5 k ⁇ or 1 k ⁇ , respectively.
- the power converter by the prior art which does not attach adjustment resistance was also produced for the comparison.
- the power converter according to the prior art has the same circuit configuration as that of the above-described power converter according to the present invention except that no adjustment resistor is attached.
- V 1 For the voltage waveform of C 1 , integration with respect to time is performed, and an average voltage divided by the integrated time is defined as V 1 .
- the V 1 the specified value V n represented by the above formula (1), indicating an error voltage ratio VD n normalized by the following equation (2) in FIG. 21.
- N is an integer of 3 or more representing the number of levels
- n is an integer of 1 or more and N-2 or less.
- the normalized error rate of C 1 was ⁇ 54%.
- the voltage adjustment resistors were ⁇ 26% and ⁇ 2.0% at 5 k ⁇ and 1 k ⁇ , respectively. It has been found that the flying capacitor voltage approaches the specified value according to the present invention. It was also found that the smaller the resistance value of the adjustment resistor, the closer to the specified value, that is, the higher the adjustment force.
- the ratio of the loss occupied by the voltage adjustment circuit to the input power of the power converter was 0.22% and 1.08% when the voltage adjustment resistance was 5 k ⁇ and 1 k ⁇ , respectively.
- the resistance value of the adjusting resistor is lowered, the adjusting power is increased, while the trade-off relationship in which the adjusting power is increased is observed.
- the adjustment resistance is 1 k ⁇ , the adjustment power is only 1.08%, and the conversion efficiency of the entire power conversion device is as large as 90% or more, and the present invention provides a low-loss voltage adjustment circuit sufficient for practical use. I understood that I could do it.
- the present invention can be used for a motor drive device, a power supply device such as solar power generation or wind power generation, a power supply device such as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), and a power supply device for electronic equipment.
- a power supply device such as solar power generation or wind power generation
- a power supply device such as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
- UPS uninterruptible power supply
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Abstract
Description
このとき、電圧の高い方からn番目のフライングキャパシタCnの電圧Vnは、以下の(1)式で表される規定値に保つことが要求される。
3レベルのマルチレベル電力変換回路におけるフライングキャパシタは一つだけであり、図2ではフライングキャパシタ11で表されている。
(5)前記抵抗は、前記主回路の出力端と、前記主回路の入力端に直列に接続された複数の入力電源のいずれかの中間点に、接続されていることを特徴とするマルチレベル電力変換回路である。
(7)前記抵抗は、第1の直列スイッチ列または第2の直列スイッチ列のすべての主半導体スイッチそれぞれに対して並列に接続されていることを特徴とするマルチレベル電力変換回路である。
(8)前記抵抗は、第1の直列スイッチ列および第2の直列スイッチ列のすべての主半導体スイッチそれぞれに対して並列に接続されていることを特徴とするマルチレベル電力変換回路である。
(11)前記閉回路において、さらに前記抵抗体に対して直列接続されたキャパシタを具備することを特徴とする(1)~(9)に記載するマルチレベル電力変換回路である。
(12)前記閉回路において、さらに前記抵抗体に対して並列接続されたキャパシタを具備することを特徴とする(1)~(11)に記載するマルチレベル電力変換回路である。
(14)前記抵抗は、半導体双方向スイッチであることを特徴とする(1)~(13)に記載するマルチレベル電力変換回路である。
(16)(1)~(14)に記載するマルチレベル電力変換回路を用いたマルチレベル電力変換装置である。
(17)(15)に記載するAC-DC電力変換回路を用いたAC-DC電力変換装置。
また、上記(5)では、上記(3)および(4)の効果が同時に得られ、これによって汎用性が高く、低コストであり、フライングキャパシタの電圧を高速で規定値に調整する効果が得られる。
また、上記(7)では、上記(6)の効果に加えて、各フライングキャパシタに対して独立に、規定値からのずれを調整するための調整電流の大きさを設計できるため、フライングキャパシタの電圧を規定値に調整する能力のトレードオフがさらに改善され、前記抵抗の消費電力の低減が可能となる。
また、上記(8)では、上記(7)の効果に加えて、各フライングキャパシタの充電および放電のための調整電流の大きさを独立に設計できるため、フライングキャパシタの電圧を規定値に調整する能力のトレードオフがさらに改善され、前記抵抗の消費電力の低減が可能となる。
また、上記(11)では、前記(10)と同様の効果に加え、前記閉回路の電流を制御なしに自動で遮断することが可能となるため、上記閉回路に流れる電流を高速で自動的に遮断することが可能となる。
また、上記(12)では、前記閉回路における前記抵抗が消費する電力と、フライングキャパシタの電圧を規定値に調整する能力のトレードオフが改善され、前記抵抗の消費電力の低減が可能となる。
また、上記(14)では、前記閉回路における前記抵抗が消費する電力と、フライングキャパシタの電圧を規定値に調整する能力のトレードオフが改善され、前記抵抗の消費電力の低減が可能となる。
また、上記(16)では、マルチレベル電力変換装置において、本発明を適用することが可能となる。
また、上記(17)では、AC-DC電力変換装置において、本発明を適用することが可能となる。
従来技術では、C1、C2、およびC3における、規格化誤差率はそれぞれ、-22.1%、-2.1%、および-36.5%であった。一方、本発明では、-8.7%、+1.0%、-0.9%となり、規定値に近づくことが分かった。
従来技術では、C1、C2、およびC3における、規格化誤差率はそれぞれ、-22.1%、-2.1%、および-36.5%であった。一方、本発明では、+0.5%、+1.1%、-2.0%となり、より規定値に近づくことが分かった。
2 PCC:主回路
3 FC:フライングキャパシタ回路
4 VBC:電圧調整回路
5 LD:負荷
6 ILD:負荷電流の経路
7 IVBC:調整電流の経路
8 VIN:入力電圧
9 TPCC:主回路の出力端
10 TLD:負荷の出力端
11~15 C1~CN-2:フライングキャパシタ
21~25 S1~SN-1:主半導体スイッチ
26~30 Sp1~SpN-1:主半導体スイッチ
31~35 R1~RN-1:調整抵抗
36~40 Rp1~RpN-1:調整抵抗
41、41a、41b R0、R01、R02:調整抵抗
42、42a、42b TVBC、TVBC1、TbVBC2:調整回路の出力端
43~47 T1~TN-1:調整回路の出力端
48~52 Tp1~TpN-1:調整回路の出力端
53 SW:調整スイッチ
54 RFET:調整双方向スイッチ
55 Cp:調整キャパシタ
56 Cs:調整キャパシタ
57 Vin/2:入力電圧の半分
58 V1:フライングキャパシタC1の電圧
59 V2:フライングキャパシタC2の電圧
60 V3:フライングキャパシタC3の電圧
Claims (17)
- 少なくとも、1つ以上のフライングキャパシタと4つ以上の主半導体スイッチと主回路の入力端および出力端からなるフライングキャパシタ回路方式のマルチレベル電源変換回路であって、
前記フライングキャパシタは、前記入力端の一方に2つ以上の前記主半導体スイッチを直列に接続した第1の直列スイッチ列の隣接する主半導体スイッチの間の各ノードと、入力端の他方に同数の主半導体スイッチを直列に接続した第2の直列スイッチ列の隣接する主半導体スイッチの間の各ノードとの間に順次接続されていて、
前記主回路の出力端は、第1の直列スイッチ素子列と第2の直列スイッチ素子列の開放端を接続したノードであって、
前記主回路にはさらに抵抗からなる閉回路が具備されており、
前記フライングキャパシタを介して出力電流が流れるすべての充電および放電動作モードにおいて、前記閉回路の前記抵抗を介して、前記フライングキャパシタの充電電流および放電電流が流れることにより、前記フライングキャパシタの電圧値の検出を行わずに、自動的に前記フライングキャパシタの電圧を規定値に調整する機能を有することを特徴とするフライングキャパシタ回路方式のマルチレベル電力変換回路。 - 少なくとも、第1の直列スイッチ列を構成するすべての前記主半導体スイッチ、または第2の直列スイッチ列を構成するすべての前記主半導体スイッチが、一つの半導体または絶縁体による基板上に作製されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記抵抗は、前記主回路の出力端と、前記主回路の出力端に接続された負荷の出力端の間に、接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至2のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記抵抗は、前記主回路の出力端と、前記入力端の一方に、接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至2のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記抵抗は、前記主回路の出力端と、前記主回路の入力端に直列に接続された複数の入力電源のいずれかの中間点に、接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至2のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記抵抗は、2つ以上の抵抗の直列接続により構成されており、
隣接する前記抵抗の間の各ノードが、隣接する前記主半導体スイッチの間の各ノードと
接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至2のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。 - 前記抵抗は、第1の直列スイッチ列または第2の直列スイッチ列のすべての主半導体スイッチそれぞれに対して並列に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至2のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記抵抗は、第1の直列スイッチ列および第2の直列スイッチ列のすべての主半導体スイッチそれぞれに対して並列に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至2のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記抵抗の抵抗値は、すべて同じであることを特徴とする請求項6乃至8のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記閉回路において、さらに前記抵抗体に対して直列接続された半導体スイッチを具備することを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記閉回路において、さらに前記抵抗体に対して直列接続されたキャパシタを具備することを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記閉回路において、さらに前記抵抗体に対して並列接続されたキャパシタを具備することを特徴とする請求項1乃至11のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記抵抗は、半導体トランジスタであり、前記半導体トランジスタのゲート端子およびドレイン端子が短絡されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至12のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 前記抵抗は、半導体双方向スイッチであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至13のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路。
- 請求項1乃至14のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路において、
前記負荷を交流入力電源とし、
前記入力電源を負荷として構成したAC-DC電力変換回路。 - 請求項1乃至14のいずれか1項に記載のマルチレベル電力変換回路を用いたマルチレベル電力変換装置。
- 請求項15に記載のAC-DC電力変換回路を用いたAC-DC電力変換装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2897277A1 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
JP6025128B2 (ja) | 2016-11-16 |
JPWO2014042118A1 (ja) | 2016-08-18 |
US20150249403A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
EP2897277A4 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
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