WO2014038705A1 - 超微結晶合金薄帯、微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯及びこれを用いた磁性部品 - Google Patents
超微結晶合金薄帯、微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯及びこれを用いた磁性部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014038705A1 WO2014038705A1 PCT/JP2013/074351 JP2013074351W WO2014038705A1 WO 2014038705 A1 WO2014038705 A1 WO 2014038705A1 JP 2013074351 W JP2013074351 W JP 2013074351W WO 2014038705 A1 WO2014038705 A1 WO 2014038705A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
- H01F1/15391—Elongated structures, e.g. wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0611—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by a single casting wheel, e.g. for casting amorphous metal strips or wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/003—Making ferrous alloys making amorphous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/02—Amorphous alloys with iron as the major constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
- H01F1/15333—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing nanocrystallites, e.g. obtained by annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microcrystalline alloy ribbon that can be wound and rewinded without breaking, a microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon obtained by heat treatment thereof, and a magnetic component using the same.
- silicon steel As a soft magnetic material used for various reactors, choke coils, pulse power magnetic components, antenna cores, transformers, motors and generator magnetic cores, current sensors, magnetic sensors, electromagnetic wave absorbing sheets, etc., silicon steel, ferrite, Co-based amorphous Soft magnetic alloys, Fe-based amorphous soft magnetic alloys, Fe-based microcrystalline soft magnetic alloys, and the like are known. Silicon steel is inexpensive and has a high magnetic flux density, but at high frequencies it has a large loss and is difficult to thin. Since ferrite has a low saturation magnetic flux density, magnetic saturation is likely to occur in high power applications where the operating magnetic flux density is large.
- Co-based amorphous soft magnetic alloys are expensive and have a low saturation magnetic flux density of 1 T or less, so the parts become large when used for high power, and they are thermally unstable, so loss due to aging changes. To increase.
- the Fe-based amorphous soft magnetic alloy has a high saturation magnetic flux density of about 1.5 T, but it is still not sufficient and the coercive force is not sufficiently low.
- Fe-based microcrystalline soft magnetic alloys have high saturation magnetic flux density and excellent soft magnetic properties.
- An example of an Fe-based microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy is disclosed in WO 2007/032531.
- This Fe-based microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy has a composition formula: Fe 100-xyz Cu x B y X z (where X is selected from the group consisting of Si, S, C, P, Al, Ge, Ga and Be) It is at least one element, and x, y, and z are atomic%, and are numbers satisfying the conditions of 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 3, 8 ⁇ y ⁇ 20, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 10, and 10 ⁇ y + z ⁇ 24.
- This Fe-based microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy is an ultra-fine crystal alloy thin film in which fine crystal grains with an average particle size of 30 nm or less are dispersed in an amorphous material at a ratio of less than 30% by quenching the molten Fe-based alloy. It is manufactured by producing a band and subjecting the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon to a heat treatment at a high temperature for a short time or at a low temperature for a long time. The rapidly cooled alloy ribbon is peeled off from the cooling roll and wound by winding the end portion around a reel, and rewinding is performed as necessary.
- the ultra-fine crystal alloy ribbon is originally low in toughness and easily breaks and has poor winding properties. However, in mass production, it must be wound into a coil that is neatly laminated. For this reason, a reel having a flange is used. However, it is found that the ultrafine-crystalline alloy ribbon may be frequently broken when the side end portion contacts the flange of the take-up reel during rewinding. It was. Such a problem does not occur in an amorphous alloy ribbon having a relatively high toughness.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a microcrystalline alloy ribbon that can be wound and rewinded without breaking frequently even when a conventional winding reel having a flange is used.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon obtained from this ultramicrocrystalline alloy ribbon and having a high saturation magnetic flux density and excellent soft magnetic properties.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic component using the microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon.
- the inventors of the present invention have developed an ultrafine crystal grain-deficient region in which the number density of ultrafine crystal grains is small at both ends when producing an ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon by a liquid quenching method. It has been discovered that the ultrafine-crystalline alloy ribbon exhibits sufficient fracture resistance due to its toughness, and that the fracture frequency due to contact with the reel flange is significantly reduced, leading to the present invention.
- the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon of the present invention has a structure in which ultrafine crystal grains having an average grain size of 30 nm or less are dispersed in an amorphous matrix at a ratio of more than 0% by volume and less than 30% by volume.
- an ultrafine crystal grain-depleted region in which the number density of ultrafine crystal grains is smaller than that of the central part is formed in a region having a width of 0.2 mm from each side edge of the ribbon,
- the number density of ultrafine crystal grains having a diameter of 3 nm or more is less than 500 / ⁇ m 2 .
- the number density of ultrafine crystal grains having a grain size of 3 nm or more is preferably 100 / ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the number density of ultrafine crystal grains having a grain size of 3 nm or more is preferably 500 / ⁇ m 2 or more in the region other than the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region (central portion).
- the upper limit of the number density of ultrafine crystal grains in the central portion is 3000 / ⁇ m 2 .
- the total width of both ultrafine crystal grain deficient regions is preferably 5% or less of the total width of the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon.
- the ribbon is represented by the general formula: Fe 100-xyz A x B y X z (where A is Cu and / or Au, and X is selected from Si, S, C, P, Al, Ge, Ga and Be)
- X, y, and z are atomic numbers that satisfy the conditions of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 5, 8 ⁇ y ⁇ 22, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 10, and x + y + z ⁇ 25, respectively.) It is preferable that it consists of the magnetic alloy of the composition represented by these.
- the microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon of the present invention is obtained by heat-treating the above-mentioned ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon so that fine crystal grains having an average grain size of 60 nm or less are contained in an amorphous matrix at a ratio of 30% by volume or more.
- a grain growth region having a dispersed structure and fine crystal grains having a grain size larger than the average grain size is formed at both end portions, and the total width of both grain growth regions is that of the microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon. It is characterized by being 5% or less of the total width.
- the magnetic component of the present invention is characterized by comprising the above-described microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon.
- an ultrafine crystal grain-depleted region in which the number density of ultrafine crystal grains is smaller than that in the central part is formed at each side end, and the ultrafine crystal grain-depleted region is close to an amorphous phase. Since it has toughness, it has high fracture resistance during winding and rewinding. As a result, the frequency of cracking and breaking during handling such as cutting and winding is reduced, so that it is possible to stably mass-produce ultrafine alloy ribbons.
- FIG. 2 is a transmission electron micrograph showing the microstructure of the end of the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon formed in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a transmission electron micrograph showing the microstructure of the central portion of the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon formed in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a transmission electron micrograph showing the microstructure of the end portion of the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon formed in Comparative Example 1.
- Microcrystalline alloy ribbon (1) Ultrafine grain deficient region Fig. 1 shows the process of cooling the molten metal (phase state change) by the single roll method, and Fig. 2 shows how the molten metal on the cooling roll changes from the liquid phase to the solid phase.
- the molten metal 6 ejected from the nozzle 5 onto the cooling roll 2 is kept as a paddle (molten pool) 7 and kept in the liquid phase for about 10 ⁇ 8 to 10 ⁇ 6 seconds, and then cooled. It is cooled rapidly by roll 2 and becomes supercooled (primary cooling process).
- the fine crystal grains with an average grain size of 60 nm or less dispersed in the amorphous matrix are 30% by volume or more.
- a magnetic alloy ribbon is obtained.
- the term “ultrafine crystal grains” means crystal nuclei precipitated in the amorphous matrix of an ultrafine crystal alloy formed by quenching the molten alloy, and the term “fine crystal grains” means ultrafine crystal grains. Means crystal grains grown by heat treatment.
- the “volume fraction” of the ultrafine crystal grains and the fine crystal grains is obtained from the micrograph by a line segment method, and “number density” is the number of crystal grains per unit area counted in the microphotograph.
- the number density of ultrafine crystal grains changes depending on the cooling rate.
- the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon containing ultrafine crystal grains has low toughness, and is liable to break during winding and rewinding.
- the ultrafine crystal grain-deficient region has a structure close to an amorphous phase, and is preferably substantially an amorphous phase.
- both end portions are preferably thinner than the central portion 1a.
- Fig. 3 shows the heat transfer when the areas 1b and 1b near both ends are thinner than the center 1a.
- the thickness of arrows 16 and 17 indicates the amount of heat transferred, and the directions of arrows 16 and 17 indicate the heat transfer direction. Indicates.
- the cooling efficiency of the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon 1 near both ends 1b and 1b is better than that of the center 1a
- the amount of heat transferred from the ribbon 1 to the cooling roll 2 is the center as shown by arrows 16 and 17
- the side end vicinity regions 1b and 1b are larger than the portion 1a, and the side end vicinity regions 1b and 1b are cooled faster than the central portion 1a.
- the number density of the ultrafine crystal grains 13 is lower in the side end vicinity regions 1b and 1b than in the central portion.
- a region 15 having a width of 0.2 mm from each of the side end portions 12 and 14 is defined as an “ultrafine crystal grain deficient region”.
- the number density of ultrafine crystal grains 13 with a grain size of 3 nm or more (size that can be visually confirmed in a TEM photograph with a magnification of 20,000 times) in the ultrafine crystal grain-deficient region 15 is Must be less than 500 / ⁇ m 2 .
- a structure in which the number density of the ultrafine crystal grains 13 is less than 500 / ⁇ m 2 has toughness substantially similar to an amorphous phase. Since the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region 15 is formed substantially continuously in the longitudinal direction of the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon, the fracture resistance of the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon is improved.
- the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region 15 where the number density of ultrafine crystal grains is small, grain growth is likely to occur by heat treatment. Accordingly, the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region 15 becomes a “grain growth region” after the heat treatment.
- Coarse crystal grains reduce magnetic saturation in a low magnetic field. Focusing on the ratio B 80 / B 8000 with a low magnetic field (80 A / m) the magnetic flux density B 80 and high magnetic field (8000 A / m) the magnetic flux density B 8000 (approximately the same as the saturation flux density B s) in at When the crystal grains are coarsened, B 80 / B 8000 tends to be small.
- B 80 / B 8000 is substantially the same as B 80 / B S.
- the total width of the grain growth region with respect to the entire width of the ribbon is preferably 4% or less, more preferably 2% or less.
- the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon has a structure in which ultrafine crystal grains having an average grain size of 30 nm or less are dispersed in an amorphous matrix at a ratio of more than 0% by volume and 30% by volume or less. . If the average grain size of the ultrafine crystal grains exceeds 30 nm, the microcrystal grains after the heat treatment become coarse and the soft magnetic properties deteriorate.
- the lower limit of the average grain size of the ultrafine crystal grains is about 0.5 nm from the measurement limit, but is preferably 1 nm or more, and more preferably 2 nm or more. In order to obtain excellent soft magnetic properties, the average grain size of the ultrafine crystal grains is preferably 5 to 25 nm, more preferably 5 to 20 nm.
- the average grain size of the ultrafine crystal grains is preferably about 5 to 15 nm.
- the volume fraction of ultrafine crystal grains in ultrafine crystal alloy ribbons exceeds 0% by volume, but if it exceeds 30% by volume, the average grain size of ultrafine crystal grains tends to exceed 30 nm.
- the ribbon does not have sufficient toughness, and handling in the subsequent process becomes difficult.
- there is no ultrafine crystal grain if it is completely amorphous, it is easy to form coarse crystal grains by heat treatment.
- the volume fraction of ultrafine crystal grains in the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon is preferably 5 to 30%, more preferably 10 to 25%.
- the average distance between the ultrafine crystal grains (average distance between the centers of gravity) be 50 nm or less because the magnetic anisotropy of the fine crystal grains is averaged and the effective crystal magnetic anisotropy is reduced.
- the average distance exceeds 50 nm, the effect of averaging the magnetic anisotropy is reduced, the effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy is increased, and the soft magnetic properties are deteriorated.
- the magnetic alloy used in the present invention has a general formula: Fe 100-xyz A x B y X z (where A is Cu and / or Au, X is Si, S, C, P, Al, At least one element selected from Ge, Ga, and Be, and x, y, and z are atomic percentages of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 5, 8 ⁇ y ⁇ 22, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 10, and x + y + z ⁇ 25, respectively. It is preferable to have a composition represented by: Of course, the magnetic alloy may contain inevitable impurities.
- the Fe content is 75 atomic% or more, preferably 77 atomic% or more, more preferably 78 atomic% or more.
- the saturation magnetic flux density Bs is 1.7sT or more.
- the saturation magnetic flux density Bs is 1.741.7T or more.
- the saturation magnetic flux density Bs is 1.781.7T or more.
- the saturation magnetic flux density Bs is 1.8sT or more.
- soft magnetic characteristics and productivity can be improved by appropriately using the preferable composition ranges of the respective elements described below.
- the microcrystalline alloy has a high Fe content.
- Fe and the basic composition of the Fe-B system in which an amorphous phase is stably obtained contain Fe and a non-solid solution nucleation element A (Cu and / or Au). Specifically, by adding Cu and / or Au, which is insoluble in Fe, to Fe-B alloys that have an amorphous main phase that can be stably obtained and whose Fe content is 88 atomic% or less. Crystal grains are precipitated. The ultrafine crystal grains grow uniformly by the subsequent heat treatment.
- the element A is preferably Cu. If it exceeds 3 atomic%, the soft magnetic properties tend to deteriorate, so the Cu content x is preferably 0.3 to 2 atomic%, more preferably 1 to 1.7 atomic%, and most preferably 1.2 to 1.6 atoms. %. When it contains Au, it is preferable to set it as 1.5 atomic% or less.
- B (Boron) is an element that promotes the formation of an amorphous phase.
- B is less than 8 atomic%, it is difficult to obtain a microcrystalline alloy ribbon having an amorphous phase as a main phase.
- the saturation magnetic flux density of the obtained alloy ribbon is 1.7 T. Less than. Therefore, the B content y needs to satisfy the condition of 8 ⁇ y ⁇ 22.
- the content y of B is preferably 11 to 20 atomic%, more preferably 12 to 18 atomic%, and most preferably 12 to 17 atomic%.
- the X element is at least one element selected from Si, S, C, P, Al, Ge, Ga, and Be, and Si is particularly preferable. Since the temperature at which Fe—B or Fe—P (when P is added) having a large magnetocrystalline anisotropy is precipitated increases by the addition of the X element, the heat treatment temperature can be increased. By applying a heat treatment at a high temperature, the proportion of fine crystal grains increases, Bs increases, the squareness of the BH curve is improved, and alteration or discoloration of the surface of the ribbon can also be suppressed.
- the lower limit of the content z of X element may be 0 atomic%, but if it is 1 atomic% or more, an oxide layer of X element is formed on the surface of the ribbon, and the internal oxidation can be sufficiently suppressed. Further, when the content z of element X exceeds 10 atomic%, Bs becomes less than 1.7 T.
- the content z of the X element is preferably 2 to 9 atomic%, more preferably 3 to 8 atomic%, and most preferably 4 to 7 atomic%.
- P of the X element is an element that improves the ability to form an amorphous phase, and suppresses the growth of microcrystalline grains and suppresses segregation of B into the oxide film. Therefore, P is preferable for realizing high toughness, high Bs, and good soft magnetic properties.
- S, C, Al, Ge, Ga, or Be is used as the X element, magnetostriction and magnetic characteristics can be adjusted.
- a part of Fe may be replaced with at least one D element selected from Ni, Mn, Co, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta and W.
- the content of element D is preferably 0.01 to 10 atomic%, more preferably 0.01 to 3 atomic%, and most preferably 0.01 to 1.5 atomic%.
- Ni, Mn, Co, V, and Cr have the effect of moving the region with a high B concentration to the surface side. From the region close to the surface to the structure close to the parent phase, the soft magnetic alloy ribbon Improve soft magnetic properties (permeability, coercivity, etc.).
- the Ni content is preferably 0.1 to 2 atom%, more preferably 0.5 to 1 atom%.
- the Co content is also preferably 0.1 to 2 atomic%, and more preferably 0.5 to 1 atomic%.
- Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W also preferentially enter the amorphous phase that remains after heat treatment together with the A element and metalloid element, contributing to improvement of the saturation magnetic flux density Bs and soft magnetic properties. To do. On the other hand, if there are too many of these elements with a large atomic weight, the content of Fe per unit weight decreases and the soft magnetic properties deteriorate.
- the total amount of these elements is preferably 3 atomic% or less. Particularly in the case of Nb and Zr, the total content is preferably 2.5 atomic percent or less, and more preferably 1.5 atomic percent or less. In the case of Ta and Hf, the total content is preferably 1.5 atomic percent or less, and more preferably 0.8 atomic percent or less.
- a part of Fe may be substituted with at least one element selected from Re, Y, Zn, As, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, platinum group elements, Bi, N, O, and rare earth elements.
- the total content of these elements is preferably 5 atomic percent or less, and more preferably 2 atomic percent or less.
- the total amount of these elements is preferably 1.5 atomic percent or less, and more preferably 1.0 atomic percent or less.
- the temperature of the molten alloy is preferably 50 to 300 ° C higher than the melting point of the alloy.
- a ribbon with a thickness of several tens of ⁇ m on which ultrafine crystal grains are deposited is produced.
- a molten metal of about 1300 to 1400 ° C. is ejected from the nozzle onto the cooling roll.
- the atmosphere in the single roll method is air or an inert gas (Ar, nitrogen, etc.) when the alloy does not contain an active metal, and an inert gas (Ar, He, nitrogen, etc.) It is a vacuum.
- an oxygen-containing atmosphere for example, air
- the cooling roll As the material of the cooling roll, pure copper having a high thermal conductivity or a copper alloy such as Cu-Be, Cu-Cr, Cu-Zr, or Cu-Zr-Cr is suitable.
- the cooling roll is preferably water-cooled. Since the water cooling of the cooling roll affects the volume fraction of the ultrafine crystal grains, it is effective to maintain the cooling capacity (which may be referred to as the cooling rate) of the cooling roll from the beginning to the end of casting. In a mass production line, the cooling capacity of the cooling roll correlates with the temperature of the cooling water, and it is effective to keep the cooling water at a predetermined temperature or higher.
- the ribbon In the central part of the ultrafine-crystalline alloy ribbon, the ribbon needs to be exposed to a temperature of 300 ° C to 500 ° C for 0.01 seconds or more in the secondary cooling process. If the ribbon temperature is lower than the above temperature range or the cooling time is shorter than the above before the secondary cooling process, the number density of ultrafine crystal grains is lowered due to excessive cooling. This occurs when the width of the cooling roll is too wide for the width of the ribbon as shown in FIG. If the number density of ultrafine crystal grains in the central portion of the ribbon is too low, the soft magnetic properties of the entire ribbon are insufficient.
- the distance S between the side edges 12, 14 of the ribbon 1 and the corresponding edge of the cooling roll 2 (the shorter distance if the distance S is different at both ends of the ribbon). It is important to.
- the surface properties of the cooling roll 2 change, so that the position on the cooling roll 2 is changed and poured to avoid the influence of this change. Therefore, the pouring width on the cooling roll 2 (the width of the entire region to be poured) is larger than the width of the ribbon 1. Therefore, the distance S is not simply obtained from the width L of the cooling roll 2 and the width W of the thin ribbon 1, and the pouring width must be taken into consideration.
- the width L of the cooling roll 2 is determined from the width W of the ribbon 1 to be manufactured, the required distance S and the pouring width.
- the distance S is 30 to 150 mm.
- the region 1 mm wide from the side edges 12 and 14 of the ribbon 1 is cooled by about 100 to 300 ° C. lower than the central portion of the ribbon, and a good ultrafine crystal grain deficient region 15 is formed. I found out.
- the temperature rise of the entire cooling roll 2 becomes remarkable.
- the distance S must be 50 to 200 mm.
- the width W of the ribbon 1 is preferably 5 to 75% with respect to the width L of the cooling roll 2.
- control of plate thickness, cross-sectional shape, surface undulation, etc. can be performed by paddle control.
- the paddle it is effective to control the distance (gap) between the nozzle and the cooling roll and adjust the tapping pressure and the weight of the molten metal.
- the control of the tapping pressure relating to the pressure and the weight of the molten metal vary depending on parameters such as the remaining amount of the molten metal and the molten metal temperature, and thus are difficult to control.
- the gap control can be controlled relatively easily by monitoring the distance between the cooling roll and the nozzle and always applying feedback. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the plate thickness, cross-sectional shape, surface undulation, etc. of the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon by gap control.
- the wider the gap the better the hot water flow, which is effective for thickening the ribbon 1 and preventing the paddle from collapsing.
- the ribbon 1 has a cross-sectional shape (kamaboko-like) with a thick central portion and a thin end portion, and the amount of ultrafine crystal grains precipitated varies depending on the cooling rate due to the plate thickness difference.
- the gap is more preferably 200 to 300 ⁇ m.
- Peripheral speed of chill roll In order to control the cooling speed of the ribbon 1 closely related to the formation of ultrafine crystal grains, it is preferable to control the peripheral speed of the chill roll 2. As the peripheral speed of the cooling roll 2 increases, the number of ultrafine crystal grains decreases, and increases as the peripheral speed decreases. In order to promote the formation of ultrafine crystal grains in the central portion 1a of the ribbon 1, the peripheral speed of the cooling roll is preferably 15 to 50 m / s, more preferably 20 to 40 m / s, and more preferably 25 to 35 m. / s is most preferred. It has also been found that the peripheral speed of the cooling roll 2 affects the formation of the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region 15.
- the peripheral speed of the cooling roll 2 When the peripheral speed of the cooling roll 2 is increased, the cooling speed of the ribbon 1 is increased, so that the formation of the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region 15 is promoted.
- the peripheral speed of the cooling roll 2 having a width satisfying the above requirements is preferably 15 to 50 m / sec. 20 to 40 m / sec is more preferable.
- peeling temperature By blowing an inert gas (such as nitrogen) from the nozzle between the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon obtained by rapid cooling and the cooling roll, the ribbon is peeled from the cooling roll.
- the strip stripping temperature (which correlates with the cooling time) also affects the volume fraction of ultrafine grains.
- the stripping temperature of the ribbon can be adjusted by changing the position (peeling position) of the nozzle that blows the inert gas, and is generally 170 to 350 ° C, preferably 200 to 340 ° C, more preferably 250 to 330 ° C. is there. When the peeling temperature is less than 170 ° C., the alloy structure becomes almost amorphous due to excessive cooling.
- the peeled microcrystalline alloy ribbon is often directly wound on a reel by a synchronous winder. However, since the inside of the ribbon is still relatively hot, it is desirable to cool the ribbon sufficiently before winding to prevent further crystallization. For example, it is preferable to wind an inert gas (nitrogen or the like) on the peeled ribbon after cooling to substantially room temperature.
- an inert gas nitrogen or the like
- Microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon By heat-treating the ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon, the body-centered cubic (bcc) structure fine crystal grains with an average grain size of 60 nm or less are 30% or more, preferably 50% or more A microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon having a structure dispersed in an amorphous phase at a volume fraction of 5% is obtained.
- the average grain size of the fine crystal grains is larger than the average grain size of the ultrafine crystal grains before the heat treatment.
- the average grain size of the fine crystal grains is preferably 15 to 40 nm.
- Heat treatment method (a) High-temperature and short-time heat treatment
- the ribbon is heated to the maximum temperature at a heating rate of 100 ° C./min or more and held at the maximum temperature for 1 hour or less.
- the average heating rate up to the maximum temperature is preferably 100 ° C./min or more. Since the rate of temperature increase in a high temperature region of 300 ° C. or higher greatly affects the magnetic properties, the average temperature increase rate of 300 ° C. or higher is preferably 100 ° C./min or higher.
- the maximum temperature of the heat treatment is preferably (T X2 -50) ° C.
- T X2 is the precipitation temperature of the compound), specifically 430 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the maximum temperature is preferably 500 ° C. (T X2 ) or less. Even when the maximum temperature holding time exceeds 1 hour, microcrystallization does not change much and the productivity is low.
- the holding time is preferably 30 minutes or less, more preferably 20 minutes or less, and most preferably 15 minutes or less. Even in such a high temperature heat treatment, crystal grain growth and compound formation can be suppressed for a short time, the coercive force is lowered, the magnetic flux density in a low magnetic field is improved, and the hysteresis loss is reduced.
- (b) Low-temperature long-time heat treatment As another heat treatment mode, there is a low-temperature low-speed heat treatment in which the ribbon is held at a maximum temperature of about 350 ° C. or higher and lower than 430 ° C. for 1 hour or longer. From the viewpoint of mass productivity, the holding time is preferably 24 hours or less, and more preferably 4 hours or less. In order to suppress an increase in coercive force, the average rate of temperature rise is preferably 0.1 to 200 ° C./min, and more preferably 0.1 to 100 ° C./min. By this heat treatment, a microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon with high squareness can be obtained.
- the heat treatment atmosphere may be air, but in order to form an oxide film having a desired layer structure by diffusing Si, Fe, B and Cu to the surface side, the oxygen concentration of the heat treatment atmosphere is 6 to 18% is preferred, 8-15% is more preferred, and 9-13% is most preferred.
- the heat treatment atmosphere is preferably a mixed gas of an inert gas such as nitrogen, Ar, or helium and oxygen.
- the dew point of the heat treatment atmosphere is preferably ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 60 ° C. or lower.
- (d) Heat treatment in a magnetic field In order to impart good induction magnetic anisotropy to a microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon by heat treatment in a magnetic field, the temperature is raised while the heat treatment temperature is 200 ° C. or higher (preferably 20 minutes or longer). It is preferable to apply a magnetic field having a strength sufficient to saturate the soft magnetic alloy, both during the holding of the medium, at the maximum temperature, and during the cooling.
- the magnetic field strength varies depending on the shape of the ribbon, but it is 8 kA when applied in either the width direction (height direction in the case of an annular core) or the longitudinal direction (circumferential direction in the case of an annular core). / m or more is preferable.
- the magnetic field may be a direct magnetic field, an alternating magnetic field, or a pulsed magnetic field.
- a microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon having a DC hysteresis loop with a high squareness ratio or a low squareness ratio can be obtained by heat treatment in a magnetic field.
- the microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon has a direct current hysteresis loop with a medium squareness ratio.
- An oxide film such as SiO 2 , MgO, Al 2 O 3 may be formed on the microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon as necessary.
- the bond strength of the oxide increases.
- the magnetic core made of the ribbon may be impregnated with resin.
- the amorphous matrix after heat treatment has a volume fraction of 30% or more of body-centered cubic (bcc) crystallites with an average grain size of 60 nm or less. And has a structure dispersed in the amorphous phase.
- bcc body-centered cubic
- the average grain size of the fine crystal grains after the heat treatment is preferably 40 nm or less, and more preferably 30 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the average grain size of the microcrystalline grains is generally 12 nm, preferably 15 nm, and more preferably 18 nm.
- the volume fraction of the fine crystal grains after the heat treatment is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more. With an average particle size of 60 nm or less and a volume fraction of 30% or more, an alloy ribbon having lower magnetostriction and superior soft magnetism than an Fe-based amorphous alloy can be obtained.
- the Fe-based amorphous alloy ribbon with the same composition has a relatively large magnetostriction due to the magnetovolume effect, but the microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy in which microcrystalline grains mainly composed of bcc-Fe are dispersed has a magnetostriction caused by the magnetovolume effect. It is much smaller and the noise reduction effect is great.
- Magnetic components using microcrystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbons are suitable for high-power applications where magnetic saturation is a problem because of their high saturation magnetic flux density.
- reactors for large currents such as anode reactors.
- a plurality of alloy ribbons can be laminated to form a laminated body, and these laminated bodies can be further laminated to form a laminated structure, and then applied as an iron core for a transformer wound in a step wrap or an overlap.
- the strip stripping temperature, the average grain size and volume fraction of fine crystal grains, the number density, and the distance that can be cut with scissors from the side edge without occurrence of cracks (cut crack test) ) was determined by the following method.
- the average grain size of microcrystal grains was arbitrarily selected from transmission electron microscope (TEM) photographs of each sample.
- the major axis D L and minor axis D S of n (more than 30) crystallite grains were measured and obtained by averaging according to the formula ⁇ (D L + D S ) / 2n.
- ⁇ A crack occurred at a distance r c of 0.1 to 0.2 mm from the side edge at at least one cut portion.
- ⁇ crack distance r c of less than 0.1 mm from the side edge portion in at least one of the cut has occurred.
- Example 1 A molten alloy (1300 ° C) with a composition (atomic%) of Fe bal Cu 1.4 Si 5 B 13 is cooled with a copper alloy cooling roll (width: 168 mm, peripheral speed: 27 m / s, cooling water inlet temperature: With a single roll method using a temperature of about 60 ° C and an outlet temperature of about 70 ° C, the gap between the nozzle and the cooling roll is set to 200 ⁇ m, and it is super-cooled in the atmosphere and peeled off from the cooling roll at a ribbon temperature of 250 ° C.
- a microcrystalline alloy ribbon having a thickness of about 25 mm, a thickness of about 23 ⁇ m, and a length of about 10 km was wound without breaking. The pouring position was almost in the center of the cooling roll, and the distance between the side edge of the ribbon and the side edge of the cooling roll was about 72 mm, which was sufficiently large.
- Fig. 7 is a TEM photograph (magnification: 20,000 times) showing the microstructure of the ultrafine crystal grain-depleted region 0.2 mm wide from one end of the ribbon
- Fig. 8 is a TEM photograph showing the microstructure of the ribbon. (Magnification: 20,000 times).
- the number of ultrafine crystal grains (3 nm or more) that can be visually confirmed in an arbitrary field of view in the TEM photographs of FIGS. 7 and 8 was counted.
- the ultrafine crystal grains had an average grain size of about 5 nm and a number density of 100 / ⁇ m 2 or less. Therefore, it can be said that the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region is substantially amorphous.
- the number density of the ultrafine crystal grains was 100 / ⁇ m 2 or less even in the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region on the other end side of the ribbon.
- the ultrafine crystal grains had an average grain size of about 10 nm and a number density of about 1000 / ⁇ m 2 . This number density corresponds to 10% by volume.
- the ribbon After cooling, the ribbon was re-wound with the same equipment and conditions as before, but the ribbon did not break even when it contacted the flange of the take-up reel. It is considered that the toughness of the ultrafine crystal grain-deficient regions at both ends contributed to the improvement of the fracture resistance of the ribbon.
- FIG. 9 is a TEM photograph showing the structure in a region having a width of 0.2 mm from one end of the ribbon.
- the number density of ultrafine crystal grains having a grain size of 3 nm or more in this region was about 500 / ⁇ m 2 .
- 1000 pieces / ⁇ m 2 of ultrafine crystal grains having an average grain size of 12 nm were formed in the central portion of the ribbon.
- the ribbon was re-rolled in the same manner as in Example 1, but the ribbon was broken several times by contact with the flange of the take-up reel. This is presumably because good ultrafine crystal grain deficient regions are not formed at both end portions of the ribbon.
- Examples 2 to 12 and Comparative Examples 2 to 5 A molten alloy (1300 ° C) with the composition (atomic%) of Fe bal.
- Cu 1.3 Si 4 B 14 shown in Table 1 is used as a copper alloy cooling roll (width: 168 mm or 280 mm, peripheral speed: 23 to 36 m). / s, cooling water inlet temperature: 25 to 60 ° C., outlet temperature: 30 to 70 ° C.), the gap between the nozzle and the cooling roll was set to 180 to 250 ⁇ m, and ultra-rapid cooling was performed in the atmosphere. At this time, by changing the pouring position with respect to the cooling roll, the distance S (the shorter one) between the side end of the ribbon and the side end of the cooling roll was changed as shown in FIG.
- the film was peeled from the cooling roll at a ribbon temperature of 250 ° C. to obtain a microcrystalline alloy ribbon having a width of 5 to 100 mm and a thickness of about 23 ⁇ m. In addition, the thickness of each ribbon was uniformly 23 ⁇ m by adjusting the gap.
- Each ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon was confirmed to have a structure in which ultrafine crystal grains having an average grain size of 30 nm or less were dispersed in an amorphous matrix at a ratio of 30% by volume or less.
- the number density ⁇ 0.2 of ultrafine crystal grains having a grain size of 3 nm or more in a region having a width of 0.2 mm from the side edge, and the grain size in the central part was measured.
- the number density of the ultrafine crystal grains is the number density of the ultrafine crystal grains in the central portion from the distribution of Vickers hardness in the width direction of the ribbon. It sought 1/2 a position of the [rho c (represented by the distance r 1/2 from the side end portion).
- the ribbon was re-wound onto a flanged reel, and the number of breaks ⁇ (number of times to break and reconnect and wind) per 1 km length of the ribbon was examined. If the number of breaks is 5 or less, the effect on production efficiency is small.
- a cut crack test was performed on the wound ribbon, and the distance from the side end that could be cut with scissors without occurrence of cracks was measured.
- a 120-mm long single plate sample taken from each ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon is put into a heat treatment furnace, heated to 410 ° C in about 15 minutes, and then subjected to a low-temperature long-time heat treatment that is held for 1 hour.
- a crystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon was prepared.
- it is a structure in which microcrystalline grains having an average grain diameter of 60 mm or less are dispersed at a ratio of 30% by volume or more. confirmed.
- Gap between nozzle and cooling roll Notes: (1) Number density of ultrafine crystal grains with a grain size of 3 nm or more in the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region 0.2 mm wide from one end of the ribbon. (2) Number density of ultrafine crystal grains with a grain size of 3 nm or more in the center of the ribbon.
- an ultrafine crystal grain deficient region (substantially amorphous phase) was formed at the end of the ribbon at 0.2 mm, and it was confirmed that this was formed at both ends. .
- the ribbon in which the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region having the number density ⁇ 0.2 of ultrafine crystal grains of less than 500 pieces / ⁇ m 2 is formed in the region of 0.2 mm from both ends is as follows. The work efficiency was good within 5 times without breakage even after rewinding. Moreover, it was hard to enter a crack in the cutting crack test, and high toughness was recognized.
- the width of the fine grain-deficient region was within 5% of the entire width of the ribbon.
- the value of B 80 / B 8000 was relatively good, although several breaks occurred. It has been found that the presence of an ultrafine crystal grain-deficient region having a width of 0.1 mm or more can significantly reduce cracks during rewinding.
- the structure after the heat treatment is a structure in which ultrafine crystal grains with an average grain size of 40-60 nm are dispersed at a ratio of about 50% by volume in the amorphous matrix at the 0.2 mm position. It was confirmed that the average crystal grain size at the end corresponding to the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region was larger. This is considered to be because the grain growth was promoted by the heat treatment at the end portion having a smaller number density (low density). However, the region having a larger grain size was not spread more than the ultrafine crystal grain deficient region. Coarse crystal grains affect the coercive force and should be the same as the structure in the center, and should be at least within 5% of the ultrafine crystal grain-depleted region.
- a molten alloy (1300 ° C) with the composition shown in Table 2 (1300 ° C) is a copper alloy cooling roll (width: 168 mm or 280 mm, peripheral speed: 23 to 36 m / s, cooling water inlet temperature: 25 to Using a single roll method using 60 ° C. and outlet temperature: 30 to 70 ° C., the gap between the nozzle and the cooling roll was set to 180 to 250 ⁇ m, and ultra-rapid cooling was performed in the atmosphere. At this time, by changing the pouring position with respect to the cooling roll, the distance S (the shorter one) between the side end of the ribbon and the side end of the cooling roll was changed as shown in FIG.
- Table 2 shows the distance S between the side end portion and the side end portion of the cooling roll for each ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon.
- the film was peeled off from the cooling roll at a ribbon temperature of 250 ° C. to obtain a microcrystalline alloy ribbon having a width of 25 to 100 mm and a thickness of about 23 ⁇ m.
- Each ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon was confirmed to have a structure in which ultrafine crystal grains having an average grain size of 30 nm or less were dispersed in an amorphous matrix at a ratio of 30% by volume or less.
- an ultrafine crystal grain-deficient region where the number density of ultrafine crystal grains is less than 500 pieces / ⁇ m 2 is formed in a region 0.2 mm wide from both ends of each ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon. confirmed.
- the ribbon was re-wound onto a flanged reel, and the number of breaks ⁇ (number of times to break and reconnect) per 1 km length of the ribbon was examined. If the number of breaks is 5 or less, the effect on production efficiency is small. Further, it disconnects cracking test for each super microcrystalline alloy ribbon was measured distance r c from the side end Kirikomeru without cracks with scissors.
- a 120-mm long single plate sample taken from each ultrafine crystal alloy ribbon is put into a heat treatment furnace, heated to 410 ° C in about 15 minutes, and then subjected to a low-temperature long-time heat treatment that is held for 1 hour.
- a crystalline soft magnetic alloy ribbon was prepared.
- it is a structure in which microcrystalline grains having an average grain diameter of 60 mm or less are dispersed at a ratio of 30% by volume or more. confirmed.
- the number of breaks at the time of rewinding was within an allowable range in any of the examples, and B 80 / B 8000 was also good. This is considered to be a result of obtaining a preferable heat transfer model at the time of manufacturing the ribbon and forming an appropriate ultrafine crystal grain deficient region at both ends of the ribbon.
- the present invention can be applied to any composition that can be ultrafinely crystallized by utilizing non-uniform formation in the amorphous matrix, not limited to the composition of the above-described embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 超微細結晶粒欠乏領域
図1は単ロール法による溶湯の冷却過程(相状態の変化)を示し、図2は冷却ロール上の溶湯が液相から固相に変化する様子を示す。液体急冷法、好ましくは単ロール法では、ノズル5から冷却ロール2上に噴出された溶湯6はパドル(溶湯溜まり)7として液相状態を10-8~10-6秒程度保った後、冷却ロール2により急激に冷却され、過冷却状態となる(一次冷却過程)。極めて短時間で冷却されるため、原子が規則的に配列した結晶状態にならず、ランダムな原子配列であるアモルファス状態の薄帯8(固相)になる。固相では冷却速度が低下し、二次冷却過程に入る。二次冷却過程ではFe-Bに非固溶なCu原子は凝集してCuクラスターを形成し、それを核とする超微細結晶粒が生成される。その後薄帯8を冷却ロール2から剥離し、三次冷却過程を経て超微結晶合金薄帯とする。
超微結晶合金薄帯は、平均粒径が30 nm以下の超微細結晶粒が非晶質母相中に0体積%を超え、30体積%以下の割合で分散した組織を有する。超微細結晶粒の平均粒径が30 nm超であると、熱処理後の微結晶粒が粗大化し、軟磁気特性が劣化する。超微細結晶粒の平均粒径の下限は測定限界から0.5 nm程度であるが、1 nm以上が好ましく、2 nm以上がより好ましい。優れた軟磁気特性を得るためには、超微細結晶粒の平均粒径は5~25 nmが好ましく、5~20 nmがより好ましい。ただ、Ni含有組成では、超微細結晶粒の平均粒径は5~15 nm程度が好ましい。超微結晶合金薄帯における超微細結晶粒の体積分率は0体積%を超えるものであるが、30体積%を超えると超微細結晶粒の平均粒径も30 nm超となる傾向があり、薄帯は十分な靭性を有さず、後工程でのハンドリングが難しくなる。一方、超微細結晶粒がないと(完全に非晶質であると)、熱処理により粗大結晶粒ができ易い。超微結晶合金薄帯における超微細結晶粒の体積分率は5~30%が好ましく、10~25%がより好ましい。
本発明で用いる磁性合金は、一般式:Fe100-x-y-zAxByXz(ただし、AはCu及び/又はAuであり、XはSi,S,C,P,Al,Ge,Ga及びBeから選ばれた少なくとも一種の元素であり、x、y及びzはそれぞれ原子%で0<x≦5、8≦y≦22、0≦z≦10、及びx+y+z≦25の条件を満たす数である。)により表される組成を有するのが好ましい。勿論、磁性合金は不可避的不純物を含んでも良い。1.7 T以上の飽和磁束密度Bsを有するためには、bcc-Feの微細結晶(ナノ結晶)を有する組織となる必要があり、そのためにはFe含有量が高いことが必要である。具体的には、Fe含有量は75原子%以上であり、好ましくは77原子%以上であり、より好ましくは78原子%以上である。
(1) 合金溶湯
超微結晶合金薄帯の製造に用いる合金溶湯は、上記一般式Fe100-x-y-zAxByXz(ただし、AはCu及び/又はAuであり、XはSi,S,C,P,Al,Ge,Ga及びBeから選ばれた少なくとも一種の元素であり、x、y及びzはそれぞれ原子%で0<x≦5、8≦y≦22、0≦z≦10、及びx+y+z≦25の条件を満たす数である。)により表される組成を有するのが好ましい。上記組成においてA元素としてCuを使用した場合を例にとって、超微結晶合金薄帯を単ロール法により製造する方法を以下詳細に説明するが、本発明は勿論それに限定されるものではない。
急冷は単ロール法の場合、合金溶湯の温度は合金の融点より50~300℃高いのが好ましく、例えば超微細結晶粒が析出した厚さ数十μmの薄帯を製造する場合、約1300~1400℃の溶湯をノズルから冷却ロール上に噴出させるのが好ましい。単ロール法における雰囲気は、合金が活性な金属を含まない場合は大気又は不活性ガス(Ar、窒素等)であり、活性な金属を含む場合は不活性ガス(Ar、He、窒素等)又は真空である。表面に酸化皮膜を形成するためには、溶湯の急冷を酸素含有雰囲気(例えば大気)中で行うのが好ましい。
超微結晶合金薄帯の中央部に十分な数密度の超微細結晶粒を生成するとともに、両側端部に数密度の低い超微細結晶粒欠乏領域15を形成するには、(a) 超微細結晶粒の体積分率に影響を与える冷却条件(冷却ロールの材質、冷却水路の構造、冷却水量等)を最適化するとともに、(b) 冷却ロールの幅と薄帯の幅との関係、及び冷却ロール上の薄帯の位置を最適化する必要がある。
単ロール法を用いた薄帯の鋳造では、板厚、断面形状、表面起伏などの制御をパドル制御で行うことができる。パドルの制御には、ノズルと冷却ロール間の距離(ギャップ)を制御したり、出湯圧力、溶湯の自重を調節する方法が有効である。ただし圧力に関する出湯圧力の制御と溶湯の自重は、溶湯の残量、溶湯温度などのパラメータにより変化するため、制御が難しい。一方、ギャップ制御は冷却ロールとノズル間距離をモニタリングし、常にフィードバックをかけることで比較的簡単に制御できる。従って、ギャップ制御により超微結晶合金薄帯の板厚、断面形状、表面起伏等を調整するのが好ましい。
超微細結晶粒の生成に密接に関連する薄帯1の冷却速度を制御するために、冷却ロール2の周速を制御するのが好ましい。冷却ロール2の周速が速くなると超微細結晶粒が減少し、遅くなると増加する。薄帯1の中央部1aにおける超微細結晶粒の生成を促進するためには、冷却ロールの周速は15~50 m/sが好ましく、20~40 m/sがより好ましく、25~35 m/sが最も好ましい。また、冷却ロール2の周速は超微細結晶粒欠乏領域15の形成にも影響することが分った。冷却ロール2の周速を高めると、薄帯1の冷却速度が上がるので、超微細結晶粒欠乏領域15の形成が促進される。単ロール法により厚さ10~40μmで幅5~250 mmの超微結晶合金薄帯1を形成する場合、上記要件を満たす幅を有する冷却ロール2の周速は15~50 m/秒が好ましく、20~40 m/秒がより好ましい。
急冷により得られた超微結晶合金薄帯と冷却ロールとの間にノズルから不活性ガス(窒素等)を吹き付けることにより、薄帯を冷却ロールから剥離する。薄帯の剥離温度(冷却時間に相関する)も超微細結晶粒の体積分率に影響する。薄帯の剥離温度は不活性ガスを吹き付けるノズルの位置(剥離位置)を変えることにより調整でき、一般に170~350℃であり、好ましくは200~340℃であり、より好ましくは250~330℃である。剥離温度が170℃未満であると、急冷し過ぎて合金組織がほぼ非晶質となる。一方、剥離温度が350℃超であると、Cuによる結晶化が進み過ぎ、脆くなりすぎる。適正な冷却速度であると、薄帯の表面域は急冷によりCu量が減って超微細結晶粒が生成されないが、内部では冷却速度が比較的遅いために超微細結晶粒が多く析出する。
超微結晶合金薄帯を熱処理することにより、平均粒径60 nm以下の体心立方(bcc)構造の微結晶粒が30%以上、好ましくは50%以上の体積分率で非晶質相中に分散した組織を有する微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯が得られる。勿論、微結晶粒の平均粒径は熱処理前の超微細結晶粒の平均粒径より大きい。微結晶粒の平均粒径は15~40 nmが好ましい。
(a) 高温短時間熱処理
本発明の超微結晶合金薄帯に施す熱処理の態様には、薄帯を100℃/分以上の昇温速度で最高温度まで加熱し、最高温度に1時間以下保持する高温高速熱処理がある。最高温度までの平均昇温速度は100℃/分以上が好ましい。300℃以上の高温域での昇温速度は磁気特性に大きな影響を与えるため、300℃以上での平均昇温速度は100℃/分以上が好ましい。熱処理の最高温度は(TX2-50)℃以上(TX2は化合物の析出温度である。)とするのが好ましく、具体的には430℃以上が好ましい。430℃未満であると、微結晶粒の析出及び成長が不十分である。最高温度の上限は500℃(TX2)以下であるのが好ましい。最高温度の保持時間が1時間超でも微結晶化はあまり変わらず、生産性が低い。保持時間は好ましくは30分以下であり、より好ましくは20分以下であり、最も好ましくは15分以下である。このような高温熱処理でも、短時間であれば結晶粒成長を抑制するとともに化合物の生成を抑えることができ、保磁力が低下し、低磁場での磁束密度が向上し、ヒステリシス損失が減少する。
他の熱処理の態様として、薄帯を約350℃以上~430℃未満の最高温度に1時間以上保持する低温低速熱処理がある。量産性の観点から、保持時間は24時間以下が好ましく、4時間以下がより好ましい。保磁力の増加を抑制するため、平均昇温速度は0.1~200℃/分が好ましく、0.1~100℃/分がより好ましい。この熱処理により角形性の高い微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯が得られる。
熱処理雰囲気は空気でもよいが、Si,Fe,B及びCuを表面側に拡散させることにより所望の層構成を有する酸化皮膜を形成するために、熱処理雰囲気の酸素濃度は6~18%が好ましく、8~15%がより好ましく、9~13%が最も好ましい。熱処理雰囲気は窒素、Ar、ヘリウム等の不活性ガスと酸素との混合ガスが好ましい。熱処理雰囲気の露点は-30℃以下が好ましく、-60℃以下がより好ましい。
磁場中熱処理により微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯に良好な誘導磁気異方性を付与するために、熱処理温度が200℃以上である間(20分以上が好ましい)、昇温中、最高温度の保持中及び冷却中のいずれでも、軟磁性合金を飽和させるのに十分な強さの磁場を印加するのが好ましい。磁場強度は薄帯の形状に応じて異なるが、薄帯の幅方向(環状磁心の場合、高さ方向)及び長手方向(環状磁心の場合、円周方向)のいずれに印加する場合でも8 kA/m以上が好ましい。磁場は直流磁場、交流磁場、パルス磁場のいずれでも良い。磁場中熱処理により高角形比又は低角形比の直流ヒステリシスループを有する微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯が得られる。磁場を印加しない熱処理の場合、微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯は中程度の角形比の直流ヒステリシスループを有する。
微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯に、必要に応じてSiO2、MgO、Al2O3等の酸化物被膜を形成しても良い。表面処理を熱処理工程中に行うと酸化物の結合強度が上がる。必要に応じてこの薄帯からなる磁心に樹脂を含浸させても良い。
熱処理後の非晶質母相は、平均粒径60 nm以下の体心立方(bcc)構造の微結晶粒が30%以上の体積分率で非晶質相中に分散した組織を有する。微結晶粒の平均粒径が60 nmを超えると軟磁気特性が低下する。微結晶粒の体積分率が30%未満では、非晶質の割合が多すぎ、飽和磁束密度が低い。熱処理後の微結晶粒の平均粒径は40 nm以下が好ましく、30 nm以下がより好ましい。微結晶粒の平均粒径の下限は一般に12 nmであり、好ましくは15 nmであり、より好ましくは18 nmである。また熱処理後の微結晶粒の体積分率は50%以上が好ましく、60%以上がより好ましい。60 nm以下の平均粒径及び30%以上の体積分率で、Fe基非晶質合金より磁歪が低く軟磁性に優れた合金薄帯が得られる。同組成のFe基非晶質合金薄帯は磁気体積効果により比較的大きな磁歪を有するが、bcc-Feを主体とする微結晶粒が分散した微結晶軟磁性合金は磁気体積効果により生じる磁歪がはるかに小さく、ノイズ低減効果が大きい。
微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯を用いた磁性部品は、飽和磁束密度が高いので、磁気飽和が問題となるハイパワーの用途に好適であり、例えばアノードリアクトル等の大電流用リアクトル、アクティブフィルタ用チョークコイル、平滑用チョークコイル、レーザ電源や加速器等に用いられるパルスパワー磁性部品、トランス、通信用パルストランス、モータ又は発電機の磁心、ヨーク材、電流センサ、磁気センサ、アンテナ磁心、電磁波吸収シート等が挙げられる。また、合金薄帯を複数積層して積層体となし、これらの積層体をさらに積層して一旦積層構造としたのち、ステップラップやオーバラップ状に巻いた変圧器用の鉄心としても適用できる。
ノズルから吹き付ける窒素ガスにより冷却ロールから剥離するときの超微結晶合金薄帯の温度を放射温度計(アピステ社製、型式:FSV-7000E)により測定し、剥離温度とした。
微結晶粒(超微細結晶粒も同じ)の平均粒径は、各試料の透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)写真等から任意に選択したn個(30個以上)の微結晶粒の長径DL及び短径DSを測定し、Σ(DL+DS)/2nの式に従って平均することにより求めた。また各試料のTEM写真等に長さLtの任意の直線を引き、各直線が微結晶粒と交差する部分の長さの合計Lcを求め、各直線に沿った結晶粒の割合LL=Lc/Ltを計算した。この操作を5回繰り返し、LLを平均することにより微結晶粒の体積分率を求めた。ここで、体積分率VL=Vc/Vt(Vcは微結晶粒の体積の総和であり、Vtは試料の体積である。)は、VL≒Lc3/Lt3=LL 3と近似的に扱った。
各薄帯表面の側端部から0.2 mmの幅の超微細結晶粒欠乏領域及び中央部のTEM写真(倍率:20,000倍)において、目視で確認できる3 nm以上の粒径の超微細結晶粒の数をカウントし、超微細結晶粒欠乏領域における単位面積(μm2)当たりの超微細結晶粒の数密度ρ0.2、及び中央部における単位面積(μm2)当たりの超微細結晶粒の数密度ρcを算出した。
アモルファス相をハサミで切断しても脆性破壊的な割れが発生しないが、超微細結晶粒を含有する相をハサミで切断すると脆性破壊的な割れが発生するので、超微結晶合金薄帯をハサミで切断したときに発生する割れの端部からの距離から、超微細結晶粒欠乏領域の幅を推定できる。そこで、超微結晶合金薄帯の側端部の10箇所にハサミで切り込みを入れて、端部からの割れ発生距離を測定し、それらの平均値rcから、下記基準により超微細結晶粒欠乏領域の幅を評価した。
◎:全ての切断部で側端部から0.2 mmの距離rcまで割れが発生しなかった。
○:少なくとも一つの切断部で側端部から0.1~0.2 mmの距離rcで割れが発生した。
×:少なくとも一つの切断部で側端部から0.1 mm未満の距離rcで割れが発生した。
120 mm単板試料を直流磁化自動記録装置(メトロン技研株式会社製)により、80 A/mにおける磁束密度 B80 と8000 A/m における磁束密度 B8000(ほぼ飽和磁束密度Bsと同じ)測定し、その比B80/B8000を求めた。
FebalCu1.4Si5B13の組成(原子%)を有する合金溶湯(1300℃)を、銅合金製の冷却ロール(幅:168 mm、周速:27 m/s、冷却水の入口温度:約60℃、出口温度:約70℃)を用いる単ロール法により、ノズルと冷却ロール間のギャップを200μmとして、大気中で超急冷し、250℃の薄帯温度で冷却ロールから剥離し、幅25 mm、厚さ約23μm及び長さ約10 kmの超微結晶合金薄帯を破断させることなく巻取った。出湯位置は冷却ロールのほぼ中央で、薄帯の側端部と冷却ロールの側端部との距離は約72 mmと十分に大きかった。
薄帯の側端部と冷却ロールの側端部との距離Sが約30 mmとなるように出湯位置を片寄らせた以外、実施例1と同じ合金溶湯から同じ製造条件で薄帯を作製した。出湯中の巻取りでは破断は起こらなかった。図9は薄帯の一側端部から0.2 mmの幅の領域における組織を示すTEM写真である。図9から明らかなように、この領域における粒径3 nm以上の超微細結晶粒の数密度は約500個/μm2であった。また5 nm程度の微細結晶粒子が凝集している箇所が多くみられた。従って、上記領域は超微細結晶粒欠乏領域とは言えないものであった。なお、薄帯の中央部には平均粒径12 nmの超微細結晶粒が1000個/μm2ほど形成されていた。
表1に示すFebal.Cu1.3Si4B14の組成(原子%)の合金溶湯(1300℃)を、銅合金製の冷却ロール(幅:168 mm又は280 mm、周速:23~36 m/s、冷却水の入口温度:25~60℃、出口温度:30~70℃)を用いる単ロール法により、ノズルと冷却ロール間のギャップを180~250μmとして、大気中で超急冷した。このとき、冷却ロールに対する出湯位置を変えることにより、図5に示すように薄帯の側端部と冷却ロールの側端部との距離S(短い方)を変化させた。250℃の薄帯温度で冷却ロールから剥離し、幅5~100 mm及び厚さ約23μmの超微結晶合金薄帯を得た。なお、ギャップ調整により各薄帯の厚さを一律23μmとした。各超微細結晶合金薄帯について、平均粒径30 nm以下の超微細結晶粒が非晶質母相中に30体積%以下の割合で分散した組織を有することを確認した。
(2) 薄帯の中央部における粒径3 nm以上の超微細結晶粒の数密度。
表2に示す組成(原子%)の合金溶湯(1300℃)を銅合金製の冷却ロール(幅:168 mm又は280 mm、周速:23~36 m/s、冷却水の入口温度:25~60℃、出口温度:30~70℃)を用いる単ロール法により、ノズルと冷却ロール間のギャップを180~250μmとして、大気中で超急冷した。このとき、冷却ロールに対する出湯位置を変えることにより、図5に示すように薄帯の側端部と冷却ロールの側端部との距離S(短い方)を変化させた。各超微細結晶合金薄帯について、側端部と冷却ロールの側端部との距離Sを表2に示す。250℃の薄帯温度で冷却ロールから剥離し、幅25~100 mm及び厚さ約23μmの超微結晶合金薄帯を得た。各超微細結晶合金薄帯について、平均粒径30 nm以下の超微細結晶粒が非晶質母相中に30体積%以下の割合で分散した組織を有することを確認した。また、各超微細結晶合金薄帯の両側端部から0.2 mmの幅の領域に、超微細結晶粒の数密度が500個/μm2未満の超微細結晶粒欠乏領域が形成されていることを確認した。
Claims (5)
- 平均粒径30 nm以下の超微細結晶粒が非晶質母相中に0体積%を超え、30体積%未満の割合で分散した組織を有する超微結晶合金薄帯であって、各側端部から0.2 mmの幅の領域に超微細結晶粒の数密度が中央部より少ない超微細結晶粒欠乏領域が形成されており、前記超微細結晶粒欠乏領域における粒径3 nm以上の超微細結晶粒の数密度が500個/μm2未満であることを特徴とする超微結晶合金薄帯。
- 請求項1に記載の超微結晶合金薄帯において、両超微細結晶粒欠乏領域の合計幅が前記超微結晶合金薄帯の全幅の5%以下であることを特徴とする超微結晶合金薄帯。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の超微結晶合金薄帯において、一般式:Fe100-x-y-zAxByXz(ただし、AはCu及び/又はAuであり、XはSi,S,C,P,Al,Ge,Ga及びBeから選ばれた少なくとも一種の元素であり、x、y及びzはそれぞれ原子%で0<x≦5、8≦y≦22、0≦z≦10、及びx+y+z≦25の条件を満たす数である。)により表される組成の磁性合金からなることを特徴とする超微結晶合金薄帯。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の超微結晶合金薄帯を熱処理してなる微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯であって、非晶質母相中に平均粒径60 nm以下の微細結晶粒が30体積%以上の割合で分散した組織を有し、両側端部に平均粒径より大きい粒径の微細結晶粒を有する粒成長領域が形成されており、両粒成長領域の合計幅が前記微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯の全幅の5%以下であることを特徴とする微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯。
- 請求項4に記載の微結晶軟磁性合金薄帯からなることを特徴とする磁性部品。
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- 2013-09-10 JP JP2014534440A patent/JP6237630B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-09-10 CN CN201380047031.6A patent/CN104619875A/zh active Pending
- 2013-09-10 KR KR1020157008940A patent/KR102069927B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-09-10 US US14/426,866 patent/US10115509B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN105097163A (zh) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-25 | Lg伊诺特有限公司 | 软磁合金、含其的无线电力传送装置和无线电力接收装置 |
JP2015228713A (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-17 | 日立金属株式会社 | 回転電機用コアの製造方法 |
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US11264156B2 (en) | 2015-01-07 | 2022-03-01 | Metglas, Inc. | Magnetic core based on a nanocrystalline magnetic alloy |
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WO2017150440A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-08 | 日立金属株式会社 | ナノ結晶合金リボンの製造方法 |
JPWO2017150440A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2018-12-27 | 日立金属株式会社 | ナノ結晶合金リボンの製造方法 |
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WO2017150441A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-08 | 日立金属株式会社 | 積層ブロックコア、積層ブロック、及び積層ブロックの製造方法 |
US11322281B2 (en) | 2016-02-29 | 2022-05-03 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Multilayer block core, multilayer block, and method for producing multilayer block |
CN112008053A (zh) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-01 | 燕山大学 | 一种合金的制备装置及电流施加方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2894236A4 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
US20150243421A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
JPWO2014038705A1 (ja) | 2016-08-12 |
EP2894236A1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
KR102069927B1 (ko) | 2020-01-23 |
KR20150054912A (ko) | 2015-05-20 |
CN104619875A (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
US10115509B2 (en) | 2018-10-30 |
JP6237630B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 |
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