WO2014028632A1 - Lubricant compositions - Google Patents

Lubricant compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014028632A1
WO2014028632A1 PCT/US2013/054966 US2013054966W WO2014028632A1 WO 2014028632 A1 WO2014028632 A1 WO 2014028632A1 US 2013054966 W US2013054966 W US 2013054966W WO 2014028632 A1 WO2014028632 A1 WO 2014028632A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lubricant
lubricant composition
oil
zero
composition according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/054966
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark Fisher
Manfred Jungk
Andreas Stammer
Herbert STOEGBAUER
Original Assignee
Dow Corning Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Corning Corporation filed Critical Dow Corning Corporation
Priority to CN201380043406.1A priority Critical patent/CN104583379A/zh
Priority to BR112015003038A priority patent/BR112015003038A2/pt
Priority to US14/421,473 priority patent/US20150232782A1/en
Priority to EP13751071.5A priority patent/EP2885383A1/en
Priority to JP2015527577A priority patent/JP2015525827A/ja
Priority to KR20157006053A priority patent/KR20150042246A/ko
Publication of WO2014028632A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014028632A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/042—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/006—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as thickening agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026—Butene
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    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
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    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C10M2229/0415—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents used as base material
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    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/042—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/042—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents
    • C10M2229/0425—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents used as base material
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    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/0505—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon used as base material
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/052—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/052—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen
    • C10M2229/0525—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen used as base material
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/019—Shear stability
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    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/68—Shear stability
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
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    • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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    • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
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    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
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    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • lubricant compositions comprising a non silicone lubricant base stock and a silicone oil.
  • Lubricant oils and compositions are used to reduce friction and wear between moving elements or surfaces.
  • the main component of lubricant oils and compositions is commonly referred to as a base stock.
  • Base stocks are classified by the American Petroleum Institute in five Groups, namely Groups I, II, III, IV and V.
  • Lubricant base stocks include natural lubricating oils, synthetic lubricating oils, and mixtures thereof.
  • Groups I to III include base stocks derived from petroleum based oils, while Groups IV and V include synthetic base stocks including silicones.
  • Viscosity Index is an empirical, unit less number which indicates the rate of change in the viscosity of an oil in a given temperature range, usually between 40°C and 100°C.
  • the Viscosity Index is defined as the gradient of kinematic viscosities of a material, between 40°C and 100°C. When the Viscosity Index is low (below 100) the fluid exhibits a relatively large change of viscosity with temperature. When the Viscosity Index is high (above 150), the fluid exhibits relatively less change of viscosity with temperature. In a variety of applications, a high or very high Viscosity Index is preferred.
  • the chemical composition of the base stocks from Group I, Group II and Group III can vary substantially, for example regarding the proportions of aromatics, paraffinics, and naphthenics.
  • the degree of refining and the source materials used to produce the lubricant base stocks generally determine this composition.
  • Lubricant base stock oils from Group I, Group II and Group III include paraffinic mineral oils and naphthenic mineral oils.
  • Mineral oils of viscosities ranging of from 4.0 to 8.0 mPa.s, at 100°C, (ASTM D445-12) have a Viscosity Index ranging of from 80 to 120, or 140 for high performance grades (ASTM D2270-10el).
  • Group I base stock oils generally have a Viscosity Index of between about 80 to 120 and contain greater than about 0.03% by weight of sulfur and/or less than about 90% by weight of saturated organic components (hereafter referred to as "saturates”.
  • Group II base stock oils generally have a Viscosity Index of between about 80 to 120, and contain less than or equal to about 0.03% by weight of sulfur and greater than or equal to about 90% by weight of saturates.
  • Group III oils generally have a Viscosity Index greater than about 120 and contain sulphur in an amount less than or equal to about 0.03% weight and greater than about 90% weight of saturates.
  • Group IV base stocks are composed of polyalphaolefins (PAO) which are hydrogenated oligomers obtained from the oligomerization of alphaolefin monomers.
  • PEO polyalphaolefins
  • alphaolefin monomers may have from about 4 to about 30 or from about 4 to about 20 or from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, such as hexene, octene or decene.
  • the oligomers may be dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, hexamers of the alphaolefin monomer.
  • Group V base stocks include base stocks not included in Groups I-IV such as polyintemal olefins (PIO); polyalkylene glycols (PAG); alkylated aromatics such as alkylated benzenes, e.g. dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, di-nonylbenzene, and di- (2-ethylhexyl)benzene; polyphenyls e.g. biphenyls, terphenyl and alkylated polyphenyls; synthetic esters such as esters of dicarboxylic acids e.g.
  • esters of carboxylic acids e.g. neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol; phosphate esters, e.g. tricresyl phosphate, trioctylphosphate, and diethyl ester of decylphosphonic acid; silicones; and further polyisobutylene (PIB) and halogenated hydrocarbons.
  • PIB polyisobutylene
  • lubricant base stocks include those of vegetal and animal origin, such as rapeseed oil, castor oil and lard oil.
  • Silicones may be used in lubricant compositions in both critical (metal-to-metal) applications and non critical (plastic-to-plastic) applications mainly due to their good low and high temperature behavior. They show chemical resistance, lubricity, thermal stability and oxidative stability.
  • silicones with the exception of halogenated silicones, are generally both inferior to organic base oil as described above and are typically more costly than organic base stocks.
  • GB 1224885 claims a composition comprising a mineral oil and 0.1 to 15 per cent by weight thereof of an oil-miscible diorganopolysiloxane as a viscosity index improver in which a major proportion of the organo groups are methyl groups and the remainder of the organo groups are substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkaryl or aralkyl groups having at least 6 and not more than 30 carbon atoms in amount sufficient to render it miscible with mineral oil.
  • EP0177825 discloses lubricating compositions based on organopolysiloxane miscible with mineral oil, which have a pour point (measured according to DIN 51583) below -15°C.
  • US3634246 discloses lubricant compositions containing a major amount of triaryl phosphate and a minor amount of a silicone polymer containing at least 40 mole percent phenylsiloxane units. Exemplary is a blend of 60 volume percent tricresylphosphate and 40 volume percent of a 50-50 copolymer of dimethylsiloxane units and phenylmethylsiloxane units.
  • US4190546 discloses a traction fluid comprising from 50 to 90% wt of a naphthenic hydrocarbon or mixture of naphthenic hydrocarbons, from 8 to 40% wt of a silicone fluid and from 2 to 10% wt of a co-solvent which ensures complete miscibility between the naphthenic hydrocarbon and silicone fluid, the percentages being by weight of the three components.
  • the silicone fluid improves the low temperature properties of the fluid without substantial damage to the good traction properties of the naphthenic hydrocarbons.
  • Preferred co-solvents are aromatic hydrocarbons or aromatic ethers.
  • EP0283922 discloses a homogeneous blend of a dimethylsiloxane/ alkylmethylsiloxane copolymer with a hydrogenated polyalphaolefin based on oligomers of decene-1.
  • the blend serves as a base fluid which has a viscosity- temperature profile and flash point suitable for use in a -54°C to 135°C fire-resistant hydraulic fluid having particular utility in military aircraft hydraulic systems.
  • US4449415 discloses traction fluids containing certain siloxane components and, optionally, certain cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon components. These traction fluids possess high traction coefficients and good low temperature viscosity properties which make these fluids ideally suited for use in traction drive systems subjected to wide operating temperature conditions.
  • US7553429 discloses simple dimethylsilicone fluids of the proper viscosity/molecular weight distribution to modify the low temperature properties of cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon fluids. Addition of the dimethylsilicone fluid to cycloaliphatic fluids improves their low temperature performance without degrading the requisite elastohydrodynamic shear strength properties. Low viscosity dimethylsilicone lubricating fluids combined with cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon fluids are suitable for use in infinitely variable transmissions and other traction-drive transmission providing good low temperature flow properties and high elastohydrodynamic shear strength.
  • RU2194741 discloses lubricating oil intended for stable functioning of parts and mechanisms comprising steel-steel friction couples based on liquid polyethylsiloxanes (65-85%) with molecular weight 500-100 and viscosity 40-50 mm 2 /s and containing 14.25-33.25% poly-alpha-olefins with average degree of oligomerization 7-8 and molecular weight 900-1200 and 0.75-1.75% dioctyl sebacate, for lowered freezing temperature and improved lubrication property.
  • VI Improvers Viscosity Index Improvers
  • VI Improvers are currently typically high molecular weight organic polymers but their use does not always increase the Viscosity Index to the desired values for the purpose concerned and due to their high molecular weight said VI Improvers often lack shear stability.
  • VI improvers are selected because they generally swell with increasing temperature which tends to counteract the decreasing viscosity of a base fluid as said temperature increases.
  • VI Improvers are subject to shearing forces when present in lubricating situations and their stability as a result of these shearing forces (Shear Stability) may reduce their effectiveness. Excessive permanent shear effectively reduces lubricating temperature range of a lubricant and as such it is advantageous for lubricants to contain shear stable VI improvers in order to maintain or maximize the functional temperature range in which the fluid will lubricate.
  • shear stability of lubricant compositions are usually measured with the KRL shear stability test according to DIN 51350-6 where a reduction in viscosity after the test of less than 10% is considered shear stable and values above 10% are considered shear unstable.
  • (B) 0.5 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of (A) + (B) of a silicone oil, characterized in that the Viscosity Index of the lubricant composition, as measured in accordance with ASTM D 2270- lOel, is greater than that of the non silicone lubricant base oil (A) by at least 10% and in that the lubricant composition is shear stable when measured according to DIN 51350-6 (Method (A).
  • the Viscosity Index of the lubricant composition as measured in accordance with ASTM D 2270- lOel, is greater than that of the non silicone lubricant base oil (A) by at least 10% and in that the Load Carrying Capacity (LCC) according to ASTM D 5706-05 is greater than those of the non silicone lubricant base oil (A) by at least 40%.
  • LCC Load Carr
  • lubricant composition as hydraulic fluid, transmission fluid, gear fluid and/or compressor fluid.
  • the non silicone base stock oil (Component (A)) is an oil that is mainly based on hydrocarbons and potentially nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-containing hydrocarbon derivatives, from any of API Groups I to V discussed above and mixtures thereof, excluding silicone lubricant oils.
  • Component (A) may for example be:
  • mineral oil based lubricant base stock oils having a wide variety of aromatics, paraffinics, and naphthenics, said mineral oils having viscosities ranging of from 4.0 to 8.0 mPa.s, at 100°C, (ASTM D445-12) have a Viscosity Index ranging of from 80 to 120, or 140 for high performance grades (ASTM D2270- lOel);
  • ii poly alphaolef ins which are hydrogenated oligomers obtained from the oligomerization of alphaolefin monomers.
  • alphaolefin monomers may have from about 4 to about 30 or from about 4 to about 20 or from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, such as hexene, octene or decene.
  • the oligomers may be dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers or hexamers of the alphaolefin monomer.
  • the PAO When the PAO is based on alphaolefin monomers of 6 to 16 carbon atoms, its viscosity may range from 1.7 to 100 mPa.s, at 100°C (ASTM D445- 12), and its viscosity index (VI) may range of from 120 to 150 (ASTM D2270- lOel). Typically, the PAO may have a viscosity of from about 2 to about 15, or from about 3 to about 12, or from about 4 to about 8 mPa.s, at 100° C (ASTM D445-12).
  • PAOs examples include poly- alpha-olef ins 4 mPa.s, at 100°C, poly-alpha-olefins 6 mPa.s, at 100° C, and mixtures thereof; iii polyinternal olefins (PIO), hydrogenated (saturated) olefin oligomers usually manufactured from linear or cyclic internal olefins, obtained from cracked paraffinic base stock oils.
  • the internal olefin may have from about 10 to 30 or from 10 to 20 or from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, such as the mixtures C13-14, C15-17 or C14-19. After oligomerization, dimers and trimers may be obtained.
  • the PIO may have a viscosity of from about 2 to about 15, or from about 3 to about 12, or from about 4 to about 8 mPa.s, at 100° C (ASTM D445- 12); Polyinternal olefins have a Viscosity Index 10 to 20 units lower than polyalphaolefins of equivalent viscosity (test method ASTM D2270-10el); and iv polyalkylene glycols, (PAG), include homopolymers, block and random copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide.
  • polyalkylene glycols examples include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polymers of butylene oxide , copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (diols or monobutyl ethers), polymers of propylene oxide (dimethyl ethers).
  • Component (A) may additionally or alternatively consist of mixtures of the above.
  • Component (A) consists of mineral oil based lubricant base stock oils (i), polyalphaolefins (PAO) (ii) and polyinternal olefins (PIO) (iii) or mixtures thereof.
  • Component (A) has a viscosity in the range of from 1 to 10000 mPa.s at 40°C, alternatively 2 to 1000 mPa.s at 40°C. ASTM D445-12).
  • Component (A) may be formulated into a grease after addition of a thickener to one of the non- silicone base stock oils described in API Groups I to V discussed above and mixtures thereof.
  • Component (A) is present in the lubricant composition of from 50wt to 99.5 wt , alternatively 60wt to 99wt , alternatively 60wt to 95wt , alternatively 80wt to 95wt , alternatively 90wt to 95wt based on the total weight of (A) + (B), which is 100wt%.
  • the silicone oil (Component (B)) is to be understood as mainly based on silicon-oxygen atom bonds forming the backbone of the polymer.
  • Silicone oils include, but are not limited to, silicone fluids, liquid silicone resins, silicone waxes.
  • silicone and siloxane may be used interchangeably to designate silicone oils such as trialkylsilyl terminated polydialkylsiloxane, trialkylsilyl terminated polyalkylalkylsiloxane and trialkylsilyl terminated polyalkylarylsiloxanes.
  • Siloxanes generally conform to a polymeric backbone consisting of units of the formula R m Si0 4 _ m/2 in which m is zero, 1, 2 or 3 and where m has an average value of from 1.98 to 2.5 per molecule and has a degree of polymerisation > 2.
  • R may be the same or different and denotes, hydrogen or an organic group.
  • R may be selected from hydrocarbon groups having from 1 to 45 carbon atoms, such as alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, octyl, nonyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl); cycloalkyl groups (cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl); alkenyl groups (vinyl, hexenyl); aryl groups (phenyl, diphenyl, naphthyl); alkaryl groups (tolyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl); aralkyl groups (benzyl, phenylethyl).
  • alkyl groups methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, octyl, nonyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl
  • cycloalkyl groups cyclohexyl,
  • R when R is an organic group R may be those hydrocarbon groups wherein one or more hydrogen atoms has been replaced with another substituent, also referred to as organyl groups.
  • substituents include, but are not limited to, halogen atom containing groups such as haloalkyl groups (chloromethyl, perfluorobutyl, trifluoroethyl, and nonafluorohexyl) and haloaryl groups (monochlorophenyl, dibromophenyl, tetrachlorophenyl, monofluorophenyl); oxygen atoms; oxygen atom containing groups such as carboxyl, carbinol, ester, ether, acrylic groups and polyoxyalkylene groups (polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, polyoxybutylene); nitrogen atoms; nitrogen atom containing groups such as nitrile, amino, amido, cyano, cyanoalkyl and urethane groups; sulphur atom
  • Component B may be a cyclic, linear or branched silicone polymer.
  • Cyclic siloxanes have the general formula (R 2 SiO) x where R is as described above, and x is 3 to 20 and the total number of carbon atoms in the R groups is between 20 and 1000.
  • Examples of cyclic siloxanes include hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (solid at
  • Linear siloxanes conform to the general formula R(SiR 2 0) r SiR 3 , where R is as described above and r is 1 to 5000 or higher.
  • Linear siloxanes include polydimethylsiloxane when R is methyl and polydiethylsiloxane when R is ethyl.
  • Such compounds may have a wide variety of terminal groups which typically include, for the sake of example methyl, ethyl phenyl groups.
  • the polydiethylsiloxane may be branched or contain other siloxanes units to depress the crystallization.
  • component (B) may have the following formula:
  • R 2 2 in which Me is a methyl group and each R 1 , each R 2 and each R 3 is individually selected from hydrocarbon groups having from 1 to 45 carbon atoms, each R 5 is individually selected from a hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms e.g. linear or branched alkyl groups, phenyl groups and/or alkylaryl groups; and each R 4 group is a hydrocarbon groups having from 2 to 45 carbon atoms, n is zero or an integer, v is zero or an integer and t is zero or an integer and wherein n + v + t >1; and that when v is > zero, n is zero and t is zero and that when t > zero, v is zero and n is zero or an integer.
  • each R 1 , each R 2 , each R 3 and each R 4 may independently be alkyl groups having at least 2 alkyl groups(, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, octyl, nonyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl); cycloalkyl groups (cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl); alkenyl groups (vinyl, hexenyl); aryl groups (phenyl, diphenyl, naphthyl); alkaryl groups (tolyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl); aralkyl groups (benzyl, phenylethyl).
  • Further organic groups include those hydrocarbon groups with at least 2 carbon atoms wherein one or more hydrogen atoms has been replaced with another substituent, also referred to as organyl groups.
  • substituents include, but are not limited to, halogen atoms (chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine); halogen atom containing groups such as haloalkyl groups (chloromethyl, perfluorobutyl, trifluoroethyl, and nonafluorohexyl) and haloaryl groups (monochlorophenyl, dibromophenyl, tetrachlorophenyl, monofluorophenyl); oxygen atoms; oxygen atom containing groups such as carboxyl, carbinol, ester, ether, acrylic groups and polyoxyalkylene groups (polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, polyoxybutylene); nitrogen atoms; nitrogen atom containing groups such as nitrile, amino, amid
  • each R 1 , each R 2 , and each R 3 may be independently selected from alkyl groups, of 1 to 45, alternatively of 1 to 30 and further alternatively 1 to 16 carbon atoms or phenyl groups containing 6 to 16 carbon atoms and each R 4 is independently an alkyl group having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
  • R 5 groups may be ethyl groups in which case the formula given above may be re- written as follows:
  • Branched siloxanes which may be utilized as component (B) include, for the sake of example, silicone resins.
  • the silicone oil (B) may, for example, be selected from polydiethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, polydimethylmethylalkylsiloxane, polymethylalkylsiloxane.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from alkyl of 1 to 45, alternatively of 1 to 30 and further alternatively 1 to 16 of carbon atoms, v is an integer greater than zero, for the sake of example v may be from 3 to 10000, alternatively from 5 to 1000.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from alkyl groups of 1 to 45, alternatively of 1 to 30 and further alternatively 1 to 16 carbon atoms or phenyl groups containing 6 to 16 carbon atoms and each R 4 is independently an alkyl group having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms, n is zero or an integer, and t is an integer. Hence, when n is zero, the polymer may be a random or block copolymer as previously discussed.
  • the silicone oil (B) can be a blend of multiple silicone oils described above.
  • the silicone oil (B) is present in an amount of from 0.5wt% to 50wt%, alternatively lwt% to 40wt%, alternatively 5wt% to 40wt%, alternatively 5wt% to 20wt%, alternatively 5% to 10wt% based on the total weight of (A) + (B), which is 100wt%.
  • Lubricant additives may be used to impart or improve certain properties to the lubricating composition.
  • Such additives include friction modifiers, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, seal swelling agents, rust and corrosion inhibitors, thickeners, Viscosity Index improvers "other than (B)", pour point depressants, anti-oxidants, free-radical scavengers, hydroperoxide decomposers, metal passivators, surface active agents such as detergents, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, defoamants, compatibilizers, dispersants, and mixtures thereof.
  • Further additives include deposit control additives, film forming additives, tackifiers, antimicrobials, additives for biodegradable lubricants, haze inhibitors, chromophores, and limited slip additives.
  • friction modifiers include long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives, molybdenum compounds, aliphatic amines or ethoxylated aliphatic amines, ether amines, alkoxylated ether amines, acylated amines, tertiary amines, aliphatic fatty acid amides, aliphatic carboxylic acids, aliphatic carboxylic esters, polyol esters, aliphatic carboxylic ester-amides, imidazolines, aliphatic phosphonates, aliphatic phosphates, aliphatic thiophosphonates, aliphatic thiophosphates.
  • anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives include organosulfur and organo-phosphorus compounds, such as organic polysulfides among which alky lpoly sulfides; phosphates among which trihydrocarbyl phosphate, dibutyl hydrogen phosphate, amine salt of sulfurized dibutyl hydrogen phosphate, dithiophosphates; dithiocarbamates dihydrocarbyl phosphate; sulfurized olefins, such as sulfurized isobutylene, and sulfurized fatty acid esters.
  • organosulfur and organo-phosphorus compounds such as organic polysulfides among which alky lpoly sulfides; phosphates among which trihydrocarbyl phosphate, dibutyl hydrogen phosphate, amine salt of sulfurized dibutyl hydrogen phosphate, dithiophosphates; dithiocarbamates dihydrocarbyl phosphate; sulfurized olefins, such as sulfurized isobutylene
  • seal swell agents include esters, adipates, sebacates, azeealates, phthalates, sulfones such as 3-alkoxytetraalkylene sulfone, substituted sulfolanes, aliphatic alcohols of 8 to 13 carbon atoms such as tridecyl alcohol, alkylbenzenes, aromatics, naphthalene depleted aromatic compounds, mineral oils.
  • Examples of rust and corrosion inhibitors include monocarboxylic acids such as octanoic acid, decanoic acid and dodecanoic acid; polycarboxylic acids such as dimer and trimer acids from tall oil fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid; thiazoles; triazoles such as benzotriazole, decyltriazole, 2-mercapto benzothiazole; thiadiazoles such as 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-5- hydrocarbyldithio- 1,3,4- thiadiazole; metal dithiophosphates; ether amines; acid phosphates; amines; polyethoxylated compounds such as ethoxylated amines; ethoxylated phenols; ethoxylated alcohols; imidazolines; aminosuccinic acids.
  • monocarboxylic acids such as octanoic acid, de
  • thickeners examples include metallic soaps such as lithium soaps, silica, expanded graphite, polyurea, clays such as hectorite or bentonite.
  • the lubricant composition when thickened, may become a grease composition.
  • Viscosity Index improvers “other than (B)” include polymethacrylates, olefin copolymers, polyisoalkylene such as polyisobutylene, styrene-diene copolymers, and styrene-ester copolymers such as styrenemaleic ester.
  • Examples of pour point depressants include wax- alkylated naphthalenes and phenols, polymethacrylates, styrene-ester copolymers.
  • anti-oxidants include phenolic antioxidants such as 2,6-di-tert- butylphenol, tertiary butylated phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4,4'- methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol),2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl6-ter t-butylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); mixed methylene-bridged polyalkyl phenols; aromatic amine antioxidants; sulfurized phenolic antioxidants; organic phosphites; amine derivatives such as p-, p'-dioctyldiphenylamine, N,N'-di-sec- butylphenylenediamine, 4-isopropylaminodiphenylamine, phenyl-, alpha. -naphthyl amine, phenyl-. alpha.
  • Examples of free-radical scavengers include zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates, hindered phenols, and alkylated arylamines.
  • hydroperoxide decomposers examples include organo-sulfur compounds and organo-phosphorus compounds.
  • metal passivators include poly-functional (polydentate) compounds, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salicylaldoxime.
  • poly-functional (polydentate) compounds such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salicylaldoxime.
  • Examples of surface active agents such as detergents, dispersants, emulsifiers, demulsifiers include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids such as magnesium sulfonate, zinc sulfonate, magnesium phenate, zinc phenate, lithium sulfonate, lithium carboxylate, lithium salicylate, lithium phenate, sulfurized lithium phenate, magnesium sulfonate, magnesium carboxylate, magnesium salicylate, magnesium phenate, sulfurized magnesium phenate, potassium sulfonate, potassium carboxylate, potassium salicylate, potassium phenate, sulfurized potassium phenate; common acids such as alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, alkylphenols, fatty carboxylic acids, polyamine, polyhydric alcoholderived polyisobutylene derivatives.
  • organic acids such as magnesium sulfonate, zinc sulfonate, magnesium phenate, zinc phenate, lithium sulfonate, lithium carboxylate, lithium salicy
  • defoamants include polysiloxanes, polyacrylates and styrene ester polymers.
  • compatibilizers include aromatic hydrocarbons such as 1-methyl- naphthalene, aromatic ethers such as diphenyl ether or anisole (methyl phenyl ether), long chain alcohols such as nonyl phenol, octanol and decanol.
  • dispersants include alkenylsuccinimide such as polyisobutylene succinimide, N-substituted polyisobutenyl succinimides such as polyisobutenyl succinimide-polyethylenepolyamine, succinates, succinate esters, alkyl methacrylate- vinyl pyrrolidinone copolymers, alkyl methacrylate-dialkylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymers, alkylmethacrylate-polyethylene glycol methacrylate copolymers, polystearamides, high molecular weight amines, phosphoric acid derivatives such as bis-hydroxypropyl phosphorate.
  • alkenylsuccinimide such as polyisobutylene succinimide
  • N-substituted polyisobutenyl succinimides such as polyisobutenyl succinimide-polyethylenepolyamine
  • succinates succinate esters
  • Some additives may possess multiple properties and provide for a multiplicity of affects.
  • graphite and molybdenum disulfide may both be used as friction modifiers and extreme pressure additives or functionalized soaps may be used to thicken but also provide extreme pressure and antiwear performances to greases. This approach is well known by the person skilled in the art and need not be further elaborated herein.
  • An additive may be used alone or in combination with other additives.
  • the sole or multiple additive(s) may be used at a level of from 0 to 10wt , alternatively 0.1 to 5wt , based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
  • Thickeners to produce greases may be used at a level of from 5 to 25 wt based on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
  • the lubricant composition is produced by mixing the lubricant base oil and the silicone oil and the optional additives, by conventional mixing means, optionally with heating.
  • the lubricant composition may be homogeneous, or non homogeneous. Homogeneity of the composition is considered at 25 °C, after mixing, and the optional heating, is (are) disrupted.
  • a homogeneous composition is meant herein as a composition where the lubricant base oil and the silicone oil are compatible or miscible and form a monophasic system.
  • a homogeneous composition may be hazy, clear or opaque.
  • the intimate blend of the 2 oils is uniform and posses the same properties throughout. The compatibility of mixtures may be assessed using ASTM D7155-11 : Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils.
  • a non homogeneous composition is meant herein as a composition where the lubricant base oil and the silicone oil form a biphasic system upon rest. A non homogeneous composition will be characterized by a varying composition of the blend throughout the container.
  • a non homogeneous system may be rendered homogenous by shaking, heating or addition of a compatibilizer, or a combination thereof. These non homogenous compositions will return to non homogeneous state upon disruption of the shaking or heating. When a compatibilizer is used, the duration of improved homogeneity will depend on the effectiveness of the compatibilizer - temporarily or over a longer period of time.
  • Compatibilizers may be surfactants or co-solvents. Homogeneity may be obtained through emulsification, dispersion or any other means known by the person skilled in the art. Emulsification techniques are known by the person skilled in the art and will not be further exemplified herein.
  • compositions include polydiethylsiloxane with polyalphaolefin, polydiethylsiloxane with mineral oil, polymethyloctylsiloxane with polyalphaolefin.
  • non homogenous compositions include polytrifluoropropylmethylsiloxane with mineral oil, polydiethylsiloxane with polyol ester, polymethyloctylsiloxane with polyalkylene glycol, polymethyloctylsiloxane with polyol esters.
  • compositions as hereinbefore described are shear stable in accordance with DIN 51350-6 (the KRL Tapered Roller Bearing Test in accord with DIN 51350-6) where a reduction in viscosity after the test of less than 10% is considered shear stable and values above 10% are considered shear unstable. It has been found that lubricant compositions as hereinbefore described result in much smaller rises in viscosity subsequent to testing according to DIN 51350-6 than that of conventional VI improvers,
  • Lubricating compositions may be used in a variety of applications where friction occurs between rubbing surfaces.
  • the surfaces may be plastic or metal.
  • Types of friction include sliding, rolling, static, kinetic, stick-slip, solid (dry), boundary, mixed, wear, erosion, elasto-hydrodynamic frictions.
  • the present invention includes a method to lubricate metal-metal surfaces comprising:
  • a lubricant composition comprising the composition as hereinbefore described and;
  • the present lubricant composition may be used in any system that includes machine elements that contain gears of any kind and roller bearings.
  • Examples of such systems include electricity generating systems, industrial manufacturing equipments such as paper, steel and cement mills hydraulic systems, automotive drive trains, aircraft propulsion systems, etc.
  • crankcases 2-stroke engines, 4-stroke engines, diesel engines, internal combustion engines, gears for manual or differential transmissions, industrial lubricants, hydraulic, compressor, turbine, metal working, metal forming, lubrication grease, solid.
  • Further systems also include traction and torque systems.
  • the lubricant composition may alternatively be used as an automatic transmission fluid, a manual transmission fluid, an axle lubricant, a transaxle lubricant, an industrial gear lubricant, a circulating lubricant, a gear oil for wind turbines, an open gear lubricant, an enclosed gear lubricant, an hydraulic fluid, a compressor fluid, or a grease.
  • Operating temperatures for the use of the lubricant composition meaning the temperatures at which the lubricant composition may be used for prolonged time (also called service temperatures), range of from -55°C to +200°C. Short term peak temperature may be higher.
  • Viscosity Index is measured/calculated using ASTM D 2270- 10E: Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C.
  • Kinematic viscosity (mm 2 /s) dynamic viscosity (mPa.s)
  • the density may be measured using glass pycnometer according to DIN 51757 (Procedure V2). Ideal mixing is assumed for blends of materials, meaning that the density of the blend can be calculated from the respective values of the ingredients. The values of dynamic viscosities were subsequently used to calculate kinematic viscosities using the material densities tabulated below. The calculated kinematic viscosities were then used to calculate Viscosity Index as per formula:
  • Viscosity Index [((antilog N) - 1)/0.00715 + 100]
  • Y kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the oil whose viscosity index is to be calculated
  • H kinematic viscosity at 40°C of a 100 Viscosity Index oil with the same viscosity at 100°C as the unknown
  • U kinematic viscosity at 40°C of the oil whose viscosity index is to be calculated.
  • the Load Carrying Capability (LCC) properties of the lubricant compositions being assessed were determined in accordance with ASTM D 5706-05 'Standard test method for determining extreme pressure properties of lubricating greases using a high-frequency, linear-oscillation (SRV) test machine' .
  • the SRV test machine may be used to determine load carrying and wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures.
  • This method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front- wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. This method may also be used for determining a fluid lubricant's ability to protect against wear and its coefficient of friction under similar test conditions.
  • a lubricating fluid was evaluated instead of lubrication greases; a steel cylinder was used instead of a steel ball; frequency was 10 Hz instead of 50Hz. The measurements were carried out at 40°C using 1mm stroke. The load was increased in increments of 5 ON every two minutes up to a maximum load of 2000N.
  • Wearing properties or lubrication performance may be evaluated by standard test method DIN 51350-3 'Testing of lubricants in the Shell four-ball tester' .
  • the Shell Four Ball Tester (FBT) is a testing device used to determine welding and metal loads as well as different friction and wear characteristics of lubricants.
  • the standard test consists of a rotating ball of a ball bearing being pressed onto three similar but immobile balls while applying a load of 100N, 400N and 800N for 1 hour test duration. Wear is determined by optically measuring the formed calotte (the worn depression area).
  • This testing device is especially common in the lubricant industry where it is used for routine product development and quality control testing.
  • the friction torque can be recorded continuously.
  • Shear stability of lubricant compositions was measured according to DIN 51350-6 using a tapered roller bearing to shear the lubricant composition for 4 hours (method A) and report the relative drop of viscosity after the test in percentage,
  • Vo is the kinematic viscosity (mm 2 /s at 100°C) before and Vi after the test.
  • the lubricant composition of the present invention is characterized by a Viscosity Index > 180, alternatively > 200, alternatively > 250.
  • the lubricant composition of the present invention is characterized by a load carrying capability according to the procedure described above.
  • LCC > 800N
  • SRV- load > 1000N
  • 1200N alternatively > 1500N (ASTM D 5706-05).
  • the lubricant composition of the present invention is characterized by a relative viscosity drop according to the procedure described above.
  • Ry ⁇ 10 alternatively Ry ⁇ 7.5
  • Ry ⁇ 6 alternatively Ry ⁇ 6 .
  • Vo*100 where Vo is the kinematic viscosity (mm 2 /s at 100°C) before and Vi after the test when measured according to DIN 51350- 6 (method A).
  • PDMS polydimethylsiloxanes having a typical viscosity of 50cst at 25°C, determined using a glass capillary viscosimeter
  • PAO polyalphaolefin (PAO SpectraSynTM 6 from ExxonMobil Chemicals) having a typical viscosity of 30.3 mm 2 /s at 40°C (Producers datasheet dated 27 February 2012)
  • Mineral oil Nynas® NS-100 (severely hydrotreated base oil obtained from Nynas AB) having a typical viscosity of 96 mm 2 /s at 40°C (Producers datasheet, dated 3 March 2008)
  • Polyol ester polyol ester based on dipentaerithrytol and C5/C8/C10 acids: commercial material Hatcol ® 2926, from Hatco, with a typical viscosity of 53 mm 2 /s (ASTM D-445) at 40°C (Producers datasheet, dated (08/04/06)
  • Viscosity Index type PiB Polyisobutylene Viscosity Improver: commercial material Hitec ® 7389, from Afton Chemical Corporation, with a typical viscosity of 176 mm 2 /s at 100°C (Producers datasheet)
  • Viscosity Index type OCP Olefin Copolymer Viscosity Improver: commercial material Hitec ® 5704, from Afton Chemical Corp., with a typical viscosity of 1100 mm 2 /s at l00°C
  • PDMS Polymer Data Handbook (1999 Oxford University Press) to be 0.957g/ml at 40°C and 0.905 g/ml at 100°C.
  • Blending The blends were prepared by adding a total of 50g of materials to a glass bottle and shaking them until a homogenous mixture was obtained.
  • Example la shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PDES have an LCC much higher than the pure oils in the range of between 0.5 and 50% wt of component (B), namely the PDES. The effect can be already seen with a 5% wt % addition level of PDES into the PAO.
  • Example lb shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PDES (i.e. component B) have much higher Viscosity Index values (at least 10% greater) than 100% PAO (*: Viscosity Index 143 from suppliers datasheet).
  • Example 2 a PDES + mineral oil
  • Example 2 a shows that compositions as hereinbefore described containing PDES and mineral oil have an LCC much higher than 100% mineral oil. The effect can be seen at 5% addition level of PDES into the mineral oil.
  • Example 2 b PDES + mineral oil
  • Example 2b shows that that compositions as hereinbefore described containing PDES and mineral oil have a lower wear scar in the four ball test than the pure mineral oil (nm stands for non measurable, load is too high to run the test).
  • Example 3a shows that compositions as hereinbefore described containing PMOSl have an LCC much higher than the 100% PAO. The effect can clearly be identified with a 10% addition level of PMOSl into the PAO.
  • Example 3b shows that that compositions as hereinbefore described containing PMOSl and PAO have a lower wear scar in the four ball test at high loads (800N) than the pure PAO (nm stands for non measurable, load is too high to run the test).
  • Example 3c shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PMOSl have Viscosity Index much higher (at least 10% greater) than for 100% PAO (*: Viscosity Index 143 as provided by the supplier).
  • Example 4a PMOS 2 + PAO
  • Example 4a shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PMOS2 have an LCC much higher than value for 100% PAO, i.e. component (A) alone. The effect is clearly evident at 10% addition level of PMOS1 into the PAO.
  • Example 4b shows that mixtures according to the invention containing
  • PMOS2 have much higher VI values (greater than 10% higher) than 100% PAO.
  • the Viscosity Index value for PAO provided by the supplier is 143 as previously indicated by *.
  • Example 5a shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PDMS have an LCC much higher than 100% PAO. The effect can be clearly identified at 5% addition level of PDMS.
  • Example 5b shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PDMS have much higher Viscosity Index values (much greater than 10%) than the 100% value for PAO.
  • the Viscosity Index value for PAO provided by the supplier is 143 as previously indicated by *.
  • Example 6 a PDMS + mineral oil
  • Example 6a shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PDMS have an LCC much higher than 100% mineral oil. The effect can be already seen at 5% addition level of PDMS in the mineral oil.
  • Example 6 b PDMS + mineral oil
  • Example 6b shows that that compositions as hereinbefore described containing PDMS and mineral oil have a lower wear scar in the four ball test than the pure mineral oil (nm stands for non measurable, load is too high to run the test).
  • Example 7 shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PDMS have LCC of above 1000N
  • Example 8 shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PMOS2 have an LCC of above 1000N.
  • Example 9 shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PDES have a load carrying (LCC) above 400N.
  • Example 10 shows that mixtures according to the invention containing PDES have an LCC higher than 650N.
  • PAO Blends with organic VI Improvers were prepared using the commercial Hitec ® 5704 and Hitec ® 7389
  • Comparative examples 1-6 indicate that the commercial viscosity improvers are less efficient than the disclosed siloxanes disclosed in Examples 1-10. Furthermore, the comparative viscosity improvers do not allow achieving viscosity indices above 200 when used with polyalphaolefin (density of the pure PAO was used to calculate the Viscosity Index values of the blends).
  • Example 3 shows a composition according to the invention that is shear stable
  • Comparitive example 3 is shear instable.
  • compositions according to the invention at 10% siloxanes content in PAO have a "low temperature"-viscosity significantly lower than commercial VI improvers at the same addition level (Comparative 7a and b).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
PCT/US2013/054966 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 Lubricant compositions WO2014028632A1 (en)

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CN201380043406.1A CN104583379A (zh) 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 润滑剂组合物
BR112015003038A BR112015003038A2 (pt) 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 composições lubrificantes
US14/421,473 US20150232782A1 (en) 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 Lubricant compositions
EP13751071.5A EP2885383A1 (en) 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 Lubricant compositions
JP2015527577A JP2015525827A (ja) 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 潤滑剤組成物
KR20157006053A KR20150042246A (ko) 2012-08-14 2013-08-14 윤활 조성물

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WO2015117804A1 (en) 2014-02-04 2015-08-13 Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh Lubricant composition containing organomodified siloxanes
WO2017193174A1 (en) * 2016-05-11 2017-11-16 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Polysiloxane hydraulic fluids
EP3318620A1 (en) 2016-11-02 2018-05-09 Evonik Oil Additives GmbH Use of a lubricant for improving the low temperature viscosity of lubricant compositions
WO2020020476A1 (de) 2018-07-24 2020-01-30 Klüber Lubrication München Se & Co. Kg Hybridfett mit niedrigen reibwerten und hohem verschleissschutz
CN115584294A (zh) * 2022-10-26 2023-01-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种润滑油用消泡剂及其制备方法，以及润滑油

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WO2014085522A1 (en) * 2012-11-28 2014-06-05 Dow Corning Corporation Siloxane traction fluids with ring-shaped branch structures and method of using
EP3269793A1 (de) * 2016-07-12 2018-01-17 Fuchs Petrolub SE Schmiermittel-zusammensetzung und verwendung
EP3366755B1 (en) * 2017-02-22 2023-11-29 Infineum International Limited Improvements in and relating to lubricating compositions
WO2019078621A2 (ko) * 2017-10-17 2019-04-25 한양대학교 산학협력단 미끄러운 표면을 갖는 물품을 제조하기 위한 코팅용 조성물
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KR102075213B1 (ko) * 2017-12-21 2020-02-07 주식회사 포스코 열연강판 냉각용 조성물 및 이를 이용한 열연 강판의 냉각 방법
CN112088205B (zh) * 2018-04-13 2022-11-08 株式会社Moresco 润滑油组合物以及使用其的润滑剂
EP3824051A1 (en) * 2018-07-18 2021-05-26 Ddp Specialty Electronic Materials Us 9, Llc. Lubricant grease composition based on silicone base stock
JP2022549623A (ja) * 2019-09-25 2022-11-28 シェブロン・オロナイト・テクノロジー・ビー．ブイ． ハイブリッド車用の潤滑油組成物
WO2021070888A1 (ja) * 2019-10-10 2021-04-15 Ntn株式会社 車軸用軸受、グリース組成物、および転がり玉軸受
KR102316544B1 (ko) * 2019-12-04 2021-10-22 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 지방산 아미드 함유 중합체 기반의 올레오젤 및 이의 제조방법
JP7409099B2 (ja) * 2020-01-14 2024-01-09 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 グリースの劣化評価方法

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CN104583379A (zh) 2015-04-29
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KR20150042246A (ko) 2015-04-20
US20150232782A1 (en) 2015-08-20
BR112015003038A2 (pt) 2017-07-04

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