WO2014023475A1 - Schaltbare elektrische verbundscheibenanordnung - Google Patents
Schaltbare elektrische verbundscheibenanordnung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014023475A1 WO2014023475A1 PCT/EP2013/063628 EP2013063628W WO2014023475A1 WO 2014023475 A1 WO2014023475 A1 WO 2014023475A1 EP 2013063628 W EP2013063628 W EP 2013063628W WO 2014023475 A1 WO2014023475 A1 WO 2014023475A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- film
- thermoplastic polymer
- polymer film
- spd
- intermediate layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PQTCMBYFWMFIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Au] PQTCMBYFWMFIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010063493 Premature ageing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032038 Premature aging Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003763 resistance to breakage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
- B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
- B32B17/10532—Suspended particle layer
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/002—Joining methods not otherwise provided for
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- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
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- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
- B32B37/18—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
- B32B37/182—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only one or more of the layers being plastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/17—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/17—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
- G02F1/172—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169 based on a suspension of orientable dipolar particles, e.g. suspended particles displays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2629/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2631/00—Use of polyvinylesters or derivatives thereof for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2709/08—Glass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
- B32B2315/08—Glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2329/00—Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals
- B32B2329/06—PVB, i.e. polyinylbutyral
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2331/00—Polyvinylesters
- B32B2331/04—Polymers of vinyl acetate, e.g. PVA
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/08—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 light absorbing layer
- G02F2201/083—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 light absorbing layer infrared absorbing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
- G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric
- G02F2202/023—Materials and properties organic material polymeric curable
- G02F2202/025—Materials and properties organic material polymeric curable thermocurable
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrically switchable composite disk assembly, to methods for their production and their use as vehicle and construction glazing.
- Glazings which change their translucency at the push of a button and thus can switch between a dark and transparent view, are widely used in the art.
- many possibilities open up.
- the passenger compartment can heat up very much through the window openings.
- the driver can be dazzled by scattered light while driving.
- roof glazing of motor vehicles the vehicle can heat up quickly and heavily in the summer. This heating of the vehicle interior not only has a negative effect on the concentration and responsiveness of the driver, but increases the energy and thus fuel consumption of the motor vehicle to a not insignificant extent.
- US 6,277,523 B1 describes the construction and operation of an electrochromic coating.
- the transparency for light of different wavelengths can be controlled and regulated by applying an electrical charge.
- JP 2008-025229 A1 discloses a system for changing the light transmission in double facades. This allows regulation of the amount of incident light and thus the amount of heat in the building.
- the control of the transmission is by nucleation processes, d. H. Controlled droplet formation of a gas in the intermediate layer.
- US 2004257649 A1 discloses a multi-part building glazing with electrically switchable SPD film.
- US 2005/0227061 A1 discloses a method for the production and lamination of an SPD film (suspended particle device).
- the actual SPD film is laminated under heat and vacuum between adhesive films.
- EP 2 010 385 B1 discloses a composite glazing with a multilayer intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer contains at least three adhesive films, a layer with infrared-deflecting function and an electrical device. This comprises a device with liquid crystal layer or SPD film.
- the electrical device is arranged within a recess of an adhesive film.
- EP 2 013 013 B1 discloses a composite glazing having an at least three-layer intermediate layer.
- a middle intermediate layer forms the frame for an SPD film and is laminated together with a lower intermediate layer and an upper intermediate layer.
- the interlayer materials do not contain a plasticizer as an important condition.
- a common problem with composite glazing is the premature aging of the intermediate films. Ingress of moisture and oxygen, especially in combination with the UV radiation of the sunlight, can lead to an at least superficial degradation of the adhesive film. The quality of the edge sealing therefore has a great influence on the quality and long-term stability of the entire glazing. If, in addition, inorganic functional layers, in particular metallic functional layers, are present, the aging of the intermediate layers still increases significantly.
- Aging can not only affect the overall visual impression of the glazing, but also significantly limit its functionality.
- the operation of the glazing can be significantly limited.
- this means that the color change in the edge area is delayed or can be completely omitted.
- the glazing in the edge area appears increasingly brighter. This lightening effect may extend over the entire glazing area over time.
- the object of the invention is to provide an electrically switchable glazing with SPD film, which has a high and long-lasting aging stability of the functional layer.
- the switchable composite disk arrangement comprises at least a first disk, a second disk and an intermediate layer arranged therebetween.
- the pane preferably contains flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass and / or mixtures thereof.
- the disc may also include polymers such as polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate (Plexiglas).
- the intermediate layer contains at least a first thermoplastic polymer film and a second thermoplastic polymer film as well as an electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film arranged therebetween.
- the thermoplastic polymer film preferably contains PVB (polyvinyl butyral) or EVA (poly ethyl vinyl acetate).
- polybutylene terephthalate PBT
- polycarbonate PC
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PVF polyvinyl fluoride
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- an SPD film is to be understood as meaning a multilayer film in which the actual active SPD film is arranged in terms of area between at least one first and at least one second carrier film.
- the advantage of SPD foils lies in a simple production of the switchable composite disk arrangement.
- the SPD slide can be before be prepared in larger quantities of the production of the disc assembly and are simply inserted in the production in the composite, which is then laminated by conventional methods to the composite disc.
- the carrier films preferably comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer, particularly preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the thickness of each carrier film is preferably from 0.1 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm.
- the edge seal preferably extends from the outer edge region of the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film at least 1 mm in the direction of the inner surface of the SPD film.
- the edge seal preferably comprises a polyimide film or film.
- the term "outer edge region” means the cut edges of the horizontal flat film. "Scotch tape ®").
- the edge seal is formed in an alternative embodiment as an at least 1 mm deep notch in the region of the intermediate layer.
- the notch extends at least to the SPD film and is filled with polyisobutylene (PIB) and / or polyurethane (PU).
- PIB polyisobutylene
- PU polyurethane
- thermoplastic polymer films preferably contain PVB (polyvinyl butyral) and / or EVA (polyethylvinyl acetate).
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- EVA polyethylvinyl acetate
- a polymer film of EVA surprisingly exhibits the highest aging protection in conjunction with the edge seal according to the invention, which contains polyimides (PI) and / or polyisobutylenes. This is probably due to a very strong compound of the edge seal according to the invention and the EVA (polyethylvinylacetate) during the lamination of the glazing.
- the switchable composite disk assembly preferably comprises a third thermoplastic polymer film between the first disk and the second thermoplastic polymer film.
- This third thermoplastic polymer film can contribute to the improvement of the mechanical properties, for example, the resistance to breakage.
- the third thermoplastic film can also serve as a carrier for other functions, such as sunscreen.
- the switchable composite disk assembly preferably comprises an IR (infrared) radiation repellent coating between the third thermoplastic polymer film and the second thermoplastic polymer film.
- the IR radiation-repellent coating preferably contains niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, zirconium, silver, gold, aluminum, nickel, chromium, copper and / or mixtures or alloys thereof.
- the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film preferably has a cut edge that is 1 mm to 4 mm lower than the first thermoplastic polymer film and the second thermoplastic polymer film. This causes the first thermoplastic film enclosing the SPD film and the second thermoplastic film to exceed the outer edge of the SPD film by 1 mm to 4 mm. This supernatant of the thermoplastic films, in conjunction with the edge seal according to the invention, once again markedly increases the aging resistance of the SPD films and of the entire switchable composite disk arrangement.
- the edge seal preferably contains a coating of polyurethane, which further increases the aging resistance.
- the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film preferably has a thickness of 100 ⁇ to 500 ⁇ , preferably 150 ⁇ to 400 ⁇ .
- the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film preferably comprises an electrical contact.
- the electrical contact is connected to a voltage source and a control element which thus permits a change, preferably also a gradual change, of the transmission of the switchable composite disk arrangement.
- the edge seal preferably comprises a polyacrylic adhesive.
- the edge seal is formed as an insulating film, the polyacrylic adhesive fixes the insulating film on the electrically switchable SPD film.
- the invention further includes a method of making a switchable composite disk assembly.
- a switchable composite disk assembly In a first step, an electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film in its outer edge region with a Edge seal (4) comprising a polyimide (PI) sheathed.
- the edge seal is preferably formed as an insulating film comprising a polyimide film with a polyacrylic adhesive.
- the sheathed electrically switchable transmissive SPD foil forms a foil.
- the film is arranged between a first thermoplastic polymer film and a second thermoplastic polymer film to form an intermediate layer.
- the first thermoplastic polymer film and the second thermoplastic polymer film are arranged so that the thermoplastic polymer films have at least 2 mm larger outer edge distance than the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film.
- the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film is still provided with an electrical contact.
- the intermediate layer is laminated between a first pane and a second pane.
- the resulting composite glazing can be provided in further steps with an electric control device.
- the invention further includes an alternative method of making a switchable composite disk assembly.
- An electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film is disposed to an intermediate layer between a first thermoplastic polymer film and a second thermoplastic polymer film.
- the intermediate layer is then laminated between a first disc and a second disc.
- a 1 mm to 5 mm deep notch in the region of the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD foil is milled into the intermediate layer.
- the notch is filled with polyisobutylene (PIB) and then with polyurethane (PU).
- the invention further encompasses the use of the switchable composite pane arrangement according to the invention as vehicle glazing, ship glazing, railway glazing, aircraft glazing and / or structural glazing.
- the switchable composite pane arrangement according to the invention as vehicle glazing, ship glazing, railway glazing, aircraft glazing and / or structural glazing.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of an electrically switchable composite disk arrangement according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of a preferred electrically switchable composite disk arrangement according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a further preferred electrically switchable composite pane arrangement according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a flow chart for producing the electrically switchable composite disk arrangement according to the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a flow chart for the alternative production of the electrically switchable composite disk arrangement according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an electrically switchable composite disk arrangement according to the prior art.
- a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is arranged between a first disc (1) and a second disc (2).
- the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) comprises a first thermoplastic polymer film (3a) and a second thermoplastic polymer film (3c) and an electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film (3b) arranged therebetween.
- a voltage source is connected to the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD foil (3b).
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section of an electrically switchable composite disk arrangement according to the invention.
- a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is arranged between a first disc (1) and a second disc (2).
- the thermoplastic Intermediate layer (3) comprises a first thermoplastic polymer film (3a) and a second thermoplastic polymer film (3c) and an electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film (3b) disposed therebetween.
- an edge seal (4) is arranged in the outer edge region (5) of the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film (3b) in the outer edge region (5) of the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film (3b) in the outer edge region (5) of the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film (3b) in the outer edge region (5) of the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film (3b) in the outer edge region (5) of the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film (3b) in the outer edge region (5) of the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film (3b) an edge seal (4) is arranged.
- the edge seal includes a polyimide (PI) wherein the edge seal (4) extends from the outer edge region (5) of length (L) at least 1 mm below (I) and above (II) the SPD film (3b) between the first thermoplastic polymer film (3a) and the second thermoplastic polymer film (3c) is sufficient.
- the edge seal (4) is preferably formed as a polyimide film.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a preferred electrically switchable composite disk arrangement according to the invention.
- the basic structure corresponds to that shown in FIG.
- a third thermoplastic polymer film (3d) is disposed between the first disk (1) and the intermediate layer (3).
- an IR radiation-repellent coating (6) for example silver, is arranged between the third thermoplastic polymer film (3d) and the intermediate layer (3).
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of an alternative preferred electrically switchable composite disk arrangement according to the invention.
- the basic structure corresponds to that shown in FIG. 2 except for the edge seal (4).
- a notch (7) which is filled with an edge seal (4) made of polyisobutylene and polyurethane.
- FIG. 5 shows a flow chart for the production of the electrically switchable composite disk arrangement according to the invention.
- an electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film (3b) is encased in its outer edge region with an edge seal (4) comprising a polyimide (PI).
- the edge seal (4) is preferably formed as an insulating film comprising a polyimide film with a polyacrylic adhesive.
- the sheathed electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD foil (3b) forms a foil.
- the film is arranged between a first thermoplastic polymer film and a second thermoplastic polymer film such that the thermoplastic polymer films (3a, 3c) have at least 2 mm greater outer edge distance than the film.
- FIG. 6 shows a flow chart for the alternative production of the electrically switchable composite disk arrangement according to the invention.
- An electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD film (3b) is arranged to form an intermediate layer (3) between a first thermoplastic polymer film (3a) and a second thermoplastic polymer film (3c).
- the resulting intermediate layer (3) is then laminated between a first disc (1) and a second disc (2).
- a minimum of 1 mm is milled into the intermediate layer (3) in the region of the electrically switchable transmission-variable SPD foil (3b).
- the notch (7) is filled with polyisobutylene (PIB). After curing of the polyisobutylene, the notch (7) is then sealed with polyurethane (PU).
- PIB polyisobutylene
- PU polyurethane
- a glass composite disc (20 cm x 20 cm) contained the following structure (in terms of thickness) of the first disc (1) (2.1 mm), the first thermoplastic polymer film (3a) (EVA, 0.38 mm), SPD film ( 3b) (0.35 mm), second thermoplastic polymer film (3c) (EVA, 0.38 mm), PET with silver coating (6) (0.05 mm), third thermoplastic polymer film (3c) (EVA, 0.38 mm ), second disc (2) (2, 1 mm).
- the SPD film (3b) was coated with a polyimide film edge seal (4) as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 at the edge portion.
- the thermoplastic films (3a, 3c) of EVA had a protrusion of about 2 mm compared to the SPD film (3b).
- the glass composite panel was subjected to a heat storage for 28 days at 90 ° C and a WOM (wheatherometer test) for 1000 hours at 90 ° C and irradiation through a xenon lamp (PV3929) with a power of 1250 W / h * m 2 .
- a glass composite disk (20 cm x 20 cm) contained the following structure (with thickness specifications) from the first disk (1) (2, 1 mm), the first thermoplastic polymer film (3a) (EVA, 0.38 mm), SPD film ( 3b) (0.35 mm), second thermoplastic polymer film (3c) (EVA, 0.38 mm), PET with silver coating (6) (0.05 mm), third thermoplastic polymer film (3c) (EVA, 0.38 mm ), second disc (2) (2.1 mm).
- the SPD film (3b) was in the edge region as shown in Figure 4 with a border seal (4) made of polyisobutylene and polyurethane jacketed.
- the glass composite pane was heat-deposited as in Example 1 for 28 days at 90 ° C. and a WOM (wheatherometer test) for 1000 hours at 90 ° C. and irradiated by a xenon lamp (PV 3929) with a power of 1250 W / h * m 2 exposed.
- the glass composite disk corresponded to that in Examples 1 and 2 without sealing the SPD film (3b).
- the glass composite pane was heat-set for 28 days at 90 ° C. and a WOM test (wheatherometer test) for 1000 hours at 90 ° C. and irradiated by a xenon lamp (PV 3929) with a power of 1250 W, as in Examples 1 and 2 / h * m 2 exposed.
- Table 1 The results of the examinations of the examples can be found in Table 1.
- the regression of the SPD film was measured in the edge region after the test runs "heat storage” and "WOM test".
- the regression of the SPD film is shown by brightening the SPD film in a de-energized state.
- Table 1 indicates the size of the edge area of the SPD film in mm, which appears bright in the de-energized state. This area is thus no longer (fully) functional.
- Examples 1 and 2 according to the invention show only a very minimal and negligible damage to the edge of the SPD film, both in the heat storage and in the WOM test. Depending on the test conditions, the decreases in the working edge area range between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. In Comparative Example 3, the damage to the edge (> 5 mm) of the SPD film is higher by a factor of 2.5 to 10 than in the example according to the invention. These results were surprising and not obvious to the person skilled in the art. Insulation of the SPD film with commercially available Tesafilm® shows similar values to Comparative Example 3. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL13732174T PL2882588T3 (pl) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | Elektrycznie przełączalny układ szyb zespolonych |
JP2015525791A JP6242892B2 (ja) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | 電気的に切り替え可能な複合材アセンブリ |
ES13732174T ES2774977T3 (es) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | Disposición de vidrio laminado con conmutación eléctrica |
US14/417,788 US10207480B2 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | Switchable electrical composite pane array |
BR112015001757-6A BR112015001757B1 (pt) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | disposição de vidraça compósita comutável e método para produzir uma disposição de vidraça compósita comutável |
CA2879582A CA2879582C (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | Switchable electrical composite pane arrangement |
CN201380042207.9A CN104520097B (zh) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | 可电切换的复合玻璃组件 |
EA201590348A EA030021B1 (ru) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | Многослойное стекло с регулируемым светопропусканием и способ его изготовления |
EP13732174.1A EP2882588B1 (de) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | Elektrisch schaltbare verbundscheibenanordnung |
KR1020157003411A KR101795192B1 (ko) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | 스위치가능한 전기적 복합 판유리 어레이 |
MX2015001660A MX370003B (es) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | Arreglo de cristal compuesto conmutable eléctricamente. |
US16/233,038 US20190143647A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2018-12-26 | Switchable electrical composite pane array |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12179771.6 | 2012-08-09 | ||
EP12179771 | 2012-08-09 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/417,788 A-371-Of-International US10207480B2 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | Switchable electrical composite pane array |
US16/233,038 Continuation US20190143647A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2018-12-26 | Switchable electrical composite pane array |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2014023475A1 true WO2014023475A1 (de) | 2014-02-13 |
Family
ID=48700595
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2013/063628 WO2014023475A1 (de) | 2012-08-09 | 2013-06-28 | Schaltbare elektrische verbundscheibenanordnung |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10207480B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2882588B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6242892B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101795192B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN104520097B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112015001757B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2879582C (de) |
EA (1) | EA030021B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2774977T3 (de) |
MX (1) | MX370003B (de) |
PL (1) | PL2882588T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT2882588T (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014023475A1 (de) |
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EP2988168A4 (de) * | 2013-04-19 | 2017-01-25 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Struktur aus lichteinstellungstafeln |
DE102013214552A1 (de) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-01-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Versiegeln eines Seitenbereichs eines Folienstapels, Folienstapel sowie Verbundglasscheibe |
WO2019025178A1 (de) | 2017-08-01 | 2019-02-07 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Funktionselement mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen eigenschaften |
RU2745873C1 (ru) * | 2017-08-01 | 2021-04-02 | Сэн-Гобэн Гласс Франс | Функциональный элемент с электроуправляемыми оптическими свойствами |
US11364709B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2022-06-21 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Functional element having electrically controllable optical properties |
WO2019068419A1 (de) | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-11 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Verbundscheibe mit elektrisch steuerbaren optischen eigenschaften |
US11312111B2 (en) | 2017-10-04 | 2022-04-26 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Composite pane having electrically controllable optical properties |
WO2019185221A1 (de) | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-03 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Verbesserter optischer eindruck einer pdlc-fahrzeugscheibe durch eine kombination von dunklen innen- und aussenstapeln |
CN110546022A (zh) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-12-06 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 通过深色内部堆叠体和外部堆叠体的组合而改进的pdlc车辆玻璃板的视觉印象 |
RU2761599C1 (ru) * | 2018-03-26 | 2021-12-10 | Сэн-Гобэн Гласс Франс | Окно транспортного средства и транспортное средство с таким окном |
US11807082B2 (en) | 2018-03-26 | 2023-11-07 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Optical impression of a PDLC vehicle pane through a combination of dark inner and outer stacks |
WO2020143984A1 (de) | 2019-01-07 | 2020-07-16 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Unverbautes elektrisch steuerbares funktionselement mit schutzfolie |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
MX370003B (es) | 2019-11-28 |
CA2879582C (en) | 2018-05-29 |
EA201590348A1 (ru) | 2015-05-29 |
EP2882588B1 (de) | 2019-12-11 |
JP6242892B2 (ja) | 2017-12-06 |
CN104520097B (zh) | 2018-07-03 |
JP2015531701A (ja) | 2015-11-05 |
US20190143647A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
PT2882588T (pt) | 2020-03-24 |
EA030021B1 (ru) | 2018-06-29 |
BR112015001757B1 (pt) | 2021-03-02 |
EP2882588A1 (de) | 2015-06-17 |
CN104520097A (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
US10207480B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 |
PL2882588T3 (pl) | 2020-06-01 |
KR20150036475A (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
CA2879582A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
MX2015001660A (es) | 2015-04-08 |
BR112015001757A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
ES2774977T3 (es) | 2020-07-23 |
US20150298431A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
KR101795192B1 (ko) | 2017-11-07 |
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