WO2014017280A1 - 固定相 - Google Patents
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- WO2014017280A1 WO2014017280A1 PCT/JP2013/068603 JP2013068603W WO2014017280A1 WO 2014017280 A1 WO2014017280 A1 WO 2014017280A1 JP 2013068603 W JP2013068603 W JP 2013068603W WO 2014017280 A1 WO2014017280 A1 WO 2014017280A1
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- silica gel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/282—Porous sorbents
- B01J20/285—Porous sorbents based on polymers
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/40—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism using supercritical fluid as mobile phase or eluent
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/262—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/264—Synthetic macromolecular compounds derived from different types of monomers, e.g. linear or branched copolymers, block copolymers, graft copolymers
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28059—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being less than 100 m2/g
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28061—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being in the range 100-500 m2/g
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28064—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being in the range 500-1000 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/286—Phases chemically bonded to a substrate, e.g. to silica or to polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
- B01J20/3268—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/3272—Polymers obtained by reactions otherwise than involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
- C08G63/183—Terephthalic acids
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/80—Aspects related to sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a chromatography technique. More particularly, it relates to a stationary phase used in chromatography.
- Chromatography is the most effective means for analyzing the components of the mixture and their contents, and for separating and purifying them. This is also understood as a distribution ratio (adsorption equilibrium) inherent to a substance between a porous solid (stationary phase) spatially fixed in a tube called a column or capillary and a fluid (mobile phase) moving through the gap. ) To separate different substances. Typical examples are gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. The former uses gas as the mobile phase.
- liquid chromatography uses a liquid as a mobile phase, and can be applied to most substances if an appropriate mobile phase is selected.
- viscosity of the liquid is generally high, there is a limit due to an increase in the viscous resistance even if it is attempted to ensure good separation with a long column or capillary.
- Supercritical fluid chromatography was invented as a technology that can overcome both disadvantages. This utilizes the characteristics that a fluid in a supercritical or subcritical state dissolves other compounds far better than a gas, and has a lower viscosity and a higher diffusion rate than a liquid. SFC using carbon dioxide as a supercritical fluid is generally adopted for safety and equipment reasons, and its use is gradually expanding. In addition to this, there are chromatography using electric attractive force, so-called thin-layer chromatography (modified liquid chromatography) in which paper or powder is consolidated into a thin layer, but the application range is not so wide. .
- thin-layer chromatography modified liquid chromatography
- SFC supercritical fluid chromatography
- stationary phase also referred to as a column filler
- HPLC liquid chromatography
- Modification groups include saturated alkyl chains of various chain lengths, or one or two benzene rings or condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups connected by alkyl chains or alkyl chains including amide bonds or ether bonds. , Characterized by halogen-substituted benzene rings, linked by halogenated alkyl groups, linked by polar groups such as 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group, CN group, NH 2 group, crosslinked polystyrene as polymer modifying group , Polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and the like. Carbon with a graphite structure is also a characteristic stationary phase.
- a compound often used in SFC is a basic compound called (2-ethylpyridine) having a (2-pyridyl) ethyl group bonded and tailing in a normal stationary phase to give a broad peak. Is also preferred because it elutes as a sharp peak.
- Non-Patent Document 2 the retention tendency for various compounds is similar, and there are not a few stationary phases with no difference in characteristics. Under these circumstances, the present inventors have earnestly developed a stationary phase for SFC based on the recognition that it is one of the required requirements to be able to identify molecules having similar structures. .
- polysaccharide-based stationary phases for chiral separation are also applied to SFC and are practically used in chiral separation (for example, Non-Patent Document 3).
- polysaccharide derivatives have the ability to discern excellent molecular structures, but they may be difficult to use because they are too selective and entangled with the separation of optical isomers.
- Non-patent Document 4 Non-patent Document 4 and documents cited herein.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a so-called vinyl polymer such as divinylbenzene / styrene copolymer is used as a filler.
- Patent Document 2 discloses polystyrene beads for polynucleotide separation by liquid chromatography, and polyester is also exemplified therein.
- a non-porous sphere as disclosed in Patent Document 2 is used as a chromatographic stationary phase
- a normal polymer having a relatively high polarity such as a polynucleotide to be separated by the present invention is used. It is hardly retained by low molecular weight compounds, and even if retained, tailing is severe and it is not a practical analytical method.
- This is also true for the above-mentioned fiber polymer, but retention of a low molecular compound by a polymer occurs when the molecule diffuses inside the polymer, but diffusion of the molecule within the polymer does not.
- the present invention solves the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a stationary phase having an improved number of column stages and a good molecular discrimination ability.
- the inventors of the present invention have, as a repeating unit of the main chain, an aromatic ring forming a part of the main chain, a bipolar atomic group forming a part of the main chain, and
- the present invention is completed by finding that a stationary phase containing a polymer having a specific surface area of 5 to 1000 m 2 / g improves the number of column stages and expresses good molecular discrimination ability. It came to.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the stationary phase according to (1), wherein the polymer is polyester, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, or polycarbonate.
- the stationary phase according to (2), wherein the polymer is polyester.
- the polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene isophthalate, poly (2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl terephthalate), or poly-4-oxymethylbenzoyl.
- the stationary phase according to (3) which is characterized in that it exists.
- the stationary phase according to any one of (1) to (5) which is in the form of particles.
- the stationary phase according to (6), wherein the average particle size is 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the stationary phase according to any one of (1) to (5) which is monolithic.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing separation of terphenyl isomers and triphenylene by HPLC using poly (4-oxymethylbenzoyl) -bonded silica gel as a stationary phase.
- 2 is a chromatogram using the stationary phase of Example 2.
- the upper row shows the results of HPLC performed under conditions of hexane / 2-propanol (100: 1 v / v) 1 mL / min 25 ° C.
- the lower part shows the result of SFC performed under the condition of CO 2 / methanol (97: 3 v / v).
- 10 is a chromatogram using the stationary phase of Example 8.
- the upper row shows the results of HPLC performed under conditions of hexane / 2-propanol (100: 1 v / v) 1 mL / min 25 ° C.
- the lower part shows the result of SFC performed under the condition of CO 2 / methanol (97: 3 v / v).
- the chromatogram obtained using the stationary phase of Example 9.
- the chromatogram obtained using the stationary phase of Example 10.
- the present invention is a stationary phase comprising a polymer having, in a repeating unit of a main chain, an aromatic ring forming a part of the main chain and a dipolar atomic group forming a part of the main chain, the specific surface area of which is 5 to 1000 m 2 / g.
- the stationary phase refers to a material that is fixed inside an analytical tool (column or capillary) in a chromatography method, distributes the substance to be separated between the fluid that moves while in contact with the material, and leads the separation.
- an analytical tool column or capillary
- the separation distributes the substance to be separated between the fluid that moves while in contact with the material, and leads the separation.
- this when this is a particle, it may refer to an aggregate formed by filling the particle, or may refer to its individual particles.
- the stationary phase of the present invention includes a polymer having an aromatic ring forming a part of the main chain and a dipolar atomic group forming a part of the main chain in a repeating unit of the main chain.
- aromatic ring forming a part of the main chain means that the aromatic ring is a constituent of the main chain of the polymer.
- the aromatic ring has at least two substituents, one of which leads to one end of the polymer and the other leads to the other end of the polymer.
- the aromatic ring mentioned here is a condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, or pyrene; a heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon such as thiophene or pyrrole; a plurality of rings such as biphenyl are single-bonded Including those selected from connected.
- the positions of the two substituents are not limited, but in the case of benzene, 1,2-position, 1,3-position, 1,4-position, and in the case of naphthalene, 1,4-position, 1,5-position, , 5-position, 2,6-position, 2,7-position, and biphenyl are exemplified by substitution patterns such as 4,4′-position and 3,3′-position.
- benzene, naphthalene, and biphenyl are preferable.
- the aromatic ring may have a different substituent from the polymer main chain.
- substituents include alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons, cyano, halogen, hydroxy
- a substitution with a methyl group or a halogen atom is preferable because the direct interaction of the substituent itself is small and affects the molecular identification of the polymer.
- the polymer used in the present invention contains a dipolar atomic group forming a part of the main chain.
- the dipolar atomic group forming a part of the main chain mentioned here has, for example, the following structure.
- the dipolar atomic group forming a part of the main chain refers to any of the two valences of X whose bond is not specified in the above formula (I) or (II). Means a component. In other words, tracing one of them leads to one end of the polymer, and tracing the other means reaching the other end of the polymer.
- Y is oxygen (carbonyl group), sulfur (thiocarbonyl group), nitrogen having one substituent (including oxime and hydrazone), and when X is sulfur, Y is Y. Is oxygen (sulfoxide, sulfone) or nitrogen having one substituent (sulfilimine, sulfoxyimine), or when X is phosphorus having one substituent, X is oxygen or one substituent With nitrogen.
- dipolar atomic groups a carbonyl group, a sulfoxide, and a sulfone are preferable.
- the repeating unit constituting the polymer means one unit of the monomer as long as it is a polymer obtained by polymerizing one kind of monomer.
- a polymer obtained by polymerizing two or more kinds of monomers for example, polyethylene
- terephthalate it means a dimer of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
- the content of the repeating unit containing an aromatic ring and a dipolar atomic group among the repeating units constituting the polymer is usually 70 to 100 mol%, and 90 to 100 mol% (the terminal is It is preferable not to consider.
- polymers include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene isophthalate, poly (2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl terephthalate), polyarylate, poly- Examples thereof include polyester such as 4-oxymethylbenzoyl, polysulfone (PS), polyethersulfone (PES), polycarbonate (PC), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
- PS polysulfone
- PES polyethersulfone
- PC polycarbonate
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- the polymer used in the present invention is polyester, it can be synthesized by dehydration condensation of carboxylic acid and alcohol or phenol, transesterification with ester, reaction with acid halide, or the like.
- Monomers used for synthesis include dicarboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and methyl groups and halogen atoms substituted on these aromatic rings.
- diol components such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1, 3-diol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol and the like can be used.
- an aromatic compound having a carboxylic acid or a residue thereof and an alcohol or phenol in the molecule, such as 4-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid or an ester thereof can also be used.
- the “polyester” described in Japanese Patent No. 3858509 is a vinyl polymer having an ester side chain, and is not a polyester according to the present invention and a general term.
- the aromatic ring forming a part of the main chain is preferably 1,4-benzene, 1,3-benzene, 1,6-naphthalene, 1,7-naphthalene, 1,5-thiophene. . If this ring is too large, the peaks generally tend to be broadened in chromatography.
- those having a partial structure such as —CH 2 —CH 2 — having a high mobility in the repeating unit are preferable in order to provide a good number of column stages as a column packing material.
- condensation polymers using terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid as the carboxylic acid and ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol or 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diol as the dihydric alcohol It is easy to obtain poly-4-oxymethylbenzoyl by condensation of -hydroxymethylbenzoic acid or methyl 4-hydroxymethylbenzoate.
- PET which is a condensation polymer of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol
- PBT which is a condensation polymer of butylene glycol
- Such a polyester has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 5,000,000, preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000. From the viewpoints of solubility of the polymer in the solvent, prevention of particle aggregation when the polymer is supported on the support, suppression of dissolution in the mobile phase solvent, maintenance of the amount of binding when chemically bound to the support, the above range. Is preferred. The optimal point depends on the type of polymer.
- the weight average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene as a standard substance.
- the synthesis method may be an interfacial method in which bisphenols and phosgene are directly reacted, a transesterification method in which bisphenols and diphenyl carbonate are reacted in a solvent-free condition, or the like.
- Such a polycarbonate has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 5,000,000, preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000.
- polyethersulfone a polymer of 4-chloro-4'-hydroxydiphenylsulfone can be cited as a representative example.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyethersulfone is 1000 to 5000000, preferably 5000 to 100,000.
- the weight average molecular weight is 1,000 to 5,000,000, preferably 5,000 to 100,000.
- These polymers may have a strong polar group such as a carboxyl group at the end depending on the production conditions, but such a group often reduces chromatographic efficiency by strong adsorption called non-specific adsorption. . Therefore, it is preferable to inactivate by some chemical treatment.
- a carboxyl group can be converted to an ester.
- diazomethane or trimethylsilyldiazomethane is often used.
- a so-called condensing agent such as DCC can be allowed to act on the amine.
- a good chromatogram can be obtained by adding a small amount of ionic additives such as amines, acids, or mixtures thereof in the mobile phase. it can.
- polymers may be partly or wholly dissolved when a solvent that can originally dissolve them or a mixed solvent containing the same is used as a developing solvent, thereby impairing the function as a column.
- the polymer according to the present invention is preferably insolubilized. If the polymer is insolubilized, the choice of applicable developing solvent is expanded.
- any method of insolubilization may be used.
- a method in which a polymer is chemically bonded to the surface of the carrier and insolubilized can be mentioned.
- a reactive atomic group bonded to the surface of a carrier such as silica gel using a spacer such as a silane coupling agent can be bonded to the polymer and insolubilized.
- a silica gel bonded with an amino group is reacted with a polyester by aminopropylsilane treatment, any carbonyl group of the polyester forms an amide, and as a result, the polymer is bonded to the surface of the silica gel, so that insolubilization is possible.
- Silica gel bonded with an epoxy group can be expected to react with the carboxylic acid terminal of the polyester to bond the polymer.
- polyethersulfone having a chlorine atom at the end can be insolubilized by binding to a carrier such as silica gel by replacing chlorine with an amino group.
- the polyester can also be bonded to silica gel bonded with hydroxyl groups in the presence of a suitable acid catalyst such as sulfonic acids.
- some polyethersulfones have a phenolic hydroxyl group at the end, which is converted to phenolate with a suitable base such as an alkoxide, and then reacted with silica gel bonded with a halomethylphenyl group or an epoxy group.
- the polymer when a polymer is formed by polymerizing monomers on silica gel, the polymer can be bonded onto the silica gel by previously bonding an atomic group capable of participating in the polymerization to the surface of the silica gel.
- the polymer itself can be insolubilized instead of making a chemical bond with a carrier such as silica gel.
- a carrier such as silica gel.
- PET or the like can be insolubilized by crystallization simply by heat treatment.
- an insoluble cross-linked polymer can be obtained by adding an appropriate amount of a monomer having a polyfunctional polymerizable group (for example, a vinyl group or a silyl group).
- a monomer having a polyfunctional polymerizable group for example, a vinyl group or a silyl group.
- the reaction for forming the polymer main chain and the crosslinking reaction may be different.
- the polymer of the present invention includes a polymer having a vinyl group, and the vinyl group is radically polymerized after the polymer is formed.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polymer used in the present invention is 5 or more, preferably 100 or more, from the viewpoint of solubility.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited because there is no inconvenience due to the high degree of polymerization, but it is usually 10,000,000 or less.
- the average degree of polymerization can be measured by GPC.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polymer before treatment is applicable.
- the polymerization degree of the polymer cannot be applied as in the case of polymerizing the monomer on the carrier, the average polymerization degree is estimated.
- the basic methodology assumes that both the chemically bonded polymer and the polymerized but not chemically bonded polymer have the same degree of polymerization, and after the polymerization reaction on the support, only low molecular weight substances are first removed. After washing with a solvent to be dissolved, the polymer is washed with a solvent that dissolves the polymer, and GPC is performed on the extracted polymer.
- a reagent that dissolves the carrier under mild conditions if the carrier is silica gel, for example, methanol solution of ammonium hydrogen fluoride, etc.) eliminates the atomic groups that bind the carrier surface to the surface. And the obtained eluate is treated with hexamethyldisilazane or the like and then subjected to GPC analysis to measure the average degree of polymerization.
- the terminal is a carboxylic acid
- methods such as acid-base titration and analysis of the amount of cations bound after ion exchange are possible.
- the terminal is an alcohol
- an atomic group containing an element serving as an index may be introduced by esterification or carbamoylation, and the amount of the element introduced may be analyzed, but the surface of the silica gel is modified with an amino group
- it is necessary to inactivate it beforehand by chemical treatment selective for amino groups.
- the molecular weight degree of polymerization
- the polymer can be supported on a particulate or monolithic carrier to form a porous stationary phase.
- the polymer itself can be made into porous spherical or amorphous particles, can be made into a so-called monolith that is a porous monolith with continuous pores, or can be used as a porous membrane shape.
- the porous and porous in the present invention the specific surface area of the surface measured by BET method using nitrogen adsorption 5 ⁇ 1000m 2 / g, those preferably 10 ⁇ 500m 2 / g Say. If the specific surface area of the stationary phase is in the above range, it is advantageous for the separation of low molecular weight compounds, and it is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing tailing.
- the specific surface area of the stationary phase corresponds to the specific surface area of the support to be used. That's fine.
- the carrier is, for example, silica gel, it can be prepared by selecting an appropriate product.
- the specific surface area does not change more than an error before and after the loading, and therefore the specific surface area of the stationary phase can be regarded as the same as the specific surface area of the carrier used.
- the polymer when the polymer is in the form of particles or monolith, as a method for adjusting the specific surface area of the stationary phase, for example, in suspension polymerization, it dissolves in a mixture of monomers but is inactive in the polymerization reaction.
- the specific surface area can be increased by adding, as a diluent, an organic solvent that does not dissolve the produced polymer.
- examples of the carrier when the polymer is supported on a carrier, examples of the carrier include a porous organic carrier and a porous inorganic carrier, and a porous inorganic carrier is preferable.
- Suitable as the porous organic carrier is a polymer substance selected from polystyrene, poly (meth) acrylamide, poly (meth) acrylate, etc.
- suitable as the porous inorganic carrier is silica gel, alumina, zirconia, Examples include titania, magnesia, glass, kaolin, titanium oxide, silicate, and hydroxyapatite.
- Preferred carriers are silica gel, alumina, or glass.
- the average particle size of such a carrier is usually from 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably from 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and the average pore size is usually from 10 to 10000 mm, preferably from 50 to 1000 mm.
- the specific surface area of the carrier is usually 5 to 1000 m 2 / g, preferably 10 to 500 m 2 / g. In general, when a polymer is supported on a carrier, the specific surface area does not change more than an error before and after the loading, so the average particle size of the stationary phase can be regarded as the same as the average particle size of the carrier used. it can.
- the carrier may be used as it is, but by subjecting the surface to chemical treatment, excessive adsorption of the substance to be separated onto the carrier itself can be suppressed, and chemical bonding of the polymer can be facilitated.
- chemical treatment include silane coupling agents and aminopropylsilane treatment as described in the insolubilization method.
- the average thickness of the supported the polymer to the carrier is usually 2/10 5 ⁇ 2/10 7 ( ⁇ m), preferably from 4/10 5 to 5/10 7. If it is the said range, there exists a tendency for a peak to become sharp, and it is preferable.
- the polymer As a method of supporting the polymer on a particulate or monolithic carrier, the polymer is dissolved in a solvent, applied to the carrier, sprayed, immersed, etc., and then the solvent is removed by passing under reduced pressure or air current, and the polymer is removed.
- carrier surface is mentioned.
- the solvent an appropriate solvent that can dissolve the polymer to be used may be selected.
- 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol may be used, and a polyether may be used.
- the sulfone include dichloromethane.
- a polymer precursor is impregnated on a carrier together with an appropriate catalyst if necessary, and polymerized.
- Examples of the method of supporting the polymer on a particulate or monolithic carrier include a method of supporting the polymer on a carrier by chemical bonding.
- the method of supporting the carrier by chemical bonding is the same as the above-described method for insolubilizing the polymer.
- the ratio (%) of the mass part of the polymer contained in 100 parts by mass of the stationary phase is preferably 1 to 50%, more preferably 10 to 30%.
- a suspension polymerization method is an example of a method in which the polymer itself is used as a stationary phase of porous spherical or amorphous particles.
- a ready-made polymer solution is suspended in a liquid immiscible with the solution, the solvent is gradually diffused and removed, the polymer is precipitated using a precipitating agent, and the solution is gelled by temperature change, etc.
- a method is mentioned.
- an appropriate amount of a substance that is not compatible with the polymer but dissolves in the solvent in which the polymer is dissolved is added, and the particles are solidified and then washed and extracted. It is effective. It can also be made porous by causing spinodal decomposition during polymerization or gelation due to temperature changes.
- the average particle size of the stationary phase is usually 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the stationary phase is usually 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m. The above range is preferable in terms of the balance between good column efficiency and liquid permeability of the packed bed.
- the average particle diameter refers to the diameter of a sphere, and in the case of an amorphous particle, the average particle diameter is represented by the diameter of a sphere that is equal to the particle volume.
- the average particle diameter can be measured by a device that uses a microscope image, for example, Mastersizer 2000E manufactured by Malvern.
- the monolith which is an integral porous structure having many through-holes (continuous pores) instead of particles as a stationary phase
- the monolith is also expanding its application.
- the conditions described as the method for forming the porous particles are applied not in a suspended state but in a suitable container or the like, it can be made into a porous monolith by a phase separation process.
- the polymer can be supported on an existing monolithic carrier.
- the material for the monolith carrier the same materials as those used for the carrier described above can be used. It is important that the monolith does not create a gap or a consolidated part with the container (analysis column), and an existing methodology can be used for this purpose.
- an integrated inorganic porous material is formed by a sol-gel method in which a metal alkoxide is used as a starting material, and an appropriate coexisting substance is added to the material to form a structure having a solvent-rich phase that becomes a large pore. It is described that can be manufactured.
- the aspect ratio is 2 or less, preferably 1.5 or less. Since the closer to the true sphere, the better, the lower limit is not particularly limited to 1.
- the aspect ratio is measured as follows. Arbitrary observation of 10 or more independent primary particles (not in contact with or overlapping with any other particles) by directly observing the sample with an electron microscope or optical microscope while being randomly distributed on the observation table In this screen, for each individual primary particle in the screen, the major axis and the minor axis (the length of the longest part perpendicular to the major axis) are obtained, and the ratio of both is taken as the aspect ratio of the individual particles.
- the aspect ratio in the present invention is an arithmetic average of the aspect ratios of all the independent primary particles in the screen.
- the primary particles are particles that can clearly observe the interface between the particles. Usually, observation is carried out by appropriately dispersing so as to avoid the overlap of primary particles on the sample stage, but accidental overlap is unavoidable, and there are also bulk particles in which multiple primary particles are aggregated. Is removed from the observation.
- the stationary phase of the present invention can be used for supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and liquid chromatography such as HPLC.
- silica gel treatment with aminopropylsilane Three types of silica gel having an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m and pore sizes of 120, 300, and 700 mm, respectively, were aminopropylated by the following procedure. After 14 g of silica gel was vacuum-dried at 100 ° C., it was dispersed in 150 mL of toluene, and a part of toluene (about 30 mL) was removed by distillation until the condensate was not turbid.
- silica gel was collected by a glass filter, which was washed once with 70 mL of toluene and twice with 70 mL of dichloromethane, and then vacuum-dried.
- a micrograph of the obtained silica gel (with a pore size of 120 mm) is shown in FIG.
- the average aspect ratio of 22 shots on an arbitrary screen was approximately 1.0.
- the specific surface area of three types of silica gel (average pore diameter 120, 300, 700 mm) was measured by the BET method, they were 320 m 2 / g, 98 m 2 / g, and 35 m 2 / g, respectively.
- Example 1 3.53 g of aminopropylsilane-treated silica gel (average particle size 5 ⁇ m, average pore size 300 mm) obtained in Preparation Example 1 was placed in a flask, and 1.85 g of methyl 4-hydroxymethylbenzoate, toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate A solution obtained by dissolving 126 mg of the Japanese product in 1 mL of methanol and 7 mL of dichloromethane was absorbed, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Finally, while reducing the pressure to 1 Torr, the flask was heated in an oil bath, the temperature was gradually raised from 100 ° C., and finally maintained at 150 ° C. for 5 hours.
- the obtained powder was dispersed in 30 mL of methanol to which a solution of 63 mg of ammonium hydrogen carbonate in water was added, filtered and collected with a glass filter, and then washed with 50 mL of methanol four times.
- the dried product was further washed three times with 50 mL of NMP, dispersed in a mixed solution of 15 mL of methanol and 10 mL of toluene, added with 0.5 mL of a 10% hexane solution of trimethylsilyldiazomethane, and left overnight. Thereafter, it was washed with an appropriate amount of methanol and vacuum-dried.
- the carbon content of the obtained silica gel was 9.28% by mass and that of the raw silica gel was 1.3% by mass, about 11.4% by mass of poly (4-oxymethylbenzoyl) was bonded. It was estimated that The resulting poly (4-oxymethylbenzoyl) -bonded silica gel had a specific surface area of 98 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 2 shows the separation of terphenyl isomers and triphenylene by HPLC with polyoxymethylbenzoyl as stationary phase. In the order of the peaks, ortho, meta, para, and triphenylene.
- the column size is 2.1 mm ⁇ ⁇ 150 mm, and the mobile phase is hexane / 2-propanol 9: 1 v / v 0.21 mL / min.
- Preparation Example 2 In the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, silica gel having a pore size of 300 mm was treated with glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane instead of aminopropyltriethoxysilane. However, at this time, after adding the silane treating agent, the temperature was maintained at 93 ° C., and toluene was not distilled off. The carbon content of the obtained silica gel was 1.21% by mass.
- Example 2 0.80 g of 4-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid and 48.6 mg of p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid were dissolved in 6.1 mL of THF, and 2.4 g of silica gel obtained in Preparation Example 2 was mixed therein, and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. . While continuing to reduce pressure (5 Torr), the temperature was gradually increased from 100 ° C. to 148 ° C. in 3 hours, and this was maintained for 2.5 hours. After cooling, 20 mL of methanol containing 200 mg of pyridine was poured to disperse the silica gel and collected by filtration with a glass filter.
- the silica gel was further washed 5 times with a total of 200 mL of methanol. Further, the dispersion and filtration were repeated three times with 40 mL of NMP, followed by sequential washing with 40 mL of acetone, 40 mL of methanol, 40 mL of a hexane / acetone equivalent volume mixture, and vacuum drying.
- the resulting silica gel had a carbon content of 6.76% by mass. Since the carbon content of the silica gel before the supporting treatment was 1.21% by mass, the polymer content of the product was calculated to be 7.9% by mass.
- the resulting stationary phase had a specific surface area of 98 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which the stationary phase is packed in a column (4.6 mm ⁇ ⁇ 150 mm) by the slurry method, and aromatic hydrocarbons are analyzed by HPLC and SFC.
- the upper part of FIG. 3 is HPLC of hexane / 2-propanol (100: 1 v / v) 1 mL / min 25 ° C. From the left, the peaks are o-terphenyl, m- and p-terphenyl (overlapping), and triphenylene. Detection was performed at UV 254 nm. 3 lower row, CO 2 / methanol: an SFC by (97 3 v / v).
- Example 3 (PES chemical coating) Dissolve 1.0 g of PES (Sumica Excel 4800P, weight average molecular weight 42000) with chlorine at the end in a mixed solution of 7.2 mL of dichloromethane and 0.8 mL of methanol. Silica gel (average particle size 5 ⁇ m, pore size 700 mm, specific surface area 35 m) 2 / g, aminopropylsilane treatment) and 4.0 g. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and a powdery stationary phase that was visually different from that before the supporting treatment was obtained.
- PES Sudica Excel 4800P, weight average molecular weight 42000
- the resulting stationary phase had a specific surface area of 35 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- Example 4 A spherical silica gel 4 having an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m, a pore diameter of 120 ⁇ m, and a specific surface area of 320 m 2 / g, obtained by dissolving 1.0 g of the same PES as in Example 3 in a mixed solution of 7.2 mL of dichloromethane and 0.8 mL of methanol. Mixed with 0.0 g. After removing the solvent in the same manner, the container was depressurized (5 mmHg) and kept at 194 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the obtained powder was dispersed, filtered, and washed in three portions by a total of about 100 mL of a mixed solution of dichloromethane and methanol (9: 1 v / v).
- the obtained stationary phase had a carbon content of 11.65% in elemental analysis. Since the carbon content of the silica gel before the supporting treatment was 3.7% by mass, the PES content of the product was calculated to be 12.4% by mass.
- the obtained stationary phase had a specific surface area of 320 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- silica gel average particle size 5 ⁇ m, pore size 300 mm, specific surface area 98 m 2 / g
- Example 5 PES 5.0 g (Sumika Excel 5003PS, weight average molecular weight 45500) whose end is phenol was dissolved in 40 mL of dehydrated DMSO under a nitrogen atmosphere, and 56 mg of potassium tertiary oxide was added. To 15 g of this solution, 40 mg of tetrabutylammonium iodide and 2.3 g of silica gel of Preparation Example 3 were added and kept at 100 ° C. for 9 hours with stirring.
- the silica gel was filtered off from the dispersion with a glass filter, washed 5 times with 30 mL DMSO, 3 times with 30 mL dichloromethane-methanol (9: 1 v / v), and finally 5 times with 30 mL methanol and vacuum dried. Since the carbon content of the obtained stationary phase was 2.56% by mass and the carbon content of the silica gel treated with chloromethylphenylethylsilane was 1.85% by mass, the PES content of the product was 1.18% by mass. calculated. Moreover, the specific surface area of the obtained stationary phase was 98 m ⁇ 2 > / g, and the average particle diameter was considered to be 5 micrometers.
- Example 6 Polysulfone (UDEL P1700 NT11, weight average molecular weight Mw 47000) 0.258 g was dissolved in 5.0 mL of THF, and this solution was silica gel (particle size 5 ⁇ m, pore size 700 mm, specific surface area 35 m 2 / g, aminopropylsilane treatment) 2 .3 g was absorbed twice and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a stationary phase that was not visually different from that before the treatment. Since elution of the polymer into the washing solvent and separation of the silica gel and the polymer were not observed, it is considered that almost the entire amount of the polymer was supported on the silica gel. The resulting stationary phase had a specific surface area of 35 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- Example 7 1. Dissolve 0.5185 g of polycarbonate (L1225Y manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd.) in 10 mL of dichloromethane, and divide this solution into two portions to obtain silica gel (particle size 5 ⁇ m, pore size 700 mm, specific surface area 35 m 2 / g, aminopropylsilane treatment) After absorbing to 0 g, the solvent was repeatedly distilled off under reduced pressure. Finally, a powder stationary phase containing some agglomerates was obtained. Since elution of the polymer into the washing solvent and separation of the silica gel and the polymer were not observed, it is considered that almost the entire amount of the polymer was supported on the silica gel. The resulting stationary phase had a specific surface area of 35 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- Example 8 1.25 g of PBT (Duranex 300FP) was dissolved in 7 mL of hexafluoro-2-propanol.
- silica gel average particle size of about 5 [mu] m, respectively pore diameter respectively 120,300,700A (specific surface area, which was 320m 2 / g, 98m 2 / g, aminopropyl silanized of 35m 2 / g), and the average
- the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- the silica gel became powdery, and there was no visible difference from before coating with PBT, and the specific surface area and average particle diameter were considered to be equivalent. Since elution of the polymer into the washing solvent and separation of the silica gel and the polymer were not observed, it is considered that almost the entire amount of the polymer was supported on the silica gel.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of separation by HPLC and SFC of a stationary phase prepared using aminopropylsilane treatment and silica gel having a pore size of 700 mm.
- the upper part of FIG. 4 is HPLC of hexane / 2-propanol (100: 1 v / v) 1 mL / min 25 ° C. From the left, the peaks are o-terphenyl, m-terphenyl, p-terphenyl, and triphenylene. Detection was performed at UV 254 nm.
- Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 8, 1.02 g of PBT was dissolved in 7.0 mL of hexafluoro-2-propanol and supported on 3 g of silica gel (particle size 5 ⁇ m, pore size 300 mm, treated with aminopropylsilane). The obtained powder was gradually heated in a flask under a reduced pressure of 5 Torr and kept at 198 ° C. for 3 hours. Thereafter, cooling, dispersing in 30 mL of hexafluoro-2-propanol for 30 minutes, and filtration were repeated 4 times. Furthermore, after washing 3 times with 30 mL of methanol, it was vacuum-dried.
- the resulting stationary phase had a specific surface area of 98 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 5 shows a chromatogram obtained by column-packing the obtained stationary phase in the same manner as in Example 2.
- FIG. 5 is an SFC with CO 2 / methanol (97: 3 v / v). Flow rate: 4 mL / min, temperature: 40 ° C., back pressure: 150 bar. From the left, the peaks are o-terphenyl, m-terphenyl, p-terphenyl, and triphenylene. Detection was performed at UV 254 nm.
- Example 10 Dissolve 0.5 g of PET (TR8550FF manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd.) in 8 mL of hexafluoro-2-propanol, and divide the resulting solution into two portions of 2.06 g of silica gel (particle size 5 ⁇ m, pore size 700 mm, treated with aminopropylsilane) ) In the same manner as in Example 8. Since elution of the polymer into the washing solvent and separation of the silica gel and the polymer were not observed, it is considered that almost the entire amount of the polymer was supported on the silica gel. The resulting stationary phase had a specific surface area of 35 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 6 is an SFC with CO 2 / methanol (97: 3 v / v). Flow rate: 4 mL / min, temperature: 40 ° C., back pressure: 150 bar. From the left, the peaks are o-terphenyl, m-terphenyl, p-terphenyl, and triphenylene. Detection was performed at UV 254 nm.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of comparison of separation between the 2-ethylpyridine separating agent generalized in SFC and the stationary phase of the present invention.
- the upper row is Waters, Viridis Silica 2-Ethylpyridine 5 ⁇ m
- the lower row is a column packed with the stationary phase of Example 10 (each 0.46 mm ⁇ ⁇ 15 cm), and the separation of the acetyl substitution product of anthracene and phenanthrene was evaluated by SFC.
- Mobile phase CO 2 -methanol (9: 1 v / v), flow rate: 4.0 mL / min, temperature: 40 ° C., back pressure: 150 bar.
- the initial number indicates the position of the substituent
- Ac indicates acetyl
- Phe indicates phenanthrene
- Anth indicates anthracene.
- the stationary phase of the present invention clearly shows better resolution than 2-ethylpyridine for substitutional position isomers that are similar in structure. Since polymers with an aromatic ring or dipolar atomic group are regularly arranged to some extent, it is considered that an adsorption field sensitive to the shape of the molecule is formed.
- Example 11 The product obtained in Preparation Example 4 was dissolved in hexafluoro-2-propanol in the same manner as in Example 8, and supported on silica gel treated with trimethylsilane and having a pore size of 120 mm.
- the resulting stationary phase had a specific surface area of 320 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- the obtained stationary phase was packed in a column having an inner diameter of 4.6 mm and a length of 150 mm, and subjected to SFC (conditions are the same as in Example 10).
- Example 12 The product obtained in Preparation Example 5 was supported on silica gel having a pore size of 120 mm treated with trimethylsilane using dichloromethane in the same manner as in Example 11.
- the resulting stationary phase had a specific surface area of 320 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- the obtained stationary phase was packed in a column having an inner diameter of 4.6 mm and a length of 150 mm, and anthracene and phenanthrene under HPLC conditions (hexane / 2-propanol 90:10 (v / v), 1.0 mL / min, 25 ° C.).
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Abstract
Description
(1)主鎖の繰り返し単位に、主鎖の一部をなす芳香族環と、主鎖の一部をなす双極性原子団とを有するポリマーを含む固定相であって、その比表面積が5~1000m2/gであることを特徴とする固定相。
(2)前記ポリマーが、ポリエステル、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、またはポリカーボネートであることを特徴とする、(1)に記載の固定相。
(3)前記ポリマーがポリエステルであることを特徴とする、(2)に記載の固定相。
(4)前記ポリエステルが、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、ポリエチレンイソフタレート、ポリ(2,2-ジメチルプロパン-1,3-ジイルテレフタレート)、またはポリ-4-オキシメチルベンゾイルであることを特徴とする(3)に記載の固定相。
(5)前記ポリマーが、比表面積が5~1000m2/gの担体に担持して成ることを特徴とする(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の固定相。
(6)粒子状であることを特徴とする、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の固定相。
(7)平均粒径が0.1μm~1000μmであることを特徴とする、(6)に記載の固定相。
(8)モノリス状であることを特徴とする、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の固定相。
(9)超臨界流体クロマトグラフィー用であることを特徴とする、(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の固定相。
本発明の固定相は、主鎖の繰り返し単位に、主鎖の一部をなす芳香族環と、主鎖の一部をなす双極性原子団とを有するポリマーを含む。
シリカゲル等の担体の表面にシランカップリング剤等のスペーサーを用いて結合した反応性原子団をポリマーに結合させ、不溶化することができる。例えば、アミノプロピルシラン処理によってアミノ基を結合したシリカゲルとポリエステルとを反応させると、ポリエステルのいずれかのカルボニル基がアミドを形成し、結果的にシリカゲル表面にポリマーを結合することで不溶化が可能である。またエポキシ基を結合したシリカゲルは、ポリエステルのカルボン酸末端と反応してポリマーを結合することが期待できる。
一方、担体上でモノマーを重合させるような場合等のように、ポリマーの重合度を当てはめられない場合には、平均重合度を推定する。その基本的な方法論は、化学結合したポリマーも、ポリマー化はしたものの化学結合していないポリマーも、同じ重合度であると仮定し、担体上での重合反応の後に、まず低分子量物質のみを溶かす溶媒で洗浄した後、該ポリマーを溶解する溶媒で洗浄し、抽出されたポリマーについてGPCを行う。
上記ポリマーを粒子状又はモノリス状の担体に担持させて多孔質の固定相とすることができる。ポリマー自体を多孔質の球状または不定形の粒子としたり、連続孔を持った多孔質の一体であるいわゆるモノリスとしたり、または多孔質の膜形状として利用することが出来る。ここで、本発明でいう多孔質および多孔性とは、窒素吸着を用いるBET法により測定されるその表面の比表面積が5~1000m2/g、好ましくは10~500m2/gであるものをいう。固定相の比表面積が上記範囲であれば、低分子化合物の分離に有利であり、また、テーリングを防ぐという観点から好ましい。
担体はそのままでも良いが、表面を化学処理することによって、担体自体への分離対象物質の過剰な吸着を抑制でき、また、ポリマーの化学結合を容易にすることができる。化学処理としては、不溶化の方法で述べたような、シランカップリング剤、アミノプロピルシラン処理等が挙げられる。
また、ポリマーの先駆体を必要なら適切な触媒と共に担体に含浸させ、重合させる方法が挙げられる。
一方、ポリマーを多孔質の粒子とする場合には、固定相の平均粒径は、通常0.1μm~1000μm、好ましくは5μm~500μm、より好ましくは10μm~200μmである。上記範囲であることが、良好なカラム効率と、充填層の液透過性のバランスにおいて好ましい。
アスペクト比は以下のとおりに測定する。試料を観察台上に無作為に散布した状態で真上から電子顕微鏡あるいは光学顕微鏡によって観察し、独立した(他のどの粒子とも接触あるいは重複していない)一次粒子が10個以上観察される任意の画面において、画面内の個々の独立した一次粒子に対し、長軸および短軸(長軸に垂直で最も長い部分の長さ)を求め、両者の比を個別粒子のアスペクト比とする。画面内のすべての独立した一次粒子に対するアスペクト比を相加平均したものを、本発明におけるアスペクト比とする。一次粒子とは、粒子間の界面が明瞭に観察することができる粒子のことである。通常、観察は試料台上での一次粒子の重なりを避けるように適度に分散させて行うが、偶発的重なりは避けがたく、また、複数の一次粒子が凝集したバルク状粒子もあるが、これらは観察対象から除かれる。
(シリカゲルのアミノプロピルシラン処理)
平均粒径5μm、それぞれ120、300、700Åの細孔径を持った3種のシリカゲルを、以下の手順でアミノプロピル化した。シリカゲル14gを100℃にて真空乾燥した後、トルエン150mLに分散し、トルエンの一部(約30mL)を、凝縮液に濁りがなくなるまで蒸留で除いた。シリカゲルを分散した液にアミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン7mLを添加し、8時間に亘り適量ずつ約200mLのトルエンを追加しながら約200mLを留去した。液を冷却後、グラスフィルターによりシリカゲルを捕集し、これをトルエン70mLで1回、ジクロロメタン70mLで2回洗浄した後、真空乾燥した。
また、3種のシリカゲル(平均細孔径120、300、700Å)の比表面積をBET法で測定したところ、それぞれ、320m2/g、98m2/g、35m2/gであった。
調製例1で得たアミノプロピルシラン処理シリカゲル(平均粒子径5μm、平均細孔径300Å)3.53gをフラスコに採り、これに対し、4-ヒドロキシメチル安息香酸メチル1.85g、トルエンスルホン酸一水和物126mgをメタノール1mL、ジクロロメタン7mLに溶かした液を吸収させ、減圧により溶媒を除いた。最後に1Torrに減圧しながら、フラスコをオイルバスで加温、温度を100℃から徐々に上げ、最終的に5時間、150℃に保った。熱処理終了後、得られた粉末を炭酸水素アンモニウム63mgを水に溶かした液を加えたメタノール30mLに分散、グラスフィルターによるろ過回収の後、50mLのメタノールで4回洗浄した。乾燥後の生成物をさらにNMP 50mLにより3回洗浄後、メタノール15mL、トルエン10mLの混合液に分散、トリメチルシリルジアゾメタンの10%ヘキサン溶液0.5mLを加え、1夜放置した。その後、メタノール適量で洗浄し、真空乾燥した。
得られたシリカゲルの炭素含量は9.28質量%であり、原料シリカゲルのそれは1.3質量%であったことから、約11.4質量%のポリ(4-オキシメチルベンゾイル)が結合しているものと推定された。
得られたポリ(4-オキシメチルベンゾイル)結合シリカゲルの比表面積は98m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
調製例1と同様にして、アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランに代えて、グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシランにより、細孔径300Åのシリカゲルを処理した。ただし、この時にはシラン処理剤を加えて以降は温度を93℃に維持し、トルエンの留去は行わなかった。得られたシリカゲルの炭素含量は1.21質量%であった。
4-ヒドロキシメチル安息香酸0.80gとp-クロロベンゼンスルホン酸48.6mgを、THF 6.1mLに溶かし、ここに調製例2で得たシリカゲル2.4gを混ぜ、減圧下に溶媒を留去した。減圧(5Torr)を継続しながら100℃から徐々に温度を上げ、3時間で148℃にし、これを2.5時間維持した。冷却後、ピリジン200mgを含むメタノール20mLを注ぎ、シリカゲルを分散させ、グラスフィルターでろ集した。シリカゲルをさらに5回、計200mLのメタノールで洗浄した。さらにNMP 40mLで3回分散、ろ集を繰り返した後、アセトン40mL、メタノール40mL、ヘキサン/アセトン等容混合液40mLで逐次洗浄、真空乾燥した。得られたシリカゲルの炭素含量は6.76質量%であった。担持処理前のシリカゲルの炭素含量が1.21質量%であったことから、生成物のポリマー含量は7.9質量%と計算された。得られた固定相の比表面積は98m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
図3上段はヘキサン/2-プロパノール(100:1 v/v) 1mL/min 25℃のHPLCである。ピークは左からo-テルフェニル、m-およびp-テルフェニル(重なっている)、トリフェニレンである。検出はUV 254nmで行った。
図3下段は、CO2/メタノール(97:3 v/v)によるSFCである。流速:4ml/min、温度:40℃、背圧:150barで行った。ピークは左からo-テルフェニル、m-テルフェニル、p-テルフェニル、トリフェニレンである。検出はUV 254nmで行った。
(PES化学コーティング)
末端が塩素であるPES(スミカエクセル 4800P、重量平均分子量42000)1.0gをジクロロメタン7.2mL、メタノール0.8mLの混合液に溶解し、シリカゲル(平均粒径5μm、細孔径700Å、比表面積35m2/g、アミノプロピルシラン処理)4.0gと混合した。減圧により溶媒を除去し、可視的には担持処理前と差のない粉状の固定相を得た。洗浄溶媒へのポリマーの溶出やシリカゲルとポリマーの分離は認められなかったため、ポリマーほぼ全量がシリカゲル上に担持されたと考えられる。得られた固定相の比表面積は35m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
実施例3と同じPES1.0gをジクロロメタン7.2mL、メタノール0.8mLの混合液に溶解し、アミノプロピルシラン処理した平均粒径5μm、細孔径120Å、比表面積320m2/g、の球状シリカゲル4.0gと混合した。同様にして溶媒を除去した後、容器を減圧し(5mmHg)、194℃に3時間保持した。得られた粉末を、ジクロロメタンとメタノールの混合液(9:1 v/v)計約100mLにより、3回に分けて分散、ろ過、洗浄した。得られた固定相は、元素分析における炭素含量は11.65%であった。担持処理前のシリカゲルの炭素含量が3.7質量%であったことから、生成物のPES含量は12.4質量%と計算された。また、得られた固定相の比表面積は320m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
シリカゲル(平均粒径5μm、細孔径300Å、比表面積98m2/g)7.0gをトルエン200mLに分散し、精留管を取り付け、撹拌しながら該トルエンの内、約100mLを蒸留除去した。シリカゲルの分散液を室温近くまで冷却した後、クロロメチルフェニルエチルトリメトキシシラン6.18gおよび酢酸0.33gを添加、バス温125℃でトルエン30mLをゆっくり留去した。反応液を冷却した後、シリカゲルをグラスフィルターに濾し取り、30mLのトルエンで4回、40mLのメタノールで3回洗浄し、真空乾燥した。
末端がフェノールであるPES5.0g(スミカエクセル 5003PS。重量平均分子量45500)を窒素雰囲気下に脱水DMSO 40mLに溶解し、カリウムターシャリブトキシド56mgを加えた。この溶液15gに、ヨウ化テトラブチルアンモニウム40mg、調製例3のシリカゲル2.3gを加え、撹拌しながら9時間、100℃に保った。冷却後、分散液からグラスフィルターでシリカゲルを濾し取り、30mLのDMSOで5回、ジクロロメタン-メタノール(9:1v/v)30mLで3回、最後にメタノール30mLで5回洗浄し、真空乾燥した。得られた固定相の炭素含量は2.56質量%、クロロメチルフェニルエチルシラン処理したシリカゲルの炭素含量が1.85質量%であったことから、生成物のPES含量は1.18質量%と計算された。また、得られた固定相の比表面積は98m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
ポリスルホン(UDEL P1700 NT11, 重量平均分子量Mw 47000)0.258gをTHF 5.0mLに溶解し、この溶液をシリカゲル(粒径5μm、細孔径700Å、比表面積35m2/g、アミノプロピルシラン処理)2.3gに対し、2回に分けて吸収および減圧による溶媒留去を行い、可視的には処理前と違いのない固定相を得た。洗浄溶媒へのポリマーの溶出やシリカゲルとポリマーの分離は認められなかったため、ポリマーほぼ全量がシリカゲル上に担持されたと考えられる。得られた固定相の比表面積は35m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
ポリカーボネート(帝人化成社製L1225Y)0.5185gをジクロロメタン10mLに溶解し、この溶液を2回に分けてシリカゲル(粒径5μm、細孔径700Å、比表面積35m2/g、アミノプロピルシラン処理)2.0gに吸収させては、溶媒を減圧留去することを繰り返した。最後に、多少の凝集物を含む粉体の固定相を得た。洗浄溶媒へのポリマーの溶出やシリカゲルとポリマーの分離は認められなかったため、ポリマーほぼ全量がシリカゲル上に担持されたと考えられる。得られた固定相の比表面積は35m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
PBT(Duranex300FP) 1.25gをヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノール7mLに溶解した。ここにシリカゲル(平均粒子径約5μm、細孔径それぞれ120、300、700Å(比表面積はそれぞれ、320m2/g、98m2/g、35m2/g)のアミノプロピルシラン処理をしたもの、および平均粒子径約5μm、細孔径300Å、比表面積98m2/g、トリメチルシラン処理のもの(計4種類))2.3gを加え、混和した後、減圧で溶媒を留去した。いずれの場合もシリカゲルは粉状となり、PBTをコーティングする前と可視的な違いはなく、比表面積、平均粒径も同等とみなされた。洗浄溶媒へのポリマーの溶出やシリカゲルとポリマーの分離は認められなかったため、ポリマーほぼ全量がシリカゲル上に担持されたと考えられる。
図4上段はヘキサン/2-プロパノール(100:1 v/v) 1mL/min 25℃のHPLCである。ピークは左からo-テルフェニル、m-テルフェニル、p-テルフェニル、トリフェニレンである。検出はUV 254nmで行った。
図4下段は、CO2/メタノール(97:3 v/v)によるSFCである。流速:4mL/min、温度:40℃、背圧:150barで行った。ピークは左からo-テルフェニル、m-テルフェニル、p-テルフェニル、トリフェニレンである。検出はUV 254nmで行った。
実施例8と同じ要領で、PBT1.02gをヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノール7.0mLに溶解し、シリカゲル(粒径5μm、細孔径300Å、アミノプロピルシラン処理)3gに担持した。得られた粉末をフラスコ中、5Torrの減圧下に、徐々に加温し、3時間、198℃に保った。この後冷却し、30mLのヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノールに30分間分散、ろ別する操作を4回繰り返した。さらにメタノール30mLで3回洗浄した後、真空乾燥した。得られた粉末の炭素含量は17.27質量%であり、アミノプロピルシラン処理シリカゲルのそれが1.3質量%であったことから、生成物のPBT含量は24.9質量%と計算された。得られた固定相の比表面積は98m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
図5はCO2/メタノール(97:3 v/v)によるSFCである。流速:4mL/min、温度:40℃、背圧:150barで行った。ピークは左からo-テルフェニル、m-テルフェニル、p-テルフェニル、トリフェニレンである。検出はUV 254nmで行った。
PET(帝人化成社製TR8550FF)0.5gをヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノール8mLに溶かし、得られた溶液を2回に分けて2.06gのシリカゲル(粒径5μm、細孔径700Å、アミノプロピルシラン処理)に実施例8と同様にして担持した。洗浄溶媒へのポリマーの溶出やシリカゲルとポリマーの分離は認められなかったため、ポリマーほぼ全量がシリカゲル上に担持されたと考えられる。得られた固定相の比表面積は35m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
得られた固定相をカラムに充填して、SFCを行った例を図6に示す。
図6はCO2/メタノール(97:3 v/v)によるSFCである。流速:4mL/min、温度:40℃、背圧:150barで行った。ピークは左からo-テルフェニル、m-テルフェニル、p-テルフェニル、トリフェニレンである。検出はUV 254nmで行った。
図7は、SFCにおいて一般化している2-エチルピリジン分離剤と本発明の固定相とで分離の比較を行った例を示したものである。上段は、Waters, Viridis Silica 2-Ethylpyridine 5μm 下段は実施例10の固定相を充填したカラム(それぞれ0.46mmΦx15cm)でアントラセンとフェナントレンのアセチル置換体の分離をSFCによって評価したものである。移動相:CO2-メタノール(9:1 v/v)、流速:4.0mL/min、温度:40℃、背圧:150barで行った。帰属を示す略記は、冒頭数字は置換基の位置、Acはアセチル、Pheはフェナントレン、Anthはアントラセンを示す。
本発明の固定相は、明らかに、構造のよく似た置換位置異性体に対し、2-エチルピリジンよりもよい分離能を示している。芳香族環や双極性原子団を配した高分子が、ある程度規則的に配列することから、分子の形に対して敏感な吸着場が形成されているものと考えられる。
(ポリエチレンイソフタレート)
三口フラスコにイソフタロイルクロリド3.320g、トシルクロリド0.152g、乾燥ピリジン20mLを加えた後、空間に窒素を通気した。これを撹拌しながら、エチレングリコール1.240gと乾燥ピリジン10mLの混合液を滴下ロートから30分の時間をかけて滴下した。1時間放置した後、30分間60℃に加温した。反応液を冷却した後、撹拌しながら200mLの水の中に流し込んだ。生成した白色沈殿をグラスフィルターによって濾し採り、さらに200mLの水に分散、ろ別した。これをメタノール各100mLにより3回洗浄し、真空乾燥することにより、2.8gの白色粉状の生成物を得た。
調製例4で得た生成物を実施例8と同様にヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノールに溶解し、トリメチルシラン処理した細孔径120Åのシリカゲルに担持した。得られた固定相の比表面積は320m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
得られた固定相を内径4.6mm、長さ150mmのカラムに充填し、SFCをおこなったところ(条件は実施例10と同じ)o-テルフェニル、m-テルフェニル、p-テルフェニル、トリフェニレンは、それぞれ1.15分、1.83分、1.95分、7.61分に溶出し、m-およびp-テルフェニル異性体を除けば良好な分離が得られた。
(ポリ(2,2-ジメチルプロパン-1,3-ジイルテレフタレート))
2,2-ジメチルプロパン-1,3-ジオール 1.258g、テレフタロイルクロリド2.452g、トシルクロリド33mgをナス型フラスコに入れ、空間を乾燥窒素で置換した後、脱水ピリジン25mLを加え、撹拌しながら60℃、80℃、100℃にそれぞれ2時間保った。反応液を冷却後、砕氷約300g上に注ぐと、白色沈殿を形成した。これをグラスフィルター上でそれぞれ水100mLにより3回、さらにメタノールそれぞれ80mLにより3回洗浄し、真空乾燥することにより、2.72gの白色粉末を得た。全量をジクロロメタン15mLに溶解し、2-プロパノール100mL中に加えて再沈殿したところ、チューインガム状の沈殿を生じ、これは次第に固化し、もろい塊となった。真空乾燥により、2.21gの粉末を与えた。
調製例5で得た生成物を実施例11と同様に、ジクロロメタンを用いてトリメチルシラン処理した細孔径120Åのシリカゲルに担持した。得られた固定相の比表面積は320m2/gであり、平均粒径は5μmとみなされた。
得られた固定相を内径4.6mm、長さ150mmのカラムに充填し、HPLC条件(ヘキサン/2-プロパノール 90:10(v/v)、1.0mL/min、25℃)でアントラセン及びフェナントレンのモノアセチル置換体の分析を行ったところ、9-アセチルアントラセンが4.5分、9-アセチルフェナントレンが5.8分、3-アセチルフェナントレンが6.4分、2-アセチルアントラセンと2-アセチルフェナントレンが重なって8.3分に溶出した。
9AcPhe 9-アセチルフェナントレン
3AcPhe 3-アセチルフェナントレン
2AcPhe 2-アセチルフェナントレン
2AcAnth 2-アセチルアントラセン
Claims (9)
- 主鎖の繰り返し単位に、主鎖の一部をなす芳香族環と、主鎖の一部をなす双極性原子団とを有するポリマーを含む固定相であって、その比表面積が5~1000m2/gであることを特徴とする固定相。
- 前記ポリマーが、ポリエステル、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、またはポリカーボネートであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の固定相。
- 前記ポリマーがポリエステルであることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の固定相。
- 前記ポリエステルが、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、ポリエチレンイソフタレート、ポリ(2,2-ジメチルプロパン-1,3-ジイルテレフタレート)、またはポリ-4-オキシメチルベンゾイルであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の固定相。
- 前記ポリマーが、比表面積が5~1000m2/gの担体に担持して成ることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の固定相。
- 粒子状であることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の固定相。
- 平均粒径が0.1μm~1000μmであることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の固定相。
- モノリス状であることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の固定相。
- 超臨界流体クロマトグラフィー用であることを特徴とする、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の固定相。
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WO2016152996A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-29 | 株式会社ダイセル | 超臨界流体クロマトグラフィー用の固定相 |
WO2017022695A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | 株式会社ダイセル | 超臨界流体クロマトグラフィー用の固定相 |
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JP2018189449A (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-29 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 分離方法および分析方法 |
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JP6342328B2 (ja) | 2018-06-13 |
CN104471387B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
EP2876439A4 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
EP2876439B1 (en) | 2021-06-09 |
US9327269B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
JPWO2014017280A1 (ja) | 2016-07-07 |
US20150182943A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
EP2876439A1 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
CN104471387A (zh) | 2015-03-25 |
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