WO2014017193A1 - 前処理・電気泳動用一体型カートリッジ、前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置及び前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動方法 - Google Patents
前処理・電気泳動用一体型カートリッジ、前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置及び前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1003—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor
- C12N15/1006—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor by means of a solid support carrier, e.g. particles, polymers
- C12N15/101—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor by means of a solid support carrier, e.g. particles, polymers by chromatography, e.g. electrophoresis, ion-exchange, reverse phase
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
- B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6806—Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/686—Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
- G01N27/44756—Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G01N27/44791—Microapparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/02—Adapting objects or devices to another
- B01L2200/028—Modular arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/10—Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
- B01L2300/0816—Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0415—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
- B01L2400/0421—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic electrophoretic flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
- B01L2400/0487—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure fluid pressure, pneumatics
Definitions
- the present invention is an integrated cartridge for pretreatment / electrophoresis (integrated sample-preparation-and electrophoresis-device) that can be used in all steps from, for example, extraction of nucleic acid from a biological sample and amplification and labeling to electrophoresis.
- the present invention relates to a pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus (Integrated sample preparation and electrophoresis apparatus) and a pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis method (Integrated sample preparation and electrophoresis method) that can automatically execute all steps.
- methods such as genetic diagnosis and DNA analysis that analyze biological samples at the genetic level generally include (1) the steps of extracting nucleic acids from biological samples, amplifying extracted nucleic acids, and labeling nucleic acids.
- the step of executing the treatment reaction and the step (2) of electrophoresis for reading out the base sequence of the nucleic acid after the pretreatment are sequentially performed. In each of these stages, there are operations for mixing, heating, and dispensing a plurality of reagents, and a large amount of work is required for analysis.
- a capillary electrophoresis apparatus is generally used for nucleic acid electrophoresis.
- An example of a conventional capillary electrophoresis apparatus is disclosed in Patent Document 2.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique for automating each step of gene analysis, but it is assumed that the entire series of operations from obtaining a base sequence from a biological sample or from nucleic acid through electrophoresis is automated. Not. For this reason, in the prior art, an operation of transferring the cartridge or sample used in each process to the corresponding device is inevitably generated, and the operation for that purpose is complicated.
- the present invention fully automatically executes a series of operations from the step of extracting nucleic acid from a sample solution or the subsequent step of amplifying and labeling the nucleic acid to electrophoresis of the nucleic acid and reading out the base sequence. Provide the technology that makes it possible.
- the present invention provides an integrated cartridge that can be used for a series of reactions from pretreatment to electrophoresis, which is composed of one or a plurality of steps, and a series of reactions from pretreatment to electrophoresis using the cartridge.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a pretreatment-integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a top surface configuration of an integrated cartridge for pretreatment / electrophoresis developing solution according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a pretreatment process according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a top surface of a cartridge according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a top surface of a cartridge according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100 is a device that performs a series of reactions and operations from pretreatment to electrophoresis in a fully automatic manner by using the cartridge 200 proposed in this specification. Details of the cartridge 200 will be described later.
- the pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100 includes a capillary array 400, a pump / buffer unit 450, a constant temperature unit 410, a heater 500, a liquid feed pump 520, a control valve unit 550, an autosampler unit 600, a detection unit 700, and a high voltage power supply unit. 800 and a controller 900. Details of these units will be described later.
- the controller 900 controls the operation of each unit constituting the pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100.
- the cartridge 200 is mounted on a mounting table (not shown), and a heater 500 is attached inside the mounting table.
- the cartridge 200 used in the present embodiment is composed of a single flat substrate having a flow path and a control valve formed on the surface thereof.
- one cartridge 200 is used in a series of operations from nucleic acid extraction to preparation of an electrophoresis sample. Each operation is performed fully automatically by the cooperation of the units of the pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100 described in detail in the following sections.
- one cartridge 200 is used up for each measurement.
- FIG. 2 shows the overall configuration of the cartridge 200 used in this embodiment.
- the cartridge 200 is roughly divided into four sections.
- a nucleic acid extraction section 201 used for a reaction until nucleic acid is extracted from a biological sample
- a PCR section 202 used for nucleic acid amplification and purification
- a cycle sequence section 203 used when a label is added to the nucleic acid by a cycle sequence reaction.
- an electrophoresis section 204 used in capillary electrophoresis. The structure and operation method of each section will be described later.
- FIG. 3 shows the upper surface configuration of the capillary array 400.
- the capillary array 400 has a configuration in which one or more capillaries 401 are bundled.
- the capillary 401 is composed of a glass tube having an inner diameter of several tens to several hundreds of microns and an outer diameter of several hundreds of microns, and the surface is coated with polyimide or the like.
- the capillary 401 is filled with a separation medium that gives a difference in migration speed to the sample during electrophoresis.
- a capillary head 402 is provided at one end of the capillary 401.
- the capillary head 402 is a member that bundles the capillaries 401.
- the pump / buffer unit 450 and the capillary array 400 are connected through the capillary head 402.
- a cathode electrode 403 is formed on the other end of the capillary 401.
- the cathode electrode 403 is in contact with the sample / solution.
- a detection unit 404 is provided in the vicinity of the capillary head 402. In the detection unit 404, the sample separated and electrophoresed in the capillary 401 is read. When the capillary 401 is broken or deteriorated in quality, it is replaced as necessary.
- the constant temperature unit 410 has a function of keeping the temperature of the capillary array 400 at a set temperature during electrophoresis.
- the constant temperature unit 410 is a flat plate-like component configured such that the capillary array 400 is sandwiched between a temperature control substrate to which a heater is attached and a heat insulating material.
- a temperature sensor for feedback is attached to the temperature control board.
- one end of the capillary array 400 on the cathode electrode 403 side is fixed to the constant temperature unit 410.
- the tip of the capillary head 402 can be fixed at a desired position.
- the pump / buffer unit 450 is a pump used to fill the capillary array 400 (specifically, individual capillaries 401) with a separation medium such as a polymer.
- FIG. 4 shows the detailed structure of the pump / buffer unit 450.
- the pump / buffer unit 450 is fixed to the disposer container 451, the piston 452 that seals the inside of the container and applies pressure to the inside, the valve 453 that connects the tip of the disposer container 451 and the capillary array 400, and the valve 453 or the piston 452.
- the anode electrode 454 is provided.
- the tip of the anode electrode 454 protrudes inward from the bottom surface (the surface provided with the output port) of the disposer container 451.
- the separation medium 456 is accommodated inside the disposer container 451 in a state where the piston 452 is pulled (initial state).
- a sachet surrounded by a thin film 455 is attached to the tip of the piston 452, and the inside thereof is filled with an anode buffer 457.
- the inside of the disposer container 451 is divided into two sections. Therefore, the separation medium 456 and the anode buffer 457 are not mixed.
- the piston 452 When filling the separation medium 456 into the capillary array 400, the piston 452 is pushed inside the disposer container 451 by applying pressure from the outside. At this time, a high pressure is applied to the inside of the disposer container 451. As a result, the separation medium 456 passes through the valve 453 and is filled into the capillary 401.
- the separation medium 456 and the anode buffer 457 may be stored in different regions within the same component.
- the anode electrode 454 needs to be in contact with the anode buffer solution 457 at all times.
- the heater 500 is used to adjust the temperature of the solution held in the cartridge 200, such as heat retention and thermal cycle.
- the heater 500 is disposed inside or on the surface of the mounting table of the cartridge 200.
- the heater 500 and the cartridge 200 are fixed with a fixture or the like.
- the liquid feed pump 520 sends air or the like to a control valve formed in the cartridge 200, pressurizes / depressurizes the flow path / tank in the cartridge, and adjusts the liquid feed of the solution in the cartridge 200.
- the control valve unit 550 is a mechanism that opens and closes the control valve formed in the cartridge 200.
- the autosampler unit 600 is a robot apparatus that sequentially transports the cartridge 200 to the initial setting position, then to the pretreatment reaction unit, and then to the sample introduction end of the capillary 400.
- the detection unit 700 irradiates the detection unit 404 of the capillary array 400 with excitation light 701 output from a light source such as a laser or LED, and the detector 703 detects scattered light 702 or the like emitted from the capillary 401.
- the detected light is output to a measuring device (not shown).
- the measuring device analyzes the sample based on the detected signal intensity of the scattered light 702.
- the high-voltage power supply unit 800 is connected to the anode electrode 454 and the cathode electrode 403, and executes electrophoresis by applying a high voltage to the capillary 401 filled with the polymer.
- the controller 900 controls the operation of each unit so that the heater 500, the liquid feed pump 520, and the control valve unit 550 operate in cooperation.
- the pretreatment is an operation of extracting a nucleic acid from a biological sample such as a swab or blood and processing the sample for analysis (base sequence analysis by capillary electrophoresis).
- the pretreatment can be roughly divided into three steps. Nucleic acid extraction 1100, PCR reaction 1200, and cycle sequence reaction 1300. Depending on the analysis target, the pretreatment may be completed only with the nucleic acid extraction 1100 and the PCR reaction 1200, and the capillary electrophoresis 1400 may be executed.
- the control operation 1101 of (1) is executed.
- a sample is inserted into the cartridge 200.
- the sample is sent to the reaction vessel in which the reagent is stored and mixed.
- the sample is, for example, a biological sample.
- the reagent is, for example, a cell lysate or a buffer.
- control operation 1102 (2) is executed.
- the temperature of the cartridge 200 is overheated or cooled to an appropriate reaction temperature by the heater 500.
- the biological sample is dissolved and the nucleic acid is exposed.
- control operation 1103 (3) is executed.
- the dissolved sample is sent to the carrier tank and mixed with the carrier, and the nucleic acid is adsorbed on the surface of the carrier.
- control operation 1104 (4) is executed.
- the cleaning liquid is sent to the carrier tank, and the reagent / sample other than the nucleic acid adsorbed on the carrier is washed away.
- the waste liquid is sent to the waste liquid tank.
- control operation 1105 (5) is executed. In this control operation 1105, the eluate is sent to the carrier tank, and the nucleic acid adsorbed on the carrier is recovered.
- (1-2) PCR Reaction Also in the PCR reaction 1200, first, the control operation 1101 of (1) is executed. In this control operation 1101, first, a sample after nucleic acid extraction is sent from the nucleic acid extraction section 201 to the PCR section 202. The sample is sent to a reaction vessel in which reagents (primer, dNTP, buffer, enzyme) are stored and mixed.
- reagents primary, dNTP, buffer, enzyme
- control operation 1102 (2) is executed.
- the temperature of the mixed solution in the cartridge 200 is overheated or cooled to an appropriate reaction temperature by the heat cycle of the heater 500.
- the temperature adjustment only the target region of the nucleic acid is amplified.
- control operation 1103 (3) is executed.
- the reaction product is sent to the carrier tank and mixed with the carrier, and the nucleic acid is adsorbed on the surface of the carrier.
- control operation 1104 (4) is executed.
- the cleaning liquid is sent to the carrier tank, and the reagent / sample other than the nucleic acid adsorbed on the carrier is washed away.
- the waste liquid is sent to the waste liquid tank.
- control operation 1105 (5) is executed. In this control operation 1105, the eluate is sent to the carrier tank, and the nucleic acid adsorbed on the carrier is recovered.
- (1-3) Cycle Sequence Reaction Also in the cycle sequence reaction 1300, first, the control operation 1101 of (1) is executed. In this control operation 1101, first, the product after the PCR reaction is sent from the PCR section 202 to the cycle sequence section 203. The product from the PCR compartment 202 is sent to a reaction vessel in which reagents (primers, fluorescently labeled dNTPs, enzymes, buffers, etc.) are stored and mixed.
- reagents primary, fluorescently labeled dNTPs, enzymes, buffers, etc.
- control operation 1102 (2) is executed.
- the temperature of the mixed solution in the cartridge 200 is overheated or cooled to an appropriate reaction temperature by the heat cycle of the heater 500.
- the nucleic acid is hybridized with dNTPs fluorescently labeled.
- control operation 1103 (3) is executed.
- the reaction product is sent to the carrier tank and mixed with the carrier, and the nucleic acid is adsorbed on the surface of the carrier.
- control operation 1104 (4) is executed.
- the cleaning liquid is sent to the carrier tank, and the reagent / sample other than the nucleic acid adsorbed on the carrier is washed away.
- the waste liquid is sent to the waste liquid tank.
- control operation 1105 (5) is executed.
- the eluate is sent to the carrier tank, and the nucleic acid adsorbed on the carrier is recovered. That is, excess fluorescence and primers are removed from the reaction product, and the nucleic acid is recovered.
- the nucleic acid is collected in the electrophoresis compartment 204.
- Capillary electrophoresis 1400 is performed on the nucleic acid collected in the electrophoresis section 204.
- the cartridge 200 is preferably made of a material that is difficult for biological samples to adsorb, such as quartz glass, PMMA, polycarbonate, and the like.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration example of the nucleic acid extraction section 201.
- the nucleic acid extraction section 201 includes a reagent tank 211 containing a reagent, a reaction tank 212 for mixing the inserted biological sample and the reagent, a carrier tank 213 containing a carrier used for purification of the reaction product, and a washing liquid for washing the carrier.
- a cleaning liquid tank 214 containing a liquid
- a waste liquid tank 215 for collecting a solution other than nucleic acid from the carrier tank
- an eluent tank 216 containing an eluent for collecting the nucleic acid from the carrier.
- the reagent tank 211 adopts a sealed structure so that the reagent can be transported in a stored state.
- an arbitrary reagent may be injected into the empty reagent tank 211 immediately before the analysis and analyzed.
- the channel 246 is a channel that connects the nucleic acid extraction section 201 and the PCR section 202.
- the nucleic acid extraction section 201 is formed with ports 217 to 220 and port channels 221 to 224 that are used to send the solution by pressurization by the liquid feed pump 520.
- the port channels 221 to 224 are channels that individually connect the ports 217 to 220 and the corresponding tanks.
- the control valve 231 is disposed in the flow path 241 connecting the reagent tank 211 and the reaction tank 212, the control valve 232 is disposed in the flow path 242 connecting the reaction tank 212 and the carrier tank 213, and the control valve 233 is a cleaning liquid.
- the control valve 234 and the control valve 235 are disposed in the flow path 244 connecting the carrier tank 213 and the waste liquid tank 215, and the control valve 236 is disposed in the elution liquid tank.
- the control valve 237 is disposed in the flow path 246 connecting the carrier tank 213 and the PCR section 202.
- the carrier tank 213 is connected to the reaction tank 212, the cleaning liquid tank 214, the waste liquid tank 215, and the eluate tank 216 through different flow paths 242, 243, 244, and 245, respectively.
- the flow direction of all the flow paths is determined, and in principle, no back flow is allowed.
- the reagent tank 211, the cleaning liquid tank 214, the waste liquid tank 215, and the eluate tank 216 are connected to the ports 217 to 220 via the port channels 221 to 224, respectively.
- the carrier placed in the carrier tank 213 is preferably one that is particularly easy to adsorb nucleic acids such as glass beads, glass wool, and porous glass.
- nucleic acids such as glass beads, glass wool, and porous glass.
- a primer to which biotin has been added in advance is used for the reaction, and streptavidin is surface-modified in the carrier tank 213.
- the washing liquid contains an organic solvent such as alcohol at a high concentration, and removes components other than nucleic acids from the carrier by washing the carrier a plurality of times.
- FIG. 7 shows a configuration example of the PCR section 202.
- the PCR section 202 includes a reagent tank 251 that contains a reagent, a reaction tank 252 that mixes the product of the nucleic acid extraction section 201 and the reagent and performs thermal cycling, and a carrier tank that contains a carrier used for purification of the reaction product. 253, a washing liquid tank 254 containing a washing liquid for washing the carrier, a waste liquid tank 255 for collecting a solution other than the nucleic acid from the carrier tank, and an elution liquid tank 256 containing an elution liquid for collecting the nucleic acid from the carrier.
- the channel 286 is a channel that connects the PCR section 202 and the cycle sequence section 203.
- ports 257 to 260 and port channels 261 to 264 used for feeding the solution by pressurization by the liquid feed pump 520 are formed in the PCR section 202.
- the port channels 261 to 264 are channels that individually connect the ports 257 to 260 and the corresponding tanks. Also in the case of the PCR section 202, the flow directions of all the flow paths are determined, and in principle, no back flow is allowed.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration example of the cycle sequence section 203.
- the cycle sequence section 203 includes a reagent tank 311 containing a reagent, a reaction tank 312 for mixing the product of the PCR section 202 and the reagent to perform a thermal cycle, and a carrier tank containing a carrier used for purification of the reaction product. 313, a washing liquid tank 314 containing a washing liquid for washing the carrier, a waste liquid tank 315 for collecting a solution other than the nucleic acid from the carrier tank, and an elution liquid tank 316 containing an elution liquid for collecting the nucleic acid from the carrier.
- the flow path 346 is a flow path that connects the cycle sequence section 203 and the migration section 204.
- the cycle sequence section 203 is formed with ports 317 to 320 and port flow paths 321 to 324 used to send the solution by pressurization by the liquid feed pump 520.
- the port channels 321 to 324 are channels that individually connect the ports 317 to 320 and the corresponding tanks. Also in the case of the cycle sequence section 203, the flow directions of all the flow paths are determined, and in principle, backflow is not allowed.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of the migration section 204.
- the electrophoresis section 204 includes an electrophoresis solution tank 351, a cathode buffer solution tank 352 containing a buffer solution containing an electrolyte, and a washing water tank 353 containing washing water for washing the capillary.
- the electrophoretic solution tank 351 is connected to the cycle sequence section 203 via the flow path 346.
- a port 354 and a port channel 355 are formed in the electrophoresis section 204 to be used for feeding a solution by pressurization by a liquid feed pump 520.
- the port channel 355 connects the port 354 and the electrophoresis solution tank 351.
- the cleaning liquid tank and the waste liquid tank are separately formed in each of the nucleic acid extraction section 201 to the cycle sequence section 203 .
- the cleaning liquid tank and the waste liquid tank in the corresponding section may be shared by one.
- the case where the number of partitions constituting the cartridge 200 is four has been described, but the number of partitions may be increased or decreased depending on the type of sample to be analyzed or the sample to be started.
- control valves and ports mounted on the cartridge 200 are in a closed state, and an opening operation is performed as necessary.
- the control valve in the closed state does not allow the solutions to pass therethrough, but has a mechanism for allowing a gas such as air or gas to pass therethrough. Since a control valve having this type of characteristic is already known, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the solution feeding in the nucleic acid extraction section 201, the PCR section 202, and the cycle sequence section 203 is completed by sequentially performing five liquid feeding operations for each section.
- the first nucleic acid extraction section 201 will be described as an example.
- the liquid feeding operation in the PCR section 202 and the cycle sequence section 203 follows this.
- a biological sample such as a swab or blood is inserted into the reaction vessel 212 and covered with a seal or the like to seal the system.
- the control valve 231 and the ports 217 and 218 are opened, and air is injected from the port 217.
- the air flows in the order of port 217 ⁇ reagent tank 211 ⁇ reaction tank 212 ⁇ support tank 213 ⁇ waste liquid tank 215 ⁇ port 218.
- the cartridge 200 may be heated using the heater 500 to adjust the temperature of the mixed liquid in the reaction tank 212 to an appropriate temperature.
- Operation (2) Subsequently, air is injected from the port 217 while the control valve 232 is opened.
- the air flow path is the same as in operation (1).
- the liquid mixture of the biological sample and the reagent in the reaction tank 212 flows to the carrier tank 213 through the flow path 242.
- the nucleic acid in the mixed solution adheres to the carrier in the carrier tank 213.
- the solution in the carrier tank 213 flows through the flow path 246 into the next section, that is, the reaction tank 252 in the PCR section 202.
- the ports 220 and 258 are closed.
- the PCR section 202 and the cycle sequence section 203 have the same structure as the nucleic acid extraction section 201. Accordingly, operations similar to the operations (1) to (5) described above are repeatedly performed on the PCR section 202 and the cycle sequence section 203.
- a migration agent tank 351 in the migration section 204 is preliminarily sealed with a denaturing agent such as formamide.
- the eluate sent from the cycle sequence section 203 is mixed with the denaturant in the electrophoresis solution tank 351.
- the electrophoresis compartment 204 is provided with a cathode buffer solution tank 352 and a washing water tank 353. In order to prevent evaporation of the solution from each tank and external contamination, Each tank opening is covered with a thin film.
- the tip of the capillary 401 breaks through a thin film covering the opening of the electrophoresis solution tank 351 and is immersed in the solution in the tank.
- the thin film may be broken using a needle separately prepared instead of the capillary tip.
- it instead of covering the opening of each tank with a seal, it may be covered with a rubber film having a slit, and the tip of the capillary may be inserted through the cut.
- FIG. 10 shows an operation procedure of the pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. Each step will be described with reference to the drawings.
- Step 2001 As a premise, first, the cartridge 200 into which the sample has been introduced is attached to the mounting table of the pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100. Further, the pump / buffer unit 450 is attached to the pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100. In this state, when the apparatus main body is turned on, this operation procedure is started. First, the cartridge 200 enclosing the biological sample and the reagent is fixed to the autosampler unit 600. At that time, the bottom surface of the cartridge 200 and the heater 500 are in contact with each other.
- the control valves 231 to 237, 271 to 277, and 331 to 337 of the cartridge 200 are connected to the control valve unit 550, and the ports 217 to 220, 257 to 260, and 317 to 320 are connected to the liquid feed pump 520.
- the pump / buffer unit 450 is connected to one end of the capillary array 400 and the high-voltage power supply unit 800.
- Step 2002 temperature adjustment by the heater 500 is started.
- the temperature may be set manually by the user for each use, or may be automatically set to a predetermined temperature according to the content of measurement.
- irradiation with the laser 701 is also started. Note that the output is unstable immediately after laser irradiation. Therefore, in order to maintain detection sensitivity, laser irradiation may be started before electrophoresis is started.
- Step 2003 The arm of the autosampler unit 600 that fixes the cartridge 200, the heater 500, and the control valve unit 520 moves, and the tip of the capillary array 400 is immersed in the cathode buffer solution tank 352.
- Step 2004 Next, an external force is applied to the piston 452 of the pump / buffer unit 450 by manual or automatic control, and the built-in separation medium 456 is filled in the capillary array 400. At the same time, the anode electrode 454 is immersed in the anode buffer 457.
- Step 2005 In the cartridge 200, nucleic acid extraction, PCR reaction, and cycle sequence reaction are continuously performed.
- the implementation method is as described above. Further, a voltage is applied to both ends of the capillary by the high voltage power supply unit 800. This operation is called pre-run. By performing the pre-run for a long time, there is an effect of improving the analysis performance of capillary electrophoresis.
- Step 2006 By the control valve unit 550 and the liquid feed pump 520, the sample in the cycle sequence section 203 is fed to the electrophoretic solution tank 351 located in the subsequent stage.
- the amount of the liquid fed can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of air injected from the pump 520.
- Step 2007 Here, the voltage application is temporarily stopped. In this state, the autosampler unit 600 operates and the tip of the capillary array 400 is inserted into the electrophoresis solution tank 351.
- Step 2008 By applying a weak voltage from the high-voltage power supply unit 800 to both ends of the capillary array for a short time, an appropriate amount of sample is introduced into the capillary array 400 filled with the separation medium.
- Step 2009 The autosampler unit 600 operates again, and the tip of the capillary array 400 is immersed in the cathode buffer solution sealed in the cathode buffer solution tank 352.
- Step 2010 A high voltage is applied from the high-voltage power supply unit 800 to the capillary array 400 to perform electrophoresis.
- the detection unit 404 of the capillary 401 is irradiated with excitation light 701.
- the detector 703 detects that the sample is fluorescent by the excitation light 701 and outputs the detection result to a measurement device (not shown).
- the measuring device analyzes the sample based on the detection result.
- Step 2011 At this stage, electrophoresis is completed.
- Step 2012 After the voltage application is completed, the autosampler unit 600 operates to immerse the tip of the capillary array 400 in the cleaning liquid tank 353.
- the washing water tank 353 contains washing water for washing the tip and the inside of the capillary.
- Step 2013 The piston 452 of the pump / buffer unit 450 is pulled manually or automatically to fill the inside of the capillary array with the cleaning liquid. By repeating this operation several times, the cleaning effect can be improved.
- Example 2 In this embodiment, a configuration example of a cartridge 200 suitable for performing capillary electrophoresis from purified nucleic acid and performing fragment analysis is shown.
- the basic configuration and operation of the pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Below, it demonstrates focusing on the difference between a present Example and Example 1.
- FIG. 1 A configuration example of a cartridge 200 suitable for performing capillary electrophoresis from purified nucleic acid and performing fragment analysis is shown.
- the basic configuration and operation of the pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Below, it demonstrates focusing on the difference between a present Example and Example 1.
- FIG. 11 shows a configuration example of the cartridge 200 according to the present embodiment.
- the cartridge 200 shown in FIG. 11 includes only a PCR section 202 and an electrophoresis section 204, and the nucleic acid extraction section 201 and the cycle sequence section 203 are omitted.
- the treatment process is started by introducing the purified nucleic acid solution into the reaction tank 252 and then sealing with a seal or the like. Subsequent steps are the same as those in the first embodiment. Also in this case, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be realized.
- Example 3 different analysis can be performed by using different reagents to be sealed in the tank.
- the reagent tank 251 of the PCR section 202 is sealed so that the reagent can be transported in a stored state.
- an arbitrary reagent may be injected into the empty reagent tank 251 and analyzed immediately before the analysis.
- STR short tandem repeat
- the reagent tank 251 has a mixed solution of enzyme, dNTP, buffer, etc. for PCR reaction
- the reaction liquid tank 252 has a fluorescently labeled primer mixed solution corresponding to the STR region. It is a point to enclose. Also in this case, the same effect as in the second embodiment can be realized.
- Example 4 In this example, a configuration in which PCR reaction and cycle sequence reaction can be performed from purified nucleic acid will be described.
- the basic configuration and operation of the pretreatment integrated capillary electrophoresis apparatus 100 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Below, it demonstrates focusing on the difference between Example 1 and a present Example.
- FIG. 12 shows a configuration example of the cartridge 200 according to the present embodiment.
- the cartridge 200 shown in FIG. 12 is configured by only three of a PCR section 202, a cycle sequence section 203, and an electrophoresis section 204, and the nucleic acid extraction section 201 is omitted.
- the reaction operation is started from a state in which the purified nucleic acid solution is inserted into the reaction tank 252 and the system is sealed with a seal or the like.
- the subsequent steps are the same as in the first embodiment. Also in this case, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be realized.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications.
- the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations.
- a part of a certain embodiment can be replaced with a configuration of another embodiment, and a configuration of another embodiment can be added to a configuration of a certain embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
[前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置の構成]
図1は、実施例1に係る前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置100の構成を示す。前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置100は、前処理から電気泳動までの一連の反応・操作を、本明細書で提案するカートリッジ200を用いることにより、全自動で実行する装置である。カートリッジ200の詳細については後述する。
本実施例で使用するカートリッジ200は、その表面に流路や調節弁を形成した1枚の平板状の基板で構成される。本実施例では、1枚のカートリッジ200を核酸抽出から泳動サンプルの準備までの一連の操作で使用する。各操作は、次項以降で詳細に説明する前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置100の各ユニットの協働により全自動で実行される。本実施例では、1回の測定につき、原則、1枚のカートリッジ200を使い切るものとする。
図3に、キャピラリアレイ400の上面構成を示す。キャピラリアレイ400は、1本以上のキャピラリ401を束ねた構成を有している。キャピラリ401は、内径が数十~数百ミクロン、外径が数百ミクロンのガラス管で構成され、表面はポリイミド等でコーティングされている。キャピラリ401の内部には、電気泳動時に、サンプルに泳動速度差を与える分離媒体が充填されている。
恒温ユニット410は、電気泳動時に、キャピラリアレイ400の温度を設定温度に保つ機能を有している。恒温ユニット410は、ヒータが取り付けられた温度制御基板と断熱材とでキャピラリアレイ400を挟み込む構成の平板状の部品である。温度制御基板には、フィードバック用の温度センサが取り付けられている。ここで、キャピラリアレイ400の陰極電極403側の一端は、恒温ユニット410に固定されている。これにより、キャピラリヘッド402の先端を所望の位置に固定することができる。
ポンプ・バッファユニット450は、キャピラリアレイ400(具体的には、個々のキャピラリ401)にポリマなどの分離媒体を充填するために用いられるポンプである。
ヒータ500は、カートリッジ200に保持される溶液の保温、熱サイクルなどの温度調整に用いられる。図1に示す例の場合、ヒータ500は、カートリッジ200の載置台の内側又は表面に配置される。例えばヒータ500とカートリッジ200は、固定具などで固定される。
送液ポンプ520は、カートリッジ200に形成された調節弁に空気などを送り、カートリッジ内の流路・槽を加圧・減圧し、カートリッジ200内での溶液の送液を調整する。
調節弁ユニット550は、カートリッジ200に形成された調節弁を開閉する機構部である。
オートサンプラユニット600は、カートリッジ200を、初期セット位置に、次に前処理反応ユニット部に、そしてキャピラリ400のサンプル導入端に、順番に運搬するロボット装置である。
検出ユニット700は、キャピラリアレイ400の検出部404に対し、レーザやLEDなどの光源から出力された励起光701を照射し、キャピラリ401より発する散乱光702などを検出器703で検出する。検出した光は、不図示の測定装置に出力される。測定装置は、検出された散乱光702の信号強度に基づいてサンプルを分析する。
高圧電源ユニット800は、陽極電極454と陰極電極403に接続されており、ポリマが充填されたキャピラリ401に高電圧を印加することにより電気泳動を実行する。
コントローラ900は、ヒータ500と、送液ポンプ520と、調節弁ユニット550が連携して動作するように各部の動作を制御する。
続いて、前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置において自動的に実行される一連の動作について説明する。
ここでは、図5を参照し、前処理の処理内容の概要を説明する。なお、前処理とは、スワブや血液などの生体サンプルから核酸を抽出し、分析用(キャピラリ電気泳動による塩基配列解析)にサンプルを処理する操作である。前処理は、大まかに3つの工程に分けることができる。核酸抽出1100、PCR反応1200、サイクルシーケンス反応1300である。なお、解析対象によっては、核酸抽出1100とPCR反応1200のみで前処理を終え、キャピラリ電気泳動1400を実行する場合もある。
以下、各段階で、コントローラ900により実行される制御動作の内容を説明する。
核酸抽出1100では、まず、(1)の制御動作1101が実行される。この制御動作1101では、まず、サンプルがカートリッジ200に挿入される。サンプルは、試薬が貯蔵されている反応槽へと送液され、混合される。サンプルは例えば生体サンプルである。また、試薬は例えば細胞可溶化液、緩衝液などである。
PCR反応1200においても、まず、(1)の制御動作1101が実行される。この制御動作1101では、まず、核酸抽出後のサンプルが核酸抽出区画201からPCR区画202に送液される。サンプルは、試薬(プライマ、dNTP、緩衝液、酵素)が貯蔵されている反応槽へと送液され、混合される。
サイクルシーケンス反応1300においても、まず、(1)の制御動作1101が実行される。この制御動作1101では、まず、PCR反応後の産物がPCR区画202からサイクルシーケンス区画203に送液される。PCR区画202からの産物は、試薬(プライマ、蛍光標識したdNTP、酵素、緩衝液など)が貯蔵されている反応槽へと送液され、混合される。
泳動区画204に回収された核酸について、キャピラリ電気泳動1400が実施される。
続いて、カートリッジ200を構成する各区画内における送液手順について具体的に説明する。なお、核酸抽出区画201、PCR区画202、サイクルシーケンス区画203のおおよその構成と送液のための手順は同じである。なお、カートリッジ200は、生体サンプルが吸着し難い材料、例えば石英ガラス、PMMA、ポリカーボネートなどで構成することが望ましい。
以下では、カートリッジ200を使用して、前処理とキャピラリ電気泳動を実施する手順について説明する。前処理からキャピラリ電気泳動までの一連の手順は、基本的に、送液による試薬の混合と加熱処理の組み合わせにより実現される。以下の説明では、溶液の送液に、最も一般的な方法である、ポンプによる加圧方式を採用するものとして説明する。
まず、スワブや血液などの生体サンプルを反応槽212に挿入し、シールなどで蓋をして系を密閉した状態にする。この状態で、調節弁231とポート217、218を開け、ポート217から空気を注入する。空気は、ポート217→試薬槽211→反応槽212→担体槽213→廃液槽215→ポート218の順番に流れる。空気がポート217に注入されると、試薬槽211に内蔵された試薬が流路241を通って反応槽212に流れ、生体サンプルと混ざり合わされる。このとき、必要に応じ、ヒータ500を用いてカートリッジ200を加熱し、反応槽212内の混合液の温度を適温になるよう調整しても良い。
続いて、更に調節弁232を開放した状態で、ポート217から空気を注入する。なお、空気の流路は操作(1)と同じである。この場合、反応槽212内の生体サンプルと試薬の混合液が流路242を通って担体槽213に流れる。このとき、混合液中の核酸は、担体槽213内の担体に付着する。
次に、調節弁232とポート217を閉じ、調節弁233~235とポート219を開く。なお、ポート218は開いたままである。この状態でポート219から空気を注入する。この際、空気は、ポート219→洗浄液槽214→担体槽213→廃液槽215→ポート218の順番に流れる。空気がポート219に注入されると、担体槽213にあった混合液は流路244を通って廃液槽215へと流れ出す。代わりに、洗浄液槽214に内蔵された洗浄液が流路243を通って担体槽213へと流れ込む。さらに、空気のポート219への注入を継続すると、担体槽213に内蔵されていた洗浄液は、廃液槽215へ全て送られる。その後、逆流と混入を防ぐため、調節弁233~235を閉じる。この操作は、複数回繰り返すことで精製の効果を高めることができる。
次に、ポート219を閉じ、調節弁236とポート220を開く。ここでも、ポート218は開いたままである。この際、空気は、ポート219→洗浄液槽214→担体槽213→廃液槽215→ポート218の順番に流れる。ポート220から空気を注入すると、溶出液槽216に内蔵されていた溶出液が流路245を通って担体槽213へと流れ込む。
溶出液槽216の溶出液を担体槽213に流し込んだ後は、担体に付着した核酸が溶出液に溶けだすのに十分な時間だけ放置する。その後、ポート218を閉じ、調節弁237とポート258を開ける。この際、PCR区画202に設けられたポート258を開く。これにより、空気は、ポート220→溶出液槽216→担体槽213→反応槽252→担体槽253→廃液槽255→ポート258に順番に流れる。この状態で、ポート220から空気を注入する。すると、担体槽213の溶液は、流路246を通って次の区画、すなわちPCR区画202の反応槽252に流れ込む。このように、核酸抽出区画201からPCR区画202への送液が完了すると、ポート220及び258を閉じる。
図10に、本実施例に係る前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置100の動作手順を示す。各ステップについて、図を補足しながら説明する。
前提として、まず、サンプルを導入したカートリッジ200を、前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置100の載置台に取り付ける。また、ポンプ・バッファユニット450を前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置100に取り付ける。この状態で、装置本体の電源をオンにすると、本動作手順が開始される。まず、生体サンプル及び試薬が封入されたカートリッジ200が、オートサンプラユニット600に固定される。その際、カートリッジ200の底面とヒータ500は接触している。カートリッジ200の調節弁231~237、271~277、331~337は調節弁ユニット550に接続され、ポート217~220、257~260、317~320は送液ポンプ520に接続される。また、ポンプ・バッファユニット450を、キャピラリアレイ400の一端部と高圧電源ユニット800とにそれぞれ接続する。
この状態で、ヒータ500による温度調整が開始される。温度は、ユーザが使用毎に手動で設定しても良いし、測定の内容に応じて予め定めた温度に自動的に設定しても良い。また、この段階で、レーザ701の照射も開始される。なお、レーザの照射直後は出力が不安定である。従って、検出感度を維持するためには、電気泳動を開始する前に、レーザの照射を開始しておけば良い。
カートリッジ200、ヒータ500、調節弁ユニット520の3つを固定しているオートサンプラユニット600のアームが動き、陰極緩衝液槽352にキャピラリアレイ400の先端が浸される。
次に、ポンプ・バッファユニット450のピストン452に対し、手動又は自動制御により外力が加えられ、内蔵していた分離媒体456がキャピラリアレイ400に充填される。同時に、陽極電極454が陽極緩衝液457に浸された状態になる。
カートリッジ200では、核酸抽出、PCR反応、サイクルシーケンス反応が連続で実施される。実施方法については前記の通りである。また、高圧電源ユニット800により、キャピラリの両端に電圧を印加する。この操作は、プレラン(pre-run)と呼ばれる。プレランを長時間実施することにより、キャピラリ電気泳動の分析性能を向上させる効果がある。
調節弁ユニット550と送液ポンプ520により、サイクルシーケンス区画203のサンプルが後段に位置する泳動溶液槽351に送液される。カートリッジ200において試薬・混合液・反応液を送液する際、ポンプ520から注入する空気の量を調整すれば、送液量を調整することができる。なお、各区画における溶出液の全量を、次の槽に送るのではなく、一部を保管しておくことが望ましい、そうすれば、途中から分析を再実施することが可能である。
ここでは、一時的に、電圧の印加が停止される。この状態で、オートサンプラユニット600が動作し、キャピラリアレイ400の先端が泳動溶液槽351に挿入される。
高圧電源ユニット800からキャピラリアレイの両端に弱い電圧を短時間印加することにより、適量のサンプルを分離媒体が充填されたキャピラリアレイ400に導入する。
再度、オートサンプラユニット600が動作し、キャピラリアレイ400の先端を陰極緩衝液槽352内に封入された陰極緩衝液に浸す。
高圧電源ユニット800からキャピラリアレイ400に高電圧を印加し、電気泳動を実施する。電気泳動中、キャピラリ401の検出部404には、励起光701が照射される。検出器703は、励起光701によってサンプルが蛍光している様子を検出し、不図示の測定装置に検出結果を出力する。測定装置は、検出結果に基づき、サンプルを分析する。
この段階で、電気泳動が終了する。
電圧印加の終了後、オートサンプラユニット600が動作し、キャピラリアレイ400の先端を洗浄液槽353に浸す。洗浄水槽353にはキャピラリの先端及び内部を洗浄する洗浄水が封入されている。
ポンプ・バッファユニット450のピストン452を手動又は自動制御により引き、キャピラリアレイの内部を洗浄液で満たす。この操作を数回繰り返すと、洗浄効果を向上させることができる。
以上説明したように、本実施例に係るカートリッジ200と、前処理(核酸抽出、増幅反応、サイクルシーケンス反応など)一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置100を組み合わせて用いれば、前処理から電気泳動までの全反応工程の自動化を、1台の装置と1個のカートリッジだけを用いて実行することができる。
本実施例では、精製した核酸からキャピラリ電気泳動を実施し、フラグメント解析を行う場合に適したカートリッジ200の構成例を示す。前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置100の基本的な構成や動作は実施例1と同様である。以下では、本実施例と実施例1との差異点を中心に説明する。
本実施例では、槽内に封入する試薬を異なるものにすることで、別の解析の実施を可能とする。先に述べたように、PCR区画202の試薬槽251には、試薬が保管された状態で運搬が可能なように密閉されている。一方で、空の試薬槽251に対し、分析直前に任意の試薬を注入して解析しても良い。
本実施例では、精製した核酸からPCR反応、サイクルシーケンス反応を行える構成について説明する。前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置100の基本的な構成や動作は実施例1と同様である。以下では、実施例1と本実施例との差異点を中心に説明する。
本発明は上述した実施例に限定されるものでなく、様々な変形例が含まれる。例えば、上述した実施例は、本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも全ての構成を備えるものに限定されない。また、ある実施例の一部を他の実施例の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、ある実施例の構成に他の実施例の構成を加えることも可能である。また、各実施例の構成の一部について、他の構成を追加、削除又は置換することも可能である。
Claims (10)
- 生体サンプルから核酸を抽出する工程、目的の領域についてPCR反応を行う工程、増幅された核酸についてサイクルシーケンス反応を行う工程のそれぞれに対応する1つ又は複数の区画構造を有し、各区画構造は、(1)生体サンプルを注入する反応槽と、前記反応に用いる試薬を内蔵した試薬槽と、各槽間を接続する複数の流路と、前記流路に配置された複数の調節弁とを有し、かつ、前段に位置する区画構造の反応槽と次段に位置する区画構造の反応槽を接続する流路を有する第1の区画と、(2)泳動溶液を内蔵する泳動溶液槽と、キャピラリ電気泳動で使用する電解質を含む緩衝液を内蔵した陰極緩衝液槽と、前記キャピラリ先端部を洗浄してサンプル間のコンタミネーションを防止する洗浄液を内蔵した洗浄液槽とを有し、かつ、前段に位置する前記区画構造の担体槽と前記泳動溶液槽とを接続する流路とその調整弁とを有する第2の区画とを有する前処理・電気泳動用一体型カートリッジの載置台と、
前記カートリッジ内の溶液温度を調整する温度調整機構と、
キャピラリ電気泳動機構と、
前記調節弁の開閉を制御し、前記第1及び第2の区画内及び間の送液を制御すると共に、前記キャピラリ電気泳動機構の制御を通じ、電気泳動動作を制御するコントローラと
を有し、
前記生体サンプルから核酸を抽出する工程と、目的の領域についてPCR反応を行う工程と、増幅された核酸についてサイクルシーケンス反応を行う工程の少なくとも1つと、キャピラリ電気泳動により核酸を分析する工程までの全工程を自動で実行する前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置。 - 請求項1に記載の前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置において、
前記第1の区画はPCR反応を行う工程に対応する1つの区画構造を有し、前記第2の区画は電気泳動の工程に対応する1つの区画構造を有するとき、
前記コントローラは、生体サンプルから精製された核酸の溶液を、前記第1の区画の前記反応槽に注入して前処理を開始する
ことを特徴とする前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置。 - 請求項1に記載の前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置において、
前記第1の区画はPCR反応を行う工程とサイクルシーケンス反応を行う工程に対応する2つの区画構造を有し、前記第2の区画は電気泳動の工程に対応する区画構造を有するとき、
前記コントローラは、生体サンプルから精製された核酸の溶液を、前記第1の区画の前記反応槽に注入して前処理を開始する
ことを特徴とする前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置。 - 請求項1に記載の前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置において、
(1)前記キャピラリ電気泳動機構を構成するキャピラリに供給する緩衝液及びポリマを保持するディスペンサ容器であり、その出力口が前記キャピラリの先端に接続されるディスペンサ容器と、(2)前記緩衝液と前記ポリマの前記ディスペンサ容器内における初期状態での混合を妨げる隔壁と、(3)前記ディスペンサ容器の内部を加圧及び減圧するピストンと、(4)先端部分が前記ディスペンサ容器の内部に突き出た状態で設置され、前記ピストンによる加圧操作時に前記先端部分で前記隔壁を破り、前記緩衝液と前記ポリマを混合する一端が陽極端子と、を含むポンプ・バッファユニット
を有することを特徴とする前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置。 - 生体サンプルから核酸を抽出する工程、目的の領域についてPCR反応を行う工程、増幅された核酸についてサイクルシーケンス反応を行う工程のそれぞれに対応する1つ又は複数の区画構造を有し、
各区画構造は、
生体サンプルを注入する反応槽と、前記反応に用いる試薬を内蔵した試薬槽と、各槽間を接続する複数の流路と、前記流路に配置された複数の調節弁とを有し、かつ、前段に位置する区画構造の反応槽と次段に位置する区画構造の反応槽を接続する流路を有する第1の区画と、
泳動溶液を内蔵する泳動溶液槽と、キャピラリ電気泳動で使用する電解質を含む緩衝液を内蔵した陰極緩衝液槽と、前記キャピラリ先端部を洗浄してサンプル間のコンタミネーションを防止する洗浄液を内蔵した洗浄液槽とを有し、かつ、前段に位置する前記区画構造の担体槽と前記泳動溶液槽とを接続する流路とその調整弁とを有する第2の区画と
を有する前処理・電気泳動用一体型カートリッジ。 - 請求項5に記載の前処理・電気泳動用一体型カートリッジにおいて、
前記第1の区画はPCR反応を行う工程に対応する1つの区画構造を有し、前記第2の区画は電気泳動の工程に対応する1つの区画構造を有する
ことを特徴とする前処理・電気泳動用一体型カートリッジ。 - 請求項5に記載の前処理・電気泳動用一体型カートリッジにおいて、
前記第1の区画はPCR反応を行う工程とサイクルシーケンス反応を行う工程に対応する2つの区画構造を有し、前記第2の区画は電気泳動の工程に対応する区画構造を有する
ことを特徴とする前処理・電気泳動用一体型カートリッジ。 - 生体サンプルから核酸を抽出する工程と、目的の領域についてPCR反応を行う工程と、増幅された核酸についてサイクルシーケンス反応を行う工程の少なくとも1つと、キャピラリ電気泳動により核酸を分析する工程にそれぞれ対応する複数の区画が流路によって接続された前処理・電気泳動用一体型カートリッジを載置する載置台と、前記カートリッジ内の溶液温度を調整する温度調整機構と、キャピラリ電気泳動機構と、調節弁の開閉を制御し、第1及び第2の区画内及び間の送液を制御すると共に、前記キャピラリ電気泳動機構の制御を通じ、電気泳動動作を制御するコントローラとを有する前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動装置における前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動方法において、
前記コントローラは、
前処理・電気泳動用一体型カートリッジを構成する第1の区画の構造に応じ、
前記生体サンプルから核酸を抽出する工程と、目的の領域についてPCR反応を行う工程と、増幅された核酸についてサイクルシーケンス反応を行う工程の少なくとも1つと、キャピラリ電気泳動により核酸を分析する工程までの全工程の自動実行を制御する
ことを特徴とする前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動方法。 - 請求項8に記載の前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動方法において、
前処理に対応する区画が、PCR反応を行う工程に対応する1つの区画構造のみを有するとき、
前記コントローラは、生体サンプルから精製された核酸の溶液を、前記区画構造内の反応槽に注入した後に前記前処理を開始する
ことを特徴とする前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動方法。 - 請求項8に記載の前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動方法において、
前処理に対応する区画が、PCR反応を行う工程とサイクルシーケンス反応を行う工程に対応する2つの区画構造を有するとき、
前記コントローラは、生体サンプルから精製された核酸の溶液を、前記区画構造内の反応槽に注入して前処理を開始する
ことを特徴とする前処理一体型キャピラリ電気泳動方法。
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