WO2014010471A1 - エッチング液、エッチング力回復剤、太陽電池用半導体基板の製造方法、及び太陽電池用半導体基板 - Google Patents
エッチング液、エッチング力回復剤、太陽電池用半導体基板の製造方法、及び太陽電池用半導体基板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014010471A1 WO2014010471A1 PCT/JP2013/068150 JP2013068150W WO2014010471A1 WO 2014010471 A1 WO2014010471 A1 WO 2014010471A1 JP 2013068150 W JP2013068150 W JP 2013068150W WO 2014010471 A1 WO2014010471 A1 WO 2014010471A1
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- Prior art keywords
- etching
- etching solution
- semiconductor substrate
- solar cell
- substrate
- Prior art date
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- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- -1 sulfonic acid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- JIRHAGAOHOYLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1OC1CCCC1 JIRHAGAOHOYLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CVLHGLWXLDOELD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(Propan-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 CVLHGLWXLDOELD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 90
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-Dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1CC(=O)OC1(C)C AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000673 Indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- POWFTOSLLWLEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrasodium;silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] POWFTOSLLWLEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K13/00—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions
- C09K13/04—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an inorganic acid
- C09K13/06—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an inorganic acid with organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
- H01L31/02363—Special surface textures of the semiconductor body itself, e.g. textured active layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an etching solution, an etching power recovery agent, a method for manufacturing a solar cell semiconductor substrate, and a solar cell semiconductor substrate.
- Patent Document 1 by adding a specific aliphatic carboxylic acid and silicon to an alkaline etching solution, the etching rate when etching the substrate surface is stabilized, and a pyramid having a desired size is formed. A method for uniformly forming irregularities on a substrate surface is described.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate for a solar cell in which irregularities of a desired size are uniformly formed on the substrate surface.
- the etching solution described in Patent Document 1 if the etching process on the substrate surface is continued without exchanging the etching solution, it becomes difficult to form unevenness of a desired size uniformly on the substrate surface.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems.
- the object of the present invention is to provide unevenness of a desired size on the substrate surface even when a large number of solar cell semiconductor substrates are continuously etched.
- the object is to provide a technique for uniform formation.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, it has been found that the above problem can be solved by using an alkaline etching solution containing at least one selected from a specific sulfonic acid compound and a salt thereof and silicic acid and / or silicate. It came to complete. More specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- An alkaline etching solution for treating the surface of a semiconductor substrate for solar cells at least one selected from a sulfonic acid compound represented by the following general formula (I) and a salt thereof, and silicic acid And / or an etchant containing silicate.
- n is an integer of 0 to 5
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- An etching power recovery agent that recovers the etching power by adding to the etching liquid after treating the semiconductor substrate for solar cells with the etching liquid according to (1) or (2), Etching power recovery agent containing at least 1 type selected from the sulfonic acid compound represented by the following general formula (I), and its salt, and / or an alkali.
- a method for producing a semiconductor substrate for a solar cell comprising an etching step of etching the substrate surface of the semiconductor substrate for solar cells with the etching solution according to (1) or (2) to form irregularities on the substrate surface.
- a semiconductor substrate for a solar cell obtained by etching the surface with the etching solution according to (1) or (2).
- the etching solution of the present invention is an alkaline etching solution for treating the surface of a semiconductor substrate for solar cells, and at least one selected from a specific sulfonic acid compound and a salt thereof, silicic acid and / or silicate. Including. Further, since the etching solution of the present invention is alkaline, it also contains at least one kind of alkali.
- the sulfonic acid compound contained in the etching solution of the present invention is represented by the following general formula (I).
- the following sulfonic acid compound is contained in an alkaline etching solution together with silicic acid and / or silicate, the number of times the etching solution can be repeatedly used without changing the etching solution is greatly increased.
- the etching solution is less likely to foam. As a result, the etching solution contacts the substrate surface without unevenness, and it becomes easy to form pyramidal irregularities uniformly on the substrate surface.
- the sulfonic acid represented by the following general formula (I) is less odorous than aliphatic carboxylic acids such as heptanoic acid, and if toluenesulfonic acid is used, the working environment such as etching treatment can be improved.
- n is an integer of 0 to 5
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- N is preferably 1 or more and 5 or less.
- n is 1 or more, it is preferable because the etching process of the substrate surface can be promoted, and when n is 5 or more, it is not preferable because the etching process is hindered.
- a more preferable range of n is 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms may be linear or branched.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group is particularly preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms is within the above preferred range, the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group of the compound represented by the general formula (I) is reduced. As a result, the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the etching solution can be reduced.
- substitution position of R on the benzene ring is preferably the para-position or ortho-position of the sulfo group, particularly preferably the para-position of the sulfo group.
- sulfonic acid compounds represented by the general formula (I) benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, and cumenesulfonic acid are most preferable.
- toluenesulfonic acid pyramidal irregularities having a desired size can be formed uniformly on the substrate surface.
- toluenesulfonic acid is less odorous than aliphatic carboxylic acids such as caprylic acid. Therefore, if toluenesulfonic acid is used, the working environment such as etching can be improved.
- the concentration of the sulfonic acid compound in the etching solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.005 to 2.0 mol / L. If the said density
- silicic acid and / or silicate The kind of silicic acid and / or silicate contained in the etching solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of metal silicon, silica, silicic acid and silicate.
- the silicate is preferably an alkali metal silicate, for example, sodium silicate such as sodium orthosilicate (Na 4 SiO 4 .nH 2 O) and sodium metasilicate (Na 2 SiO 3 .nH 2 O), Examples thereof include potassium silicates such as K 4 SiO 4 .nH 2 O and K 2 SiO 3 .nH 2 O, and lithium silicates such as Li 4 SiO 4 .nH 2 O and Li 2 SiO 3 .nH 2 O. These silicates can be used by adding the compound itself to the etching solution, or by directly dissolving silicon materials such as silicon wafers, silicon ingots, silicon cutting powders, etc. or silicon dioxide in an alkali as a reaction product. The obtained silicate compound may be used as a silicate.
- sodium silicate such as sodium orthosilicate (Na 4 SiO 4 .nH 2 O) and sodium metasilicate (Na 2 SiO 3 .nH 2 O)
- potassium silicates such as K
- the content of silicic acid and / or silicate in the etching solution of the present invention (the content of silicic acid when containing only silicic acid, the content of silicate when containing only silicate, silicic acid and When silicate is included, the total amount thereof) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 g / L or more, more preferably 2.5 g / L or more, and further preferably 5 g / L or more. .
- the upper limit of the content of silicic acid and / or silicate in the etching solution of the present invention is preferably 60 g / L or less, and more preferably 30 g / L or less.
- the content of the above silicic acid and / or silicate affects the stabilization of the etching rate.
- the content of silicic acid and / or silicate that stabilizes the etching rate varies depending on conditions such as the concentration of alkali described later and the temperature of the etching solution during etching. For this reason, what is necessary is just to determine the content of the optimal silicic acid and / or silicate according to the density
- Alkali is a component necessary for forming pyramidal irregularities on the substrate surface when the substrate surface is etched with an etchant.
- the type of alkali contained in the etching solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, and both organic alkali and inorganic alkyl can be used.
- organic alkali for example, a quaternary ammonium salt such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, an alkanolamine and the like are preferable.
- inorganic alkali hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide are preferable, and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is particularly preferable. These alkalis may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of alkali in the etching solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 2 to 30% by mass, and further preferably 3 to 25% by mass.
- the alkali concentration is 3% by mass or more, the durability of the etching solution is remarkably increased, and even when the etching solution is repeatedly used, irregularities of a desired size can be uniformly formed on the substrate surface.
- the etching solution of the present invention may contain other components as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a chelating agent, an amino acid, a high molecular polymer, glycol ethers or the like as an auxiliary agent, the effect (incident incident light is efficiently taken into the substrate) by including the sulfonic acid compound can be enhanced.
- the method for preparing the etching solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be adopted. However, when preparing the etching solution, a sulfonic acid compound, silicic acid and / or silicate in this order. It is preferable to add.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor substrate for solar cells of this invention is equipped with the etching process of etching the board
- a single crystal silicon substrate is preferable, but a single crystal semiconductor substrate using a semiconductor compound such as copper / indium or gallium arsenide can also be used.
- the method of bringing the etching solution of the present invention into contact with the substrate surface is not particularly limited, but a method of immersing the semiconductor substrate for solar cells in the etching solution is preferable.
- the production method of the present invention will be described with reference to the method of immersion.
- the etching step in the dipping method is, for example, a step of putting the etching solution of the present invention in a predetermined container and immersing the solar cell semiconductor substrate therein.
- the temperature of the etching solution in the container is not particularly limited and can be set as appropriate, but it is preferably in the range of 70 to 98 ° C. in consideration of production and quality.
- the immersion time of the solar cell semiconductor substrate in the etching solution in the etching step is not particularly limited and can be appropriately set. However, considering production and quality, it is preferably 10 to 40 minutes.
- the etching solution of the present invention since the etching solution of the present invention is used, it is possible to continuously add a new etching solution to the container without replacing the etching solution in the container with a new etching solution. As a result, pyramidal irregularities of a desired size can be uniformly formed on the surface of a larger number of semiconductor substrates for solar ionization than in the past.
- the etching solution of the present invention has a high effect of recovering the etching power of the deteriorated etching solution when a new etching solution is added to the deteriorated etching solution.
- the above high etching power recovery effect can be obtained by replacing 10% or more of the etching solution with a new etching solution.
- the etching power of the deteriorated etching solution can be recovered by adding the sulfonic acid compound or the alkali to the deteriorated etching solution.
- the above high etching power recovery effect can be obtained by adding an amount corresponding to 1% by mass or more of the total amount of the etching solution to the etching solution.
- both the sulfonic acid compound and the alkali may be added to the deteriorated etching solution.
- Etching power can be recovered by adding alkali to an etching solution that has deteriorated by repeatedly treating a semiconductor substrate for solar cells.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula (I) can be used together so that the etching process can be recovered without replacing the deteriorated etching solution. .
- the initial building bath etching solution can be used continuously, so that the industrial value is enhanced.
- the semiconductor substrate for solar cells manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention is a semiconductor substrate for solar cells manufactured using the etching solution of the present invention, and the substrate surface has a maximum side length of 1 to 30 ⁇ m at the bottom,
- the upper limit is preferably 25 ⁇ m, more preferably the upper limit is 20 ⁇ m, and pyramid-shaped uniform irregularities are formed.
- a semiconductor substrate for solar cells with high productivity and low reflectance can be obtained.
- the pyramidal irregularities are convex portions formed by arranging pyramidal (quadrangular pyramidal) convex portions on the surface of the semiconductor substrate for solar cells.
- pyramidal irregularities of a desired size are uniformly formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate for a solar cell formed by etching using the etching solution of the present invention.
- “Uniformly formed” means that pyramid-shaped irregularities are formed with almost no gap between pyramid-shaped convex portions. Therefore, the semiconductor substrate surface for solar cells formed by etching using a conventionally known etching solution and the semiconductor substrate surface for solar cells formed by etching using the etching solution of the present invention have pyramidal unevenness. A distinction can be made based on the size variation, the size of the interval between the pyramidal projections, and the like. Note that the degree to which the irregularities are arranged without gaps also depends on the type of sulfonic acid compound used. When p-toluenesulfonic acid is used, irregularities are arranged on the substrate surface with almost no gap, and as described above, in the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- the alkali concentration in the etching solution is set to 5% by mass or more, pyramidal irregularities become large.
- the surface of the substrate is observed with a scanning electron microscope, 80 pyramids are extracted, and the maximum side length of the bottom surface is measured to be about 10 to 15 ⁇ m. become.
- the purpose is to form such large irregularities, it is preferable because desired irregularities can be formed on the substrate surface while sufficiently improving the durability of the etching solution.
- Example 1 The (100) surface was added to an etching solution in which 50 g / L (0.32 mol / L) of p-toluenesulfonic acid and a predetermined amount (30 g / L) of potassium silicate as a silicate were added to an 8% by mass KOH aqueous solution.
- a single crystal silicon substrate (30 mm square on each side, 150 ⁇ m thick) on the surface was immersed at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes. Further, the substrate surface after the etching treatment was observed with a scanning electron microscope, the pyramid size was measured for 80 pyramid shapes, and the average pyramid size and the standard deviation were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the above scanning electron microscope was JSM-5310 manufactured by JEOL Ltd. and observed at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV.
- the substrate surface of 199 single crystal silicon substrates was repeatedly etched using the above etching solution.
- the substrate surface after the etching treatment was observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the above average pyramid size and standard deviation were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- etching solution obtained by adding 50 g / L (0.35 mol / L) of caprylic acid to a 8% by mass KOH aqueous solution and a predetermined amount (30 g / L) of potassium silicate as a silicate has a (100) surface on the surface.
- a single crystal silicon substrate (one side 30 mm square, thickness 150 ⁇ m) was immersed at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes. Further, the substrate surface after the etching treatment was observed with a scanning electron microscope, the pyramid size was measured for 80 arbitrarily selected pyramid shapes, and the average pyramid size and the standard deviation were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the substrate surface of 199 single crystal silicon substrates was repeatedly etched using the above etching solution.
- the substrate surface after the etching treatment was observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the above average pyramid size and standard deviation were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 400 single crystal silicon substrates were etched using the same etchant as in Example 1.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- the evaluation criteria for the surface condition are as follows. A: Pyramid is uniformly formed on the wafer surface B: Unevenness is generated on the wafer surface, but some pyramids are formed F: Pyramid is not formed
- Example 4 7% by mass KOH aqueous solution and 7% p-toluenesulfonic acid were added to the etching solution after treating 400 single crystal silicon substrates. Except for this, the evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 2. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Weting (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
下記一般式(I)で表されるスルホン酸化合物及びその塩から選択される少なくとも一種、及び/又はアルカリを含むエッチング力回復剤。
本発明のエッチング液は、太陽電池用半導体基板の表面を処理するためのアルカリ性のエッチング液であり、特定のスルホン酸化合物及びその塩から選択される少なくとも一種と、ケイ酸及び/又はケイ酸塩とを含む。また、本発明のエッチング液はアルカリ性であるため、少なくとも一種のアルカリも含む。
本発明のエッチング液に含まれるスルホン酸化合物は、下記一般式(I)で表される。下記のスルホン酸化合物がケイ酸及び/又はケイ酸塩と共にアルカリ性のエッチング液に含まれることで、エッチング液を交換等せずにエッチング液を繰り返し使用できる回数が大幅に増加する。また、下記一般式で表される化合物を使用すれば、エッチング液が泡立ちにくくなる。その結果、エッチング液が基板表面にムラ無く接触し、ピラミッド状の凹凸を基板表面に均一に形成させやすくなる。また、下記一般式(I)で表されるスルホン酸は、ヘプタン酸等の脂肪族カルボン酸と比較して臭いにくく、トルエンスルホン酸を使用すれば、エッチング処理等の作業環境を改善できる。
本発明のエッチング液に含まれるケイ酸及び/又はケイ酸塩の種類は特に限定されないが、金属シリコン、シリカ、ケイ酸及びケイ酸塩からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であることが好ましい。
アルカリは、エッチング液で基板表面をエッチングした際に、ピラミッド状の凹凸を基板表面に形成させるために必要な成分である。
本発明のエッチング液には、本発明の効果を害さない範囲で、その他の成分が含まれていてもよい。例えば、助剤としてキレート剤、アミノ酸、高分子ポリマー、グリコールエーテル類等を含むことで、スルホン酸化合物を含むことによる効果(入射光を効率よく基盤内に取り込む)を高めることができる。
本発明のエッチング液の調製方法は特に限定されず、従来公知の方法を採用することができるが、エッチング液を調製する際には、スルホン酸化合物、ケイ酸及び/又はケイ酸塩の順で添加することが好ましい。
本発明の太陽電池用半導体基板の製造方法は、本発明のエッチング液で、太陽電池用半導体基板の基板表面をエッチングして、基板表面に凹凸を形成させるエッチング工程を備える。
本発明の製造方法で製造される太陽電池用半導体基板は、本発明のエッチング液を用いて製造した太陽電池用半導体基板であり、その基板表面には、底面の最大辺長が1~30μm、好ましくはその上限値が25μm、さらに好ましくは上限が20μmであり、ピラミッド状の均一な凹凸が形成されている。さらに、本発明によれば、高い生産性で低反射率の太陽電池用半導体基板を得ることができる。本発明のエッチング液を用いれば、従来のエッチング液を使用するよりも、所望の大きさの上記凹凸を均一に基板表面に形成させることができる。なお、ピラミッド状の凹凸とは、ピラミッド状(四角錐状)の凸部が太陽電池用半導体基板表面に並ぶことで形成される凸部である。
8質量%のKOH水溶液にp-トルエンスルホン酸を50g/L(0.32mol/L)、ケイ酸塩としてケイ酸カリウムを所定量(30g/L)添加したエッチング溶液に、(100)面を表面に有する単結晶シリコン基板(1辺30mm正方形、厚さ150μm)を80℃で20分間浸漬させた。また、エッチング処理後の基板表面を走査電子顕微鏡で観察し、80個のピラミッド形状についてピラミッドサイズを測定し、平均ピラミッドサイズと標準偏差を評価した。結果を表1に示した。
8質量%のKOH水溶液にカプリル酸を50g/L(0.35mol/L)、ケイ酸塩としてケイ酸カリウムを所定量(30g/L)添加したエッチング溶液に、(100)面を表面に有する単結晶シリコン基板(1辺30mm正方形、厚さ150μm)を80℃で20分間浸漬させた。また、エッチング処理後の基板表面を走査電子顕微鏡で観察し、任意に選んだ80個のピラミッド形状についてピラミッドサイズを測定し、平均ピラミッドサイズと標準偏差を評価した。結果を表1に示した。
400個の単結晶シリコン基板を、実施例1と同様のエッチング液を用いてエッチング処理を行った。
A:ウエハー表面がムラなく均一にピラミッドが形成されている
B:ウエハー表面にムラが発生しているが一部ピラミッドが形成されている
F:ピラミッドが形成されていない
400個の単結晶シリコン基板を処理した後のエッチング液に対して、7質量%のKOHをエッチング液に添加し、実施例2と同様の方法で評価をした。評価結果を表2に示した。
400個の単結晶シリコン基板を処理した後のエッチング液に対して、7質量%のKOH水溶液と7%のp-トルエンスルホン酸をエッチング液に添加した。このこと以外は実施例2と同様の方法で評価をした。評価結果を表2に示した。
400個の単結晶シリコン基板を、比較例1と同様のエッチング液を用いてエッチング処理を行った。
400個の単結晶シリコン基板を処理した後のエッチング液に対して、7質量%のKOHをエッチング液に添加し、実施例2と同様の方法で評価をした。評価結果を表2に示した。
400個の単結晶シリコン基板を処理した後のエッチング液に対して、7質量%のKOH水溶液と7%のカプリル酸をエッチング液に添加した。このこと以外は実施例2と同様の方法で評価をした。評価結果を表2に示した。
Claims (5)
- 前記スルホン酸化合物は、ベンゼンスルホン酸、トルエンスルホン酸、キシレンスルホン酸、キュメンスルホン酸である請求項1に記載のエッチング液。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のエッチング液で太陽電池用半導体基板を処理した後に、前記エッチング液に添加してエッチング力を回復させるエッチング力回復剤であって、
下記一般式(I)で表されるスルホン酸化合物及びその塩から選択される少なくとも一種、及び/又はアルカリを含むエッチング力回復剤。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のエッチング液で、太陽電池用半導体基板の基板表面をエッチングして、前記基板表面に凹凸を形成させるエッチング工程を備える太陽電池用半導体基板の製造方法。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のエッチング液で、表面をエッチング処理してなる太陽電池用半導体基板。
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