WO2014007152A1 - 高炉操業方法 - Google Patents
高炉操業方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014007152A1 WO2014007152A1 PCT/JP2013/067788 JP2013067788W WO2014007152A1 WO 2014007152 A1 WO2014007152 A1 WO 2014007152A1 JP 2013067788 W JP2013067788 W JP 2013067788W WO 2014007152 A1 WO2014007152 A1 WO 2014007152A1
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- pulverized coal
- furnace
- lance
- blown
- reducing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/16—Tuyéres
- C21B7/163—Blowpipe assembly
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for operating a blast furnace, and in particular, a method for operating a blast furnace that is effective in improving productivity and reducing the basic unit of reducing material by blowing a solid reducing material such as pulverized coal from a tuyere of a blast furnace. is there.
- the ratio of low reducing material (low RAR: Abbreviation for Reduction Agent Ratio) is the sum of reducing material blown from the tuyere and coke charged from the top of the furnace per ton of pig iron. (Amount) Operation is being promoted.
- Blast furnaces mainly use coke and pulverized coal as reducing materials. Therefore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned low reducing material ratio and suppression of carbon dioxide emission, the combustion rate of the pulverized coal is improved, and the amount of powder generated in the furnace is reduced to improve the air permeability in the furnace. The improvement method is considered to be effective.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a method of improving the combustion rate of pulverized coal by co-firing LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) and pulverized coal.
- patent document 2 has proposed the method of promoting combustion of pulverized coal with the volatile matter by using pulverized coal with much volatile matter.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a method for coping with a reduced diameter portion in the tuyere.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a method for improving the combustibility of pulverized coal by simultaneously blowing a solid reducing material and oxygen from a tuyere lance.
- patent document 5 when using oxygen for the purpose of the improvement of the combustion rate of pulverized coal, the method of raising the temperature of the oxygen and improving the combustion efficiency of pulverized coal is proposed.
- JP 2006-233332 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-241815 Japanese Patent No. 3644856 Japanese Patent No. 4074467 JP-A-8-260010
- Patent Document 1 has a problem that LNG is expensive and a large amount of LNG is required to improve the combustion rate of pulverized coal. Further, the method disclosed in Patent Document 3 requires modification of the tuyere and causes an increase in equipment cost.
- the blast furnace operating method disclosed in Patent Document 2 is more effective in reducing the reducing material basic unit by improving the combustion rate of pulverized coal compared to the method of blowing pulverized coal having a low volatile content from the tuyere.
- the combustion rate is improved, the combustion point moves to the furnace wall side due to an increase in the combustion speed, so that heat removal from the furnace wall increases and the thermal efficiency of the blast furnace decreases.
- the pressure loss at the tuyere due to the rapid expansion of gas is increased, the blowing pressure is increased, and the running cost is increased.
- An object of the present invention is to propose a blast furnace operating method capable of improving the combustion rate of a solid reducing material without incurring heat removal or pressure loss.
- the present invention provides a method for operating a blast furnace in which the solid reducing material is charged from the top of the furnace while blowing from the tuyere through the lance.
- the blowing amount is 150 kg / t or more per ton of pig iron
- a double-pipe lance is used as the lance
- the solid reducing material is blown from the inner pipe, and between the inner pipe and the outer pipe is 100 ° C.
- a blast furnace operating method is proposed in which the following oxygen is blown in and a solid reducing material for blowing is used having an average volatile content of more than 25 mass% and 50 mass% or less.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a method for simultaneously injecting a solid reducing material (pulverized coal) and oxygen into the blast furnace from the tuyere to improve the combustibility of the pulverized coal.
- this method uses pulverized coal with a low volatile content. This is because pulverized coal with a low volatile content has a high calorific value, so using such a low volatile coal can improve the combustibility in the lower part of the furnace, and in turn reduce the coke used to maintain the temperature in the lower part of the furnace. This is because it can be reduced.
- the amount of pulverized coal injected from the tuyere per ton of pig iron (hereinafter referred to as the “pulverized coal ratio”) is 150 kg / t or more, or when the coke strength [DI 150 15 ] is 85% or less. Since the increase in the furnace powder has a greater influence on the reducing material ratio than the heat generated by the blown pulverized coal, it is more advantageous to use pulverized coal with a high volatile content.
- the inventors have obtained the following knowledge about the strength of coke charged into the blast furnace from the top of the blast furnace.
- the lower the coke strength the easier it is to generate coke powder of 15 mm or less due to the effects of load and friction in the furnace.
- the amount of the coke powder is larger than the amount consumed in the solution loss reaction (a reaction in which solid carbon reacts with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide)
- a part of the coke powder is reduced in the central region ( Hereinafter, it will be deposited on the “core”.
- the amount of the deposited coke powder increases, the hot air blown from the tuyere does not pass through the furnace core, but passes through the furnace wall (hereinafter, this phenomenon is referred to as “uneven flow”).
- the flow of hot air drifts to the furnace wall side in this way, the amount of heat extracted from the furnace wall increases, or the reaction efficiency between the reducing gas and the ore decreases, leading to an increase in the reducing material ratio.
- Patent Document 5 it is stated that it is desirable for combustion of pulverized coal to raise the oxygen temperature.
- the temperature of the oxygen is increased, the surface temperature of the lance also increases as will be described later, which causes deformation and erosion of the lance, poor pulverized coal blowing, and tuyere It causes troubles such as wear. For this reason, it is desirable to adjust the temperature of oxygen blown from the lance to a temperature below which the lance is deformed.
- the solid reducing material charged from the top of the furnace is coke whose strength: [DI 150 15 [%]] measured by the test method described in JIS K2151 is 85 or less, (2)
- the solid reducing material for blowing uses a material containing 10 mass% or more of a solid reducing material having a volatile content of 30 mass% to 60 mass%, (3)
- the solid reducing material for blowing is pulverized coal;
- the pulverized coal ratio is 150 kg / t (pig iron: the following is omitted) and the strength of coke charged from the top of the blast furnace [DI 150 15 [%]]
- a double pipe lance is used to blow a solid reducing material from the inner pipe thereof, and to blow oxygen of 100 ° C. or less from between the inner pipe and the outer pipe.
- the reducing material those having an average volatile content of more than 25 mass% and not more than 50 mass% are used, so that the combustion rate of the solid reducing material can be improved without causing heat removal from the furnace wall or pressure loss in the lower part of the furnace.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of a blast furnace 1 to which the blast furnace operating method of the present embodiment is applied.
- the blast furnace 1 is provided with a tuyere 3 at the bosch part, and a tuyere 2 is connected to the tuyere 3 for blowing hot air.
- a lance 4 for blowing solid fuel or the like is attached to the blower pipe 2.
- a combustion space called a raceway 5 is formed in the coke deposit layer portion in the furnace in front of the hot air blowing direction from the tuyere 3. Hot metal is mainly generated in this combustion space.
- FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing a combustion state when only pulverized coal 6 which is a solid reducing material is blown into the furnace through the tuyere 3 from the lance 4.
- the volatile matter and fixed carbon of the pulverized coal 6 passed through the tuyere 3 from the lance 4 and blown into the raceway 5 are burned together with the in-furnace coke 7 and remain without being burned.
- An aggregate of carbon and ash, that is, char, is discharged from the raceway 5 as unburned char 8.
- the speed of the hot air in front of the tuyere 3 in the hot air blowing direction is about 200 m / sec.
- the distance from the tip of the lance 4 to the inside of the raceway 5, that is, the region where O 2 exists is about 0.3 to 0.5 m. Accordingly, the temperature rise of the blown pulverized coal particles and the contact (dispersibility) between the pulverized coal and O 2 need to be reacted in a short time of substantially 1/1000 second.
- FIG. 3 shows a combustion mechanism when only pulverized coal (PC: Pulverized Coal) 6 is blown into the blower pipe 2 through the lance 4.
- PC Pulverized Coal
- the pulverized coal 6 blown into the raceway 5 from the tuyere 3 is heated by radiant heat transfer from the flame in the raceway 5, and the temperature of the pulverized coal 6 is rapidly increased by radiant heat transfer and conduction heat transfer.
- thermal decomposition is started when the temperature is raised to 300 ° C. or more, and the volatile components are ignited and burned (a flame is formed), reaching a temperature of 1400 to 1700 ° C.
- the pulverized coal from which volatile matter has been released becomes the char 8. Since the char 8 is mainly composed of fixed carbon, a carbon dissolution reaction occurs together with the combustion reaction.
- FIG. 4 shows a combustion mechanism when pulverized coal 6 having a high volatile content is blown into the blower pipe 2 through the lance 4.
- pulverized coal 6 having a high volatile content is blown in this way, an increase in the volatile content promotes ignition of the pulverized coal 6 and an increase in the amount of combustion due to the volatile content.
- the temperature rise rate and the maximum temperature of the pulverized coal are increased, the dispersibility of the pulverized coal is increased, and the reaction rate of the char is improved by the temperature increase.
- the pulverized coal 6 is dispersed by vaporization and expansion of the volatile component and causes combustion of the volatile component, and the pulverized coal itself is rapidly heated and heated by the combustion heat. Further, in this case, the combustion of the pulverized coal occurs at a position close to the furnace wall, so that heat removal from the tuyere 3 and pressure loss in the furnace increase.
- FIG. 5 shows a combustion mechanism when pulverized coal 6 having a high volatile content and low-temperature oxygen of 100 ° C. or less (hereinafter referred to as “cold oxygen”) are simultaneously blown from the lance 4 into the blower pipe 2. is there.
- cold oxygen low-temperature oxygen
- the lance is prevented from being deformed or melted when high-temperature oxygen is supplied, and an increase in pressure loss in the blower pipe 2 due to rapid combustion is prevented.
- it is possible to achieve both a combustion rate improving effect and a heat removal preventing effect from the furnace wall.
- the inventors conducted a combustion experiment using a combustion experimental apparatus simulating a blast furnace shown in FIG.
- the experimental furnace 11 used in this experimental apparatus is filled with coke and provided with a viewing window so that the inside of the raceway 15 can be observed.
- a blower pipe 12 is also attached to the experimental furnace 11, and hot air generated by an externally installed combustion burner 13 can be blown into the experimental furnace 11 through the blower pipe 12. The amount of oxygen enrichment into the inside can be adjusted.
- a lance 14 is inserted into the air duct 12. The lance 14 is used to blow one or both of pulverized coal and oxygen into the blower pipe 12.
- the exhaust gas generated in the experimental furnace 11 is separated into exhaust gas and dust through a separator 16 called a cyclone, and the exhaust gas is sent to an exhaust gas treatment facility such as an auxiliary combustion furnace, and the dust is collected in a collection box 17. To do.
- the blowing condition was 50 kg / h (corresponding to 158 kg / t in the hot metal unit).
- the condition for blowing oxygen from the lance 14 was 12 Nm 3 / h (corresponding to 3% oxygen enrichment).
- the coke used was [DI 150 15 [%]] 83 according to the test method described in JIS K2151.
- the blowing conditions are: blowing temperature: 1200 ° C., flow rate: 350 Nm 3 / h, flow rate: 80 m / s, O 2 enrichment is +3.7 (oxygen concentration 24.7%, air oxygen concentration 21%, 3 .7% enrichment).
- the evaluation of the experimental results is based on various changes in the volatile content of pulverized coal, and the burning rate when only pulverized coal is blown from a single pipe lance (using N 2 as the medium), heat removal from the tuyere
- the pressure loss in the furnace, the combustion rate when pulverized coal and oxygen were simultaneously blown using a double pipe lance, the heat removal from the tuyere, and the pressure loss in the furnace were evaluated.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the volatile content of the pulverized coal and the combustion rate.
- the combustion rate starts to increase greatly from 25 mass% of the volatile matter of the pulverized coal, reaches a maximum at 45 mass%, and reaches 45 mass.
- the effect of improving the combustion rate was saturated at% or more. This is because, when the volatile matter is 45 mass% or more, the heat generated by the combustion of the volatile matter escapes to the blast, so that the heat used for raising the temperature of the pulverized coal reaches a peak, and the combustion rate does not increase any more. it is conceivable that.
- the relationship between pulverized coal and the combustion rate is that when pulverized coal (high volatile dispersion) and cold oxygen are blown simultaneously using a double pipe lance, only pulverized coal is blown from a single pipe lance. In comparison, the overall combustion rate is improved. This is because the combustion rate of the pulverized coal increased due to the increase in the oxygen concentration in the vicinity of the pulverized coal.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the volatile matter of pulverized coal and the heat extracted from the tuyere. As shown in this figure, when only pulverized coal is blown from a single pipe lance, the heat removal from the furnace wall increases as the volatile content increases. This is thought to be because the combustion speed of pulverized coal increased due to the increase in volatile content, and the combustion point shifted to the furnace wall side.
- the relationship between the volatile matter of the pulverized coal and the heat extracted from the tuyere is when a double lance is used and pulverized coal with high volatile content (highly volatile dispersion) and cold oxygen are blown simultaneously.
- the heat removal from the furnace wall is generally reduced. This is because the temperature rise rate of pulverized coal is reduced by cold oxygen, and the combustion point is shifted to the inside of the furnace.
- the cold oxygen (100 degrees C or less oxygen blown from a lance) used for the said experiment was prepared as follows. That is, the cold oxygen blown from the lance was obtained by a cryogenic separation treatment so that the temperature was 20 ° C. or less at the lance portion.
- tip part of a lance is inserted in the high temperature ventilation pipe 2, it receives the thermal influence from the hot air in the ventilation pipe 2, or the wall surface of the ventilation pipe 2.
- the temperature of oxygen supplied from the lance can also be adjusted by adjusting the insertion depth of the lance into the blower tube 2.
- the temperature of oxygen blown from the lance can be adjusted to 100 ° C. or lower by adjusting the insertion depth of the lance, the oxygen supply temperature to the lance does not need to be 20 ° C. or lower.
- FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the volatile content of blown pulverized coal and the pressure loss in the furnace.
- the pressure loss at the bottom of the furnace decreases with an increase in the volatile content up to 29 mass%, and the volatile content at 29 mass% or more.
- the volatile content is 29 mass%, the breathability in the furnace is improved due to the decrease in unburned powder, whereas when the volatile content is 29 mass% or more, the combustion gas is biased toward the furnace wall.
- the relationship between the volatile content of pulverized coal and the pressure in the furnace shows that the pulverized coal with high volatile content and cold oxygen are blown simultaneously using a double-pipe lance.
- the pressure loss in the lower part of the furnace is reduced as a whole, and especially when pulverized coal having a volatile content of 30 mass% or more is blown, a low pressure loss is maintained. This is because the temperature rise rate of the pulverized coal is reduced by cold oxygen, and the gas drift is suppressed by the combustion point shifting to the inside of the furnace.
- the solid reducing material (pulverized coal) having an average volatile content of 25 to 50 mass is mixed with the solid reducing material (pulverized coal) having a volatile content of 30 to 60 mass% by 10% or more by weight. It can be seen that the effect of reducing the pressure loss can be obtained with certainty.
- the coke replacement ratio is a coke ratio (kg / t) that can be reduced when the pulverized coal ratio is increased by 1 kg / t in blast furnace operation.
- the coke replacement ratio decreases with an increase in the pulverized coal ratio. This is because the amount of coke powder that accumulates in the furnace core increases due to an increase in the unburned powder of pulverized coal in the furnace. This is because the gas flows in a direction biased to the furnace wall side, and the reaction and heat exchange efficiency of the furnace are reduced.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the temperature of oxygen blown from the lance and the lance surface temperature.
- the lance surface temperature also increases as the oxygen temperature increases.
- the surface temperature of the double pipe lance exceeds 880 ° C.
- creep deformation occurs and the lance is melted.
- the temperature of oxygen blown from the lance needs to be 100 ° C. or lower.
- the lance is a double pipe, and pulverized coal (solid reducing material) is blown from the inner pipe,
- the pulverized coal (solid reducing material) blown through the lance with oxygen of 100 ° C. or less from between the inner pipe and the outer pipe is used for removing heat by using an average volatile component of more than 25 mass% and 50 mass% or less.
- the combustion rate of pulverized coal (solid reducing material) can be improved, and as a result, the coke replacement rate can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
(1)炉頂から装入される前記固体還元材は、JIS K2151に記載の試験方法によって測定された強度:[DI150 15[%]]が85以下のコークスであること、
(2)吹き込み用の前記固体還元材は、その中に、揮発分が30mass%~60mass%である固体還元材を、10mass%以上含むものを用いること、
(3)吹き込み用の前記固体還元材は、微粉炭であること、
2 送風管
3 羽口
4 ランス
5 レースウエイ
6 微粉炭(固体還元材)
7 コークス
8 チャー
Claims (4)
- 固体還元材を炉頂から装入する一方、羽口からもランスを介して吹き込む高炉の操業方法において、羽口から吹き込む前記固体還元材の吹き込み量が銑鉄1トン当たり150kg/t以上の場合に、前記ランスとして二重管ランスを用い、その内管からは該固体還元材を吹き込むと共に、内管と外管との間からは100℃以下の酸素を吹き込み、かつ吹き込み用固体還元材としては平均揮発分が25mass%超50mass%以下のものを用いることを特徴とする高炉操業方法。
- 炉頂から装入される前記固体還元材は、JIS K2151に記載の試験方法によって測定された強度:[DI150 15[%]]が85以下のコークスであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高炉操業方法。
- 吹き込み用の前記固体還元材は、その中に、揮発分が30mass%~60mass%である固体還元材を、10mass%以上含むものを用いることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の高炉操業方法。
- 吹き込み用の前記固体還元材は、微粉炭であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の高炉操業方法。
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JP2013553691A JP5522325B1 (ja) | 2012-07-03 | 2013-06-28 | 高炉操業方法 |
EP13813190.9A EP2871247B1 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2013-06-28 | Method for operating blast furnace |
CN201380032584.4A CN104379770B (zh) | 2012-07-03 | 2013-06-28 | 高炉操作方法 |
KR1020157001481A KR101608231B1 (ko) | 2012-07-03 | 2013-06-28 | 고로 조업 방법 |
AU2013284587A AU2013284587B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2013-06-28 | Method for operating blast furnace |
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JP2015166490A (ja) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-09-24 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高炉操業方法 |
KR20170029003A (ko) * | 2014-08-27 | 2017-03-14 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 산소 고로로의 미분탄 취입 방법 |
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JP6337613B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-23 | 2018-06-06 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 高炉の操業方法 |
CN108265146B (zh) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-03 | 东北大学 | 一种改善高炉内煤气流分布的垂直式装置 |
CN108220515B (zh) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-03 | 东北大学 | 一种垂直两段式高炉喷吹煤粉方法 |
CN108265141B (zh) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-10-08 | 东北大学 | 一种垂直两段式高炉喷吹煤粉装置 |
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JP2015166490A (ja) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-09-24 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高炉操業方法 |
KR20170029003A (ko) * | 2014-08-27 | 2017-03-14 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 산소 고로로의 미분탄 취입 방법 |
CN106661640A (zh) * | 2014-08-27 | 2017-05-10 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 向氧气高炉吹入粉煤的方法 |
KR102080705B1 (ko) | 2014-08-27 | 2020-02-24 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 산소 고로로의 미분탄 취입 방법 |
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JPWO2014007152A1 (ja) | 2016-06-02 |
AU2013284587A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
JP5522325B1 (ja) | 2014-06-18 |
CN104379770A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
EP2871247B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
KR101608231B1 (ko) | 2016-04-01 |
KR20150023045A (ko) | 2015-03-04 |
CN104379770B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
EP2871247A1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
EP2871247A4 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
AU2013284587B2 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
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