WO2014000246A1 - 一种石墨烯薄膜及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种石墨烯薄膜及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2014000246A1
WO2014000246A1 PCT/CN2012/077843 CN2012077843W WO2014000246A1 WO 2014000246 A1 WO2014000246 A1 WO 2014000246A1 CN 2012077843 W CN2012077843 W CN 2012077843W WO 2014000246 A1 WO2014000246 A1 WO 2014000246A1
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graphene
graphene film
substrate
suspension
film according
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PCT/CN2012/077843
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周明杰
吴凤
王要兵
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海洋王照明科技股份有限公司
深圳市海洋王照明工程有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2012/077843 priority Critical patent/WO2014000246A1/zh
Priority to US14/400,788 priority patent/US20150125758A1/en
Priority to CN201280072979.2A priority patent/CN104271500B/zh
Priority to EP12879617.4A priority patent/EP2868627A4/en
Priority to JP2015518762A priority patent/JP5951896B2/ja
Publication of WO2014000246A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014000246A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182—Graphene
    • C01B32/184—Preparation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2204/00—Structure or properties of graphene
    • C01B2204/04—Specific amount of layers or specific thickness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of new material synthesis, in particular to a graphene film and a preparation method and use thereof.
  • the current collector is a structure or component that collects current. Its main function is to collect the current generated by the active material of the battery, provide an electron channel, accelerate the charge transfer, improve the coulombic efficiency of the charge and discharge, and satisfy the high conductivity and mechanical properties as a current collector. Good, light weight, small internal resistance and so on.
  • Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon atom crystal discovered by Andre K. Geim of the University of Manchester in 2004. Due to its unique structure and optoelectronic properties, it has become a research hotspot in the fields of carbon materials, nanotechnology, condensed matter physics and functional materials, attracting many scientific and technological workers.
  • Single-layer graphene has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion, and its theoretical specific surface area is as high as 2630 m 2 /g (A Peigney, Ch Laurent, et al. Carbon, 2001, 39, 507 ), which can be used for effect transistors. , electrode materials, composite materials, liquid crystal display materials, sensors, etc.
  • Graphene can be prepared into a graphene film by a certain method. Since the specific surface area of graphene is large and its density is low, the graphene film is light in weight, and has high mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity. Basic performance metrics for energy harvesting applications.
  • the preparation method of the graphene film is mainly a filtration method and a spin coating method, wherein the filtration method takes a long time and has low efficiency, and the graphene film prepared by the spin coating method is generally thin and not uniform.
  • the present invention aims to provide a graphene film and a preparation method and use thereof, which are highly conductive and light in weight, and can be applied as a current collector in a supercapacitor and a lithium ion battery, thereby reducing
  • the weight of the current collector solves the problem of low energy density existing in the existing energy storage device, and greatly increases the energy density of the supercapacitor and the lithium ion battery, and the preparation method thereof is simple.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a graphene film, comprising the steps of:
  • the graphene and the cationic surfactant are ultrasonically dispersed in a solvent to obtain a graphene suspension having a positive charge on the surface;
  • the material of the substrate is polypropylene (PP), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC) , polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
  • PP polypropylene
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • the substrate decomposes at a high temperature of 500 to 1000 ° C, is easily removed, and is detached from the graphene film.
  • the cut substrate is sequentially placed in acetone, ethanol, and secondary water for 20 minutes. After the treatment is clean, rinse with a large amount of secondary water and blow dry with nitrogen.
  • the surface positive charge treatment is performed by immersing the substrate in a 1 to 5 g/L aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine for 10 to 30 minutes. Wash out after taking out and blow dry with nitrogen.
  • the strong acid mixture is a concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid mixture having a volume ratio of 1 to 3:1.
  • the drying is carried out under vacuum at 50 to 80 ° C for 12 to 24 hours.
  • the surface of the negatively charged graphene suspension has a concentration of 0.1 to 5 mg/mL.
  • the ultrasonic dispersion time is from 1 to 5 hours.
  • the concentration of the positively charged graphene suspension on the surface is 0.1 to 5 mg/mL.
  • the solvent is distilled water, ethanol, methanol or isopropanol.
  • the cationic surfactant is an ethanolammonium salt or a quaternary ammonium salt.
  • the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium salt.
  • the ethanolic ammonium salt is diethanolamine or triethanolamine.
  • the quaternary ammonium salt is dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride.
  • the substrate with a positive charge on the surface after treatment is immersed in a negatively charged graphene suspension on the surface, and the negatively charged graphene is attached to the substrate by electrostatic attraction, and the surface of the substrate is excessively negatively charged. After being dried, it is immersed in the graphene suspension with positive charge on the surface, and further, the positively charged graphene on the surface is attached to the substrate by electrostatic attraction, washed, and dried to obtain a single layer. Structure of graphene film precursor.
  • the graphene film prepared by electrostatic attraction has a more uniform thickness, a more regular arrangement, and a higher electrical conductivity.
  • the operation of immersing the above-described negatively charged graphene suspension on the surface and the operation of immersing in the surface-charged graphene suspension are alternately repeated a plurality of times to obtain a graphene film precursor having a multilayer structure. Therefore, effective control of the thickness of the graphene film can be achieved.
  • the surface of the prepared graphene film precursor is excessively positively charged, so that it needs to be reduced at a high temperature to obtain a graphene film.
  • the substrate decomposes under high temperature heating and is detached from the product graphene film.
  • the specific operation of the graphene film precursor reduction is as follows: the graphene film precursor is placed in a tube furnace, an inert gas is introduced, and the flow rate of the inert gas is controlled to be 50 to 70 mL/min to 5 to 10 ° C / Min The temperature is raised to 500 ⁇ 1000 °C, and a mixed gas of inert gas and hydrogen is introduced, and the mixture is reduced for 0.5 to 2 hours, cooled to room temperature, and washed with water to obtain a graphene film.
  • the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen, argon or helium.
  • the volume fraction of hydrogen in the mixed gas of the inert gas and the hydrogen gas is 5 to 10%.
  • the present invention provides a graphene film which is prepared by the above method.
  • the thickness of the graphene film is 0.2 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention also provides the use of a graphene film as a current collector in a supercapacitor and a lithium ion battery.
  • the graphene film can be used as a positive or negative current collector for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries. Can greatly improve the energy density of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries.
  • Fig. 1 is a SEM image showing a cross section of a graphene film obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • a method for preparing a graphene film comprising the following steps:
  • the cut PP will be The substrate was sonicated in acetone, ethanol and secondary water for 20 min. After being cleaned, rinsed with a large amount of secondary water, dried with nitrogen, and then immersed in a 1 g / L polyethyleneimine (PEI) aqueous solution. The surface was subjected to surface charge treatment for 30 minutes, taken out, rinsed with secondary water and blown dry with nitrogen to obtain a PP substrate having a positively charged surface.
  • PEI polyethyleneimine
  • the obtained graphene film precursor is placed in a tube furnace, argon gas is introduced to drive off the air in the furnace, and then the flow rate of the argon gas is controlled to 50 mL/min, and the temperature is gradually increased at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C /min to 500 At this time, a mixed gas of argon gas and hydrogen gas (hydrogen volume content 5%) was introduced, and the mixture was reduced at this temperature for 0.5 h to decompose the PP substrate, and the temperature was lowered to room temperature, and the surface was washed with water to obtain a graphene film.
  • argon gas is introduced to drive off the air in the furnace, and then the flow rate of the argon gas is controlled to 50 mL/min, and the temperature is gradually increased at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C /min to 500
  • a mixed gas of argon gas and hydrogen gas hydrogen volume content 5%
  • the graphene film obtained in this example had a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 1 is a SEM image showing a cross section of a graphene film obtained in Example 1 of the present invention. From Figure 1 It can be seen that the graphene film has been successfully prepared, and the cross-sectional arrangement of the graphene film is relatively regular, indicating that the graphene film is relatively uniform.
  • a method for preparing a graphene film comprising the following steps:
  • the cut PC will be The substrate was sonicated in acetone, ethanol and secondary water for 20 min. After being cleaned, rinsed with a large amount of secondary water, dried with nitrogen, and then immersed in a 1 g / L polyethyleneimine (PEI) aqueous solution. The surface was subjected to surface charge treatment for 30 minutes, taken out, rinsed with secondary water and blown dry with nitrogen to obtain a PC substrate having a positively charged surface.
  • PEI polyethyleneimine
  • the obtained graphene film precursor is placed in a tube furnace, nitrogen is introduced to remove the air in the furnace, and then the flow rate of the nitrogen gas is controlled to be 50 mL/min, and the temperature is gradually raised to 500 at a heating rate of 5 ° C /min.
  • a mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen hydrogen volume 5% was introduced, and the mixture was reduced at this temperature for 0.5 h to decompose the PC substrate, and the temperature was lowered to room temperature, and the surface was washed with water to obtain a graphene film.
  • the graphene film obtained in this example had a thickness of 0.6 ⁇ m.
  • a method for preparing a graphene film comprising the following steps:
  • the cut PMMA will be The substrate was sequentially sonicated in acetone, ethanol and secondary water for 20 min. After being cleaned, it was rinsed with a large amount of secondary water, dried with nitrogen, and then immersed in a 3 g / L polyethyleneimine (PEI) aqueous solution. The surface was subjected to surface charge treatment at 20 min, taken out, rinsed with secondary water and blown dry with nitrogen to obtain a PMMA substrate having a positively charged surface.
  • PEI polyethyleneimine
  • the obtained graphene film precursor is placed in a tube furnace, and the helium gas is introduced to remove the air in the furnace, and then the flow rate of the helium gas is controlled to be 60 mL/min, and the temperature is gradually increased at a heating rate of 5 ° C /min to 800 °C, at this time, a mixture of helium and hydrogen (10% hydrogen volume) is introduced, and the mixture is reduced at this temperature for 1 hour, the PMMA substrate is decomposed, the temperature is lowered to room temperature, and the surface is washed with water to obtain a graphene film.
  • the graphene film obtained in this example had a thickness of 0.4 ⁇ m.
  • a method for preparing a graphene film comprising the following steps:
  • the cut PET will be The substrate was sequentially sonicated in acetone, ethanol and secondary water for 20 min. After being cleaned, it was rinsed with a large amount of secondary water, dried with nitrogen, and then immersed in a 5 g / L polyethyleneimine (PEI) aqueous solution. After 10 min of surface charge treatment, it was taken out, rinsed with secondary water and blown dry with nitrogen to obtain a PET substrate having a positively charged surface.
  • PEI polyethyleneimine
  • the obtained graphene film precursor is placed in a tube furnace, argon gas is introduced to drive off the air in the furnace, and then the flow rate of the argon gas is controlled to be 70 mL/min, and the temperature is gradually raised at a heating rate of 5 ° C /min to At 1000 °C, a mixture of argon and hydrogen (hydrogen volume 8%) is introduced at this temperature for 2 h to decompose PET.
  • the substrate was cooled to room temperature, and the surface was washed with water to obtain a graphene film.
  • the graphene film obtained in this example had a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • Example 1 2 3 4 Conductivity 10 4 S/m 1.54 1.46 1.28 1.13
  • the graphene film prepared by the preparation method of the invention has good mechanical properties, uniform thickness, strong electrical conductivity, light weight, easy thickness control, high stability and corrosion resistance, and can be used as a current collector of lithium ion batteries and super capacitors to reduce storage.
  • the quality of the device can greatly increase the energy density of the energy storage device while increasing its service life.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：提供洁净基底，进行表面正电荷化处理；分别制备表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液和表面带有正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；将经过表面处理后的基底浸入到表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中5~20min取出，洗净，吹干，再浸入到表面带正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中5~20min取出，洗净，吹干，如此交替重复10~50次，得到石墨烯薄膜前驱体，在500~1000℃温度下还原，得到石墨烯薄膜。本发明提供的石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，制备工艺简单，薄膜厚度易控制；本发明提供的石墨烯薄膜质量轻，导电性强，可作为超级电容器和锂离子电池的集流体。

Description

一种石墨烯薄膜及其制备方法和用途 技术领域
本发明涉及新材料合成领域，特别是涉及一种石墨烯薄膜及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
集流体是一种汇集电流的结构或零件，主要功能是将电池活性物质产生的电流汇集起来，提供电子通道，加快电荷转移，提高充放电库伦效率，作为集流体需要满足电导率高、机械性能好、质量轻、内阻小等特点。
石墨烯是 2004 年英国曼彻斯特大学的安德烈 ·K· 海姆 (Andre K. Geim) 等 发现的一种二维碳原子晶体。由于其独特的结构和光电性质使其成为碳材料、纳米技术、凝聚态物理和功能材料等领域的研究热点，吸引了诸多科技工作者。单层石墨烯拥有优良的导电、导热性能和低的热膨胀系数，并且其理论比表面积高达 2630m2 /g （ A Peigney, Ch Laurent, et al. Carbon, 2001, 39, 507 ），可用于效应晶体管、电极材料、复合材料、液晶显示材料、传感器等。石墨烯可通过一定的方法制备成石墨烯薄膜，由于石墨烯的比表面积较大，其密度较低，则石墨烯薄膜的质量较轻，同时具有高的机械性能和高电导率也能满足 储能器件集流体应用的基本性能指标。
目前石墨烯薄膜的制备方法主要为过滤法，旋涂法，其中过滤法所耗费的时间较长，效率低，旋涂法制备出的石墨烯薄膜一般比较薄，不够均匀。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明旨在提供一种石墨烯薄膜及其制备方法和用途，该石墨烯薄膜导电性强，质量轻，可应用于超级电容器和锂离子电池中作为集流体，从而通过降低集流体的重量来解决现有储能器件存在的能量密度低的问题，大大提高超级电容器和锂离子电池的能量密度，其制备方法工艺简单。
第一方面，本发明提供一种石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
提供洁净基底，进行表面正电荷化处理；
取石墨烯，加入到强酸混合液中， 60~80℃ 加热回流 10~24h ，干燥，得到表面带负电荷的石墨烯，将所述表面带负电荷的石墨烯超声分散于溶剂中，得到表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
取石墨烯和阳离子表面活性剂超声分散于溶剂中，得到表面带有正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
将经过表面处理后的所述基底浸入到所述表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中 5~20min 取出，洗净，吹干，再浸入到所述表面带正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中 5~20min 取出，洗净，吹干，如此交替重复 10~50 次，得到 石墨烯薄膜前驱体， 在 500~1000℃ 温度下还原，得到 石墨烯薄膜。
优选地，基底的材质为聚丙烯（ PP ）、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ PMMA ）、 聚碳酸酯（ PC ） 、聚乙烯（ PE ）、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ PET ）或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯（ PEN ）。
基底在 500~1000℃ 高温下会分解，易于除去，与产物石墨烯薄膜相脱离。
基底的清洁操作：将剪裁好的基底依次置于丙酮、乙醇、二次水中超声处理 20min ，处理干净后，用大量二次水冲洗，氮气吹干。
优选地，表面正电荷化处理的操作为：将基底浸入 1~5g/L 的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中 10~30min ，取出后洗净，氮气吹干。
优选地，强酸混合液为体积比为 1~3 ： 1 的浓 硫酸和浓硝酸混合液。
优选地，干燥为在 50~80℃ 下真空干燥 12~24h 。
优选地，表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液的浓度为 0.1~5mg/mL 。
优选地，超声分散的时间为 1~5h 。
优选地，表面带正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液的浓度为 0.1~5mg/mL 。
优选地，溶剂为蒸馏水、乙醇、甲醇或异丙醇。
优选地，阳离子表面活性剂为乙醇铵盐或季铵盐。
更优选地，阳离子表面活性剂为季铵盐。
优选地，乙醇铵盐为二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺。
优选地，季铵盐为十二烷基三甲基氯化铵。
将经过处理后表面带正电荷的基底浸入到表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中，通过静电引力的作用使表面带负电荷的石墨烯附着于基底上，此时基底表面负电荷过剩，洗净，吹干后，再浸入到表面带正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中，进一步通过静电引力的作用使表面带正电荷的石墨烯附着于基底上，洗净，吹干，即得到具有单层结构的石墨烯薄膜前驱体。
这样，通过静电引力制备得到的石墨烯薄膜厚度更加均匀，排列更加规整，电导率更高。
将上述浸入到表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液的操作和浸入到表面带正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液的操作交替重复多次，即可得到具有多层结构的石墨烯薄膜前驱体。因此可实现对石墨烯薄膜厚度的有效控制。
制备得到的石墨烯薄膜前驱体表面由于正电荷过剩，因此需经高温还原，得到石墨烯薄膜。在高温还原的过程中，基底在高温加热下分解，与产物石墨烯薄膜相脱离。
优选地，石墨烯薄膜前驱体还原的具体操作为：将石墨烯薄膜前驱体放入管式炉中，通入惰性气体，控制惰性气体的流速为 50~70mL/min ，以 5~10℃/min 的速率升温至 500~1000℃，通入 惰性气体与氢气的混合气体，还原 0.5~2h ，降温到室温，用水洗净，得到石墨烯薄膜。
优选地，惰性气体为氮气、氩气或氦气中的一种或几种 。
优选地，惰性气体与氢气的混合气体中，氢气的体积分数为 5~10% 。
第二方面，本发明提供一种石墨烯薄膜，该石墨烯薄膜由上述方法制备得到。该石墨烯薄膜的厚度为 0.2~1μm 。
第三方面，本发明还提供了石墨烯薄膜作为集流体在超级电容器和锂离子电池中的应用。该石墨烯薄膜可作为超级电容器和锂离子电池的正极或负极集流体， 能大大提高超级电容器和锂离子电池的能量密度。
附图说明
图 1 为本发明 实施例一所制得的石墨烯薄膜截面的 SEM 图。
本发明的实施方式
以下所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
实施例一
一种石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（ 1 ）提供洁净基底，进行表面正电荷化处理：将剪裁好的 PP 基底依次置于丙酮、乙醇、二次水中超声处理 20min ，处理干净后，用大量二次水冲洗，氮气吹干，再将基底浸入到 1g /L 的聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI) 水溶液中 30min 进行表面电荷化处理，取出后用二次水冲洗并用氮气吹干，得到表面带正电荷的 PP 基底。
（ 2 ）取石墨烯，加入到体积比为 1 ： 1 的 浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合溶液中， 60 ℃ 加热回流 24h ， 在 50℃ 真空干燥 24h ，得到表面带负电荷的石墨烯，将该表面带负电荷的石墨烯超声分散于蒸馏水中，得到 浓度为 0.1mg/mL 的 表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
（ 3 ）取石墨烯和二乙醇胺超声分散于蒸馏水中，得到 浓度为 0.1mg/mL 的 表面带有正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
（ 4 ）将经（ 1 ）表面处理后的 表面带正电荷的 PP 基底浸入到表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中 5min 取出，洗净，吹干，再浸入到所述表面带正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中 5min 取出，洗净，吹干， 如此交替重复 50 次，得到石墨烯薄膜前驱体；
（ 5 ）将（ 4 ）所得的石墨烯薄膜前驱体，放入管式炉中，通入氩气赶走炉内的空气，然后控制氩气的流速为 50mL/min ，以 5 ℃ /min 的升温速率，缓慢升温至 500 ℃ ，此时通入氩气与氢气（氢气体积含量 5% ）的混合气体，在此温度下还原 0.5h ，分解 PP 基底，降温到室温，用水冲洗表面，得到石墨烯薄膜。
本实施例所得石墨烯薄膜的厚度为 1μm 。
图 1 为本发明 实施例一所制得的石墨烯薄膜截面的 SEM 图。从图 1 中可以看出，石墨烯薄膜已经成功制备，石墨烯薄膜的截面排 列较为规整，说明石墨烯薄膜较为均匀。
实施例二
一种石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（ 1 ）提供洁净基底，进行表面正电荷化处理：将剪裁好的 PC 基底依次置于丙酮、乙醇、二次水中超声处理 20min ，处理干净后，用大量二次水冲洗，氮气吹干，再将基底浸入到 1g /L 的聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI) 水溶液中 30min 进行表面电荷化处理，取出后用二次水冲洗并用氮气吹干，得到表面带正电荷的 PC 基底。
（ 2 ）取石墨烯，加入到体积比为 1 ： 1 的 浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合溶液中， 60 ℃ 加热回流 24h ， 在 50℃ 真空干燥 24h ，得到表面带负电荷的石墨烯，将该表面带负电荷的石墨烯超声分散于蒸馏水中，得到 浓度为 0.1mg/mL 的 表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
（ 3 ）取石墨烯和二乙醇胺超声分散于蒸馏水中，得到 浓度为 0.1mg/mL 的 表面带有正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
（ 4 ）将经（ 1 ）表面处理后的 表面带正电荷的 PC 基底浸入到表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中 5min 取出，洗净，吹干，再浸入到所述表面带正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中 5min 取出，洗净，吹干， 如此交替重复 30 次，得到石墨烯薄膜前驱体；
（ 5 ）将（ 4 ）所得的石墨烯薄膜前驱体，放入管式炉中，通入氮气赶走炉内的空气，然后控制氮气的流速为 50mL/min ，以 5 ℃ /min 的升温速率，缓慢升温至 500 ℃ ，此时通入氮气与氢气（氢气体积含量 5% ）的混合气体，在此温度下还原 0.5h ，分解 PC 基底，降温到室温，用水冲洗表面，得到石墨烯薄膜。
本实施例所得石墨烯薄膜的厚度为 0.6μm 。
实施例三
一种石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（ 1 ）提供洁净基底，进行表面正电荷化处理：将剪裁好的 PMMA 基底依次置于丙酮、乙醇、二次水中超声处理 20min ，处理干净后，用大量二次水冲洗，氮气吹干，再将基底浸入到 3g /L 的聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI) 水溶液中 20min 进行表面电荷化处理，取出后用二次水冲洗并用氮气吹干，得到表面带正电荷的 PMMA 基底。
（ 2 ）取石墨烯，加入到体积比为 2 ： 1 的 浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合溶液中， 70 ℃ 加热回流 18h ， 在 60℃ 真空干燥 18h ，得到表面带负电荷的石墨烯，将该表面带负电荷的石墨烯超声分散于蒸馏水中，得到 浓度为 2mg/mL 的 表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
（ 3 ）取石墨烯和二乙醇胺超声分散于蒸馏水中，得到 浓度为 2mg/mL 的 表面带有正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
（ 4 ）将经（ 1 ）表面处理后的 表面带正电荷的 PMMA 基底浸入到表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中 10min 取出，洗净，吹干，再浸入到所述表面带正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中 10min 取出，洗净，吹干， 如此交替重复 20 次，得到石墨烯薄膜前驱体；
（ 5 ）将（ 4 ）所得的石墨烯薄膜前驱体，放入管式炉中，通入氦气赶走炉内的空气，然后控制氦气的流速为 60mL/min ，以 5 ℃ /min 的升温速率，缓慢升温至 800 ℃ ，此时通入氦气与氢气（氢气体积含量 10% ）的混合气体，在此温度下还原 1h ，分解 PMMA 基底，降温到室温，用水冲洗表面，得到石墨烯薄膜。
本实施例所得石墨烯薄膜的厚度为 0.4μm 。
实施例四
一种石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（ 1 ）提供洁净基底，进行表面正电荷化处理：将剪裁好的 PET 基底依次置于丙酮、乙醇、二次水中超声处理 20min ，处理干净后，用大量二次水冲洗，氮气吹干，再将基底浸入到 5g /L 的聚乙烯亚胺 (PEI) 水溶液中 10min 进行表面电荷化处理，取出后用二次水冲洗并用氮气吹干，得到表面带正电荷的 PET 基底。
（ 2 ）取石墨烯，加入到体积比为 3 ： 1 的 浓硫酸与浓硝酸的混合溶液中， 80 ℃ 加热回流 10h ， 在 80℃ 真空干燥 12h ，得到表面带负电荷的石墨烯，将该表面带负电荷的石墨烯超声分散于蒸馏水中，得到 浓度为 5mg/mL 的 表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
（ 3 ）取石墨烯和二乙醇胺超声分散于蒸馏水中，得到 浓度为 5mg/mL 的 表面带有正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
（ 4 ）将经（ 1 ）表面处理后的 表面带正电荷的 PET 基底浸入到表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中 20min 取出，洗净，吹干，再浸入到所述表面带正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液中 20min 取出，洗净，吹干， 如此交替重复 10 次，得到石墨烯薄膜前驱体；
（ 5 ）将（ 4 ）所得的石墨烯薄膜前驱体，放入管式炉中，通入氩气赶走炉内的空气，然后控制氩气的流速为 70mL/min ，以 5 ℃ /min 的升温速率，缓慢升温至 1000 ℃ ，此时通入氩气与氢气（氢气体积含量 8% ）的混合气体，在此温度下还原 2h ，分解 PET 基底，降温到室温，用水冲洗表面，得到石墨烯薄膜。
本实施例所得石墨烯薄膜的厚度为 0.2μm 。
采用四探针电阻测试仪测试实施例 1 ～ 4 制备的石墨烯薄膜的电导率，其测试结果如表 1 所示：
表 1 实施例 1 ～ 4 制备的石墨烯薄膜的电导率
实施例 1 2 3 4
电导率 104S/m 1.54 1.46 1.28 1.13
通过本发明制备方法制得的石墨烯薄膜机械性能好，厚度均匀，导电性强，质量轻，厚度易控制，稳定性高，不易腐蚀，可作为锂离子电池和超级电容器的集流体，减轻储能器件的质量，大大提高储能器件的能量密度，同时提高其使用寿命。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1、一种石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
提供洁净基底，进行表面正电荷化处理；
取石墨烯，加入到强酸混合液中，60~80℃加热回流10~24h，干燥，得到表面带负电荷的石墨烯，将所述表面带负电荷的石墨烯超声分散于溶剂中，得到表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
取石墨烯和阳离子表面活性剂超声分散于溶剂中，得到表面带有正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液；
2、如权利要求1所述的石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述基底的材质为聚丙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、 聚碳酸酯 、聚乙烯、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯。
3、如权利要求1所述的石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述表面正电荷化处理的操作为：将所述基底浸入1~5g/L的聚乙烯亚胺水溶液中10~30min，取出后洗净，氮气吹干。
4、如权利要求1所述的石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述强酸混合液为体积比为1~3：1的浓硫酸和浓硝酸混合液。
5、如权利要求1所述的石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述表面带负电荷的石墨烯悬浮液的浓度为0.1~5mg/mL，所述表面带正电荷的石墨烯悬浮液的浓度为0.1~5mg/mL。
6、如权利要求1所述的石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂为蒸馏水、乙醇、甲醇或异丙醇，所述阳离子表面活性剂为乙醇铵盐或季铵盐。
7、如权利要求1所述的石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述在500~1000℃温度下还原的具体操作为将所述石墨烯薄膜前驱体放入管式炉中，通入惰性气体，控制惰性气体的流速为50~70mL/min，以5~10℃/min的速率升温至500~1000℃，通入惰性气体与氢气的混合气体，还原0.5~2h，降温到室温，用水洗净，得到所述石墨烯薄膜。
8、如权利要求7所述的石墨烯薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述惰性气体为氮气、氩气或氦气中的一种或几种。
9、根据权利要求1~8择一所述方法制备得到的石墨烯薄膜，其特征在于，所述石墨烯薄膜的厚度为0.2~1μm。
10、如权利要求9所述的石墨烯薄膜作为集流体在超级电容器和锂离子电池中的应用。
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