WO2013179902A1 - 赤外遮蔽体 - Google Patents
赤外遮蔽体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013179902A1 WO2013179902A1 PCT/JP2013/063671 JP2013063671W WO2013179902A1 WO 2013179902 A1 WO2013179902 A1 WO 2013179902A1 JP 2013063671 W JP2013063671 W JP 2013063671W WO 2013179902 A1 WO2013179902 A1 WO 2013179902A1
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- film
- polyvinyl alcohol
- reflective film
- refractive index
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Images
Classifications
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- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
Definitions
- the dielectric multilayer film examples include a metal oxide film formed by a sputtering method generally performed in lens processing.
- a metal oxide film formed by a sputtering method generally performed in lens processing.
- the infrared shielding body has a wavelength exhibiting the maximum reflectance within a range of 850 nm to 1500 nm, and the infrared shielding body includes a first reflective film, a light incoherence An infrared shielding body in which a layer and a second reflective film are laminated in this order, and the first reflective film and the second reflective film include a polymer and metal-containing particles.
- the first reflective film comprises a layer (A) containing at least polyvinyl alcohol (a) and silicon oxide particles, and at least polyvinyl alcohol (b) and titanium oxide particles having different saponification degrees from the polyvinyl alcohol (a).
- the second reflective film includes a layer (C) containing at least polyvinyl alcohol (c) and silicon oxide particles, and at least the polyvinyl alcohol (c) is saponified. 1. Alternating laminate of polyvinyl alcohol (d) and layer (D) containing titanium oxide particles having different degrees. The infrared shielding body described in 1.
- the infrared shielding body of the present invention is an infrared shielding body having a wavelength exhibiting the maximum reflectance in the range of 850 nm to 1500 nm in the reflection spectrum having a wavelength of 400 nm to 2500 nm.
- the first reflective film, the light incoherent layer, and the second reflective film are laminated in this order, and the first reflective film and the second reflective film include a polymer and metal-containing particles.
- the film support may be an unstretched film or a stretched film, but a stretched film is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the strength and suppressing thermal expansion.
- the constituent materials of the first reflective film and the second reflective film may be the same or different. Further, the first reflective film and the second reflective film may have a single layer structure or a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- the first reflective film and the second reflective film preferably have a laminated structure of 9 layers or more, More preferably, it is a laminated structure of 15 layers or more.
- the number of layers of the first reflective film and the second reflective film or the thickness of each film may be different, but preferably the number of layers is the same or the film thickness is approximately the same. is there.
- the number of layers of the first reflective film and the second reflective film is preferably 100 layers or less, more preferably 50 layers or less. When the number of layers is such, the manufacturing process becomes very simple, which is favorable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the difference in the absolute value of the saponification degree between the polyvinyl alcohol (a) and the polyvinyl alcohol (b) is preferably 3 mol% or more, and more preferably 5 mol% or more. If it is such a range, since the interlayer mixing state of a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer will become a preferable level, it is preferable. Further, the difference in the degree of saponification between the polyvinyl alcohol (a) and the polyvinyl alcohol (b) is preferably as far as possible, but is 20 mol% or less from the viewpoint of solubility of polyvinyl alcohol in water. It is preferable.
- gelatin used in the present invention in addition to lime-processed gelatin, acid-processed gelatin may be used, and further, a hydrolyzate of gelatin and an enzyme-decomposed product of gelatin can be used.
- the average particle size of the flat metal particles is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected. However, it is preferably 70 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 100 nm to 400 nm. When the average particle diameter is in the above range, sufficient infrared reflectivity is obtained, haze is reduced, and transparency is improved.
- the said average particle diameter means the average value of the main plane diameter (maximum length) of 200 tabular grains arbitrarily selected from the image obtained by observing a particle
- Method for producing flat metal particles examples include liquid phase methods such as a chemical reduction method, a photochemical reduction method, and an electrochemical reduction method.
- the chemical reduction method, the photochemical reduction method, and the like are preferable from the viewpoints of shape and size controllability.
- the tabular metal particles hexagonal or triangular shape for example, nitric acid, sodium sulfite, Br -, Cl - performing the aging process by etching, or heating by dissolving species which dissolves silver and halogen ions such as Accordingly, the corners of the hexagonal or triangular tabular metal particles may be blunted to obtain substantially hexagonal or discoidal tabular metal particles.
- the high refractive index material is not particularly limited, for example, TiO x, BaTiO 3, ZnO, etc. SnO 2, ZrO 2, NbO x and the like.
- an SiO 2 or polymer shell layer is appropriately formed, A metal oxide layer may be formed on this shell layer.
- TiO x is used as a material for the high refractive index shell layer, since TiO x has photocatalytic activity, there is a concern of deteriorating the matrix in which the flat metal particles are dispersed. After forming the TiO x layer on the metal particles, an SiO 2 layer may be appropriately formed.
- the flat metal particles are added with a low molecular weight dispersant containing N element, S element, and P element, such as a quaternary ammonium salt, amines, and a high molecular weight dispersant. May be.
- the silica synthesized by the vapor phase method in which the average particle diameter of primary particles is 4 to 20 nm for example, Aerosil manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. is commercially available.
- the vapor phase fine particle silica can be dispersed to primary particles relatively easily by being sucked and dispersed in water, for example, by a jet stream inductor mixer manufactured by Mitamura Riken Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- the colloidal silica preferably used in the present invention is obtained by heating and aging a silica sol obtained by metathesis with an acid of sodium silicate or the like and passing through an ion exchange resin layer.
- the first step in the method for producing rutile type fine particle titanium oxide is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides and alkaline earth metal hydroxides. This is a step of treating with a basic compound (step (1)).
- the at least one basic compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides and alkaline earth metal hydroxides used in the step (1) is not particularly limited. Examples include potassium, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and the like.
- the amount of the basic compound added in the step (1) is preferably 30 to 300 g / L in terms of the basic compound concentration in the reaction (treatment) suspension.
- the carboxyl group-containing compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, propylmalonic acid, and maleic acid; and hydroxy compounds such as malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid.
- dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, propylmalonic acid, and maleic acid
- hydroxy compounds such as malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid.
- Valent carboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, hemimellitic acid, trimellitic acid; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and the like. Of these, two or more compounds may be used in combination.
- the inorganic acid is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like.
- the inorganic acid may be added so that the concentration in the reaction (treatment) solution is 0.5 to 2.5 mol / L, more preferably 0.8 to 1.4 mol / L.
- the addition amount of the carboxyl group-containing compound is in the above range, particles having the target particle size can be obtained, and the rutileization of the particles can proceed more efficiently and is economically advantageous. Further, if the carboxyl group-containing compound is added 10 to 15 minutes after the addition of the inorganic acid, the rutileization of the particles proceeds efficiently, and particles having the desired particle size can be obtained.
- benzoins such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzyl methyl ketal and the like Alkyl ethers; acetophenones such as acetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone; anthraquinones such as methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-amylanthraquinone; thioxanthone, 2,4 -Thioxanthones such as diethylthioxanthone and 2,4-diisopropylthioxanthone; Ketals such as acetophenone dimethyl ketal and benzyldimethyl ketal; Benzophenone and 4,4-b
- ultraviolet rays in a wavelength region of preferably 100 to 400 nm, more preferably 200 to 400 nm, emitted from an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a carbon arc, a metal halide lamp, etc. are irradiated, or The irradiation can be performed by irradiating an electron beam having a wavelength region of 100 nm or less emitted from a scanning or curtain type electron beam accelerator.
- tabular silver grains having an average particle diameter (average equivalent circle diameter) of 240 nm were formed in the silver particle dispersion. Further, when the thickness of the tabular silver particles was measured with an atomic force microscope (Nanocute II, manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.), it was found that the tabular silver particles having a thickness of 20 nm and an aspect ratio of 12 were produced. .
- silica oxide sol volume average particle size 15 nm, silicon dioxide particles (manufactured by Fuso Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name PL-1)).
- 30 parts of a 4.0% by weight aqueous solution and 150 parts of a 3.0% by weight aqueous solution of boric acid were mixed. Thereafter, it was finished to 1000 parts with pure water to prepare a dispersion.
- the dispersion was heated to 38 ° C. while stirring, and modified polyvinyl alcohol (Exeval (registered trademark) RS-2117, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., saponification degree: 88 mol%, polyvinyl alcohol (a) or (c )) 4.0% by weight aqueous solution 760 parts, and then 40 parts of 1% by weight aqueous solution of SOFTAZOLIN (registered trademark) LSB-R (manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) is added to form a coating solution for low refractive index layer. L was prepared.
- modified polyvinyl alcohol Exeval (registered trademark) RS-2117, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., saponification degree: 88 mol%, polyvinyl alcohol (a) or (c )
- SOFTAZOLIN registered trademark
- LSB-R manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the dry film thickness of each layer of the obtained infrared shield is as shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 1-4 The above-mentioned coating liquid L for low refractive index layer and coating liquid H for high refractive index layer are applied to a polyester film subjected to easy adhesion processing with 21 layers of slide coater, and dried. A first reflective film was formed. Thereafter, the polyester film is turned over, and the above-mentioned coating liquid L for low refractive index layer and coating liquid H for high refractive index layer are applied using a 19-layer slide coater, dried, and then subjected to a second reflection comprising 19 layers. A film was formed to produce an infrared shielding body of Example 1-4.
- the dry film thickness of each layer of the obtained infrared shield is as shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 1-5 The above-mentioned coating liquid L for low refractive index layer and coating liquid H for high refractive index layer are applied to a polyester film subjected to easy adhesion processing with 21 layers of slide coater, and dried. A first reflective film was formed. Thereafter, the polyester film is turned over, and the above-described coating solution L for the low refractive index layer and coating solution H for the high refractive index layer are applied using a 21-layer slide coater, dried, and then subjected to the second reflection consisting of 21 layers. A film was formed to produce an infrared shielding body of Example 1-5.
- polyester film was turned over, and in the same manner, silica and titanium oxide were laminated in this order, with a silica thickness of 180 nm and a titanium oxide thickness of 112 nm. Infrared shielding was obtained.
- Comparative Example 1-4 The above-mentioned coating liquid L for low refractive index layer and coating liquid H for high refractive index layer are applied to a polyester film subjected to easy adhesion processing with 9 layers of the slide coater, dried, and from 9 layers A first reflective film was formed. Then, using the 9-layer slide coater again, the above-mentioned coating liquid L for low refractive index layer and coating liquid H for high refractive index layer are applied on the reflective film, dried, and further a reflective film is formed. Thus, an infrared shielding body of Comparative Example 1-4 was produced.
- the dry film thickness of each layer of the obtained infrared shield is as shown in Table 2 below.
- Comparative Example 1-6 On an unstretched polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, 64 layers are alternately laminated with a PMMA thickness of 1.51 ⁇ m and a PEN thickness of 1.45 ⁇ m on one side by an extruder as described in JP-A-4-268505. Next, extrusion was carried out so that 64 layers were formed by alternately laminating a PEN thickness of 1.49 ⁇ m and a PMMA thickness of 1.55 ⁇ m on the opposite side of the PET thickness of 50 ⁇ m, and 3.3 times in the vertical direction and 3. in the horizontal direction. By stretching 3 times, an infrared shielding body of Comparative Example 1-6 having a reflection spectrum in the near infrared region was obtained.
- Comparative Example 1--7 On an unstretched polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, 128 layers are formed by alternately laminating a PMMA thickness of 1.51 ⁇ m and a PEN thickness of 1.45 ⁇ m on one side by an extruder as described in JP-A-4-268505. Extrusion was performed as described above, and the infrared shielding body of Comparative Example 1-7 having a reflection spectrum in the near infrared region was obtained by stretching 3.3 times in the longitudinal direction and 3.3 times in the transverse direction.
- the infrared reflection spectrum was measured with a resolution of 1 nm using V-670 manufactured by JASCO Corporation.
- the local maximum value width is a difference between two wavelengths at which the reflectance is half that of the local maximum.
- the infrared shield of the present invention has good infrared reflectance and peak half-value width of the reflection spectrum, can suppress film cracking, and can be seen through. It was found that almost no distortion occurred.
- Example 2 Example 2-1 Using the infrared shielding body of Example 1-1, a laminated glass was produced as follows.
- Example 2-2 Infrared shield having a first reflective film formed on one side of a polyester film in the same manner as in Example 1-1 and a second reflective film formed on the other side in the same manner as in Example 1-3. Prepared.
- Example 2-1 Using this infrared shield, a laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- Comparative Example 2-2 A laminated glass was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the infrared reflective film obtained in Comparative Example 1-5 was used instead of the infrared shielding film obtained in Example 1-1. Produced.
- Example 1 The film was observed visually and with a magnifier of 100 times, and the cracking of the laminated film was evaluated by the same film cracking evaluation as in Example 1.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の赤外遮蔽体に用いられる光不干渉性層は、第1の反射膜および第2の反射膜に挟持されており、特に制限されないが、フィルム支持体であることが好ましい。フィルム支持体は、透明であっても不透明であってもよく、種々の樹脂フィルムを用いることができる。その具体例としては、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリアリレート、ポリスチレン(PS)、芳香族ポリアミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルイミド等の各樹脂フィルム、さらには前記の樹脂フィルムを2層以上積層してなる樹脂フィルム等を挙げることができる。コストや入手容易性の観点から、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリカーボネート(PC)などが好ましく用いられる。
本発明の赤外遮蔽体は、第1の反射膜および第2の反射膜を有し、前記第1の反射膜および前記第2の反射膜は、ポリマーおよび金属含有粒子を含む。
第1の反射膜および第2の反射膜に含まれるポリマーは、特に制限されない。例えば、ポリマーとしては、特表2002-509279号公報に記載のポリマーを用いることができる。具体例としては、例えば、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)およびその異性体(例えば、2,6-、1,4-、1,5-、2,7-および2,3-PEN)、ポリアルキレンテレフタレート(例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、およびポリ-1,4-シクロヘキサンジメチレンテレフタレート)、ポリイミド(例えば、ポリアクリルイミド)、ポリエーテルイミド、アタクチックポリスチレン、ポリカーボネート、ポリメタクリレート(例えば、ポリイソブチルメタクリレート、ポリプロピルメタクリレート、ポリエチルメタクリレート、およびポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA))、ポリアクリレート(例えば、ポリブチルアクリレート、およびポリメチルアクリレート)、セルロース誘導体(例えば、エチルセルロース、アセチルセルロース、セルロースプロピオネート、アセチルセルロースブチレート、および硝酸セルロース)、ポリアルキレンポリマー(例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブチレン、ポリイソブチレン、およびポリ(4-メチル)ペンテン)、フッ素化ポリマー(例えば、パーフルオロアルコキシ樹脂、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、フッ素化エチレンプロピレンコポリマー、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、およびポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン)、塩素化ポリマー(例えば、ポリ塩化ビニリデンおよびポリ塩化ビニル)、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリアミド、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリエーテルアミド、アイオノマー樹脂、エラストマー(例えば、ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレンおよびネオプレン)、およびポリウレタンが挙げられる。コポリマー、例えば、PENのコポリマー[例えば、(a)テレフタル酸もしくはそのエステル、(b)イソフタル酸もしくはそのエステル、(c)フタル酸もしくはそのエステル、(d)アルカングリコール、(e)シクロアルカングリコール(例えば、シクロヘキサンジメタノールジオール)、(f)アルカンジカルボン酸、および/または(g)シクロアルカンジカルボン酸(例えば、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸)と2,6-、1,4-、1,5-、2,7-、および/または2,3-ナフタレンジカルボン酸またはそれらのエステルとのコポリマー]、ポリアルキレンテレフタレートのコポリマー[例えば、(a)ナフタレンジカルボン酸もしくはそのエステル、(b)イソフタル酸もしくはそのエステル、(c)フタル酸もしくはそのエステル、(d)アルカングリコール、(e)シクロアルカングリコール(例えば、シクロヘキサンジメタノールジオール)、(f)アルカンジカルボン酸、および/または(g)シクロアルカンジカルボン酸(例えば、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸)と、テレフタル酸もしくはそのエステルとのコポリマー]、並びにスチレンコポリマー(例えば、スチレン-ブタジエンコポリマー、およびスチレン-アクリロニトリルコポリマー)、4,4-ビス安息香酸およびエチレングリコールも適している。さらに、各層はそれぞれ、2種またはそれ以上の上記のポリマーまたはコポリマーのブレンド(例えば、シンジオタクチックポリスチレン(SPS)とアタクチックポリスチレンとのブレンド)を包含してよい。
本発明に係る第1の反射膜および第2の反射膜は、金属含有粒子を含む。金属含有粒子の材料としては、特に制限はなく、例えば、金、銀、銅、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、亜鉛、ロジウム、パラジウム、イリジウム、ニッケル、白金、マンガン、鉄、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、クロム、タングステン、スズ、ゲルマニウム、鉛、アンチモン等の金属単体、またはこれら金属の合金が挙げられる。また、例えば、酸化チタン、酸化ジルコニウム、五酸化タンタル、酸化亜鉛、酸化ケイ素(合成非晶質シリカ、コロイダルシリカ等)、アルミナ、コロイダルアルミナ、チタン酸鉛、鉛丹、黄鉛、亜鉛黄、酸化クロム、酸化第二鉄、鉄黒、酸化銅、酸化マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、フッ化マグネシウム、チタン酸ストロンチウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化ニオブ、酸化ユーロピウム、酸化ランタン、ジルコン、酸化スズなどの金属酸化物も好適に用いられる。
平板状金属粒子としては、2つの主平面からなる粒子であれば特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。主平面の上方から観察した際の形状の例としては、例えば、略六角形状、略円盤形状、略三角形状などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、可視光線透過率が高い点で、略六角形状、略円盤形状であることが好ましい。
前記平板状金属粒子の製造方法としては、例えば、化学還元法、光化学還元法、電気化学還元法等の液相法などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、形状とサイズ制御性との観点から、化学還元法、光化学還元法などが好ましい。六角形状または三角形状の平板状金属粒子を合成後、例えば、硝酸、亜硫酸ナトリウム、Br-、Cl-等のハロゲンイオンなどの銀を溶解する溶解種によるエッチング処理、または加熱によるエージング処理を行うことにより、六角形状または三角形状の平板状金属粒子の角を鈍らせて、略六角形状または略円盤形状の平板状金属粒子を得てもよい。
第1の反射膜および第2の反射膜に金属酸化物粒子を含有させることにより、各屈折率層間の屈折率差を大きくすることができ、フィルムの透明性を上げることができるため好ましい。また、応力緩和が働き、膜物性(屈曲時および高温高湿時の屈曲性)が向上する等の利点がある。金属酸化物粒子を用いる場合は、第1の反射膜または第2の反射膜を構成するいずれかの層に含有させればよいが、好適な形態は、少なくとも第1の反射膜または第2の反射膜中の高屈折率層が金属酸化物粒子を含み、より好適な形態は第1の反射膜または第2の反射膜中の高屈折率層および低屈折率層のいずれもが金属酸化物粒子を含む形態である。
本発明で用いることができる酸化ケイ素(シリカ)としては、通常の湿式法で合成されたシリカ、コロイダルシリカ或いは気相法で合成されたシリカ等が好ましく挙げられるが、本発明において、特に好ましく用いられる微粒子シリカとしては、コロイダルシリカまたは気相法で合成された微粒子シリカが挙げられる。
酸化チタンゾルの製造方法
ルチル型微粒子酸化チタンの製造方法における第1の工程は、酸化チタン水和物をアルカリ金属の水酸化物およびアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の塩基性化合物で処理する工程(工程(1))である。
第1の反射膜および第2の反射膜には、必要に応じて各種の添加剤を含有させることができる。
本発明の赤外遮蔽体の製造方法は、特に制限されないが、例えば、光不干渉性層の上下に、水系の塗布液を湿式塗布し、乾燥して積層体を形成する方法が挙げられる。第1の反射膜および第2の反射膜が2層以上の積層構造である場合は、光不干渉性層の上下にそれぞれ、水系の高屈折率層用塗布液と低屈折率層用塗布液とを交互に湿式塗布し、乾燥して積層体を形成する方法が挙げられる。
粘着層を構成する粘着剤としては、特に制限されず、例えば、アクリル系粘着剤、シリコン系粘着剤、ウレタン系粘着剤、ポリビニルブチラール系粘着剤、エチレン-酢酸ビニル系粘着剤などを例示することができる。
本発明の赤外遮蔽体は、任意の位置に赤外吸収層を有することができる。
本発明の赤外遮蔽体は、耐擦過性を高めるための表面保護層として、基材の粘着層を有する側とは逆側の最上層に、熱や紫外線などで硬化する樹脂を含むハードコート層を積層することが好ましい。
粘着剤の塗工方法としては、任意の公知の方法が使用でき、例えば、バーコート法、ダイコーター法、グラビアロールコーター法、ブレードコーター法、スプレーコーター法、エアーナイフコート法、ディップコート法、転写法等が好ましく挙げられ、単独または組合せて用いることができる。これらは適宜、粘着剤を溶解できる溶媒にて溶液にする、または分散させた塗布液を用いて塗工することが出来、溶媒としては公知の物を使用することが出来る。
(実施例1-1)
<平板状銀粒子分散液の調製>
イオン交換水 762g、硝酸銀(和光純薬工業株式会社製)12.7mg、クエン酸ナトリウム三水和物(和光純薬工業株式会社製)100.6mg、およびEDTA4酢酸ナトリウム(和光純薬工業株式会社製)22.5mgからなる溶液に、150mMのヒドラジン水溶液0.85mLを一気に添加し、25℃、1,000rpmで2時間撹拌して、濁りのある青色を呈する銀粒子分散液を得た。
・酸化チタンゾル水系分散液の調製
酸化チタン水和物を水に懸濁させた水性懸濁液(TiO2濃度 100g/L)10Lに、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(濃度 10モル/L)30Lを撹拌下で添加し、90℃に昇温し、5時間熟成した後、塩酸で中和、濾過、水洗した。なお、上記反応(処理)において、酸化チタン水和物は公知の手法に従い、四塩化チタン水溶液を熱加水分解して得られたものを用いた。
SiO2濃度が2.0質量%のケイ酸水溶液を調製した。
上記の10.0質量%酸化チタンゾル水系分散液0.5kgに、純水2kgを加えた後、90℃に加熱した。その後、2.0質量%のケイ酸水溶液1.3kgを徐々に添加し、次いで、得られた分散液をオートクレーブ中、175℃で18時間加熱処理を行い、さらに濃縮して、ルチル型構造を有する酸化チタンで、被覆層がSiO2である、20質量%のシリカ変性酸化チタン粒子の水系分散液を得た。
15.0質量%酸化シリカゾル(体積平均粒径15nm、二酸化ケイ素粒子(扶桑化学工業株式会社製、商品名PL-1))460部に、シラノール変性ポリビニルアルコール(R-1130、株式会社クラレ製)の4.0質量%水溶液30部、ホウ酸の3.0質量%水溶液150部をそれぞれ混合した。その後、純水で1000部に仕上げて、分散液を調製した。
上記で得た20質量%のシリカ変性酸化チタンゾル28.9部と、3質量%のホウ酸水溶液9.0部とを混合した。次いで、純水16.3部に、5.0質量%のポリビニルアルコール(JF-17、日本酢ビ・ポバール株式会社製、ケン化度:99モル%、ポリビニルアルコール(b)または(d))の水溶液33.5部を添加した。さらに、ソフタゾリン(登録商標)LSB-R(川研ファインケミカル株式会社製)の1質量%水溶液を0.5部添加し、最後に純水で1000部に仕上げて、高屈折率層用塗布液Hを調製した。
スライドコーターの層数を17層にして、易接着加工を施したポリエステルフィルムに、上記の低屈折率層用塗布液Lおよび高屈折率層用塗布液Hを塗布し、乾燥し、17層からなる第1の反射膜を形成した。その後、ポリエステルフィルムを裏返し、15層のスライドコーターを用いて、上記の低屈折率層用塗布液Lおよび高屈折率層用塗布液Hを塗布し、乾燥し、15層からなる第2の反射膜を形成し、実施例1-3の赤外遮蔽体を作製した。
スライドコーターの層数を21層にして、易接着加工を施したポリエステルフィルムに、上記の低屈折率層用塗布液Lおよび高屈折率層用塗布液Hを塗布し、乾燥し、21層からなる第1の反射膜を形成した。その後、ポリエステルフィルムを裏返し、19層のスライドコーターを用いて、上記の低屈折率層用塗布液Lおよび高屈折率層用塗布液Hを塗布し、乾燥し、19層からなる第2の反射膜を形成し、実施例1-4の赤外遮蔽体を作製した。
スライドコーターの層数を21層にして、易接着加工を施したポリエステルフィルムに、上記の低屈折率層用塗布液Lおよび高屈折率層用塗布液Hを塗布し、乾燥し、21層からなる第1の反射膜を形成した。その後、ポリエステルフィルムを裏返し、21層のスライドコーターを用いて、上記の低屈折率層用塗布液Lおよび高屈折率層用塗布液Hを塗布し、乾燥し、21層からなる第2の反射膜を形成し、実施例1-5の赤外遮蔽体を作製した。
ポリエステルフィルム上に、スパッタ装置(サンユー電子株式会社製、SC-701 MkII)を用いて、シリカと酸化チタンとをこの順序で、シリカを厚み161nmで、酸化チタンを厚み101nmで、交互に3層ずつ計6層積層した。
実施例1-1で作製した平板状銀粒子分散液を、コロナ放電を施したポリエステルフィルム上にワイヤーバー#14を用いて、塗布した。この上に、豚皮アルカリ処理ゼラチン(BD230、株式会社ニッピ製)の5体積%水溶液を、ブレードコーターを用いて厚さ20μmで塗布し、15℃でセットした後、45℃で乾燥させて、厚さ1μmの豚皮アルカリ処理ゼラチンの層を設け、比較例1-2の赤外遮蔽体を得た。
比較例1-2で作製したフィルム上に、コロナ放電を施し実施例1-1で作製した平板状銀粒子分散液を、ワイヤーバー#14を用いて塗布した。この上に、ゼラチンの5体積%水溶液を、ブレードコーターを用いて厚さ20μmで塗布し、15℃でセットした後、45℃で乾燥させて、厚さ1μmの豚皮アルカリ処理ゼラチン(BD230;ニッピ製)の層を設け、比較例1-3の赤外遮蔽体を得た。
スライドコーターの層数を9層にして、易接着加工を施したポリエステルフィルムに、上記の低屈折率層用塗布液Lおよび高屈折率層用塗布液Hを塗布し、乾燥し、9層からなる第1の反射膜を形成した。その後、再度9層のスライドコーターを用いて、前記の反射膜上に、上記の低屈折率層用塗布液Lおよび高屈折率層用塗布液Hを塗布し、乾燥し、さらに反射膜を形成し、比較例1-4の赤外遮蔽体を作製した。
ポリエステルフィルムを裏返さずに、シリカと酸化チタンとをこの順序で、シリカを厚み161nmで、酸化チタンを厚み101nmで、交互に6層ずつ計12層積層したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして、比較例1-5の赤外遮蔽体を得た。
厚さ50μmの未延伸のポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム上に、特開平4-268505号公報記載のような押し出し機により、片面側にPMMA 厚み1.51μm、PEN 厚み1.45μmの交互積層で64層、その次にPET厚み50μm、その反対面側に、PEN 厚み1.49μm、PMMA厚み1.55μmの交互積層で64層となるように押し出しを行い、縦方向に3.3倍、横方向に3.3倍延伸することで、近赤外線領域に反射スペクトルのある比較例1-6の赤外遮蔽体を得た。
厚さ50μmの未延伸のポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム上に、特開平4-268505号公報記載のような押し出し機により、片面側にPMMA 厚み1.51μm、PEN 厚み1.45μmの交互積層で128層となるように押し出しを行い、縦方向に3.3倍、横方向に3.3倍延伸することで、近赤外線領域に反射スペクトルのある比較例1-7の赤外遮蔽体を得た。
(赤外反射スペクトル)
赤外線反射スペクトルは、日本分光株式会社製 V-670を用いて、1nmの分解能で測定した。極大半値幅は、極大値の反射率の半分の反射率となる2か所の波長の差分である。
実施例1-1~1-5および比較例1-1~1-7で得られたフィルムを、60℃80%RHの雰囲気下で、1時間、その後55℃、20%RHの雰囲気下で1時間を、1000回繰り返した後(過酷サイクル)、以下の測定法で評価した。
1m離れた白い壁に方眼紙を貼り、そこに、レーザーポインターが垂直に当たるようにセットして、壁上のポインターの径(X0)および位置(x,y)を測定し、この状態での位置を(0,0)とした
レーザーポインターと壁との間であって、レーザーポインターから10cmのところに、赤外遮蔽体を壁と平行になるように天井から吊るし、赤外遮蔽体の10点の壁上のポインターの径(散乱されていると広がる)と位置(x、y)とを測定した。10点で、いちばん径が大きかった部分の径をY0とし、以下の基準で判定した。
4:Y0/X0=1.05以上1.50未満
3:Y0/X0=1.50以上2.00未満
2:Y0/X0=2.00以上5.00未満
1:Y0/X0=5.00以上。
フィルムを目視と100倍のルーペで観察、以下の基準で積層膜の割れを評価した。
4:300mm×300mmの中に目視ではわからないが100倍のルーペで観察される割れが3個以下
3:300mm×300mmの中に目視ではわからないが100倍のルーペで観察される割れが4個以上、10個以下
2:300mm×300mmの中に目視でわかる割れが3個以下
1:300mm×300mmの中に目視でわかる割れが4個以上、10個以下
0:300mm×300mmの中に目視でわかる割れが10個以上。
(実施例2-1)
実施例1-1の赤外遮蔽体を用いて、以下のようにして合わせガラスを作製した。
ポリエステルフィルムの片面に実施例1-1と同様にして第1の反射膜を形成し、もう片方の面に実施例1-3と同様にして、第2の反射膜を形成した赤外遮蔽体を準備した。
実施例1-1で得られた赤外遮蔽膜の代わりに、実施例1-3で得られた赤外反射膜を用いたこと以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
実施例1-1で得られた赤外遮蔽膜の代わりに、比較例1-1で得られた赤外反射膜を用いたこと以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
実施例1-1で得られた赤外遮蔽膜の代わりに、比較例1-5で得られた赤外反射膜を用いたこと以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
実施例1-1で得られた赤外遮蔽膜の代わりに、比較例1-6で得られた赤外反射膜を用いたこと以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして、合わせガラスを作製した。
(膜割れ)
得られた合わせガラスについて、実施例1と同様の方法、すなわち60℃80%RHの雰囲気下で、1時間、その後55℃、20%RHの雰囲気下で1時間を、1000回繰り返した後(過酷サイクル)、以下の測定法で膜割れの評価を行った。結果を下記表4に示す。なお、上記過酷サイクルの際に、合せガラスのうち中間膜Aと隣接しているガラス側面のみを過酷サイクルに晒し、もう一方のガラス面は、23℃55%RHの雰囲気下とした。
11 第1の反射膜、
12 光不干渉性層、
13 第2の反射膜、
14 層(A)、
15 層(B)、
16 層(C)、
17 層(D)。
Claims (3)
- 波長400nm~2500nmの反射スペクトルにおいて、最大の反射率を示す波長が850nm~1500nmの範囲内にある赤外遮蔽体であって、
前記赤外遮蔽体は、第1の反射膜、光不干渉性層、第2の反射膜がこの順に積層されており、
前記第1の反射膜および前記第2の反射膜は、ポリマーおよび金属含有粒子を含む、赤外遮蔽体。 - 前記第1の反射膜は、少なくともポリビニルアルコール(a)および酸化ケイ素粒子を含む層(A)と、少なくとも前記ポリビニルアルコール(a)とはケン化度が異なるポリビニルアルコール(b)および酸化チタン粒子を含む層(B)との交互積層体であり、
前記第2の反射膜は、少なくともポリビニルアルコール(c)および酸化ケイ素粒子を含む層(C)と、少なくとも前記ポリビニルアルコール(c)とはケン化度が異なるポリビニルアルコール(d)および酸化チタン粒子を含む層(D)との交互積層体である、請求項1に記載の赤外遮蔽体。 - 前記第1の反射膜および前記第2の反射膜は、15層以上の積層構造を有する、請求項1または2に記載の赤外遮蔽体。
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- 2013-05-16 US US14/403,738 patent/US20150168618A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-05-16 JP JP2014518380A patent/JP6044638B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-05-16 WO PCT/JP2013/063671 patent/WO2013179902A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPWO2014073291A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-08 | 2016-09-08 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学反射フィルムおよびそれを用いた光学反射体 |
US9599758B2 (en) | 2012-11-08 | 2017-03-21 | Konica Minolta, Inc. | Optical reflective film and optical reflector using the same |
WO2014073291A1 (ja) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-15 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学反射フィルムおよびそれを用いた光学反射体 |
KR20170057170A (ko) * | 2014-09-11 | 2017-05-24 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 접합 유리용 중간막, 접합 유리 및 접합 유리의 설치 방법 |
KR102360779B1 (ko) | 2014-09-11 | 2022-02-10 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 접합 유리용 중간막, 접합 유리 및 접합 유리의 설치 방법 |
WO2016068211A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-06 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学制御フィルムおよびこれを用いた光制御体 |
WO2016136503A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-09-01 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 遮熱フィルムおよび遮熱体 |
WO2016194560A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-08 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 赤外遮蔽フィルム |
CN106405705A (zh) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-02-15 | 浙江博达光电有限公司 | 红外截止滤光片 |
US11226437B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2022-01-18 | Fujifilm Corporation | High refractive index film and optical interference film |
WO2018180221A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 高屈折率膜、及び、光学干渉膜 |
JPWO2018180221A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2019-08-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 高屈折率膜、及び、光学干渉膜 |
WO2019189039A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | Agc株式会社 | 光学フィルタ |
JPWO2019189039A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-04-08 | Agc株式会社 | 光学フィルタ |
JP7215476B2 (ja) | 2018-03-30 | 2023-01-31 | Agc株式会社 | 光学フィルタ |
JPWO2019240003A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-14 | 2021-08-05 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学特性制御フィルム及びそれを用いた表示装置 |
WO2019240003A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-19 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 光学特性制御フィルム及びそれを用いた表示装置 |
KR102225791B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-03-11 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 백색 복사 냉각 소자 |
US11543157B2 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2023-01-03 | Korea University Research And Business Foundation | Radiative cooling device and method of manufacturing the same |
WO2021261523A1 (ja) | 2020-06-26 | 2021-12-30 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
KR20230029577A (ko) | 2020-06-26 | 2023-03-03 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 접합 유리용 중간막 및 접합 유리 |
US12053955B2 (en) | 2020-06-26 | 2024-08-06 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Intermediate film for laminated glasses, and laminated glass |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2013179902A1 (ja) | 2016-01-18 |
JP6044638B2 (ja) | 2016-12-14 |
US20150168618A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
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