WO2013172072A1 - 光システム、光装置及び光接続方法 - Google Patents
光システム、光装置及び光接続方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013172072A1 WO2013172072A1 PCT/JP2013/055399 JP2013055399W WO2013172072A1 WO 2013172072 A1 WO2013172072 A1 WO 2013172072A1 JP 2013055399 W JP2013055399 W JP 2013055399W WO 2013172072 A1 WO2013172072 A1 WO 2013172072A1
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- optical
- connector
- module
- switch
- port
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/03—Arrangements for fault recovery
- H04B10/032—Arrangements for fault recovery using working and protection systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0079—Operation or maintenance aspects
- H04Q2011/0081—Fault tolerance; Redundancy; Recovery; Reconfigurability
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical system, an optical device, and an optical connection method equipped with an optical connector for optically connecting optical fibers.
- Patent Document 1 An example of an optical system, an optical device, and an optical connection method is described in Patent Document 1.
- the optical system, optical device, and optical connection method disclosed in Patent Document 1 include an optical connector adapter that is detachably inserted and connected between a pair of optical connectors.
- the optical connector may be damaged if dust adheres to the optical connector for some reason during work.
- an optical module for example, an optical amplifier module
- an optical module for example, an optical amplifier module
- a system equipped with an optical connector for optically connecting optical fibers, an optical device, and an optical connection method a first optical device 501 (also simply referred to as an optical device 501) and a second optical device.
- the first optical device 501 includes an optical module 503.
- the optical module 503 includes a monitor collection circuit 504.
- the optical module 503 is optically connected to the optical connector 506 through the optical fiber 505.
- the second optical device 502 includes an optical module 507.
- the optical module 507 includes a monitor collection circuit 508.
- the monitoring device 509 is connected to the monitor collection circuits 504 and 508.
- One optical connector 511 of the optical fiber 510 is optically connected to the optical connector 506 via an optical adapter (not shown).
- the other optical connector 512 of the optical fiber 510 is optically connected to the optical fiber 513 of the optical module 507 of the second optical device 502.
- connection loss becomes excessive or reflection characteristics do not appear. Or may be damaged.
- it is necessary to bring the damaged first optical device 501 to the manufacturing factory.
- it is necessary to remove the optical module 503 provided in the optical device 501 at the manufacturing factory and perform resplicing or the like. Therefore, in such a system 500, when the optical connector 506 is damaged, the work is interrupted, resulting in a reduction in work efficiency, and a lot of labor and cost are wasted.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a method for solving the problem of the optical system 500 described above.
- an optical system 600 described in Patent Document 1 includes a first optical device 601 (also simply referred to as an optical device 601) and a second optical device 602 (also simply referred to as an optical device 602).
- the first optical device 601 includes an optical module 603.
- the optical module 603 includes a monitor collection circuit 604.
- the optical module 603 is connected to the optical connector 606 through the optical fiber 605.
- the second optical device 602 includes an optical module 607.
- the optical module 607 includes a monitor collection circuit 608.
- the monitoring device 609 is connected to the monitor collection circuits 604 and 608.
- the optical connector 606 is optically connected to the optical connector 611 of the optical connector adapter 610.
- the optical connector 612 of the optical connector adapter 610 is optically connected to an optical connector 614 that is optically connected to the optical fiber 613.
- the optical connector 615 optically connected to the optical fiber 613 is optically connected to the optical fiber 616 of the optical module 607 of the second optical device 602.
- the optical system 600 described in Patent Document 1 can eliminate the trouble and cost of removing the optical module 503 of the optical device 501 and bringing it into a manufacturing factory, like the optical system 500 described above.
- the optical system 600 if the optical connector 606 is damaged while the optical connector 606 is directly connected to the optical connector 614, the optical module 603 must be brought into the manufacturing factory. Therefore, the configuration of the optical system 600 described in Patent Document 1 can be dealt with only when the optical connector is damaged once. That is, it is not possible to cope with a case where the optical connector is damaged a plurality of times.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical system, an optical device, and an optical connection method capable of dramatically improving productivity by being able to cope with optical connector damage multiple times.
- An optical system includes an optical module that transmits and receives an optical signal, an optical switch that is optically connected to the optical module, and a plurality of optical connectors that are optically connected to the optical switch.
- the optical switch selectively connects at least one of the plurality of optical connectors to the optical module.
- An optical device includes an optical module that transmits and receives an optical signal, an optical switch that is optically connected to the optical module, and a plurality of optical connectors that are optically connected to the optical switch that is optically connected to the optical switch. Is provided.
- the optical switch selectively connects at least one of the plurality of optical connectors to the optical module.
- An optical connection method includes selectively optically connecting at least one of a plurality of optical connectors to an optical module that transmits and receives an optical signal.
- the optical system, the optical device, and the optical connection method according to the present invention it is possible to drastically improve productivity by being able to cope with optical connector damage multiple times.
- FIG. 1 is a block block diagram of the optical system of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block block diagram of the optical system of 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block block diagram of the optical system of 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block block diagram of the optical system of 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart explaining the control operation
- the optical system 10 includes an optical device 11, an optical device 12, an optical cable 13, and a monitoring device 17.
- the optical cable 13 includes an optical fiber 14, an optical connector 15 optically connected to one end of the optical fiber 14, and an optical connector 16 optically connected to the other end of the optical fiber 14.
- the optical device 11 includes an optical module 18, an optical switch 20, an optical switch control circuit 21, and an optical cable 22.
- the optical module 18 includes a monitor collection circuit 19.
- the optical cable 22 includes an optical fiber 23 and an optical connector 24 that is optically connected to one end of the optical fiber 23.
- the optical device 11 includes an optical cable 25 and an optical cable 28.
- the optical cable 25 includes an optical fiber 26 and an optical connector 27 that is optically connected to one end of the optical fiber 26.
- the optical cable 28 includes an optical fiber 29, an optical connector 30 optically connected to one end of the optical fiber 29, and an optical connector 31 optically connected to the other end of the optical fiber 29.
- the optical device 11 includes an optical cable 32.
- the optical cable 32 includes an optical fiber 33, an optical connector 34 optically connected to one end of the optical fiber 33, and an optical connector 35 optically connected to the other end of the optical fiber 33.
- the optical device 12 includes an optical module 36 having a monitor collection circuit 37.
- the optical fiber 38 is optically connected to the optical module 36.
- the end of the optical fiber 38 is optically connected to the optical connector 16.
- the optical fiber 39 is optically connected to the optical module 18.
- the optical fiber 39 is optically connected to the port 40 of the optical switch 20.
- the port 41 of the optical switch 20 is optically connected to the optical fiber 23 of the optical cable 22.
- the port 42 of the optical switch 20 is optically connected to the optical fiber 26 of the optical cable 25.
- the optical switch 20 has a movable contact 43 that is optically connected to the optical fiber 39 through the port 40.
- the movable contact 43 is driven to be switched between the port 41 and the port 42 by the optical switch control circuit 21.
- the optical fiber 39 of the optical module 18 is optically connected to the optical fiber 23 of the optical cable 22.
- the optical fiber 39 of the optical module 18 is optically connected to the optical fiber 26 of the optical cable 25.
- the optical connector 30 of the optical cable 28 is detachably attached to the optical connector 24 of the optical cable 22.
- the optical connector 31 of the optical cable 28 can be detachably attached to the optical connector 15.
- the optical connector 34 of the optical cable 32 is detachably attached to the optical connector 27 of the optical cable 25.
- the optical connector 35 of the optical cable 32 can be detachably attached to the optical connector 15.
- the monitor collection circuit 19 acquires a state signal by constantly collecting the optical state of the optical module 18 and gives the state signal to the monitoring device 17.
- the monitor collection circuit 37 acquires a state signal by constantly collecting the optical state of the optical module 36 and provides the state signal to the monitoring device 17.
- the monitoring device 17 constantly monitors the status signal of the optical module 18 provided from the monitor collection circuit 19 and the status signal of the optical module 36 provided from the monitor collection circuit 37.
- the monitoring device 17 gives a drive signal to the optical switch control circuit 21 when the deviation of each state signal exceeds a predetermined value. In response to the drive signal, the optical switch control circuit 21 switches the movable contact 43 of the optical switch 20 from the port 41 to the port 42 or from the port 42 to the port 41.
- the optical connector 31 is damaged when the optical system 10 is driven in a normal state where the movable contact 43 of the optical switch 20 is connected to the port 41 and the optical connector 31 of the optical cable 28 is optically connected to the optical connector 15.
- the case will be described.
- the value of the state signal from the monitor collection circuit 19 exceeds a value determined in advance with respect to the value of the state signal from the monitor collection circuit 37. Therefore, the optical switch control circuit 21 switches the movable contact 43 of the optical switch 20 from the port 41 on the current connection side to the port 42 on the opposite non-connection side.
- connection state of the optical connection circuit is switched from the port 40 of the optical switch 20 to the port 42 of the optical switch 20 ⁇ the optical fiber 26 ⁇ the optical connector 27 ⁇ the optical connector 34 ⁇ the optical fiber 33 ⁇ the optical connector 35.
- the optical connector 35 is optically connected to the optical connector 15.
- the optical system 10 forms an optical connection circuit that does not involve the damaged optical connector 31.
- the optical cable 28 having the damaged optical connector 31 repairs the damage and then optically connects the optical connector 30 to the optical connector 24 and returns to the previous state.
- the optical switch control circuit 21 switches the movable contact 43 of the optical switch 20 from the port 42 on the current connection side to the port 41 on the opposite non-connection side. Therefore, the connection state of the optical connection circuit is switched from the port 40 of the optical switch 20 to the port 41 of the optical switch 20 ⁇ the optical fiber 23 ⁇ the optical connector 24 ⁇ the optical connector 30 ⁇ the optical fiber 29 ⁇ the optical connector 31.
- the optical system 10 forms an optical connection circuit that does not involve the damaged optical connector 35.
- the optical cable 32 having the damaged optical connector 35 repairs the damage and then optically connects the optical connector 34 to the optical connector 27 and returns to the previous state.
- the optical switch control circuit 21 switches the movable contact 43 of the optical switch 20 from the port 41 on the current connection side to the port 42 on the opposite non-connection side.
- connection status of the optical connection circuit is switched from the port 40 of the optical switch 20 to the port 42 of the optical switch 20 ⁇ the optical fiber 26 ⁇ the optical connector 27 ⁇ the optical connector 34 ⁇ the optical fiber 33 ⁇ the optical connector 35.
- the optical connector 35 is optically connected to the optical connector 15.
- the optical system 10 forms an optical connection circuit that does not involve the damaged optical connector 31.
- the optical cable 28 having the damaged optical connector 31 repairs the damage and then optically connects the optical connector 30 to the optical connector 24 and returns to the previous state.
- the monitoring device 17 determines that the value of the state signal from the monitor collection circuit 19 exceeds a predetermined value with respect to the value of the state signal from the monitor collection circuit 37.
- the movable contact 43 of the optical switch 20 may be manually switched from the port 41 to the port 42 or from the port 42 to the port 41.
- the optical system 10 of the first embodiment even if the optical connector 31 or the optical connector 35 is damaged, an optical connection circuit that does not pass through the damaged optical connector 31 or the optical connector 35 is formed. Therefore, it is possible to cope with a plurality of optical connector damages, and to dramatically improve productivity.
- the monitoring device 17 processes information based on the optical information from the monitor collection circuits 19 and 37, and the optical switch control circuit 21 can automatically control the optical switch 20. . For this reason, an operator's burden can be reduced.
- the movable contact 43 of the optical switch 20 can be manually switched based on the optical information from the monitor collection circuits 19 and 37. For this reason, it is advantageous in terms of cost without using complicated circuits and mechanisms.
- the optical switch control circuit 21 can switch the movable contact 43 of the optical switch 20 from the current connection side to the opposite non-connection side. Therefore, the optical connection circuit can be automatically changed even when the optical system 10 does not have the autonomous output stop function.
- the optical connector 30 of the optical cable 28 is detachable from the optical connector 24 of the optical cable 22 and the optical connector 31 is detachable from the optical connector 15.
- the optical connector 34 of the optical cable 32 is detachable from the optical connector 27 of the optical cable 25 and the optical connector 35 is detachable from the optical connector 15. Therefore, it is possible to easily attach and detach when damaged.
- optical device 11 even if the optical connector 31 or the optical connector 35 is damaged, an optical connection circuit that does not pass through the damaged optical connector 31 or the optical connector 35 can be formed. For this reason, multiple optical connector damages can be dealt with, and productivity can be dramatically improved.
- the optical connection method even if the optical connector 31 or the optical connector 35 is damaged, the optical connection without using the damaged optical connector 31 or the optical connector 35 can be performed. For this reason, multiple optical connector damages can be dealt with, and productivity can be dramatically improved.
- the optical system 50 of the second embodiment has a configuration including a divided optical device 51 and an optical device 52.
- the optical device 51 includes the optical module 18.
- the optical device 52 includes an optical switch 20, an optical switch control circuit 21, an optical cable 22, an optical cable 25, an optical cable 28, and an optical cable 32.
- the optical device 51 includes an optical module 18, an optical fiber 53 optically connected to the optical module 18, and an optical connector 54 optically connected to the optical fiber 53.
- the optical device 52 includes an optical fiber 55 optically connected to the port 40 of the optical switch 20 and an optical connector 56 optically connected to the optical fiber 55.
- the optical connector 54 can be detachably attached to the optical connector 56.
- the optical device 52 by attaching the optical connector 56 of the optical device 52 to the optical connector 54 of the optical device 51, the optical device 52 can be retrofitted to the optical device 51 by a simple operation.
- the optical system 60 of the third embodiment includes an optical device 61 including two optical modules, an optical module 62 and an optical module 64.
- the optical module 62 has a monitor collection circuit 63.
- the optical module 64 has a monitor collection circuit 65.
- the optical fiber 67 is optically connected to the optical module 64.
- the optical fiber 67 is optically connected to the port 68 of the optical switch 66.
- the optical fiber 71 of the optical cable 70 is optically connected to the port 69 of the optical switch 66.
- the optical cable 73 includes an optical fiber 76, an optical connector 74 that is optically connected to one end of the optical fiber 76, and an optical connector 75 that is optically connected to the other end of the optical fiber 76.
- the optical connector 74 of the optical cable 73 is optically connected to the optical connector 72 of the optical cable 70.
- the port 68 is optically connected to the port 69.
- the port 68 is selectively optically connected to the port 42.
- the optical cable 73 that is not normally used can be shared by the plurality of optical modules 62 and the optical modules 64. For this reason, it is further advantageous in terms of cost.
- the optical system 80 of the fourth embodiment includes an optical device 81.
- the optical device 81 includes an optical module 82 and an optical switch 86.
- the optical module 82 includes a monitor collection circuit 83, a port 84, and a port 85.
- the optical switch 86 has a port 87, a port 88, a port 89, and a port 106.
- the port 84 is optically connected to the port 87 of the optical switch 86.
- the port 85 is optically connected to the port 88 of the optical switch 86.
- the port 89 of the optical switch 86 is one input side of a signal from another optical device (external optical device).
- An optical fiber 90 is connected to the port 89.
- the optical fiber 90 is optically connected to the optical connector 91.
- the optical connector 91 is connected to the optical connector 92.
- the optical connector 92 is optically connected to the optical fiber 95.
- a photodetector (photodiode) PD97 is optically connected to the optical fiber 90.
- the port 98 of the optical switch 86 is the other input side of signals from other optical devices.
- An optical fiber 99 is connected to the port 98.
- the optical connector 100 is optically connected to the optical fiber 99.
- the optical connector 100 is connected to the optical connector 101.
- the optical connector 101 is optically connected to the optical fiber 103.
- a photodetector PD 105 is optically connected to the optical fiber 99.
- the port 106 of the optical switch 86 is a signal output side to another optical device.
- An optical fiber 107 is connected to the port 106.
- the optical connector 108 is optically connected to the optical fiber 107.
- the optical connector 108 is connected to the optical connector 109.
- the optical connector 109 is optically connected to the optical fiber 111.
- a photodetector PD 113 is optically connected to the optical fiber 107.
- the photodetectors PD97, PD105, and PD113 are electrically connected to the optical switch control circuit 114, respectively.
- the optical switch control circuit 114 monitors the values of the photodetectors PD97, PD105, and PD113, and finds the photodetector that detects the largest value (S101).
- the optical switch control circuit 114 finds the port 89 of the optical switch 86 to which the photodetector PD97 is connected.
- the optical switch control circuit 114 optically connects the port 89 of the optical switch 86 connected to the port 87 to the port 88 connected to the input side of the optical module 82 (S102).
- the optical switch control circuit 114 sequentially connects the port 98 other than the port 89 and the port 106 to the port 87 connected to the output side of the optical module 82. At that time, the optical switch control circuit 114 monitors the values of the photodetectors PD105 and PD113 connected to the respective ports 98 and 106 (S103). Subsequently, the optical switch control circuit 114 compares the value of the photodetector PD105 with the value of the photodetector PD113 (S104).
- the port 98 is connected to the port 87 connected to the output side of the optical module 82, and is connected to the port 98.
- the value of the photodetector PD105 is monitored (S105).
- the port 106 is connected to the port 87 connected to the output side of the optical module 82, and is connected to the port 106.
- the value of the photodetector PD113 is monitored (S106).
- the port to which the output signal is connected is found out from the smaller value (the one without the Fresnel reflection by the optical connector). Therefore, even if the connection of the input / output connector to the optical module 82 is wrong by optically connecting the port 87 and the port that sends the output signal to the other device by the optical switch control circuit 114 and the port 87. No need to reconnect the optical connector.
- the optical module 82 can be normally operated without reconnecting the optical connector. It is.
- optical system, optical device, and optical connection method of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and appropriate modifications and improvements can be made.
- the optical system, the optical device, and the optical connection method of the present invention it is possible to drastically improve the productivity by being able to cope with a plurality of optical connector damages. As a result of the above, the burden on the worker can be drastically reduced. Therefore, the industrial applicability of the present invention is high.
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Abstract
Description
図7に示すように、特許文献1に記載の光システム600は、第1の光装置601(単に、光装置601とも称する)と、第2の光装置602(単に、光装置602とも称する)とを備える。第1の光装置601は、光モジュール603を備える。光モジュール603は、モニタ収集回路604を備える。光モジュール603は、光ファイバ605を通じて光コネクタ606と接続している。第2の光装置602は、光モジュール607を備える。光モジュール607は、モニタ収集回路608を備える。監視装置609は、各モニタ収集回路604、608と接続している。第1の光装置601においては、光コネクタ606は、光コネクタアダプタ610の光コネクタ611と光接続する。この光コネクタアダプタ610の光コネクタ612は、光ファイバ613に光接続した光コネクタ614と光接続している。また、光ファイバ613に光接続した光コネクタ615は、第2の光装置602の光モジュール607の光ファイバ616に光接続している。この構成により、特許文献1に記載の光システム600では、第1の光装置601の光コネクタ612が損傷した場合、光コネクタアダプタ610の光コネクタ612と光コネクタ611とを取り外し、光コネクタ606を光コネクタ614に直接接続する。特許文献1に記載の光システム600は、上述した光システム500のように、光装置501の光モジュール503を取り外して、製造工場に持ち込むような手間や費用を省略できる。しかしながら、光システム600では、光コネクタ606を光コネクタ614に直接接続して作業を行っている際に光コネクタ606が損傷した場合、光モジュール603を製造工場に持ち込まなくてはならない。従って、特許文献1に記載された光システム600の構成は、光コネクタが一回損傷した場合にしか対処できない。すなわち、光コネクタが複数回損傷した場合に対処することができない。
また、光装置11は、光ケーブル25と、光ケーブル28とを備えている。光ケーブル25は、光ファイバ26と、光ファイバ26の一端部に光接続した光コネクタ27を有する。光ケーブル28は、光ファイバ29と、光ファイバ29の一端部に光接続した光コネクタ30と、光ファイバ29の他端部に光接続した光コネクタ31とを有する。
また、光装置11は、光ケーブル32を備えている。光ケーブル32は、光ファイバ33と、光ファイバ33の一端部に光接続した光コネクタ34と、光ファイバ33の他端部に光接続した光コネクタ35とを有する。
監視装置17は、各状態信号の偏差があらかじめ定められた値を超えた場合に、光スイッチ制御回路21に駆動信号を与える。その駆動信号応じて、光スイッチ制御回路21は、光スイッチ20の可動接点43を、ポート41からポート42へ、或いは、ポート42からポート41へと切り換える。
11 光装置
15 光コネクタ
16 光コネクタ
17 監視装置
18 光モジュール
19 モニタ収集回路
20 光スイッチ
21 光スイッチ制御回路
24 光コネクタ
27 光コネクタ
30 光コネクタ
31 光コネクタ
34 光コネクタ
35 光コネクタ
36 光モジュール
37 モニタ収集回路
50 光システム
51 光装置
52 光装置
54 光コネクタ
56 光コネクタ
60 光システム
61 光装置
62 光モジュール
63 モニタ収集回路
64 光モジュール
65 モニタ収集回路
72 光コネクタ
74 光コネクタ
75 光コネクタ
80 光システム
81 光装置
82 光モジュール
83 モニタ収集回路
86 光スイッチ
91 光コネクタ
92 光コネクタ
93 光コネクタ
100 光コネクタ
101 光コネクタ
102 光コネクタ
108 光コネクタ
109 光コネクタ
110 光コネクタ
114 光スイッチ制御回路
PD97 光検出器
PD105 光検出器
PD113 光検出器
Claims (9)
- 光信号を送受信する光モジュールと、
前記光モジュールと光接続する光スイッチと、
前記光スイッチと光接続する複数の光コネクタと、を備え、
前記光スイッチは、前記光モジュールに前記複数の光コネクタのうち少なくとも一つを選択的に接続する
光システム。 - 前記光モジュールの光学特性を収集し、前記光学特性の情報を出力するモニタ収集回路と、
前記モニタ収集回路からの前記情報に基づいて前記光スイッチによる前記光モジュールと前記複数の光コネクタとの接続を切り換える監視装置と
をさらに備える請求項1に記載の光システム。 - 前記モニタ収集回路を含む複数のモニタ収集回路をさらに備え、
前記監視装置が、前記複数のモニタ収集回路からの情報の差に基づいて前記光スイッチによる前記光モジュールと前記複数の光コネクタとの接続を切り換える
請求項2に記載の光システム。 - 前記光モジュール、前記光スイッチおよび前記複数の光コネクタを備える光装置をさらに備え、
前記光コネクタおよび前記光スイッチが前記光装置に着脱自在に取り付けられる
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の光システム。 - 前記光スイッチの駆動を制御する光スイッチ制御回路
をさらに備える請求項4に記載の光システム。 - 前記光装置が、前記光モジュールを含む複数の光モジュール
をさらに備える請求項4又は5に記載の光システム。 - 前記光スイッチの前記光コネクタの側に設けられた光検出器
をさらに備える請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の光システム。 - 光信号を送受信する光モジュールと、
前記光モジュールと光接続する光スイッチと、
前記光スイッチと光接続する前記光スイッチと光接続する複数の光コネクタと、を備え、
前記光スイッチは、前記光モジュールに前記複数の光コネクタのうち少なくとも一つを選択的に接続する
光装置。 - 光信号を送受信する光モジュールに、複数の光コネクタのうち少なくとも一つを選択的に光接続することを含む光接続方法。
Priority Applications (3)
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US14/400,853 US20150147055A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2013-02-28 | Optical system, optical device, and optical connection method |
JP2014515518A JP6222084B2 (ja) | 2012-05-18 | 2013-02-28 | 光システム |
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US7726320B2 (en) | 2006-10-18 | 2010-06-01 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Tobacco-containing smoking article |
US9078473B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2015-07-14 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Smoking articles and use thereof for yielding inhalation materials |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN104303433A (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
JP6222084B2 (ja) | 2017-11-01 |
CN104303433B (zh) | 2017-03-29 |
JPWO2013172072A1 (ja) | 2016-01-12 |
US20150147055A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
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