Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
  • C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
  • C08F290/04—Polymers provided for in subclasses C08C or C08F
  • C08F290/042—Polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
  • C08F255/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having four or more carbon atoms
  • C08F255/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having four or more carbon atoms on to butene polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
  • C08F265/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00 on to polymers of amides or imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F269/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of heterocyclic oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F24/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
  • C08F8/14—Esterification
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates generally to oligomers and polymers having an architecture of one or more pendent polyisobutylene moieties grafted on to an organic backbone, wherein the backbone contains at least one, reactive functionality.
• PIBs telechelic polyisobutylenes
• Conventional process for preparing telechelic polyisobutylenes (PIBs) possessing reactive functionalities involve low temperature cationic polymerization followed by postpolymerization functionalization.
• allyl terminated telechelic polyisobutylenes are prepared by cationic polymerization followed by endcapping with allyltrimethyl silane.
• Telechelic polyisobutylenes containing multifunctional acrylates are conventionally made by esterification reaction of corresponding multifunctional hydroxy terminated polyisobutylenes with acryloyi chloride or acrylic acid. These processes provide a linear, polyisobutylene backbone functionalized at one or both ends, e.g.
• X-polyisobutylene backbone-X where X is a reactive functionality such as an acrylate, vinyl ether or allyl moiety.
• X is a reactive functionality such as an acrylate, vinyl ether or allyl moiety.
• the type of functionalization and number of steps employed in the process make such reactive polyisobutylene materials expensive.
• This disclosure provides functionalized oligomers or polymers having a grafted architecture of one or more pendent polyisobutylene moieties grafted on to a backbone containing at least one polymerizable reactive functionality.
• the disclosed reactive functionalized, PIB grafted oligomers and polymers will be referred to as reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers.
• These reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers can be schematically visualized as having a structure: PIB
• PIB PIB where the backbone is not polyisobutylene;
• X is a reactive functionality such as a (meth)acrylate, vinyl ether, allyl or maleimide moiety that is terminal to the backbone; and
• PIB is a polyisobutylene moiety grafted to the backbone.
• the reactive functionality is (meth)acrylate.
• (meth)acrylate includes acrylates and methacrylates.
• the disclosed reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers are structurally different from known polyisobutylene oligomers and polymers and provide new and different cured networks with new and different properties. Cured products of the disclosed polymers have potential advantages such as superior gas and moisture barrier properties and improved adhesion to low surface energy substrates
• This disclosure also provides processes useful for making the disclosed reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers employing readily available polyisobutylenesuccinic anhydride as a raw material to functionalize hydroxyl or amino groups present on mono or multifunctional (meth)acrylates, vinyl ethers, allyl ethers etc.
• the functionality in the reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers end product is determined by the functionality present in the hydroxy or amino functionalized (meth)acrylate, vinyl ether, or allyl ether starting material.
• This disclosure also provides a curable composition comprising the disclosed reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers. Cured products of the curable composition have properties advantageous for use as an adhesive or sealant.
• the disclosed compounds include any and all isomers and stereoisomers.
• the disclosed materials and processes may be alternately formulated to comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, any appropriate components, moieties or steps herein disclosed.
• the disclosed materials and processes may additionally, or alternatively, be formulated so as to be devoid, or substantially free, of any components, materials, ingredients, adjuvants, moieties, species and steps used in the prior art compositions or that are otherwise not necessary to the achievement of the function and/or objective of the present disclosure.
• One embodiment describes a reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymer having polyisobutylene grafted on to a backbone containing end reactive functionality, represented by the formula;
• Z is an organic backbone having a generally linear chain structure having 1 to about 50 atoms, advantageously 1 to about 20 atoms and more advantageously 1 to about 10 atoms.
• the Z structure can comprise one or more aliphatic groups, one or more aromatic groups, one or more heteroatoms or any combination thereof.
• the Z structure can include one or more of branching, pendant aliphatic groups, pendant aromatic groups and pendant heteroatoms. Z will not be polyisobutylene.
• Each M links one of Xi and X 2 to one atom of the Z organic backbone.
• Each M is independently selected from a covalent bond or an organic structure having 1 to about 20 atoms, advantageously 1 to about 10 atoms.
• Exemplary M structures include a covalent bond, heteroatom, CMO alkyl, C 6- io aryl, amide, urethane, urea, C 3-6 cycloaliphatic, Ce- ⁇ cycloaryl and polyether.
• M may include within that structure one or more linear, branched or cyclic portions; one or more saturated, unsaturated or aromatic portions; one or more substituents selected from carbonyl, amide, alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 6- io cycloaryl; one or more heteroatoms such as N, O or S atoms; or any combination thereof.
• Xi and X 2 are independently selected from H or a reactive functionality, but at least one of Xi and X 2 must be a reactive functionality.
• exemplary reactive functionalities include acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, allyl, styrenic, vinyl ether, maleimide and N- vinylamide.
• both Xi and X 2 comprise an independently selected reactive functionality. More preferably, both Xi and X 2 comprise an independently selected acrylate reactive functionality or methacrylate reactive functionality.
• Y is polyisobutylene group.
• L connects the polyisobutylene group to one atom of the Z organic backbone or one atom of the M portion.
• the polyisobutylene group does not have to be in a terminal position on the L linker.
• L is selected from a covalent bond or an organic structure having 1 to about 30 atoms, advantageously 1 to about 20 atoms and more advantageously 1 to about 10 atoms.
• L may include within that structure one or more linear, branched or cyclic portions, one or more saturated, unsaturated or aromatic portions, one or more heteroatoms such as N, O or S atoms, or any combination thereof.
• Some exemplary L structures include Ci -5 alkyl, a heteroatom, ester, thioester, amide, imide, cyclic imide, ketone, carboxyl, urethane, carbonate, urea and combinations thereof. If L is a covalent bond the polyisobutylene group is directly bonded to the Z organic backbone atom. If there are multiple L linkers each is independently selected and can be different from, or the same as, the other L linkers.
• n is an integer from 1-10.
• PIB grafted polymer having polyisobutylene grafted on to a backbone containing end reactive functionality, represented by the formula;
• Z is an organic backbone having a generally linear chain structure having 1 to about 50 atoms, advantageously 1 to about 20 atoms and more advantageously 1 to about 10 atoms.
• the Z structure can comprise one or more aliphatic groups, one or more aromatic groups, one or more heteroatoms or any combination thereof.
• the Z structure can include one or more of branching, pendant aliphatic groups, pendant aromatic groups and pendant heteroatoms. Z will not be polyisobutylene.
• Each M links one X to one atom of the Z organic backbone.
• Each M is independently selected from a covalent bond or an organic structure having 1 to about 20 atoms, advantageously 1 to about 10 atoms.
• Exemplary M structures include a covalent bond, heteroatom, CMO alkyl, C 6- io aryl, amide, urethane, urea, C 3- 6 cycloaliphatic, C 6- io cycloaryl and polyether.
• M may include within that structure one or more linear, branched or cyclic portions; one or more saturated, unsaturated or aromatic portions; one or more substituents selected from carbonyl, amide, alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 6- io cycloaryl; one or more heteroatoms such as N, O or S atoms; or any combination thereof.
• Each X is independently H or a reactive functionality, but at least one X must be a reactive functionality.
• exemplary reactive functionalities include acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, allyl, styrenic, vinyl ether, maleimide and N-vinylamide.
• X is an acrylate reactive functionality or methacrylate reactive functionality. More preferably, each X is an independently selected acrylate reactive functionality or methacrylate reactive functionality.
• Y is polyisobutylene group.
• L connects the polyisobutylene group Y one atom of the Z organic backbone.
• the polyisobutylene group does not have to be in a terminal position on the L linker.
• L is selected from a covalent bond or a structure having 1 to about 30 atoms, advantageously 1 to about 20 atoms and more advantageously 1 to about 10 atoms.
• L may include one or more linear, branched or cyclic portions, one or more saturated, unsaturated or aromatic portions, one or more heteroatoms such as N, O or S atoms, or any combination thereof.
• Some exemplary L portions include Ci -5 alkyl, a heteroatom, ester, thioester, amide, imide, cyclic imide, ketone, carboxyl, urethane, carbonate, urea and combinations thereof. If L is a covalent bond the polyisobutylene group is directly bonded to the Z organic backbone. If there are multiple L linkers each is independently selected and can be different from, or the same as, the other L linkers.
• n and n are each independently an integer from 1-10.
• One embodiment describes a reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymer having a telechelic polyisobutylene grafted on to a backbone containing end reactive functionality, represented by the formula;
• Z is an organic backbone having a generally linear chain structure of 1 to about 50 atoms, advantageously 1 to about 20 atoms and more advantageously 1 to about 10 atoms.
• Z can be saturated or unsaturated.
• the Z structure can comprise one or more aliphatic groups, one or more aromatic groups, one or more heteroatoms or any combination thereof.
• the Z structure can include one or more of branching, pendant aliphatic groups, pendant aromatic groups and pendant heteroatoms. Z will not be polyisobutylene.
• Xi , X 2 , X3 and X 4 are each independently selected from H or a reactive functionality, but at least one of Xi, X 2 , X3 and 4 must be a reactive functionality.
• exemplary reactive functionalities include acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, allyl, styrenic, vinyl ether, maleimide and N-vinylamide.
• all of Xi, X 2 X 3 and X comprise an independently selected reactive functionality. More preferably, all of Xi, X 2, X3 and X 4 comprise an independently selected acrylate or methacrylate reactive functionality.
• Each Y is a polyisobutylene group.
• R1 and R2 are segments connecting reactive functionalities Xi, X 2, X3 and X 4 and PIB groups Y to the backbone Z.
• Ri and R 2 are each independently selected organic structures having 1 to about 30 atoms, advantageously 1 to about 20 atoms and more advantageously 1 to about 10 atoms. Ri and R 2 may each independently include within that structure one or more linear, branched or cyclic portions, one or more saturated, unsaturated or aromatic portions, one or more heteroatoms such as N, O or S atoms, or any combination thereof. Exemplary and R 2 portions include a heteroatom, C ⁇ o alkyl, C 6- io aryl.
• the reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers in any disclosed embodiment can be used as part of a thermal or photo curable composition suitable for use as an adhesive or sealant.
• the reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers in any disclosed embodiment has a maximum molecular weight of about 30000 and a preferred molecular weight of about 10,000 or less, and a more preferred molecular weight of 1000 to 10,000. Unless otherwise specified all molecular weights are on a weight average basis (Mw).
• the reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers can be a liquid, a paste or a solid. If solid, the telechelic polymer can be formed in a convenient shape such as a film. Preferably, the telechelic polymer is a viscous liquid or paste. Viscosity of liquid or paste telechelic polymers can range from 10,000 cPs to about 5,000,000 cPs measured by either Brookfield viscometer (Model DV-11) or by ARES-M rheometer. As used herein a liquid will flow under gravity at room temperature (about 70°F); a paste may or may not flow under gravity at room temperature but can be pumped; and a solid will not flow under gravity at room temperature and can not be pumped at room temperature. Synthesis of reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers.
• (meth)acrylate polymers involves reaction of hydroxyl, amino or thiol group containing diacrylates with commercially available polyisobutylenesuccinic anhydride (PIBSA) optionally in the presence of a solvent and catalytic amount of a base or Lewis acid.
• PIBSA polyisobutylenesuccinic anhydride
• Lower molecular weight (less than about 2300 Mn, PIBSA is available commercially from suppliers such as BASF and Texas Petrochemicals group. Synthetic procedures for manufacture of higher molecular weight (about 2300 Mw) PIBSA are known. See, for example, United States Patent No. 4169836, the contents of which are incorporated in their entirety.
• the corresponding hydroxyacrylate starting materials are commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich.
• the reaction could be performed neat at higher temperature or optionally a solvent such as THF, dichloromethane, 1 ,2-dichloromethane and aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and toluene can be used.
• Lewis bases and Lewis acids can optionally be used as catalysts to accelerate the reaction.
• Some examples of Lewis bases include tertiary amines such as triethylamine, DMAP.
• Some examples of Lewis acid catalysts include zinc perchlorate, bismuth triflate, trimethylsilytrifluoromethane sulfonate, all commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich.
• Figure 1 Synthesis of PIB grafted multifunctional acrylates.
• PIB grafted acrylamides can be prepared by reacting the commercially available (Sigma-Aldrich) dihydroxy bisacrylamide shown below with PIBSA.
• PIB acrylates 4, 5 and 6 were obtained by reacting the commercially available (Sigma-Aldrich) trihydroxy diacrylate with an appropriate stoichiometric amount of PIBSA.
• GPC was used as an analytical technique to confirm grafting of multiple polyisobutylene units on the trihydroxy diacrylate compound.
• this method offers an opportunity to control the molecular weight of the PIB grafted acrylate polymer during the grafting process.
• This controlled grafting of PIB also offers an opportunity to adjust PIB loading of the polymer to advantageously enhance low surface energy adhesion.
• Figure 4 Synthesis of PIB grafted acrylates/acrylamides connected to the backbone at a single point on the backbone
• PIB acrylate 8 a commercially available amino alcohol was reacted with PIBSA and subsequently imidized to give the intermediate imidoalcohol.
• the imidoalcohol was esterified with methacrylic acid under Fischer esterification conditions to give PIB acrylate 8.
• a methacrylate containing amine such as t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate can be used for the ring opening of the anhydride of the PIBSA subsequent cyclization would afford PIB acrylate 9.
• amino alcohols that can be used in the aforementioned grafting and esterification sequence are shown in Figure 7. These include, but are not limited to, 3- amino-1 ,2-propanediol, serinol, 1 ,3-diamino-2-propanol and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, all of which are commercially available from Sigma- Aldrich. Secondary amino alcohols can be used to provide the corresponding amide acrylate or methacrylates. Some examples of secondary amino alcohols include, but are not limited to, 3-methylamino-1 ,2-propanediol, diethanolamine and N,N'-bis(2- hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine shown in Figure 7.
• Figure 7 Examples of amino alcohols that can be used in the grafting and subsequent
• PIB acrylate 10 Another approach to obtain grafted architecture PIB acrylates is schematically presented in Figure 8.
• PIB acrylate 10 which can be obtained by the reaction of PIBSA with hydroxyethyl methacrylate, can be reacted with a multifunctional vinyl ether to afford PIB acrylate 11 by carboxylic acid-vinyl ether addition reaction.
• PIB acrylate 11 has a grafted architecture of PIB along the diacrylate backbone.
• Figure 8 PIB grafted acrylates by carboxylic acid-vinyl ether addition reaction.
• PIB acrylate 10 can be reacted with a multifunctional vinyl ether to afford a PIB acrylate polymer by carboxylic acid-vinyl ether addition reaction.
• This PIB acrylate polymer has a grafted architecture of PIB along the diacrylate backbone.
• PIB acrylate 10 and two vinyl ethers were reacted to obtain PIB acrylate 12 and 13 ( Figure 9) by the carboxylic acid-vinyl ether addition reaction under both thermal and microwave conditions.
• This method was extended to other vinyl ethers such as 1 ,4-butanediol divinyl ether, vinyl ether ethyl methacrylate, to obtain corresponding PIB grafted diacrylates.
• vinyl ethers that could be used in this addition reaction include, but not limited to vinyl ethers that belong to the VECTOMER series, 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether, Bis[4-(vinyloxy)butyl](4- methyl-1 ,3-phenylene)biscarbamate, Bis[4-(vinyloxy)butyl](methylenedi-4,1- phenylene)biscarbamate, Bis[4-(vinyloxy)butyl]1 ,6-hexanediylbiscarbamate, Bis[4- (vinyloxy)butyl]isophthalate, Bis[4-(vinyloxybutyl]succinate, Bis[4- (vinyloxy)butyl]terephthalate, Bis[4-(vinyloxymethyl)cyclohexylmethyl]glutarate, di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether and tris[4-(vinyloxy)buty
• Curable compositions comprising reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers.
• the disclosed reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymers can be used as the basis of a thermal or photo curable composition suitable for use as an adhesive or sealant.
• the composition includes a cure-inducing component that can initiate free radical cure mechanism of the polymer.
• the initiating component is a photoinitiator.
• Photoinitiators enhance the rapidity of the curing process when the curable composition as a whole is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, such as actinic radiation.
• Useful actinic radiation includes ultraviolet light, visible light, and combinations thereof.
• the actinic radiation used to cure the liquid gasket-forming material has a wavelength from about 200 nm to about 1 ,000 nm.
• Useful UV includes, but is not limited to, UVA (about 320 nm to about 410 nm), UVB (about 290 nm to about 320 nm), UVC (about 220 nm to about 290 nm) and combinations thereof.
• Useful visible light includes, but is not limited to, blue light, green light, and combinations thereof. Such useful visible lights have a wavelength from about 450 nm to about 550 nm.
• photoinitiators for use herein include, but are not limited to, photoinitiators available commercially from Ciba Specialty Chemicals, under the "IRGACURE” and “DAROCUR” trade names, specifically "IRGACURE” 184 (1- hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone), 907 (2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholino propan-1-one), 369 (2-benzyl-2-N,N-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-1-butanone), 500 (the combination of 1 -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone and benzophenone), 651 (2,2- dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone), 1700 (the combination of bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl- 2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl) phosphine oxide and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one
• photoinitiators useful herein include alkyl pyruvates, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl pyruvates, and aryl pyruvates, such as phenyl, benzyl, and
• Photoinitiators particularly well-suited for use herein include ultraviolet photoinitiators, such as 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl
• acetophenone e.g., "IRGACURE” 651
• 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1 -propane e.g., "DAROCUR” 1173
• bis(2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl) phenyl phosphine oxide e.g., "IRGACURE” 819
• the ultraviolet/visible photoinitiator combination of bis(2,6- dimethoxybenzoyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphine oxide and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- phenyl-propan-1-one e.g., "IRGACURE” 1700
• the visible photoinitiator bis ⁇ 5 -2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)-bis[2,6-difluoro-3-(1 H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]titanium e.g., "IRGACURE” 784DC.
• the radical cure-inducing component can also be a heat-cure initiator (i.e., an ingredient or a combination of ingredients which at the desired elevated temperature conditions, e.g., from about 90°C to about 150°C (about 194°F to about 302°F) produces free radicals).
• Suitable initiators may include peroxy materials, e.g., peroxides, hydroperoxides, and peresters, which under appropriate elevated temperature conditions decompose to form peroxy free radicals which are initiatingly effective for the polymerization of the heat-curable compositions.
• the peroxy materials may be employed in the radical cure-inducing component in concentrations on the order of about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably 0.1% to 3% by weight of composition.
• Another useful class of heat-curing initiators comprises azonitrile compounds which yield free radicals when decomposed by heat. Heat is applied to the curable composition and the resulting free radicals initiate polymerization of the curable composition.
• azonitrile may be a compound of the formula:
• NC— C— N N— C— CN
• each R 14 is independently selected from a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, iso-butyl or n-pentyl radical
• each R 15 is independently selected from a methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, iso-propyl, cyclopropyl, carboxy-n-propyl, iso-butyl, cyclobutyl, n-pentyl, neo-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, benzyl, p-chlorobenzyl, or p-nitrobenzyl radical or R 4 and R 5 , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, represent a radical of the formula where m is an integer from 3 to 9, or the radical, or
• a desirable azonitrile initiator is 2,2'- azobis(iso-butyronitrile) or AIBN.
• the azonitrile may be employed in the cure-inducing component in concentrations on the order of about 500 to about 10,000 parts per million (ppm) by weight of composition, desirably about 1 ,000 to about 5,000 ppm.
• the curable composition can comprise a curable co-reactant component.
• a curable co-reactant component include at least one compound selected from a multifunctional alcohol, a polyamine, a polythiol, and combinations thereof.
• useful curable co-reactant components include those obtained by reacting polyamines containing terminal, primary and secondary amine groups or polyhydric alcohols, for example, the alkane, cycloalkane, alkene and cycloalkene polyols such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, bisphenol-A, 4,4'-dihydroxy-phenyldimethylmethane- substituted bisphenol-A, and the like.
• Useful alcohols include, without limitation, polyethylene glycol ethers having 3-7 ethylene oxide repeating units and terminal hydroxy groups; polyether alcohols; polyester alcohols; as well as alcohols based on polybutadiene.
• One useful alcohol is 1 ,4-butanediol.
• Additional useful alcohols include, without limitation, castor oil, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, etherdiol, ethylene glycol, caprolactone polyols and combinations thereof.
• acrylates for example the poly- and mono-functional (meth)acrylate esters.
• (Meth)acrylate esters include both acrylic esters and methacrylic esters.
• Some exemplary monofunctional polymerizable (meth)acrylate ester monomers include hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 2-aminopropyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate and the corresponding acrylates.
• Some exemplary polyfunctional monomers include polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate and dipropylene glycol dimethacrylate.
• R may be selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyi of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms or
• R 3 may be selected from hydrogen, halogen, and alkyl of 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and Ci -8 mono- or bicycloalkyl, a 3 to 8 membered heterocyclic radical with a maximum of 2 oxygen atoms in the ring;
• R 4 may be selected from hydrogen, hydroxy and
• n is an integer equal to at least 1 , e.g., from 1 to about 8 or higher, for instance from 1 to about 4;
• n is an integer equal to at least 1 , e.g., 1 to about 20 or more;
• v 0 or 1.
• R 5 is H, CH 3 , C2H5 or halogen, such as CI
• R 6 is (i) a Ci -8 hydroxyalkylene or aminoalkylene group, (ii) a C -6 alklamino-Ci -8 alkylene, a hydroxyphenylene, aminophenylene, hydroxynaphthalene or amino-naphthalene optionally substituted by a Ci_ 3 alkyl, Ci -3 alkylamino or di-Ci.3 alkylamino group
• R 7 is C2-20 alkylene, alkenylene or cycloalkylene, C6 -4 o arylene, alkarylene, aralkarylene, alkyloxyalkylene or aryloxyarylene optionally substituted by 1 -4 halogen atoms or by 1-3 amino or mono- or di-C-i-3 alkylamino or Ci-3 alkoxy groups.
• Other useful urethane acrylates include those that fall within the general structure:
• R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are as given above;
• R 8 is a non-functional residue of a polyamine or a polyhydric alcohol having at least n primary or secondary amino or hydroxy groups respectively;
• X is O or NR 9 where R 9 is H or a C -7 alkyl group; and
• n is an integer from 2 to 20.
• acrylates can be selected from the class of the acrylate, methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate esters of bisphenol A. Particularly useful are ethoxylated bisphenol-A-dimethacrylate ("EBIPMA").
• EBIPMA ethoxylated bisphenol-A-dimethacrylate
• Suitable acrylates include those which are exemplified but not restricted to the following materials: di-, tri-, and tetra-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, dipropylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, di(pentamethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol di(chloroacrylate), diglycerol diacrylate, diglycerol tetramethacrylate, tetramethylene dimethacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate and trimethylol propane triacrylate.
• the acrylate co-reactant component need not be in the pure state, but may comprise commercial grades in which inhibitors or stabilizers, such as polyhydric phenols, quinones, and the like are included. These materials function as free radical inhibitors to prevent premature polymerization of the acrylate co-reactant component. It is also within the scope of the present disclosure to obtain modified characteristics for the cured composition by utilization of one or more monomers either from those listed above or additional additives such as unsaturated monomers, including unsaturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated esters.
• the curable composition includes from about 1 % to about 99% by weight of composition of reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymer.
• the curable composition includes from about 10% to about 50% reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymer by weight of composition.
• the curable composition can optionally include from about 1 % to about 99% by weight of composition of one or more co-reactant components.
• the curable composition includes from about 50% to about 90% co-reactant component by weight of composition.
• the curable composition can optionally include from about 0.1 % to about 10% by weight of composition of one or more cure-inducing components.
• the curable composition can optionally include from about 0.1 % to about 3% by weight of composition of one or more cure-inducing components.
• the curable composition can optionally include from about 0% to about 90% by weight, more typically 10% to 30% by weight of composition of filler, such as fumed silica; from about 0% to about 20% by weight of composition of rheology modifier; from about 0% to about 20% by weight of composition of adhesion promoter; from about 0% to about 20% by weight of composition of fluorescent agent or pigment; from about 0% to about 20% by weight of composition of other additives known in the sealant arts, such as antioxidants, thickeners, plasticizers, pigments, dyes, diluents and solvents to produce desired functional characteristics, providing they do not significantly interfere with the ability of the curable composition to polymerize and provide a seal.
• the filler and the rheology modifier can be the same.
• the composition can include components (including resins) or fillers that improve refractive index of the cured polymer.
• components include transition metal acrylates such as zirconium acrylates; sulfur containing compounds and compounds containing aromatic groups. These refractive index improving components are advantageous for use of the composition in certain applications such as solar panel encapsulation.
• PIB acrylates were prepared by reacting PIB acrylate 10 in the above process and ethylene glycol vinyl ether, 1 ,4-butanediol divinyl ether, and vinyl ether ethyl (meth)acrylate.
• Photo curable composition comprising reactive functionalized, PIB grafted polymer.
• a curable composition comprising the above described PIB diacrylate I is shown below.
• the composition was prepared by adding the individual components in convenient order and mixing to dissolve components and to make the formulation homogenous
• the curable composition was tested to have the following properties.
• Viscosity was measured using a commercially available ARES-M rheometer. Peel adhesion was measured using an Instron 3300 instrument and following ASTM D3330 / D3330M.
• the composition has physical properties such as viscosity and flow that are suitable for application as a sealant. Cured products of the composition have properties advantageous for use as a barrier sealant, for example in an electronic display application.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-03-25 KR KR1020147032840A patent/KR101929088B1/ko active Active
  • 2013-03-25 JP JP2015508979A patent/JP6232050B2/ja active Active
  • 2013-03-25 CA CA2871327A patent/CA2871327A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-03-25 ES ES13780597T patent/ES2930426T3/es active Active
  • 2013-03-25 WO PCT/US2013/033637 patent/WO2013162804A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2013-03-25 EP EP13780597.4A patent/EP2841477B1/en active Active
  • 2013-03-25 CN CN201380022172.2A patent/CN104254552B/zh active Active
• 2014
  • 2014-09-17 US US14/488,824 patent/US9790309B2/en active Active

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