WO2013155868A1 - 一种提高灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的方法 - Google Patents

一种提高灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的方法 Download PDF

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WO2013155868A1
WO2013155868A1 PCT/CN2013/000394 CN2013000394W WO2013155868A1 WO 2013155868 A1 WO2013155868 A1 WO 2013155868A1 CN 2013000394 W CN2013000394 W CN 2013000394W WO 2013155868 A1 WO2013155868 A1 WO 2013155868A1
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ganoderma lucidum
mycelium
flavonoids
solution
days
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PCT/CN2013/000394
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English (en)
French (fr)
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姚强
宫志远
苏建昌
刘兆辉
王继磊
杜兴程
刘晓
朱肖艳
周庆新
朱珊
杨艳雯
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山东七河生物科技股份有限公司
山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所
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Priority to US14/373,381 priority Critical patent/US9284585B2/en
Publication of WO2013155868A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013155868A1/zh

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    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P17/00Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
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    • C12P17/06Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms containing a six-membered hetero ring, e.g. fluorescein
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    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/38Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound

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  • the invention particularly relates to a method for improving the yield of total flavonoids in the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum by using the expanded protein, and belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation engineering.
  • Ganoderma lucidum is a general term for the genus Ganodelmc (Ganodelmc genus Ganoderma. lucidum karst and Ganoderma. japonicrn L loyd) of the Polyporaceae family. It has the functions of strengthening the body and fixing it, and is called by the book. As a traditional Chinese precious medicine with thousands of years of medicinal history, Ganoderma lucidum has high medicinal value. It has been confirmed by modern pharmacological research conducted by scientific research institutions for decades that Ganoderma lucidum enhances human immunity, regulates blood sugar, and controls blood pressure. It has significant curative effect on adjuvant tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy, liver protection and liver protection, and promotion of sleep.
  • the medical certificate proves that Ganoderma lucidum, Zizhi and Yunzhi have the highest medicinal value.
  • the flavonoids are multi-faceted and are a strong antioxidant. They can effectively scavenge oxygen free radicals in the body.
  • the ability of flavonoids to prevent oxidation is more than ten times that of vitamin E, which can prevent cells.
  • Degeneration, aging can also prevent the occurrence of cancer.
  • Natural flavonoids are mostly glycosides The formula exists, and can be composed of different flavonoid glycosides due to the type, quantity, linkage position and connection mode of the sugar.
  • Flavonoids can improve blood circulation, lower cholesterol, improve symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and reduce blood sugar by 26% and glycerol triglyceride by 39%. Stabilizing collagen is very important for diabetic retinopathy and capillary embrittlement. Good role.
  • a process for simultaneously producing Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and Ganoderma lucidum by a liquid fermentation method is disclosed in the patent document CN 1264743 A (Application No. 00111953.2). It uses a microorganism whose Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss exFr.) arst. is produced by liquid aerobic fermentation, liquid aerobic fermentation-liquid static culture or liquid static culture, and can simultaneously obtain Ganoderma lucidum cells. Exopolysaccharide, intracellular polysaccharide and ganoderic acid, ginseng acid content can reach 2.8 mg / 100 mg, and the total amount of intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides is as high as 2.34 g / liter.
  • the method requires a process of inducing synthesis of the induced product by static culture, and the fermentation cycle is long.
  • the total fermentation time of the liquid aerobic fermentation plus the static culture takes more than 20 days, and the production efficiency is low, which cannot meet the needs of modern industrial fermentation production.
  • the high-yield liquid fermentation and extraction technology of Ganoderma lucidum flavonoids has not been reported in the literature, which further restricts the development of its industrial application.
  • Dilatation protein is a new type of protein found in plant cell wall in recent years. It was first isolated and purified from the cucumber hypocotyl elongation zone.
  • the present invention is directed to the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a method for increasing the yield of total flavonoids in the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum by using the expanded protein.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows - a method for improving the yield of total flavonoids in the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum, comprising the following steps -
  • the seed liquid prepared in the step (1) is inoculated into the liquid fermentation medium at a volume ratio of 5 to 10%, and the liquid is fermented for 3 to 5 days at a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C, and then the expanded protein is added.
  • the solution is adjusted to a concentration of 0.3 to 2.0 mg/mL, and then cultured for 5 to 7 days, and separated to obtain a mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum;
  • the PD liquid fermentation medium in the step (1) has the following composition per liter: 200 g of peeled potato, 20 g of glucose, and a volume of distilled water to 1000 mL.
  • the activation culture conditions in the step (1) are: shaking speed of 100 to 180 r / min, temperature of 25 to 30 ° C, and dark culture activation for 3 to 5 days.
  • the liquid fermentation medium in the step (2) has the following composition per liter:
  • the concentration of the dilated protein is 0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL; further preferably 0.75 to 1.75 mg/mL. Most preferably, in the step (2), the concentration of the dilated protein is 1.5 mg/mL.
  • the expanded protein solution in the step (2) can be prepared by referring to the prior art, such as using McQueen-Mason et al. in McQueen-Mason SJ, Durachko DM, Cosgrove D J. Two endogenous proteins that induce cell wall ext ension in plants. Preparation of the method described in Cell, 1992, 4: 1425-1433; it is also possible to prepare an expanded protein solution as follows:
  • Soybean or cucumber seeds are sterilized by 0.05 ⁇ 0.15 wt% HgCl 2 for 4 ⁇ 6 min, rinsed with running water for 5 ⁇ 7 h, then dark cultured at 25 ⁇ 28 °C for 4 ⁇ 6 days; cut off seedling hypocotyls top 3 ⁇ 4 Cm, pre-cooled at -20 °C for 0.5 h, pre-cooled to 4 'C homogenization buffer, homogenized, filtered through a nylon mesh with a pore size of 70 ⁇ , the filter residue was washed with homogenization buffer, and then the filter residue was added.
  • the precipitate was reconstituted with an acidic buffer, dialyzed against a dialysis bag having a molecular weight of 3000 Da at 4 ° C, and the dialysate was centrifuged at 20000 g for 10 min.
  • the prepared supernatant is the prepared dilated protein solution.
  • the homogenization buffer component is: 25 mmol/L HEPES (4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid), 1.5 mmol/L Na 2 S 2 0 5 , 2 mmol/ L EDTA, 0.1 wt% Triton X-100, pH 7.0;
  • the extract component is: 15 mmol/L 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid, 1.0 mmol/L EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), 1.5 mmol/L Na 2 S 2 0 5 , 0.5 mol/L NaCl, pH 6.0;
  • the acidic buffer is prepared by dissolving 2.05 g of sodium acetate in water, adjusting the pH to 4.0 with glacial acetic acid, and diluting to 1 L with distilled water. .
  • the separation method described in the step (2) is: centrifugation at 10 ° C for 1 min at 15000 r/min.
  • the method for extracting flavonoids from the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum in the step (3) can be referred to (Fan Xiaojun et al., Ultrasonic extraction of total flavonoids from the leaves of the cedar leaves, Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008 (11) ): 13 ⁇ 14), you can also follow the steps below:
  • the ganoderma mycelium obtained in the step (2) is dried at 65 ° C, ground into a powder, and added with 70-80% ethanol, 60-70 ° C, 40 kHz power 200 W, ultrasonic extraction for 3 to 5 h, Filtration, taking the filtrate, filtering the residue, repeating the above ultrasonic extraction, filtration step 2 to 3 times, and combining the filtrates to obtain a flavonoid component.
  • the invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention uses plant dilating protein for liquid fermentation production of flavonoids of ganoderma lucidum, optimizes fermentation process and extraction method, and greatly increases the yield of total flavonoids in ganoderma lucidum, so that the yield per liter of fermentation broth reaches 760.1 mg, extracted.
  • the total flavonoids can be directly used for the preparation of drugs such as immune regulation, anti-tumor, blood sugar lowering, etc.
  • the technical process and method of the invention are also suitable for large-scale production of fermenters, and have good industrial application prospects.
  • the liquid fermentation process and extraction method of the ganoderma lucidum mycelium used in the invention is simple, the repeatability is good, the step of inducing the synthesis product such as static culture is not required, the fermentation cycle is short, the efficiency is high, and the natural product is used as the production raw material, and the environment is environmentally friendly. Non-toxic, low cost.
  • the entire fermentation process is controllable and independent of external environmental conditions, making it ideal for industrial production and application promotion.
  • the Ganoderma lucidum fermentation strain of the invention is also applicable to other common Cordyceps cultivars.
  • the expanded protein of the present invention can be extracted from different dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants and fungi, and has a wide range of sources, low cost, relatively simple preparation method, and can be scaled up and produced for Ganoderma lucidum flavonoid active substances. Fermentation production has a very good promoting effect.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations of dilated protein solution on the total flavonoids production in Ganoderma lucidum mycelium;
  • the Ganoderma lucidum strains described in the examples were selected from Ganoderma lucidun, and the strain number was CGMCC. No.5.644; and G021 lucidum strain number is CGMCC No.5.534.
  • the above Ganoderma lucidum strains were purchased from the General Microbiology Center of the China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee.
  • the rutin standard in the examples was purchased from Jinan Shengwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and other reagents were commonly used in commercial production.
  • the seeds of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. CV. M40; purchased from Jinan Weili Seed Co., Ltd.) or cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. CV. Jinnian No. 6; purchased from Jinan Weili Seed Co., Ltd.) were 0.1.
  • the wt% HgCl 2 was sterilized for 5 min, rinsed with running water for 6 h, and then planted in the wet vermiculite, and cultured at 27 ° C for 5 d in the dark.
  • Dialysis dialysate was centrifuged at 20,000 g for 10 min, and the supernatant was taken as the prepared dilated protein solution, and stored at 4 °C. Other undescribed steps can be carried out as described in McQueen-Mason et al., McQueen-Mason SJ, Durachko DM, Cosgrove D J. Two endogenous proteins that induce cell wall extension in plants. Plant Cell, 1992, 4: 1425-1433.
  • the above homogenization buffer components were: 25 mmol/L HEPES (4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid), 1.5 mmol/L Na 2 S 2 0 5 , 2 mmol/LEDTA, 0.1 wt % Triton X-100, H 7.0;
  • the above extract components are: 15 mmol / L HEPES, 1.0 mmol / L EDTA, 1.5 mmol / L Na 2 S 2 0 5 , 0.5 mol / L NaCl, pH 6.0;
  • the acidic buffer is prepared per liter as follows:
  • the method for determining the concentration of the expanded protein solution is detected by the Coomassie Brilliant Blue method, and can be specifically referred to by the Coomassie Brilliant Blue method described in the Guide to Fine Protein Science Experiments, ISBN: 703018086, publication date 1900-1-1.
  • Bovine serum albumin was used as a standard curve, and the concentration of the expanded protein in the above expanded protein solution was determined to be 0.31 g/mL.
  • the components per liter were as follows - 200 g of peeled potatoes, 20 g of glucose, and distilled water to a volume of 1000 mL.
  • liquid fermentation medium described in the examples the composition per liter is as follows:
  • a method for increasing the yield of total flavonoids in the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum comprises the following steps:
  • the seed liquid obtained in the step (1) is inoculated into the liquid fermentation medium at a volume ratio of 10%, and the liquid is fermented for 3 days at a temperature of 30 ° C, and then the dilating protein solution is added to make the expanded protein.
  • the concentration was 0.5 mg/mL, and then the culture was continued for 7 days, and centrifuged for 10 min at 15000 r/min to obtain the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum;
  • the flavonoids obtained by using 1 L of fermentation broth were made up to 50 mL with a 70% ethanol solution to prepare a flavonoid sample to be tested.
  • step (2) the liquid is fermented for 4 days at a temperature of 30 ° C, and then the dilating protein solution is added to make the concentration of the expanded protein 1.5 mg / mL, then continue to culture for 6 days.
  • the total flavonoid content in the sample to be tested is 7.601 mg, that is, the flavonol fermentation broth is obtained per liter.
  • the specific results are shown in Figure 1.
  • step (2) the liquid was cultured for 5 days at a temperature of 30 ° C, and then the dilating protein solution was added to make the concentration of the expanded protein 2.0 mg / mL, then continue to culture for 5 days.
  • the specific results are shown in Figure 1.
  • Example 2 The method as described in Example 1, except that the strain used is G. sinensis Garwderma lucidum, the strain number is CGMCC No. 5.534, and in the step (2), at a temperature of 30 ° C, the liquid The fermentation was carried out for 4 days, and then the dilatation protein solution was added to make the concentration of the dilating protein 1.5 mg/mL, and then the culture was continued for 6 days.
  • the total flavonoid content in the sample to be tested is 6.955 mg
  • step (2) The method as described in Example 1 was carried out, except that in step (2), the expanded protein solution was not added, and the liquid was cultured for 10 days at a temperature of 30 °C.
  • the total flavonoid content in the sample to be tested is 1.107 mg
  • the specific results are shown in Figure 1.

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Abstract

本发明为一种利用扩张蛋白提高灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的方法,包括如下的步骤:(1)将灵芝菌种接种到PD液体发酵培养基中,进行活化培养,得种子液;(2)将种子液接种于液体发酵培养基中,液体发酵培养3~5天,然后加入扩张蛋白溶液,然后继续培养5~7天,分离,得到灵芝菌丝体;(3)从灵芝菌丝体中提取黄酮类成分,得到总黄酮。本发明将植物扩张蛋白用于灵芝黄酮类成分的液体发酵生产,且优化了发酵工艺和提取方法,使每升发酵液产量达到760.1mg。

Description

一种提高灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的方法 技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种利用扩张蛋白提高灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的方法,属于生物发酵 工程技术领域。
背景技术
灵芝 ( Ganoderma lucidum )是担子菌纲多孔菌科 (Polyporaceae )灵芝属 ( Ganodelmc^ 真菌赤芝 Ganoderma. lucidum karst和紫芝 Ganoderma. japonicrn L loyd的总称, 具有扶正 固本等功效, 被《本经》称为上品。 灵芝作为拥有数千年药用历史的中国传统珍贵药材, 具 备很高的药用价值,经过科研机构数十年的现代药理学研究证实,灵芝对于增强人体免疫力, 调节血糖, 控制血压, 辅助肿瘤放化疗, 保肝护肝, 促进睡眠等方面均具有显著疗效, 医学 证明赤灵芝、紫芝、云芝药用价值最高。近年来,对灵芝属真菌的化学成分及临床研究颇多, 其中黄酮类物质成分的功效是多方面的, 是一种很强的抗氧剂, 可有效清除体内的氧 自由基, 黄酮类物质阻止氧化的能力是维生素 E的十几倍以上, 可以阻止细胞的退化、 衰老, 也可阻止癌症的发生。 天然黄酮类化合物多以苷类形式存在 , 并且由于糖的种 类、 数量、 联接位置及联接方式不同可以组成不同的黄酮苷类。 黄酮类化合物作为保 健产品首次引起国际医药界的注意是在廿世纪八十年代末。 实验证明灵芝黄酮可以改 善血液循环, 降低胆固醇, 改善心脑血管疾病的症状, 还可以降低 26 %的血糖和 39 % 的三元脂肪酸丙酯, 稳定胶原质对糖尿病引起的视网膜病及毛细血管脆化有很好的作 用。
目前, 已从灵芝中分离出 10多种黄酮类化合物, 包括黄酮类、 黄酮醇类和双氢黄 酮类等。 但是, 灵芝黄酮类成分的产量成为抑制其应用的限制因素, 在自然界中野生灵芝 十分稀少, 远不能满足人们的需要。采用灵芝液体发酵的方法生产灵芝药用活性成分因为具 有生产周期短、劳动力省以及受外部环境影响小等优点被认为是一种有效的方法。 国内外主 要是对灵芝菌丝体培养生产活性药用成分研究和工艺应用主要集中在发酵条件及产物提取 分离等层面上, 整体发酵水平不高。
如专利文献 CN 1264743A (申请号 00111953.2 )公开了一种液体发酵法同时生产灵芝多 糖和灵芝酸的工艺。 它采用微生物为灵芝属 Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss exFr. ) arst.的菌种, 用液体好氧发酵法、 液体好氧发酵 -液体静置培养法或液体静置培养法进行生产, 可以同时 获得灵芝胞外多糖、 胞内多糖和灵芝酸, 灵芝酸含量可达 2.8毫克 /100毫克, 胞内和胞外多 糖总量高达 2.34克 /升。 该方法需要静置培养诱导合成产物的过程, 发酵周期长, 液体好氧 发酵加上静置培养的总发酵时间需 20天以上, 生产效率低, 还不能满足现代工业化发酵生 产的需要。对灵芝黄酮成分的高产液体发酵和提取技术还未见文献报道, 更加限制其工业化 应用的发展。 扩张蛋白是近年在植物细胞壁中发现的一类新型蛋白,最先是从黄瓜下胚轴伸长区分离 纯化得到, 研究表明在燕麦胚芽鞘细胞壁、 栝楼根尖细胞壁、 番茄、 烟草、 拟南芥、 水稻、 棉纤维、 玉米、 大豆等细胞壁中也有扩张蛋白的存在, 与促进其细胞生理生长, 影响营养生 长、 形态发生、 授粉受精、 果实软化等生理生长过程有关。 利用重组细胞壁实验研究证实了 扩张蛋白具有诱导热钝化的离体细胞壁恢复伸展的功能,推测其能够打断细胞壁多聚物之间 的氢键进而诱导酸依赖的细胞壁延展和压力松弛等生理活动, 是植物生长过程中生理调控、 细胞壁延伸的主要生理调节物质。但是,关于扩张蛋白的作用机制国内外均未有明确的定论, 将扩张蛋白应用于灵芝的液体发酵生产, 提高其黄酮类有效成分的产量国内外尚未见报道。
发明内容:
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供一种利用扩张蛋白提高灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的方 法。
本发明技术方案如下- 一种提高灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的方法, 包括如下步骤-
( 1 ) 将灵芝菌种接种到 PD液体发酵培养基中, 进行活化培养, 得种子液;
(2)将步骤(1 )制得种子液按 5~10 %体积比接种于液体发酵培养基中, 在温度 25〜 30 °C的条件下, 液体发酵培养 3〜5天,然后加入扩张蛋白溶液, 使扩张蛋白的浓度为 0.3〜 2.0 mg/mL, 然后继续培养 5〜7天, 分离, 得到灵芝菌丝体;
(3 ) 从步骤 (2) 制得的灵芝菌丝体中提取黄酮类成分, 得到总黄酮。
根据本发明优选的, 所述步骤 (1 ) 中的 PD液体发酵培养基, 每升组分如下: 去皮马铃薯 200 g、 葡萄糖 20 g, 蒸馏水定容至 1000 mL。
根据本发明优选的, 所述步骤(1 ) 中的活化培养条件为: 摇床转速 100~180 r/min, 温 度 25〜30°C, 暗培养活化 3〜5天。
根据本发明优选的, 所述步骤 (2) 中的液体发酵培养基, 每升组分如下:
乳糖 20 g,蔗糖 20 g,黄豆粉 25 g,蛋白胨 2 g,酵母浸膏 l g,MgSO4 H2O 0.5 g, KH2P04 0.5 g, 水定容至 lOOO mL, pH 6.0。
根据本发明优选的, 所述步骤 (2) 中, 扩张蛋白的浓度为 0.5〜2.0 mg/mL; 进一步优 选 0.75〜1.75 mg/mL。 最优选的, 所述步骤 (2) 中, 扩张蛋白的浓度为 1.5 mg/mL。
所述步骤 (2) 中的扩张蛋白溶液可参照现有技术制备, 如采用 McQueen-Mason等在 McQueen-Mason S J, Durachko D M, Cosgrove D J. Two endogenous proteins that induce cell wall ext ension in plants. Plant Cell, 1992, 4: 1425-1433中的记载的方法制备;也可以按照如下 方法制备扩张蛋白溶液:
将大豆或黄瓜种子经 0.05〜0.15 wt% HgCl2消毒 4〜6 min,流水冲洗 5〜7 h,然后, 25〜 28 °C暗培养 4〜6天; 剪取幼苗下胚轴顶端 3〜4 cm, 置 -20 °C预冷 0.5 h, 加预冷至 4 'C的 匀浆缓冲液, 匀浆后, 用孔径 70 μιη的尼龙网过滤, 滤渣经匀浆缓冲液洗涤, 然后将滤渣加 入匀浆缓冲液中, 室温静置 l〜3 h, 得静置液; 向静置液中加入提取液, 4 'C下提取 44〜50 h, 过滤, 按 0.3〜0.5 g/mL的添加量向滤液中缓慢添加 (NH4) 2S04, 添加 (N ) 2S04过 程中不断搅拌, 防止(N ) 2S04局部过饱和, 然后静置 45〜50 h, 4 °C条件下 25000 g离 心 5〜10 min,沉淀用酸性缓冲液复溶, 4 °C下分子量 3000 Da的透析袋透析,透析液经 20000 g离心 lO min, 取上清液即为制备的扩张蛋白溶液。
上述扩张蛋白溶液制备方法中, 所述匀浆缓冲液组分为: 25 mmol/L HEPES (4-羟乙基 哌嗪乙磺酸), 1.5 mmol/L Na2S205, 2 mmol/ L EDTA, 0.1 wt% Triton X-100, pH 7.0; 所述 提取液组分为: 15 mmol/ L 4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸, 1.0 mmol/ L EDTA (乙二胺四乙酸), 1.5 mmol/ L Na2S205, 0.5 mol/LNaCl, pH 6.0; 所述酸性缓冲液配制是: 将 2.05 g醋酸钠溶于水 中, 用冰醋酸调节 pH至 4.0, 蒸馏水定容至 1 L。
根据本发明优选的, 步骤 (2) 中所述的分离方法为: 4 °C 15000 r/min条件下离心分离 10 min。
根据本发明优选的, 所述步骤(3 )中灵芝菌丝体中提取黄酮类成分的方法, 可参照(范 小均等, 超声波提取落羽杉叶总黄酮的工艺研究, 甘肃农业科技, 2008 ( 11 ): 13〜14) 中 所述方法, 也可按如下步骤如下:
将步骤(2)制得的灵芝菌丝体 65 °C烘干, 研成粉末, 加入 70〜80 %乙醇, 60〜70 °C、 40 kHz功率 200 W条件下, 超声提取 3〜5 h, 过滤, 取滤液, 滤渣重复上述超声提取、 过 滤步骤 2〜3次, 合并滤液, 即得黄酮类成分。
本发明同已有技术相比有如下优点:
1. 本发明将植物扩张蛋白用于灵芝黄酮类成分的液体发酵生产, 且优化了发酵工艺和 提取方法, 大幅度提高灵芝中总黄酮的产量, 使每升发酵液产量达到 760.1 mg, 提取的总黄 酮可直接用于免疫力调节、 抗肿瘤、 降血糖等药物的制备, 本发明的技术工艺和方法同样适 用于发酵罐规模化生产, 具有很好的工业化应用前景。
2. 本发明所采用的灵芝菌丝体液体发酵工艺和提取方法简单, 重复性好, 无需静置培 养等诱导合成产物的步骤, 发酵周期短, 效率高, 同时利用天然产物作为生产原料, 环保无 毒,成本低。整个发酵过程可控, 不受外部环境条件限制, 非常适合工业化生产和应用推广。 本发明灵芝发酵菌种同样适用于其它普通蛹虫草栽培品种。
3. 本发明所述扩张蛋白可从大多数双子叶和单子叶植物及真菌等不同物种中提取, 来 源广泛, 成本较低, 制备方法也相对简单, 可规模提取生产, 对灵芝黄酮类活性物质的发酵 生产具有很好的促进效果。
附图说明
图 1是不同浓度的扩张蛋白溶液对灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的影响曲线;
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作详细说明, 但本发明所保护范围不限于此。
原料及培养基
实施例中所述的灵芝菌种选用泰山赤灵芝 Ganoderma lucidun , 菌种编号为 CGMCC No.5.644; 和信州灵芝 (Gmode丽 lucidum) 菌种编号为 CGMCC No.5.534。 上述灵芝菌 种均购自中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心。
实施例中所述芦丁标准品购自济南盛伟生物科技有限公司, 其它试剂均为常用市售产
P
实施例中所述的扩张蛋白溶液的制备步骤如下:
将大豆(Glycine max L. Merr. CV. M40; 购自济南伟丽种业有限公司)或黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L. CV. Jinnian No.6; 购自济南伟丽种业有限公司)种子经 0.1 wt% HgCl2消毒 5 min, 流水冲洗 6 h , 然后, 栽入湿蛭石中, 27 °C暗培养 5 d。 剪取幼苗下胚轴顶端 3〜4 cm, 即 生长区约 100 g,置 -20 °C冰箱预冷 0.5 h,加预冷至 4 °C的匀浆缓冲液,高速匀浆后,用 70 μπι 尼龙网过滤, 滤渣经匀浆缓冲液洗涤, 然后将滤渣加入匀浆缓冲液中, 室温静置 2 h, 得静 置液; 向静置液中加入提取液, 4 °C下提取 48h, 过滤, 滤液按 0.4 g/mL的添加量向滤液中 缓慢添加 (N ) 2S04, 添加 (NH4) 2S04过程中不断搅拌, 防止(N ) 2S04局部过饱和, 然后静置 48 h, 4 °C条件下 25000 g离心 10 min, 沉淀用酸性缓冲液复溶, 4 °C条件下用截 留分子量为 3000 Da的聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF) 透析袋 (购自北京博润莱特科技有限公司) 透 析, 透析液经 20000g离心 10min, 取上清液即为制备的扩张蛋白溶液, 置 4 °C下保存。 其 他未描述歩骤可参照 McQueen-Mason等在 McQueen-Mason S J, Durachko D M, Cosgrove D J. Two endogenous proteins that induce cell wall extension in plants. Plant Cell, 1992, 4: 1425-1433中的描述进行。
上述匀浆缓冲液组分为: 25 mmol/L HEPES (4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸), 1.5 mmol/ L Na2S205, 2mmol/LEDTA, 0.1 wt % Triton X- 100, H 7.0;
上述提取液组分为: 15 mmol/L HEPES, 1.0 mmol/ L EDTA, 1.5 mmol/L Na2S205, 0.5 mol/LNaCl, pH 6.0;
所述酸性缓冲液每升按如下方法配制:
将 2.05 g醋酸钠溶于水中, 用冰醋酸调节 pH至 4.0, 水定容至 1 L。
扩张蛋白溶液浓度的测定方法采用考马斯亮蓝法检测, 具体可参照 (《精编蛋白质科学 实验指南》, ISBN: 703018086, 出版日期 1900-1-1) 中记载的考马斯亮蓝法进行操作, 以 牛血清白蛋白作标准曲线, 经检测上述扩张蛋白溶液中扩张蛋白浓度为 0.31 g/mL。
实施例中所述 PD液体发酵培养基, 每升组分如下- 去皮马铃薯 200 g、 葡萄糖 20g, 蒸馏水定容至 1000 mL。
实施例中所述的液体发酵培养基, 每升组分如下:
乳糖 20 g,蔗糖 20 g,黄豆粉 25 g,蛋白胨 2 g,酵母浸膏 1 g, MgS04-7H200.5 g, KH2P04 0.5 g, 水定容至 lOOOmL, pH6.0。
实施例 1:
一种提高灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的方法, 包括如下步骤:
(1) 将泰山赤灵芝 Ganode画 iucidu O 菌种, 菌种编号为 CGMCC No.5.644, 接种 到 PD液体发酵培养基中, 摇床转速 150r/min, 温度 28°C, 暗培养活化 3天, 得种子液;
(2)将步骤 (1) 制得种子液按 10%体积比接种于液体发酵培养基中, 在温度 30°C的 条件下, 液体发酵培养 3天, 然后加入扩张蛋白溶液, 使扩张蛋白的浓度为 0.5mg/mL, 然 后继续培养 7天, 15000r/min条件下离心分离 10min, 得到灵芝菌丝体;
(3) 将步骤 (2) 1 L发酵液制得的灵芝菌丝体 65 °C烘干, 研成粉末, 制得菌丝粉末 1314.7 mg, 取菌丝粉末 100mg, 加入 2 mL 70%乙醇, 65 °C、 40 kHz功率 200 W下, 超声 提取 3 h, 过滤, 滤液封口置 4 °C下冷藏保存, 滤渣重复上述超声提取、 过滤步骤 3次, 合 并滤液, 得到总黄酮。
总黄酮待测样品的制备
通过 1 L发酵液取制得的黄酮类成分,用体积浓度为 70%的乙醇溶液定容至 50 mL,制 得黄酮类成分待测样品。
总黄酮的测定
采用本领域常规的比色法测定方法 (参照 《生物化学实验方法和技术》, ISBN: 978-7-03-010685-8, 日期 2009.7):
(1) 标准曲线的建立
精确称取芦丁标准品 0.5 g, 置于 25mL容量瓶中, 用体积浓度 30 %的乙醇溶液溶解, 稀释至刻度。 精确量取 lOmL, 置于 lOOmL容量瓶中, 蒸馏水稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 即得 2.0 mg/mL的芦丁标准品溶液。精确量取 OmL, 1 mL, 2mL, 3 mL, 4mL, 5 mL, 6mL, 7mL 标准品溶液, 分别置于 25 mL的容量瓶中, 加体积浓度 30%的乙醇溶液补足至 6 mL, 各加 5 %亚硝酸钠溶液 1 mL,摇匀,放置 5 min,再各加 10wt%硝酸铝溶液 1 mL,摇勾放置 5 min, 再各加 1 wt%氢氧化钠溶液 10mL,分别用体积浓度 30%的乙醇溶液稀释至刻度。 以标准液 OmL管为空白对照, 在波长 510 nm处测吸收度。 以吸收度为横坐标, 以总黄铜含量为纵坐 标, 绘制标准曲线。
(2) 总黄酮产量的检测
取制得的总黄酮待测样品 0.5 mL于 25 mL容量瓶中, 加体积浓度 30 %的乙醇溶液补足 至 6mL, 力 Π 5 wt%亚硝酸钠溶液 1 mL, 摇匀, 放置 5 min, 再加 10 wt%硝酸铝溶液 1 mL, 摇匀放置 5min, 再加 l wt%氢氧化钠溶液 lOmL, 分别用体积浓度 30 %的乙醇溶液稀释至 刻度,以只加 6mL体积浓度 30%的乙醇溶液稀释至刻度的样品作空白对照,在波长 510 nm 处测吸收度。从标准曲线上对应计算获得待测样品中总黄酮含量为 3.726 mg, 得到黄酮发酵 液每升总黄酮含量为 3.726x100=372.6 mg (测定值 χΙΟΟ的倍数 =对应 1 L发酵液的总黄酮含 量)。 具体结果见图 1。
实施例 2:
如实施例 1所述的方法, 不同之处在于, 步骤(2) 中, 在温度 30°C的条件下, 液体发 酵培养 4天, 然后加入扩张蛋白溶液, 使扩张蛋白的浓度为 1.5mg/mL, 然后继续培养 6天。
从标准曲线上对应计算获得待测样品中总黄酮含量为 7.601 mg,即得到黄酮发酵液每升 总黄酮含量为 7.601 x100=760.1 mg (测定值 χΙΟΟ的倍数 =对应 1 L发酵液的总黄酮含量)。具 体结果见图 1。
实施例 3:
如实施例 1所述的方法, 不同之处在于, 步骤(2) 中, 在温度 30 °C的条件下, 液体发 酵培养 5天, 然后加入扩张蛋白溶液, 使扩张蛋白的浓度为 2.0 mg/mL,然后继续培养 5天。
经检测计算,
从标准曲线上对应计算获得待测样品中总黄酮含量为 5.017 mg,得到黄酮发酵液每升总 黄酮含量为 5.017x100=501.7 mg (测定值 χΙΟΟ的倍数 =对应 1 L发酵液的总黄酮含量)。具体 结果见图 1。
实施例 4:
如实施例 1所述的方法, 不同之处在于, 所采用菌种为信州灵芝 Garwderma lucidum ) 菌种编号为 CGMCC No. 5.534, 且步骤 (2 ) 中, 在温度 30 °C的条件下, 液体发酵培养 4 天, 然后加入扩张蛋白溶液, 使扩张蛋白的浓度为 1.5 mg/mL, 然后继续培养 6天。
从标准曲线上对应计算获得待测样品中总黄酮含量为 6.955 mg,得到黄酮发酵液每升总 黄酮含量为 6.955x100=695.5 mg (测定值 χΙΟΟ的倍数 =对应 1 L发酵液的总黄酮含量)。
对比例 1 :
如实施例 1所述的方法, 不同之处在于, 步骤 (2) 中, 不加入扩张蛋白溶液, 在温度 30 °C的条件下, 液体发酵培养 10天。
从标准曲线上对应计算获得待测样品中总黄酮含量为 1.107 mg,得到黄酮发酵液每升总 黄酮含量为 1.107x100=110.7 mg (测定值 χΙΟΟ的倍数 =对应 1 L发酵液的总黄酮含量)。具体 结果见图 1。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种提高灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下步骤:
( 1 ) 将灵芝菌种接种到 PD液体发酵培养基中, 进行活化培养, 得种子液;
(2)将步骤(1 )制得种子液按 5〜10 %体积比接种于液体发酵培养基中, 在温度 25〜 30 °C的条件下, 液体发酵培养 3〜5天, 然后加入扩张蛋白溶液, 使扩张蛋白的浓度为 0.3〜 2.0 mg/mL, 然后继续培养 5〜7天, 分离, 得到灵芝菌丝体;
(3 ) 从步骤 (2) 制得的灵芝菌丝体中提取黄酮类成分, 得到总黄酮;
所述步骤 (2) 中的扩张蛋白溶液制备方法如下:
将大豆或黄瓜种子经 0.05〜0.15 wt% HgCl2消毒 4〜6 min,流水冲洗 5〜7 h,然后, 25〜 28 °C暗培养 4〜6天; 剪取幼苗下胚轴顶端 3〜4 cm, 置 -20 °C预冷 0.5 h, 加预冷至 4 °C的 匀浆缓冲液, 匀浆后, 用孔径 70 μιη的尼龙网过滤, 滤渣经匀浆缓冲液洗漆, 然后将滤渣加 入匀浆缓冲液中, 室温静置 l〜3 h, 得静置液; 向静置液中加入提取液, 4 °C下提取 44〜50 h, 过滤, 按 0.3〜0.5 g/mL的添加量向滤液中缓慢添加 (NH4) 2S04, 添加 (N ) 2S04过 程中不断搅拌, 防止(NH4) 2S04局部过饱和, 然后静置 45〜50 h, 4 °C条件下 25000 g离 心 5〜10 min,沉淀用酸性缓冲液复溶, 4 Ό下分子量 3000 Da的透析袋透析,透析液经 20000 g离心 10 min, 取上清液即为制备的扩张蛋白溶液。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(1 ) 中的活化培养条件为: 摇床 转速 100〜180 r/min, 温度 25〜30°C, 暗培养活化 3〜5天。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(2) 中的液体发酵培养基, 每升 组分如下:
乳糖 20 g,蔗糖 20 g,黄豆粉 25 g,蛋白胨 2 g,酵母浸膏 1 g,MgS04'7H20 0.5 g, KH2P04 0.5 g, 水定容至 lOOO mL, pH 6.0。
4、如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(2)中, 扩张蛋白的浓度为 0.5〜 2.0mg/mL o
5、如权利要求 4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,扩张蛋白的浓度为 0.75~ 1.75mg/mL。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 (2) 中, 扩张蛋白的浓度为 1.5
7、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述扩张蛋白溶液制备方法中, 所述匀浆 缓冲液组分为: 25 mmol/L 4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸, 1.5 mmol/LNa2S205, 2 mmol/L EDTA, 0.1 wt% Triton X- 100, pH 7.0; 所述提取液组分为: 15 mmol/L 4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸, 1.0 mmol/L 乙二胺四乙酸, 1.5 mmol/L Na2S205, 0.5 mol/L NaCl, pH 6.0; 所述酸性缓冲液配制是: 将 2.05 g醋酸钠溶于水中, 用冰醋酸调节 pH至 4.0, 水定容至 1 L。
8、如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤(2)中所述的分离方法为: 4 'C 15000 r/min条件下离心分离 10 min。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(3 ) 中灵芝菌丝体中提取黄酮类 成分的方法按如下步骤如下:
将步骤(2)制得的灵芝菌丝体 65 'C烘干, 研成粉末, 加入 70〜80 %乙醇, 60〜70 °C、 40 kHz功率 200 W条件下, 超声提取 3〜5 h, 过滤, 取滤液, 滤渣重复上述超声提取、 过 滤步骤 2〜3次, 合并滤液, 即得黄酮类成分。
PCT/CN2013/000394 2012-04-16 2013-04-07 一种提高灵芝菌丝体中总黄酮产量的方法 WO2013155868A1 (zh)

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