WO2013155833A1 - 一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法 - Google Patents

一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013155833A1
WO2013155833A1 PCT/CN2012/083952 CN2012083952W WO2013155833A1 WO 2013155833 A1 WO2013155833 A1 WO 2013155833A1 CN 2012083952 W CN2012083952 W CN 2012083952W WO 2013155833 A1 WO2013155833 A1 WO 2013155833A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plastering
mortar
wall surface
saw blade
construction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/083952
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李少强
曾晓镇
庞惠元
Original Assignee
深圳广田装饰集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳广田装饰集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳广田装饰集团股份有限公司
Priority to US14/395,792 priority Critical patent/US9255413B2/en
Publication of WO2013155833A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013155833A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
    • E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
    • E04F13/045—Means for fastening plaster-bases to a supporting structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F21/02—Implements for finishing work on buildings for applying plasticised masses to surfaces, e.g. plastering walls
    • E04F21/04—Patterns or templates; Jointing rulers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
    • E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
    • E04F13/047—Plaster carrying meshes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F21/02—Implements for finishing work on buildings for applying plasticised masses to surfaces, e.g. plastering walls
    • E04F21/06—Implements for applying plaster, insulating material, or the like
    • E04F21/08—Mechanical implements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F21/02—Implements for finishing work on buildings for applying plasticised masses to surfaces, e.g. plastering walls
    • E04F21/16—Implements for after-treatment of plaster or the like before it has hardened or dried, e.g. smoothing-tools, profile trowels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an interior wall plastering construction method for architectural decoration.
  • the plastering construction process of the existing building decoration engineering is generally: base treatment; hanging vertical, looking for a book
  • the traditional wall blasting method has higher technical requirements for the plastering workers.
  • the unskilled work industry not only affects the speed of the plastering cake, but also the precision of the ribbing is difficult to guarantee, and then the flatness of the wall surface is improved.
  • the level is not easy to meet the requirements of the specification, and the perception of the wall is not ideal. More importantly, the squeezing process cannot be matched with the mechanized construction, and it is difficult to achieve the requirement of greatly improving the construction efficiency;
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a plastering construction method for improving the efficiency of plastering construction, ensuring construction quality, and escaping the technical level of the construction personnel, and further can be combined with mechanized construction.
  • the present invention provides a construction decoration plastering construction method, which comprises the following steps:
  • the step (2) blasting means according to the required plastering height, the construction positioning and laying line is arranged, and the blasting template is installed longitudinally along the wall surface treated by the base layer of the step (1) according to the height of the discharging line,
  • the lateral spacing between adjacent stencil templates is from 1.3 meters to 1.8 meters;
  • the step (4) of grinding the wall means: the step (3) the plastered wall is allowed to stand for 12 hours to 24 hours until the plaster on the wall is semi-dry and hardened. In the state, the saw blade is grounded with the serrations against the mortar along the adjacent two of the stencil templates.
  • the step (1) of the base layer treatment means cleaning the wall surface and waiting for it to dry; brushing the surface mortar on the wall surface; tightening the glass fiber mesh cloth after the initial surface of the plastering mortar is applied to the plastering mortar The glass fiber mesh cloth is pressed into the surface of the plastering mortar until the contour is slightly seen; the surface mortar is brushed on the glass fiber mesh cloth to completely cover it; the mortar to be plastered is hardened.
  • plastering refers to mechanical spraying, and the process is as follows: watering the wall finished with the blasting; spraying the plastering mortar to the wall with a mortar sprayer until covering the stencil template, micro See the outline of the outer edge of the stencil template; use the ordinary ruler to stick the stencil template to scrape; manually repair the flat to reserve the hole or reserve the position.
  • the stencil template of the step (2) is composed of a base connectable to the wall surface, an rib plate and a connecting rod connecting the base and the rib plate; the base has a connecting rod for inserting the connecting rod perpendicular to the base
  • the mounting through hole, the side surface of the blasting plate adjacent to the wall surface is provided with a card slot which can vertically insert the other end of the connecting rod, and the same rib plate connects at least two of the connecting rod and the two The base.
  • the stencil template installation process is as follows: the base is glued with glue every 50 cm along the longitudinal direction of the wall; one end of the connecting rod is inserted into the mounting through hole, and the connecting rod of the corresponding length is cut according to the height of the line. Align the card slot with the other end of the connecting rod.
  • the base is integrally formed by a small round cake and a large round cake which can be connected to the wall surface, the mounting through hole is coaxial with the big round cake and the small round cake; the mounting through hole is close to the end of the rib plate a card foot protruding toward the inner side;
  • the large round cake uniformly distributes the four auxiliary through holes in a circumferential direction, and the burr plate is integrally formed by a folded plate symmetrically bent along a longitudinal direction, and the card slot is integrally formed, and the card slot is disposed on the folded plate
  • the corners of the corners extend in the longitudinal direction and extend in the longitudinal direction; a plurality of through holes distributed along the length direction are respectively disposed on both sides of the folded plate.
  • a plurality of annular indentations which are closed perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod are uniformly distributed on the connecting rod in the longitudinal direction.
  • the saw blade spacer of the step (4) includes a saw blade having serrations along the length direction and a clamping portion connected to the saw blade.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the clamping portion is approximately an isosceles triangle, and the top corner thereof is opened as two clamping plates for clamping the saw blade, the clamping plate and the saw blade are fastened by bolts, the clamping portion and the saw blade
  • the length is adapted.
  • the length of the saw blade is 1.7 meters to 2.3 meters, and the distance between the saw teeth and the end portion of the splint is The distance from the clamping portion is 40 mm to 60 mm; the width of the end portion of the clamping portion away from the saw blade is 2 cm.
  • the embossing device used for the embossing operation of the architectural decorative plastering construction method of the invention is convenient to install and use, and has low technical requirements for the construction personnel, and at the same time ensures the verticality and flatness of the wall surface, and escapes the dependence on the technical experience of the constructor.
  • the blasting device does not need to be taken out, and can be left in the wall surface, thereby eliminating the repair of the original position, saving the process and improving the efficiency; the blasting device can be combined with the mechanical spraying operation to improve the plastering efficiency;
  • the mechanical spraying the artificial plastering is not used, but the plastering mortar is allowed to stand for 12 hours to 24 hours until the plastering mortar is semi-dry and tightly hardened, and the natural solidification of the mortar is used to solve the hollow drum problem.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a stencil template used in the ribbing step of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a left side elevational view of the stencil template used in the ribbing step of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a top cross-sectional view showing the stencil template used in the ribbing step of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the saw blade of the present invention for sanding the wall.
  • Figure 5 is a left side elevational view of the saw blade used to sharpen the wall surface of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a bottom plan view of the saw blade for grinding the wall surface of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a construction plastering construction method of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart showing the construction method of the architectural decorative plaster of the present invention.
  • the invention comprises the following processes: base layer treatment; blasting; mechanical shotcreting; sanding the wall surface.
  • the anti-cracking steel wire mesh was fixed by nails. After the mortar was applied, the nails were covered, and the nails and the steel mesh left on the wall were easily rusted, which would cause damage to the wall surface to varying degrees;
  • the invention solves the problem of nail rusting of the fixed steel mesh, and the invention provides a method for more reliably ensuring the safe, reliable, durable, heat-insulating mortar of the plastering construction wall, and rejecting the traditional nail fixing steel mesh. This not only solves the problem of rusting of the nail, but also ensures the function of preventing cracking of the wall.
  • the base layer treatment process is as follows: (1) cleaning the wall surface and waiting for it to dry; (2) brushing the surface mortar on the wall surface; (3) tightening the fiberglass mesh cloth when the plastering mortar is initially set Adhering to the plastering mortar, pressing the glass fiber mesh into the surface of the plastering mortar until the contour is slightly seen; (4) brushing the surface mortar on the glass fiber mesh cloth to completely cover it; (5) waiting The plaster is hardened.
  • the glass fiber mesh cloth has good chemical stability, alkali resistance, acid resistance, water resistance and cement corrosion resistance; good physical properties, high strength, high modulus, light weight; good dimensional stability, stiffness, flatness, and low shrinkage deformation Good positioning; insulation, insulation, crack resistance, the mesh size is 5mmx5mm, and the length of a single mesh should not exceed 6m.
  • the overlap width is at least 10 cm.
  • 1 to 3 are the punching stencils used for the ribs, which are composed of a base 10 which can be fixed on the wall surface, an blasting plate 30, and a connecting rod 20 connecting the base 10 and the slab 30, the same
  • the slab 30 is connected to at least two of the connecting rods 20 and the two bases 10.
  • the base 10, the ribs 30 and the connecting rods 20 are preferably integrally formed of recycled plastic, which is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Made of other materials.
  • the base 10 has a mounting through hole 11 for allowing the connecting rod 20 to be inserted perpendicularly to the base 10.
  • the base 10 consists of a small round cake 18 and an accessible wall.
  • the surface-connected wafer 11 is integrally formed coaxially, and the through hole 11 is coaxial with the large round cake 17 and the small round cake 18.
  • the through hole 11 is adjacent to the end of the rib plate 30 and has a card foot 12 protruding inward. As shown in FIG. 3, the leg 12 is used to fix the connecting rod 20 such that the connecting rod 20 is perpendicular to the base 10.
  • the large round cake has a diameter of 60 mm and a height of 1 mm to 2 mm, and the small round cake has a diameter of 9 mm and a height of 3 mm.
  • the base 10 is attached to the wall surface, and the big round cake 17 is connected to the wall surface. Due to the different wall conditions, in order to make the base 10 stick to the wall surface more firmly, the big round cake 17 is provided with at least one auxiliary.
  • the through hole 13 has a circular shape and may have other shapes. It is preferable to uniformly distribute a plurality of auxiliary through holes 13 in the circumferential direction, as shown in FIG.
  • the slab 30 is used to position the plaster height, and the side near the wall is provided with a card slot 33 for vertically inserting the connecting rod 20.
  • the squeezing plate 30 is integrally formed by a folded plate 31 and a card slot 33 which are symmetrically bent in the longitudinal direction, and the angle of the bending is 90° or 60°, and the card slot 33 is provided in the concave corner of the corner of the folding plate 31. And extend along the length.
  • the two sides of the flap 31 are respectively provided with a plurality of through holes 32 uniformly distributed along the longitudinal direction, and the shapes thereof are in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the mortar can be filled between the card slot 33 and the flap 31 through the through hole 32.
  • the end faces of the flaps 31 on both sides of the base 10 are located at the ends of the openings of the card slots 33. same plane.
  • the flaps 31 have a thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm and a width of 1 cm to 2 cm on each side.
  • the connecting rod 20 is evenly distributed along the longitudinal direction with a plurality of annular indentations 21 which are closed perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod 20.
  • the connecting rod 20-end is vertically inserted into the mounting base 10 In the hole 11, the leg 12 holds the indentation 21 on the connecting rod 20 to fix it; the other end is vertically inserted into the engaging groove 33 of the punching plate 30, and the engaging groove 33 holds the indentation 21 thereon.
  • the length of the connecting rod 20 during the boring operation can be cut according to the thickness of the plaster.
  • the process of smashing is as follows: According to the required plaster height, the construction positioning and laying line is performed, and the base 10 is pasted with glue every 50 cm in the longitudinal direction of the surface treated with the mortar; the one end of the connecting rod 20 is inserted into the installation.
  • the through hole 11 cuts the connecting rod 20 of the corresponding length according to the height of the payout line, presses the card slot 33 to the other end of the connecting rod 20, and installs an embossing template every 1.3 m to 1.8 m in the lateral direction.
  • the embossing operation of the invention has lower technical requirements for workers, simple structure and convenient installation, and the entire blasting operation is completed independently by the embossing stencil, and no additional tools or mortar materials are needed, and the installation is also very convenient and quick. Since the stencil templates are close to each other, the plastering height is easy to adjust and uniform, and the construction efficiency is improved. There is no need to worry about the skill or collision of the workers, which will affect the graying height of the gray cake and the deformation of the ribs.
  • the base, connecting rod and blasting plate are all formed from recycled plastic. It is environmentally friendly and cost-effective, pollution-free, pollution-free, and has the public welfare effect of "green building".
  • the plastering After the plastering is completed, it can be buried in the mortar, no need to take out, simplify the process and reduce the construction time. In the past, the plastering can be started 2 hours after the completion of the blasting. After the blasting of the invention is completed, the plastering can be carried out to improve the construction speed.
  • the next step is to smear one by one.
  • the plastering can be done by manual plastering or mechanical spraying. In this embodiment, mechanical spraying is used.
  • the process of mechanical shotcreting is as follows: watering the wall of the blasting; plastering with a mortar sprayer The mortar is sprayed onto the wall until it covers the outline of the stencil and the outline of the stencil of the stencil; the stencil is scraped with an ordinary ruler; the hole is reserved or reserved by manual repair, such as a distribution box , slots, boxes, etc.
  • the mortar spray machine used for mechanical spray coating is TURBOSOL POLITo.
  • the mortar can be directly sprayed on the wall surface which has been subjected to the base layer treatment through the mortar spray machine, the transfer pipe and the spray head.
  • the thickness of the shotcrete is preferably to cover the embossing stencil and the outline of the outer edge of the stencil. Use ordinary ruler to stick the stencil template and scrape it again. The excess material can be recycled.
  • the vacant wall can be manually filled or mechanically repeated. Repeat the above steps to ensure that the mortar is fully sprayed.
  • the mortar has the best effect. vacancy.
  • the mechanical spray efficiency is greatly improved, and it can adapt to large-area construction, reducing the number of construction personnel and saving labor costs.
  • the present invention eliminates the manual smearing procedure of the plastering operation, which increases the grinding wall steps.
  • the plastering mortar is in a state of initial setting, and the plasticity is strong.
  • the interior of the mortar is pressed and squeezed, causing the water to ooze out, just because the inside The water in contact with the wall bricks is lost, so the water in the mortar is absorbed prematurely, causing the hollowing of the mortar to appear "empty drum", which causes wall cracking and mortar falling off.
  • the present invention allows the plastering mortar to stand for 12 hours to 24 hours until the plastering mortar is in a semi-dry, tightly hardened state, utilizing the natural solidification of the mortar to solve the hollowing problem, and then grinding it with a saw blade.
  • the saw blade has a larger grinding area by a ruler, is suitable for large-area construction, is easy to operate, has low technical requirements for construction personnel, requires less construction workers, and is more avoidable. Whether it is manual plastering or mechanical shotcreting, it can be polished.
  • 4 to 6 are structural views of a blade spacer for wall grinding, which includes a saw blade 300, a clamping portion 200 for clamping the saw blade 300, and fastening the saw blade 300 and the clamping portion 200.
  • the saw blade 300 has a length of 1.7 meters to 2.3 meters, and in the present embodiment, the length is preferably 2 meters, so as to be used with a stencil template having a pitch of 1.3 meters to 1.8 meters, and the saw blade 300 has a width of 0.1 meters to 0.2 meters. The thickness is 1 mm.
  • a gripping portion 200 is attached to the other side of the saw blade 300 opposite the serrations and is disposed along the length, and the length of the gripping portion 200 is preferably adapted to the saw blade 300.
  • the clamping portion 200 is an aluminum alloy plate having a cross-sectional shape resembling an isosceles triangle, and its top corner is flared into two pieces of the clamping plate 210 for holding the saw blade 300.
  • the bottom edge, that is, the end of the gripping portion 200 away from the saw blade 300, has a width of 2 cm to facilitate the grip of the worker.
  • the saw blade 300 has a saw tooth distance of 30 mm to 70 mm from the end of the cleat 210, and the saw blade 300 is sandwiched by the splint 210 to have a width of 40 mm to 60 mm.
  • the saw blade 300 has a width of 0.1 m
  • the saw blade 300 has a saw tooth distance of 50 mm from the end portion of the cleat 210
  • the saw blade 300 has a width of 50 mm.
  • At least two bolts 100 fasten the clamping plate 210 and the saw blade 300 to clamp the saw blade 300, as shown in FIG.
  • the process of sanding the wall surface is as follows: After the mechanical spraying is completed, the plastering mortar is allowed to stand for 12 hours to 24 hours, and the mortar is dried to a semi-dry tightly hardened state, and the construction personnel hold the clamping portion 200, and the sawtooth is attached to the wiper. Gray mortar, saw blade 300 and the wall surface inclined at 30 ° ⁇ 60 °, along the two adjacent ribs Cracks and watermarks.

Abstract

一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法，包括以下步骤：（1）基层处理；（2）根据所需抹灰高度，进行施工定位放线，根据放线高度沿步骤（1）基层处理过的墙面纵向安装冲筋模板，相邻冲筋模板之间的横向间隔为1.3米至1.8米；（3）抹灰；（4）抹灰后的墙面静置12小时至24小时，直至墙面上的抹灰砂浆呈半干紧密的硬化状态，用锯片靠尺以其锯齿贴着砂浆顺着相邻的两个冲筋模板打磨至平整。该方法可提高施工效率、保证施工质量。

Description

一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法
技术领域 本发明涉及建筑装饰的内墙抹灰施工方法。
背景技术 说 现有建筑装饰工程的抹灰施工流程一般是： 基层处理； 吊垂直， 找规 书
矩， 放线， 抹灰饼， 墙面冲筋； 人工抹灰， 修补预留孔洞、 电箱槽、 盒等， 收刮抹平； 回收废料。 采用原有的施工工艺存在以下弊端：
( 1 )传统的墙面冲筋方法对抹灰工人技术要求较高， 非熟练工作业时 不仅会影响抹灰饼的速度， 而且冲筋的精准度也难以保证， 继而使墙面的 平整度、 水平度不易达到规范要求， 墙体的观感度也不够理想， 更重要的 是， 该冲筋过程无法与机械化施工进行匹配， 难以达到大幅提高施工效率 的要求；
( 2 )人工抹灰或机械喷浆后， 进行墙面磨平， 抹平过程中， 由于木抹 子的旋转打磨， 使砂浆内部触碰挤压， 导致水份往外渗出， 正因为跟内墙 砖体接触的水份流失， 所以会过早吸收砂浆中的水份， 导致砂浆收缩出现
"空鼓" ， 从而出现墙面开裂， 砂浆脱落等现象； 且需要大量的技术人 员， 施工耗时较长， 影响工程进度， 施工过程繁琐复杂， 影响施工效率。
发明内容 本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种提高抹灰施工效率、 保证施工质 量、 摆脱对施工人员技术水平的依赖的抹灰施工方法， 进一歩的可以配合 机械化施工。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 包括 以下歩骤：
( 1 ) 基层处理；
(2) 冲筋；
(3 ) 抹灰；
(4) 打磨墙面；
所述歩骤（2)冲筋是指： 根据所需抹灰高度， 进行施工定位放线， 根 据放线高度沿所述歩骤（1 )基层处理过的墙面纵向安装冲筋模板， 相邻冲 筋模板之间的横向间隔为 1.3米至 1.8米；
所述歩骤 （4 ) 打磨墙面是指： 所述歩骤 （3 ) 抹灰后的墙面静置 12 小时至 24小时，直至所述墙面上的抹灰砂浆呈半干紧密的硬化状态，用锯 片靠尺以其锯齿贴着所述砂浆顺着相邻的两个所述冲筋模板打磨至平整。
所述歩骤（1 )基层处理是指： 清洁墙面并待其干燥； 在所述墙面上刷 上抹面砂浆；在抹面砂浆初凝时将玻璃纤维网格布绷紧后贴于抹面砂浆上， 将所述玻璃纤维网格布压入所述抹面砂浆表层直至微见其轮廓； 在玻璃纤 维网格布上刷抹面砂浆至将其完全覆盖； 待抹面砂浆硬化。
所述歩骤（3 )抹灰是指机械喷浆，过程如下： 向冲筋完成的墙面洒水； 用砂浆喷浆机将抹灰砂浆喷向所述墙面， 直至覆盖冲筋模板、 微见冲筋模 板外沿轮廓； 用普通靠尺贴着冲筋模板收刮； 人工修补平整预留孔洞或预 留位置。 所述歩骤 （2) 的冲筋模板由可与墙面连接的底座、 冲筋板和连接所述 底座与冲筋板的连接杆构成； 所述底座有一个能让连接杆垂直于底座插入 的安装通孔， 所述冲筋板靠近墙面的那一侧面上沿长度方向设有能使连接 杆的另一端垂直插入的卡槽， 同一冲筋板至少连接两个所述连接杆和两个 所述底座。
所述冲筋模板安装过程如下：沿所述墙面纵向每隔 50厘米用胶水粘贴 所述底座； 所述连接杆一端插入所述安装通孔， 根据放线高度剪取相应长 度的连接杆， 将所述卡槽对准连接杆另一端按下。
所述底座由一个小圆饼和一个可与墙面连接的大圆饼同轴一体成型， 所述安装通孔与所述大圆饼和小圆饼同轴； 所述安装通孔靠近冲筋板端有 向内侧突起的卡脚；
所述大圆饼沿周向均匀分布 4个所述辅助通孔， 所述冲筋板由沿长度 方向对称折弯的折板和所述卡槽一体成型， 所述卡槽设于所述折板的转角 内凹面处并沿长度方向延伸； 所述折板两侧分别设有沿长度方向分布的多 个通孔。
所述连接杆上沿长度方向均匀分布有垂直于连接杆长度方向、 闭合的 多个环状凹痕。
所述歩骤 （4) 的锯片靠尺包括沿长度方向设有锯齿的锯片及与所述锯 片相连的夹持部。
所述夹持部的横截面形状近似为等腰三角形， 其顶角处张开为两片夹 持锯片的夹板， 所述夹板和锯片以螺栓紧固， 所述夹持部与锯片长度相适 配。
所述锯片的长度为 1.7米至 2.3米， 所述锯齿距离夹板邻近端端部的距 离为 30毫米至 70毫米； 所述锯片被夹持部分的宽度为 40毫米至 60毫米; 所述夹持部远离锯片的端面宽度为 2厘米。
本发明的建筑装饰抹灰施工方法的冲筋作业所用的冲筋装置安装、 使 用方便， 对施工人员技术要求不高， 同时保证墙面垂直度和平整度， 摆脱 对施工者的技术经验的依赖， 冲筋完成后冲筋装置不需取出， 留在墙面中 即可， 免除对原来位置的修补， 节省工序， 提高效率； 该冲筋装置可配合 机械喷浆作业， 提高了抹灰效率； 机械喷浆后不采用以往的人工抹平， 而 是让抹灰砂浆静置 12小时至 24小时， 直至抹灰砂浆呈半干紧密的硬化状 态， 利用砂浆的自然凝固， 解决空鼓问题， 再用锯片靠尺进行打磨。 与人 工抹平相比， 锯片靠尺打磨面积更大， 适应大面积施工， 操作简便， 对施 工人员技术要求不高， 对施工人员数量要求更少。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式， 对本实用新型作进一歩地详细说明：
图 1为本发明冲筋歩骤所用冲筋模板的主视图。
图 2为本发明冲筋歩骤所用冲筋模板的左视图。
图 3为本发明冲筋歩骤所用冲筋模板的俯视剖视示意图。
图 4为本发明打磨墙面歩骤所用锯片靠尺的主视图。
图 5为本发明打磨墙面歩骤所用锯片靠尺的左视图。
图 6为本发明打磨墙面歩骤所用锯片靠尺的仰视图。
图 7为本发明建筑装饰抹灰施工方法流程示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明用到新设计的工具——冲筋模板和锯片靠尺， 使用冲筋模板能 提高冲筋效率， 降低对施工人员的技术水平要求； 用锯片靠尺打磨墙面， 能有效解决空鼓问题， 使用简便快捷， 降低了对施工人员技术要求以及数 量要求， 对节省人力成本、 时间成本有重大意义。 图 7所示为本发明建筑 装饰抹灰施工方法流程示意图。
本发明包括以下流程： 基层处理； 冲筋； 机械喷浆； 打磨墙面。
以往基层处理时， 防开裂的钢丝网固定是用钉子固定的， 抹上砂浆后 将钉子覆盖， 留在墙面上的钉子以及钢丝网都易生锈， 会造成墙面不同程 度的损坏； 为解决固定钢丝网的钉子生锈问题， 本发明提供了一种更能保 证抹灰施工墙面安全可靠、 耐用、 保温防水的砂浆贴压网格布的方法， 摒 弃了传统的钉子固定钢丝网。 这既解决了钉子生锈的问题， 又保证了墙面 防开裂的功能。
所述基层处理过程如下： （1 ) 清洁墙面并待其干燥； （2 ) 在所述墙面 上刷上抹面砂浆； （3 ) 在抹面砂浆初凝时将玻璃纤维网格布绷紧后贴于抹 面砂浆上，将所述玻璃纤维网格布压入所述抹面砂浆表层直至微见其轮廓； (4)在玻璃纤维网格布上刷抹面砂浆至将其完全覆盖； （5 )待抹面砂浆硬 化。
所述玻璃纤维网格布化学稳定性好， 抗碱、 耐酸、 耐水、 耐水泥浸蚀； 物理性能好， 高强度、 高模量、 重量轻； 尺寸稳定性好、 硬挺、 平整、 不 易收缩变形、 定位性佳； 保温、 绝缘、 抗裂， 其网眼尺寸为 5mmx5mm， 单张网格布长度不宜大于 6米。铺贴遇有搭接时，搭接宽度至少为 10厘米。 歩骤（3 )中将所述玻璃纤维网格布压入抹面砂浆时， 用抹子从中间向四周 把玻璃纤维网格布压入砂浆的表层， 要平整压实， 严禁玻璃纤维网格布皱 褶。 抹面砂浆切忌不停揉搓， 以免形成空鼓。 抹面砂浆硬化后， 即可进行冲筋作业。
如图 1至 3所示为冲筋所用的冲筋模板， 它由可固定在墙面上的底座 10、 冲筋板 30和连接所述底座 10与冲筋板 30的连接杆 20构成， 同一冲 筋板 30至少连接两个所述连接杆 20和两个所述底座 10， 所述底座 10、 冲 筋板 30和连接杆 20均优选为回收塑料一体成型， 节约成本， 环保， 也可 以由其它材料制成。
所述底座 10有一个能让连接杆 20垂直于底座 10插入的安装通孔 11， 为使连接杆 20更牢固地安装于底座 10，所述底座 10由一个小圆饼 18和一 个可与墙面连接的大圆饼 17同轴一体成型， 安装通孔 11与所述大圆饼 17 和小圆饼 18同轴， 安装通孔 11靠近冲筋板 30端有向内侧突起的卡脚 12， 如图 3所示，所述卡脚 12用于固定连接杆 20，使连接杆 20垂直于底座 10。 所述大圆饼的直径为 60毫米、 高度为 1毫米至 2毫米， 小圆饼的直径为 9 毫米、 高度为 3毫米。 冲筋开始时， 将底座 10粘贴在墙面上， 使大圆饼 17 与墙面相连， 由于墙面情况不同， 为使底座 10更牢固地粘贴在墙面上， 大 圆饼 17设有至少一个辅助通孔 13， 其形状为圆形， 也可为其他形状， 优选 沿周向均布多个辅助通孔 13， 图 2中所示为 4个。
所述冲筋板 30用于定位抹灰高度， 其靠近墙面的那一侧面设有能使连 接杆 20垂直插入的卡槽 33。冲筋板 30由沿长度方向对称折弯的折板 31和 卡槽 33—体成型， 折弯的角度为 90° 或 60° 不等， 所述卡槽 33设于折板 31的转角内凹面处并沿长度方向延伸。 为使避免卡槽 33与折板 31之间留 有空隙造成空鼓， 折板 31的两侧分别设有沿长度方向均匀分布的多个通孔 32， 在图 1和图 2中其形状为六边形， 砂浆可通过通孔 32填充卡槽 33与 折板 31之间。 折板 31两侧靠近底座 10的端面与卡槽 33开口的端部位于 同一平面。 所述折板 31厚度为 1毫米至 2毫米， 每侧的宽度为 1厘米至 2 厘米。
所述连接杆 20沿长度方向均匀分布有垂直于所述连接杆 20长度方向、 闭合的多个环状凹痕 21， 如图 3所示， 连接杆 20—端垂直地插入底座 10 的安装通孔 11中， 卡脚 12夹持连接杆 20上的凹痕 21 以将其固定； 另一 端垂直地插入冲筋板 30的卡槽 33中， 所述卡槽 33夹持其上的凹痕 21以 固定。 在冲筋作业时连接杆 20的长度可根据抹灰厚度剪取。
冲筋的过程如下： 根据所需抹灰高度， 进行施工定位放线， 在抹面砂 浆处理过的墙面纵向每隔 50厘米用胶水粘贴所述底座 10; 所述连接杆 20 一端插入所述安装通孔 11，根据放线高度剪取相应长度的连接杆 20，将所 述卡槽 33对准连接杆 20另一端按压，横向每隔 1.3米至 1.8米安装一个冲 筋模板。
本发明的冲筋作业对工人的技术要求较低， 结构简单， 安装方便， 整 个冲筋作业仅由冲筋模板独立完成， 不需要再借助别的工具或砂浆材料， 安装也非常方便快捷。 由于冲筋模板相距较近， 抹灰高度容易调适统一， 施工效率提高。 不需再担心工人的技术或碰撞使灰饼、 冲筋变形走样影响 抹灰高度。 底座、 连接杆以及冲筋板均由回收塑料一体成型， 既环保又节 约成本， 无公害， 无污染， 有 "绿色建筑" 的公益效应。 抹灰完成后埋在 砂浆中即可， 不需取出， 简化流程， 减少施工时间。 以往冲筋完成后 2小 时才能开始抹灰， 本发明冲筋完成后即可进行抹灰， 提高施工速度。
冲筋完成后， 进行下一歩骤一一抹灰。 抹灰可采用人工抹灰， 也可采 用机械喷浆， 本实施例采用的是机械喷浆。
机械喷浆的过程如下： 向冲筋完成的墙面洒水； 用砂浆喷浆机将抹灰 砂浆喷向所述墙面， 直至覆盖冲筋模板、 微见冲筋模板外沿轮廓； 用普通 靠尺贴着冲筋模板收刮； 人工修补平整预留孔洞或预留位置，例如配电箱、 槽、 盒等。
本实施例中机械喷浆所用的砂浆喷浆机型号为 TURBOSOL POLITo 砂 浆通过砂浆喷浆机、 输送管、 喷头可直接喷涂在已进行基层处理的墙面上。 喷浆厚度以覆盖冲筋模板、 微见模板外沿轮廓为宜。 用普通靠尺贴着冲筋 模板收刮一遍， 多余材料可回收， 空缺的墙面可人工填补或机械重复喷涂， 重复以上歩骤以保证砂浆喷涂充分， 砂浆稍有突出效果最佳， 尽量避免空 缺。
人工抹灰需要大量的技术人员， 施工耗时较长， 影响工程进度， 且施 工过程繁琐复杂， 影响施工效率。
与人工抹灰相比， 机械喷浆效率大大提高， 且能适应大面积施工， 降低 对施工人员数量要求， 节省人力成本。
与现有技术不同， 本发明取消了抹灰作业的人工抹平程序， 增加了打 磨墙面歩骤。 由于抹灰完成后， 抹灰砂浆呈初凝状态， 可塑性强， 人工抹 平过程中， 由于木沬子的旋转打磨， 使砂浆内部触碰挤压， 导致水份往外 渗出，正因为跟内墙砖体接触的水份流失，所以会过早吸收砂浆中的水份， 导致砂浆收缩出现 "空鼓"， 从而出现墙面开裂， 砂浆脱落等现象。 为此， 本发明让抹灰砂浆静置 12小时至 24小时， 直至抹灰砂浆呈半干紧密的硬 化状态， 利用砂浆的自然凝固， 解决空鼓问题， 再用锯片靠尺进行打磨。 与人工抹平相比， 锯片靠尺打磨面积更大， 适应大面积施工， 操作简便， 对施工人员技术要求不高， 对施工人员数量要求更少， 更能避免空鼓。 不 论是人工抹灰还是机械喷浆， 均可进行打磨作业。 如图 4至 6所示为墙面打磨用的锯片靠尺的结构图， 它包括锯片 300， 夹持锯片 300的夹持部 200和紧固所述锯片 300与夹持部 200的螺栓 100。 沿锯片 300的长度方向设有锯齿， 该锯齿为通用锯齿。 所述锯片 300长度 为 1.7米至 2.3米， 在本实施例中长度优选为 2米， 以便配合间距为 1.3米 至 1.8米的冲筋模板使用， 锯片 300宽度为 0.1米至 0.2米， 厚度为 1毫米。
为方便施工， 一个夹持部 200连接在锯片 300相对锯齿的另一侧， 并 且沿长度方向设置， 夹持部 200的长度优选与锯片 300相适配。 所述夹持 部 200是横截面形状近似等腰三角形的铝合金板材， 其顶角处张开为两片 夹持锯片 300的夹板 210。其底边， 也就是夹持部 200远离锯片 300的端面 的宽度为 2厘米， 以方便工人紧握。 所述锯片 300的锯齿距离夹板 210端 部的距离为 30毫米至 70毫米， 锯片 300被夹板 210夹持部分的宽度为 40 毫米至 60毫米。 在本实施例中， 锯片 300的宽度为 0.1米， 锯片 300的锯 齿距离夹板 210邻近端端部的距离为 50毫米， 锯片 300被夹持部分的宽度 为 50毫米。
为使锯片 300固定在夹持部 200的夹板 210中， 至少 2个螺栓 100 (配 相应的螺母）紧固所述夹板 210和锯片 300，将锯片 300夹紧，如图 4所示， 所述螺栓 100有两个， 分别设置在夹持部 200两端， 一个靠近锯齿， 一个 远离锯齿， 可实现固定作用。
打磨墙面过程如下： 机械喷浆完成后， 抹灰砂浆静置 12小时至 24小 时， 待抹灰砂浆晾干至半干紧密的硬化状态， 施工人员握着夹持部 200， 锯 齿贴着抹灰砂浆，锯片 300与墙面成 30 ° ~60 ° 倾斜，顺着相邻的两根冲筋 裂纹和水印。

Claims

权利 要求 书
1、 一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 其特征在于， 包括以下歩骤：
( 1 ) 基层处理；
(2) 冲筋；
(3 ) 抹灰；
(4) 打磨墙面；
所述歩骤（2)冲筋是指： 根据所需抹灰高度， 进行施工定位放线， 根 据放线高度沿所述歩骤（1 )基层处理过的墙面纵向安装冲筋模板， 相邻冲 筋模板之间的横向间隔为 1.3米至 1.8米；
所述歩骤（4)打磨墙面是指： 所述歩骤 （3 )抹灰后的墙面静置 12小 时至 24小时， 直至所述墙面上的抹灰砂浆呈半干紧密的硬化状态， 用锯片 靠尺以其锯齿贴着所述砂浆顺着相邻的两个所述冲筋模板打磨至平整。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 其特征在于： 所述歩骤（1 )基层处理是指： 清洁墙面并待其干燥； 在所述墙面上刷上抹 面砂浆； 在抹面砂浆初凝时将玻璃纤维网格布绷紧后贴于抹面砂浆上， 将 所述玻璃纤维网格布压入所述抹面砂浆表层直至微见其轮廓； 在玻璃纤维 网格布上刷抹面砂浆至将其完全覆盖； 待抹面砂浆硬化。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 其特征在于： 所述歩骤（3 )抹灰是指机械喷浆， 过程如下： 向冲筋完成的墙面洒水； 用 砂浆喷浆机将抹灰砂浆喷向所述墙面， 直至覆盖冲筋模板、 微见冲筋模板 外沿轮廓； 用普通靠尺贴着冲筋模板收刮； 人工修补平整预留孔洞或预留 位置。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 其特征在于： 所述歩骤 （2) 的冲筋模板由可与墙面连接的底座 （10) 、 冲筋板 （30) 和 连接所述底座 （10) 与冲筋板 （30) 的连接杆 （20) 构成； 所述底座 （10) 有一个能让连接杆 （20) 垂直于底座 （10) 插入的安装通孔 （11) ， 所述 冲筋板 （30) 靠近墙面的那一侧面上沿长度方向设有能使连接杆 （20) 的 另一端垂直插入的卡槽 （33) ， 同一冲筋板 （30) 至少连接两个所述连接 杆 （20) 和两个所述底座 （10) 。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 其特征在于： 所述冲筋模板安装过程如下：沿所述墙面纵向每隔 50厘米用胶水粘贴所述 底座 （10); 所述连接杆 （20) —端插入所述安装通孔 （11)， 根据放线高 度剪取相应长度的连接杆（20)， 将所述卡槽（33)对准连接杆（20) 另一 端按下。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 其特征在于： 所述底座 （10) 由一个小圆饼 （18) 和一个可与墙面连接的大圆饼 （17) 同轴一体成型， 所述安装通孔 （11) 与所述大圆饼 （17) 和小圆饼 （18) 同轴； 所述安装通孔（11)靠近冲筋板（30)端有向内侧突起的卡脚（12)； 所述大圆饼 （17) 沿周向均匀分布 4个所述辅助通孔 （13) ， 所述冲筋板
(30) 由沿长度方向对称折弯的折板 （31) 和所述卡槽 （33) —体成型， 所述卡槽 （33) 设于所述折板 （31) 的转角内凹面处并沿长度方向延伸； 所述折板 （31) 两侧分别设有沿长度方向分布的多个通孔 （32) 。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 其特征在于， 所述连接杆 （20) 上沿长度方向均匀分布有垂直于连接杆 （20) 长度方向、 闭合的多个环状凹痕 （21 ) 。
8、根据权利要求 1-7所述的一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 其特征在于: 所述歩骤 （4 ) 的锯片靠尺包括沿长度方向设有锯齿的锯片 （300 ) 及与所 述锯片 （300) 相连的夹持部 （200)。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 其特征在于： 所述夹持部 （200 ) 的横截面形状近似为等腰三角形， 其顶角处张开为两片 夹持锯片（300)的夹板（210)，所述夹板（210)和锯片（300 )以螺栓（100 ) 紧固， 所述夹持部 （200 ) 与锯片 （300 ) 长度相适配。
10、 根据权利要求 7所述的一种建筑装饰抹灰施工方法， 其特征在于: 所述锯片 （300) 的长度为 1.7米至 2.3米， 所述锯齿距离夹板 （210) 邻近 端端部的距离为 30毫米至 70毫米； 所述锯片 （300) 被夹持部分的宽度为 40毫米至 60毫米； 所述夹持部（200) 远离锯片 （300 ) 的端面宽度为 2厘 米。
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