WO2013145006A1 - 空気調和装置 - Google Patents
空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013145006A1 WO2013145006A1 PCT/JP2012/002173 JP2012002173W WO2013145006A1 WO 2013145006 A1 WO2013145006 A1 WO 2013145006A1 JP 2012002173 W JP2012002173 W JP 2012002173W WO 2013145006 A1 WO2013145006 A1 WO 2013145006A1
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- heat transfer
- heat
- heat exchanger
- refrigerant
- air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
- F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
- F28D1/0443—Combination of units extending one beside or one above the other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/006—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for two pipes connecting the outdoor side to the indoor side with multiple indoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0231—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units with simultaneous cooling and heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/025—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units
- F25B2313/0253—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units in parallel arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/029—Control issues
- F25B2313/0294—Control issues related to the outdoor fan, e.g. controlling speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/23—Separators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/09—Improving heat transfers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner including a refrigerant circuit for circulating a refrigerant.
- the heat exchanger has a divided structure having a plurality of heat exchangers inside, and each heat exchanger is configured by a circuit to which a connection pipe provided with an electromagnetic valve is connected.
- each heat exchanger is configured by a circuit to which a connection pipe provided with an electromagnetic valve is connected.
- Patent Document 1 controls the heat transfer area that changes the refrigerant inflow pattern into the divided heat exchangers and the heat transfer coefficient outside the heat transfer tube by controlling the air volume of the fan.
- the amount of heat exchange in the exchanger is controlled.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger decreases, the amount of change in the heat exchange amount is reduced in the control of the heat transfer coefficient outside the heat transfer tube by controlling the air volume of the fan, and the heat exchange division pattern is changed.
- the heat exchange amount changes. For this reason, there existed a problem that it could not be set as the desired heat exchange amount.
- the heat exchange amount is controlled by changing the refrigerant flow path inside the heat exchanger by the flow rate varying means and changing the heat transfer area in the heat transfer tube stepwise.
- the method of changing only the heat transfer area in the heat transfer tube requires a lot of variable means when continuous heat exchange control is required, which is costly and the heat exchanger has a complicated shape. There was a problem that.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides an air conditioner capable of setting a heat exchange amount of a heat exchanger to a desired heat exchange amount.
- an air conditioner capable of setting a heat exchange amount of a heat exchanger to a desired heat exchange amount.
- An air conditioner includes at least a compressor, a throttle unit, and a heat exchanger, and includes a refrigerant circuit that circulates a refrigerant, and a control unit that controls a heat exchange amount of the heat exchanger,
- the heat exchanger adjusts the heat transfer coefficient ( ⁇ i) outside the heat transfer tube through which the refrigerant flows, and the heat transfer coefficient ( ⁇ i) inside the heat transfer tube through which the refrigerant flows.
- the present invention controls the heat transfer rate ( ⁇ o) on the outside of the heat transfer tube, the heat transfer rate ( ⁇ i) on the inside of the heat transfer tube, and the heat transfer area (A), thereby reducing the heat exchange amount of the heat exchanger to a desired heat amount.
- the amount can be exchanged.
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration during a cooling main operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a refrigerant circuit diagram which shows the refrigerant circuit structure at the time of heating main operation
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the structure of the outdoor heat exchanger which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the change of the heat exchanger processing capacity which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing when adjusting the heat exchange amount according to the first embodiment. It is a figure explaining the structure of the outdoor heat exchanger which performs flow control using a solenoid valve.
- FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration during cooling-main operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- This air conditioner is installed in a building, a condominium or the like, and can supply a cooling load and a heating load simultaneously by using a refrigeration cycle (heat pump cycle) for circulating a refrigerant (air conditioning refrigerant).
- FIG. 1 demonstrates the cooling main driving
- the relationship of the size of each component may be different from the actual one.
- the air conditioning refrigeration cycle 1 includes a heat source unit A, a cooling indoor unit B in charge of a cooling load, a heating indoor unit C in charge of a heating load, and a relay unit D.
- the cooling indoor unit B and the heating indoor unit C are connected and mounted in parallel to the heat source unit A.
- the relay machine D installed between the heat source unit A, the cooling indoor unit B, and the heating indoor unit C switches the flow of the refrigerant so that the functions as the cooling indoor unit B and the heating indoor unit C are exhibited. It is like that.
- the control device 2 performs overall control of the operation of the air-conditioning refrigeration cycle 1.
- the heat source machine A is configured by connecting an air conditioning compressor 101, a four-way valve 102 as a flow path switching unit, an outdoor heat exchanger 103, and an accumulator 104 in series by a connection pipe 119.
- the heat source unit A has a function of supplying cold heat to the cooling indoor unit B and the heating indoor unit C.
- a blower such as a fan for supplying air (heat medium) to the outdoor heat exchanger 103 may be provided in the vicinity of the outdoor heat exchanger 103.
- the high-pressure side connection pipe 106 and the low-pressure side connection pipe 107 are opposite to the first connection pipe 130 that connects the upstream side of the check valve 105a and the upstream side of the check valve 105b, and the downstream side of the check valve 105a.
- the second connection pipe 131 is connected to the downstream side of the stop valve 105b. That is, the connection part a between the high-pressure side connection pipe 106 and the first connection pipe 130 is upstream of the connection part b between the high-pressure side connection pipe 106 and the second connection pipe 131 across the check valve 105a. Yes.
- the connection portion c between the low pressure side connection pipe 107 and the first connection pipe 130 is upstream of the connection portion d between the low pressure side connection pipe 107 and the second connection pipe 131 with the check valve 105b interposed therebetween.
- the first connection pipe 130 is provided with a check valve 105 c that allows the air-conditioning refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the low-pressure side connection pipe 107 to the high-pressure side connection pipe 106.
- the second connection pipe 131 is provided with a check valve 105 d that allows the air-conditioning refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the low-pressure side connection pipe 107 to the high-pressure side connection pipe 106.
- the check valve 105a and the check valve 105b are in an open state (shown in black), the check valve 105c and the check valve 105d. Is in a closed state (shown in white).
- the air-conditioning compressor 101 sucks air-conditioning refrigerant and compresses the air-conditioning refrigerant to a high temperature and high pressure state.
- the four-way valve 102 switches the flow of the air conditioning refrigerant.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 103 functions as an evaporator or a radiator (condenser), performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower (not shown) and the air conditioning refrigerant, and converts the air conditioning refrigerant into evaporated gas or Condensed liquid.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is configured by, for example, a cross fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger including heat transfer tubes and a large number of fins.
- the accumulator 104 is disposed between the four-way valve 102 and the air conditioning compressor 101, and stores excess air conditioning refrigerant.
- the accumulator 104 may be any container that can store excess air-conditioning refrigerant.
- the cooling indoor unit B and the heating indoor unit C are mounted with an air conditioning throttle means 117 and an indoor heat exchanger 118 connected in series. Further, in the cooling indoor unit B and the heating indoor unit C, an example is shown in which two air conditioning throttle means 117 and two indoor heat exchangers 118 are mounted in parallel.
- the cooling indoor unit B receives a supply of cold from the heat source unit A and takes charge of the cooling load
- the heating indoor unit C has a function of receiving the supply of cold heat from the heat source unit A and taking charge of the heating load. Yes.
- the first embodiment shows a state in which it is determined by the relay unit D that the cooling indoor unit B is in charge of the cooling load, and the heating indoor unit C is determined to be in charge of the heating load.
- a blower such as a fan for supplying air (heat medium) to the indoor heat exchanger 118 may be provided in the vicinity of the indoor heat exchanger 118.
- the connection pipe connected from the relay D to the indoor heat exchanger 118 is referred to as a connection pipe 133
- the connection pipe connected from the relay D to the air conditioning throttle means 117 is referred to as a connection pipe 134. Shall be explained.
- the air conditioning throttle means 117 functions as a pressure reducing valve or an expansion valve, and decompresses and expands the air conditioning refrigerant.
- the air-conditioning throttle means 117 may be constituted by a controllable opening degree, for example, a precise flow rate control means using an electronic expansion valve, an inexpensive refrigerant flow rate control means such as a capillary tube, or the like.
- the indoor heat exchanger 118 functions as a radiator (condenser) or an evaporator, and performs heat exchange between air supplied from an air blower (not shown) and the air conditioning refrigerant to condense or liquefy the air conditioning refrigerant. Evaporative gasification.
- the indoor heat exchanger 118 is constituted by, for example, a cross fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger constituted by heat transfer tubes and a large number of fins.
- the air conditioning throttle means 117 and the indoor heat exchanger 118 are connected in series.
- the relay unit D has a function of connecting the cooling indoor unit B and the heating indoor unit C to the heat source unit A. Further, the relay machine D selectively opens or closes either the valve means 109a or the valve means 109b of the first distribution unit 109, so that the indoor heat exchanger 118 is a radiator or an evaporator, It has a function to determine.
- the relay D includes a gas-liquid separator 108, a first distributor 109, a second distributor 110, a first internal heat exchanger 111, a first relay throttle means 112, and a second internal heat. An exchange 113 and a second relay squeezing means 114 are provided.
- connection pipe 133 is branched into two, one of which is the connection pipe 133 a connected to the low-pressure side connection pipe 107 and the other connection pipe 133 b is connected to the gas-liquid separator 108.
- the connection pipe 132 is connected.
- the connecting pipe 133a is provided with valve means 109a that is controlled to be opened and closed to control the presence or absence of refrigerant.
- the connecting pipe 133b is provided with valve means 109b that is controlled to be opened and closed to control the presence or absence of refrigerant.
- the open / closed states of the valve means 109a and the valve means 109b are represented by black (open) and white (closed).
- connection pipe 134 is branched into two, one of the connection pipes 134 b is connected at the first meeting part 115, and the other connection pipe 134 a is connected at the second meeting part 116. It has become so.
- the connection pipe 134a is provided with a check valve 110a that allows only one of the refrigerants to flow.
- connection pipe 134b is provided with a check valve 110b that allows only one refrigerant to flow.
- the open / closed states of the check valve 110a and the check valve 110b are represented by black (open) and white (closed).
- the first meeting unit 115 is connected from the second distribution unit 110 to the gas-liquid separator 108 via the first relay squeezing means 112 and the first internal heat exchanger 111.
- the second meeting unit 116 branches between the second distribution unit 110 and the second internal heat exchanger 113, one of which is for the second distribution unit 110 and the first relay device via the second internal heat exchanger 113.
- the second meeting section 116a is connected to the first meeting section 115 between the throttling means 112, and the other (second meeting section 116a) is connected to the second relay throttling means 114, the second internal heat exchanger 113, and the first internal heat exchanger 111.
- the gas-liquid separator 108 separates the air-conditioning refrigerant into a gas refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant.
- the gas-liquid separator 108 is provided in the high-pressure side connection pipe 106, one of which is connected to the valve means 109 a of the first distribution unit 109, and the other.
- the first distributor 115 is connected to the second distributor 110.
- the first distribution unit 109 has a function of allowing one of the valve means 109a and the valve means 109b to be selectively opened and closed and causing the air conditioning refrigerant to flow into the indoor heat exchanger 118.
- the 2nd distribution part 110 has a function which permits the flow of the refrigerant for air-conditioning to either one by check valve 110a and check valve 110b.
- the first internal heat exchanger 111 is provided in the first meeting part 115 between the gas-liquid separator 108 and the first relay throttle unit 112.
- the first internal heat exchanger 111 is connected between the air conditioning refrigerant that is conducted through the first meeting part 115 and the air conditioning refrigerant that is conducted through the second meeting part 116a branched from the second meeting part 116.
- the heat exchange is performed.
- the first repeater throttle means 112 is provided in the first meeting section 115 between the first internal heat exchanger 111 and the second distribution section 110, and decompresses and expands the air-conditioning refrigerant. .
- the first repeater throttle means 112 may be configured with a variable opening degree controllable means, for example, a precise flow rate control means using an electronic expansion valve, an inexpensive refrigerant flow rate control means such as a capillary tube, or the like.
- the second internal heat exchanger 113 is provided in the second meeting part 116, and includes an air conditioning refrigerant that is conducted through the second meeting part 116, and a second meeting part 116a from which the second meeting part 116 is branched. Heat exchange is performed with the air-conditioning refrigerant that is conducted.
- the second relay throttling means 114 is provided in the second meeting section 116 between the second internal heat exchanger 113 and the second distribution section 110, functions as a pressure reducing valve and an expansion valve, and is an air conditioning refrigerant. Is expanded under reduced pressure.
- the second relay unit throttle unit 114 can be controlled to have a variable opening, for example, a precise flow rate control unit using an electronic expansion valve, or a low cost such as a capillary tube.
- the refrigerant flow rate adjusting means may be used.
- the air-conditioning refrigeration cycle 1 includes the air-conditioning compressor 101, the four-way valve 102, the indoor heat exchanger 118, the air-conditioning throttle means 117, and the outdoor heat exchanger 103 connected in series, and the air-conditioning compression cycle.
- Machine 101, four-way valve 102, and outdoor heat exchanger 103 are connected in series, and two indoor heat exchangers 118 are connected in parallel via relay D to form a first refrigerant circuit. This is established by circulating the air-conditioning refrigerant in the first refrigerant circuit.
- the air conditioning compressor 101 is not particularly limited as long as it can compress the sucked refrigerant into a high pressure state.
- the air-conditioning compressor 101 can be configured using various types such as reciprocating, rotary, scroll, or screw.
- the air-conditioning compressor 101 may be configured as a type in which the rotation speed can be variably controlled by an inverter, or may be configured as a type in which the rotation speed is fixed.
- the type of refrigerant circulating in the air-conditioning refrigeration cycle 1 is not particularly limited.
- natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), hydrocarbons, and helium, and alternatives that do not contain chlorine such as HFC410A, HFC407C, and HFC404A
- HFC410A, HFC407C, and HFC404A Either a refrigerant or a fluorocarbon refrigerant such as R22 or R134a used in existing products may be used.
- the heating main operation of the air-conditioning refrigeration cycle 1 will be described.
- the air-conditioning refrigerant heated to a high temperature and high pressure by the air-conditioning compressor 101 is discharged from the air-conditioning compressor 101, passes through the four-way valve 102, passes through the check valve 105 d, and enters the high-pressure side connection pipe 106. It is guided and flows into the gas-liquid separator 108 of the repeater D in the superheated gas state.
- the superheated gas-conditioning refrigerant flowing into the gas-liquid separator 108 is distributed to a circuit in which the valve means 109a of the first distribution unit 109 is open.
- the refrigerant for air conditioning in the superheated gas state flows into the heating indoor unit C.
- the air-conditioning refrigerant that has flowed into the heating indoor unit C dissipates heat in the indoor heat exchanger 118 (that is, warms the room air), is depressurized by the air-conditioning throttle means 117, and merges in the first meeting unit 115.
- a part of the air-conditioning refrigerant in the superheated gas state that has flowed into the gas-liquid separator 108 is the air-conditioning refrigerant expanded to low temperature and low pressure by the second relay expansion means 114 in the first internal heat exchanger 111.
- the degree of supercooling is obtained by heat exchange.
- the air-conditioning refrigerant air-conditioning refrigerant that flows into the heating indoor unit C and radiates heat in the indoor heat exchanger 118
- the air-conditioning refrigerant that flows into the heating indoor unit C and radiates heat in the indoor heat exchanger 118
- the first repeater throttle means 112 used for air-conditioning and the first meeting unit Join at 115.
- a part of the superheated gas conditioning refrigerant that passes through the first repeater throttle means 112 may be eliminated by fully closing the first repeater throttle means 112.
- the second internal heat exchanger 113 performs heat exchange with the air-conditioning refrigerant expanded to low temperature and low pressure by the second relay throttle unit 114 to obtain a degree of supercooling.
- This refrigerant for air conditioning is distributed to the second meeting part 116 side and the second relay unit throttle means 114 side.
- the air-conditioning refrigerant that passes through the second meeting portion 116 is distributed to a circuit through which the check valve 110a flows.
- the air-conditioning refrigerant that conducts through the second meeting section 116 flows into the cooling indoor unit B is expanded to low temperature and low pressure by the air-conditioning throttle means 117, evaporates in the indoor heat exchanger 118, and the valve means 109 a. After that, the low pressure side connecting pipe 107 joins.
- the air-conditioning refrigerant that has passed through the second repeater throttle means 114 evaporates by exchanging heat in the second internal heat exchanger 113 and the first internal heat exchanger 111, and in the cooling chamber through the low-pressure side connection pipe 107.
- the air-conditioning refrigerant merged in the low-pressure side connection pipe 107 is led to the outdoor heat exchanger 103 through the check valve 105c, and depending on the operating conditions, the remaining liquid refrigerant is evaporated, and the four-way valve 102, accumulator The process returns to the air conditioning compressor 101 via 104.
- the amount of heat (heat exchange amount) of the refrigerant that must be evaporated by the outdoor heat exchanger 103 differs. That is, the heat exchange amount required for the outdoor heat exchanger 103 increases as the difference between the heat exchange amount of the heating indoor unit C and the heat exchange amount of the cooling indoor unit B increases. For this reason, in order to cope with various loads in both the heating indoor unit C and the cooling indoor unit B, it is necessary to continuously control the heat exchange amount (capacity) of the outdoor heat exchanger 103.
- Equation 1 Q is the heat exchange amount
- AK is the heat conductance of the heat exchanger
- dT is the temperature difference between the materials that perform heat exchange.
- Formula 2 is known as a relational expression of the thermal conductance AK of the heat exchanger.
- A is the heat transfer area outside the tube of the heat exchanger
- Ai is the heat transfer area inside the tube of the heat exchanger
- ⁇ o is the heat transfer coefficient outside the tube of the heat exchanger
- ⁇ i is the inside of the tube of the heat exchanger.
- the tube outside heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o corresponds to “the heat transfer coefficient outside the heat transfer tube through which the refrigerant flows ( ⁇ o)” in the present invention
- the tube inside heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i corresponds to “the heat transfer coefficient through which the refrigerant flows” in the present invention. This corresponds to the heat transfer coefficient ( ⁇ i) inside the heat pipe.
- the tube outer heat transfer area Ao and the tube inner heat transfer area Ai correspond to the “heat transfer area (A) in which heat is exchanged between the refrigerant and the heat medium” in the present invention.
- the heat conductance AK of the heat exchanger is determined by the tube outer heat transfer area Ao, the tube inner heat transfer area Ai, the tube outer heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o, and the tube inner heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i. It is possible to control the heat exchange amount (processing capacity) of the heat exchanger by controlling.
- each means (described later) for adjusting the tube inner heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i and the tube outer heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o has a controllable control amount range (width). In order to cope with the influence of the external disturbance and the like, it is necessary to control both the tube inner heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i and the tube outer heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o.
- the tube outer heat transfer area Ao and the tube inner heat transfer area Ai are determined by the shape of the heat exchanger and the flow path of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger. That is, by dividing one heat exchanger into a plurality of heat exchangers having different refrigerant flow paths, the pipe outer heat transfer area Ao and the pipe inner heat transfer area are determined depending on whether or not the refrigerant is conducted to each flow path. Ai can be controlled in stages. It should be noted that both the tube outer heat transfer area Ao and the tube inner heat transfer area Ai change depending on whether or not the refrigerant is conducted to each flow path, and if the refrigerant conduction to each flow path is constant, the tube outer heat transfer area.
- the pipe outer heat transfer area Ao and the pipe inner heat transfer area Ai as control objects are collectively referred to as a heat transfer area A of the heat exchanger.
- the influence of load and disturbance can be reduced, and the heat exchange amount can be controlled in a wider range than when the heat transfer area A is not controlled. It becomes.
- the tube outer heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o or the tube inner heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i can be reduced due to load fluctuation or disturbance. Even when any of the influences becomes dominant, the heat exchange amount of the heat exchanger can be controlled. In addition, as compared with the case where the heat transfer area A is not controlled, the heat exchange amount can be controlled in a wide range even if the control amounts of the tube inner heat transfer rate ⁇ i and the tube outer heat transfer rate ⁇ o are the same.
- a circuit that can supply a cooling load and a heating load at the same time is given as an example.
- the refrigerant circuit provided with the control of the heat exchange amount is not limited to this.
- the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioning apparatus for general cooling / heating switching, cooling only, or heating only may be sufficient.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the structure of the outdoor heat exchanger according to the first embodiment.
- segmentation structure which has several heat exchangers (henceforth a division
- the outdoor heat exchanger 103 may have a divided structure in which four heat exchangers are combined, or may have a divided structure in which one heat exchanger is divided into four.
- segmentation heat exchangers which comprise the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is not specifically limited, It changes with the control width of the controller of pipe
- connection pipe 119 is branched into a plurality of parts and connected to each of the divided heat exchangers constituting the outdoor heat exchanger 103.
- electromagnetic valves 209a, 209b, and 209c which are open / close valves that are controlled to open / close by the control device 2 and are controlled to open / close the refrigerant, are installed in the branched connection pipes 119, respectively.
- the solenoid valves 209a, 209b, and 209c constitute “heat transfer area adjusting means” in the present invention.
- connection pipes 119 branched into a plurality is used as a bypass circuit 300 that bypasses the divided heat exchanger.
- the bypass circuit 300 is provided with an expansion valve 210 that is a flow rate adjusting means for controlling the flow rate through the bypass circuit 300.
- the bypass circuit 300 and the expansion valve 210 constitute the “pipe inner heat transfer coefficient adjusting means” in the present invention.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 103 includes a fan 230 for controlling the amount of air passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 103.
- the fan 230 constitutes “tube outside heat transfer coefficient adjusting means” in the present invention.
- the heat exchanger which performs the air volume control by the fan 230 is taken as an example as means for controlling the tube outside heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a pump that controls the water flow rate on the water side serves as the outside heat transfer coefficient adjusting means that adjusts the outside heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a change in heat exchanger processing capacity according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing when adjusting the heat exchange amount according to the first embodiment.
- the vertical axis represents the processing capacity ratio.
- a processing capacity ratio of 100% is a state in which there is no load on the cooling indoor unit B and all the refrigerant is evaporated by the outdoor heat exchanger 103. Further, when the processing capacity ratio is 0%, the cooling indoor unit B has a large load and there is no load on the outdoor heat exchanger 103.
- the horizontal axis indicates the air volume ratio.
- the air volume ratio of 100% is a state where the fan 230 is operated at the maximum air volume, and the air volume ratio of 0% is a state where the fan 230 is stopped.
- a lower limit air volume is set for the air volume of the fan 230. This lower limit air volume is set in order to ensure heat dissipation from a heating element such as a circuit board installed in the heat source machine A.
- a heating element such as a circuit board installed in the heat source machine A.
- the heat exchange amount is processed as a target process. Start the control action to be the ability.
- the control device 2 controls the air flow rate of the fan 230 to control the tube outside heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o. That is, when reducing the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 103, the blower amount of the fan 230 is reduced to reduce the outside heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o. When the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is increased, the air flow rate of the fan 230 is increased to increase the tube outside heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o. With this control, the processing capacity (heat exchange amount) of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 changes according to the air volume of the fan 230, as represented by the processing capacity line 401, 402, or 403 in FIG.
- the processing capacity line 401 shows a case where the solenoid valves 209a, 209b, and 209c are all open.
- the processing capacity line 402 indicates a case where the electromagnetic valve 209a is in a closed state and the electromagnetic valves 209b and 209c are in an open state.
- a processing capacity line 403 indicates a case where the solenoid valves 209a and 209b are closed and the solenoid valve 209c is opened. The control of each solenoid valve will be described later.
- the control device 2 determines whether or not the processing capacity (heat exchange amount) of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 has reached the target processing capacity. This determination is made based on, for example, whether or not the pressure in the suction portion of the air conditioning compressor 101 is a predetermined pressure in the heating-main operation, and in the cooling-main operation, It may be determined based on whether or not the pressure of the discharge unit is a predetermined pressure.
- the control device 2 ends the heat exchange amount control operation.
- the target processing capacity is not reached even if the air volume of the fan 230 is controlled within the range from the maximum air volume to the lower limit air volume, the process proceeds to step S102.
- the control device 2 controls the amount of refrigerant passing through the bypass circuit 300 based on the opening degree of the expansion valve 210 to control the pipe inner heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i. That is, when the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is reduced, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger 103 by increasing the opening degree of the expansion valve 210 and increasing the flow rate of the bypass circuit 300. To reduce the tube inner heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i. When increasing the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 103, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is increased by decreasing the opening degree of the expansion valve 210 and decreasing the flow rate of the bypass circuit 300. To increase the tube inner heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i.
- the processing capacity line 501 shows a case where the solenoid valves 209a, 209b, and 209c are all open.
- a processing capacity line 502 indicates a case where the electromagnetic valve 209a is in a closed state and the electromagnetic valves 209b and 209c are in an open state.
- a processing capacity line 503 indicates a case where the solenoid valves 209a and 209b are closed and the solenoid valve 209c is opened. The control of each solenoid valve will be described later.
- the control device 2 determines whether or not the processing capacity (heat exchange amount) of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 has reached the target processing capacity. When the processing capacity (heat exchange amount) of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 reaches the target processing capacity, the control device 2 ends the heat exchange amount control operation. On the other hand, if the target processing capacity is not reached even if the opening degree of the expansion valve 210 is controlled in the range from fully open to fully closed, the process proceeds to step S103.
- the control device 2 controls the heat transfer area A of the heat exchanger by controlling the open / close state of the electromagnetic valves 209a, 209b, and 209c, and controlling the presence or absence of the refrigerant to each divided heat exchanger. . That is, when reducing the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 103, the number of open solenoid valves among the solenoid valves 209a, 209b, and 209c is reduced, and the number of divided heat exchangers that conduct the refrigerant is reduced. By reducing the heat transfer area A, the heat transfer area A is reduced.
- the number of open solenoid valves among the solenoid valves 209a, 209b, and 209c is increased, and the number of split heat exchangers that conduct the refrigerant is increased.
- the heat transfer area A is increased.
- the order of opening and closing the solenoid valves 209a, 209b, and 209c is such that when the processing capacity (heat exchange amount) is increased, the solenoid valves 209c, 209b, and 209a are opened in the order of the processing capacity (heat exchange amount).
- it makes a closed state in order of electromagnetic valve 209a, 209b, 209c.
- step S101 and S102 when the above-described steps S101 and S102 are performed when all the solenoid valves 209a, 209b, and 209c are open, the processing capability changes as indicated by the processing capability lines 401 and 501 in FIG.
- step S103 is executed at the boundary 601 in FIG. 4, the electromagnetic valve 209a is controlled to be closed.
- the processing capacity changes as represented by the processing capacity lines 402 and 502 in FIG.
- step S103 is executed at the boundary 602 in FIG. 4
- the electromagnetic valve 209b is controlled to be closed.
- step S101 and S102 are performed in a state where the electromagnetic valves 209a and 209b are closed and the electromagnetic valve 209c is opened, the processing capacity changes as represented by the processing capacity lines 403 and 503 in FIG. And if step S103 is performed in the boundary 603 of FIG. 4, the solenoid valve 209c will be controlled to a closed state.
- the outside heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o, the inside pipe heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i, and the heat transfer area A are controlled to control the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 103.
- the heat exchange amount of the heat exchanger 103 can be set to a desired heat exchange amount. Further, even when the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger 103 decreases and the change in the heat exchange amount due to the control of the outside heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o becomes small, the heat exchange amount can be controlled continuously. Moreover, the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 can be continuously controlled regardless of the load or disturbance.
- the pipe inner heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i can be obtained.
- the refrigerant circulating in the outdoor heat exchanger 103 can be completely bypassed by controlling the solenoid valves 209a, 209b, and 209c, and the processing capacity (heat exchange amount) of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is reduced to 0%. It becomes possible to make it.
- the control width of the tube inner heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i, the tube outer heat transfer coefficient ⁇ o, and the heat transfer area A is small,
- the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 can be controlled in a wide range.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the structure of an outdoor heat exchanger that performs flow rate control using a solenoid valve.
- electromagnetic valves 220 a, 220 b, and 220 c that are open / close valves that branch off the connection pipe 119 connected to the bypass circuit 300 into a plurality of parts and are controlled to open / close to control whether the refrigerant is on or off. is set up.
- the flow path resistance of the bypass circuit 300 is changed, the flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the bypass circuit 300 is controlled, and the flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is controlled.
- the pipe inner heat transfer coefficient ⁇ i may be controlled.
- an inexpensive solenoid valve can be used as a flow rate control means for conducting the bypass circuit 300.
- the heat exchange amount of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is controlled has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and by applying the technical idea described above, indoor heat exchange is performed. It is also possible to control the heat exchange amount of the vessel 118.
- Refrigeration cycle for air conditioning 2 control unit, 101 compressor for air conditioning, 102 four-way valve, 103 outdoor heat exchanger, 104 accumulator, 105a check valve, 105b check valve, 105c check valve, 105d check valve, 106 High-pressure side connection pipe, 107 Low-pressure side connection pipe, 108 Gas-liquid separator, 109 First distribution part, 109a valve means, 109b valve means, 110 Second distribution part, 110a check valve, 110b check valve, 111 first Internal heat exchanger, 112, first relay squeezing means, 113 second internal heat exchanger, 114 second relay squeezing means, 115 first meeting part, 116 second meeting part, 116a meeting part, 117 for air conditioning Throttle means, 118 indoor heat exchanger, 119 connection piping, 130 first connection piping, 131 second connection piping, 132 connection Pipe, 133 connection piping, 133a connection piping, 133b connection piping, 134 connection piping, 134a connection piping, 134b
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Abstract
Description
しかし、熱交換器を流通する冷媒流量が低下した際には、ファンの風量制御による伝熱管外側の熱伝達率の制御では熱交換量の変化量が少なくなり、熱交分割パターンを変化させたときの熱交換量の変化が大きくなる。このため、所望の熱交換量とすることができない、という問題点があった。
また、例えばファンの下限風量が設定され、その下限風量で動作している場合、装置外部から流入した風や雨の影響などにより熱交換量が過大となっても、ファンの風量制御では熱交換量を低下させることができない、という問題点があった。
しかし、伝熱管内の伝熱面積のみを変化させる方法では、連続的な熱交換量の制御が必要な場合に可変手段を多く必要とし、コストが掛かり、熱交換器が複雑な形状となってしまう、という問題点があった。
また、熱交換器を流通する冷媒流量が低下し、伝熱管外側の熱伝達率の制御による熱交換量の変化が小さくなる場合でも、熱交換器の熱交換量を連続的に制御することができる空気調和装置を得るものである。
実施の形態1.
図1は、実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置の冷房主体運転時の冷媒回路構成を示す冷媒回路図である。図1に基づいて、空気調和装置の冷媒回路構成について説明する。この空気調和装置は、ビルやマンション等に設置され、冷媒(空調用冷媒)を循環させる冷凍サイクル(ヒートポンプサイクル)を利用することで冷房負荷、暖房負荷を同時に供給できるものである。なお、図1では空調用冷凍サイクル1の冷房主体運転動作について説明する。なお、図1を含め、以下の図面では各構成部材の大きさの関係が実際のものとは異なる場合がある。
空調用冷凍サイクル1は、熱源機Aと、冷房負荷を担当する冷房室内機Bと、暖房負荷を担当する暖房室内機Cと、中継機Dと、によって構成されている。このうち、冷房室内機B、暖房室内機Cは、熱源機Aに対して並列となるように接続されて搭載されている。そして、熱源機Aと、冷房室内機B及び暖房室内機Cとの間に設置される中継機Dが冷媒の流れを切り換えることで、冷房室内機B、暖房室内機Cとしての機能を発揮させるようになっている。制御装置2は、空調用冷凍サイクル1の動作を統括制御する。
熱源機Aは、空調用圧縮機101と、流路切替手段である四方弁102と、室外熱交換器103と、アキュムレータ104とが接続配管119により直列に接続されて構成されている。この熱源機Aは、冷房室内機B、暖房室内機Cに冷熱を供給する機能を有している。なお、室外熱交換器103の近傍に、この室外熱交換器103に空気(熱媒体)を供給するためのファン等の送風機を設けるとよい。
冷房室内機B及び暖房室内機Cには、空調用絞り手段117と、室内熱交換器118とが、直列に接続されて搭載されている。また、冷房室内機B及び暖房室内機Cには、2台の空調用絞り手段117と、2台の室内熱交換器118とが、それぞれ並列に搭載されている場合を例に示している。冷房室内機Bは、熱源機Aからの冷熱の供給を受けて冷房負荷を担当し、暖房室内機Cは、熱源機Aからの冷熱の供給を受けて暖房負荷を担当する機能を有している。
中継機Dは、冷房室内機B、暖房室内機Cのそれぞれと、熱源機Aとを、接続する機能を有する。また、中継機Dは、第1分配部109の弁手段109a又は弁手段109bの何れかを択一的に開閉することにより、室内熱交換器118を放熱器とするか蒸発器とするか、を決定する機能を有している。この中継機Dは、気液分離器108と、第1分配部109と、第2分配部110と、第1内部熱交換器111と、第1中継機用絞り手段112と、第2内部熱交換器113と、第2中継機用絞り手段114と、を備えている。
熱交換器の伝熱特性を表す基礎式として、数式1が知られている。
ここで、熱交換器の熱コンダクタンスAKの関係式として、数式2が知られている。
なお、管外側熱伝達率αoは、本発明における「冷媒が流通する伝熱管外側の熱伝達率(αo)」に相当し、管内側熱伝達率αiは、本発明における「冷媒が流通する伝熱管内側の熱伝達率(αi)」に相当する。また、管外側伝熱面積Ao及び管内側伝熱面積Aiは、本発明における「冷媒と熱媒体とが熱交換する伝熱面積(A)」に相当する。
このため、管外側熱伝達率αo、または管内側熱伝達率αiの片方の制御を行うだけでは、制御を行っていない方の熱伝達率が支配的となった時、制御側の熱伝達率を制御しても、熱コンダクタンスAKの変化させる効果が小さく、所望の熱交換量(処理能力)とすることができない場合がある。
また、実用的な観点では、管内側熱伝達率αi、及び管外側熱伝達率αoを調整する各手段(後述)には、制御可能な制御量の範囲(幅)が定まっているため、負荷や外乱等の影響にも対応するためには、管内側熱伝達率αiと管外側熱伝達率αoの両方を制御する必要がある。
この熱交換器の伝熱面積Aを制御することで、負荷や外乱の影響を小さくすることができ、伝熱面積Aを制御しない場合と比較して、広い範囲で熱交換量の制御が可能となる。
図3では、室外熱交換器103の内部に、冷媒の流路が異なる複数の熱交換器(以下、分割熱交換器と称する)を有する分割構造となっている場合を例に示している。
なお、室外熱交換器103は、4つ熱交換器を組み合わせた分割構造としてもよく、1つの熱交換器を4分割した分割構造としてもよい。
なお、室外熱交換器103を構成する分割熱交換器の個数は特に限定するものではなく、管外側熱伝達率αo、管内側熱伝達率αiの制御器の制御幅によって変化する。
なお、電磁弁209a、209b、209cは、本発明における「伝熱面積調整手段」を構成する。
なお、バイパス回路300及び膨張弁210は、本発明における「管内側熱伝達率調整手段」を構成する。
なお、ファン230は、本発明における「管外側熱伝達率調整手段」を構成する。
図4は、実施の形態1に係る熱交換器処理能力の変化を説明する図である。
図5は、実施の形態1に係る熱交換量を調整する際の処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。
なお、図4において、縦軸は処理能力比を示す。処理能力比が100%とは、冷房室内機Bの負荷が無く、冷媒の蒸発をすべて室外熱交換器103で行っている状態である。
また、処理能力比が0%は、冷房室内機Bの負荷が大きく、室外熱交換器103での負荷が無い状態である。横軸は風量比を示す。風量比が100%とは、ファン230が最大風量で運転する状態であり、風量比が0%とは、ファン230が停止している状態である。なお、ファン230の風量には下限風量が設定されている。この下限風量は、熱源機A内に設置した基板回路等の発熱体の放熱を確保するために設定されている。
以下、図5のフローチャートに添って、図4を参照しつつ説明する。
制御装置2は、ファン230の送風量を制御して、管外側熱伝達率αoの制御を行う。すなわち、室外熱交換器103の熱交換量を低下させる際には、ファン230の送風量を低下させて管外側熱伝達率αoを減少させる。室外熱交換器103の熱交換量を上昇させる際には、ファン230の送風量を上昇させて管外側熱伝達率αoを増加させる。
この制御により、図4の処理能力線401、402、または403で表されるように、ファン230の風量に応じて、室外熱交換器103の処理能力(熱交換量)が変化する。
なお、処理能力線401は、電磁弁209a、209b、及び209cが全て開状態の場合を示す。また、処理能力線402は、電磁弁209aが閉状態、電磁弁209b、及び209cが開状態の場合を示す。また、処理能力線403は、電磁弁209a、及び209bが閉状態、電磁弁209cが開状態の場合を示す。各電磁弁の制御については後述する。
この判断は、例えば、暖房主体運転時の場合は空調用圧縮機101の吸入部の圧力が所定の圧力となっているか否かにより判断し、冷房主体運転時の場合は空調用圧縮機101の吐出部の圧力が所定の圧力となっているか否かで判断するとよい。
制御装置2は、室外熱交換器103の処理能力(熱交換量)が、目標処理能力となった場合には、熱交換量の制御動作を終了する。一方、ファン230の風量を最大風量から下限風量の範囲で制御しても目標処理能力とならない場合、ステップS102に進む。
制御装置2は、膨張弁210の開度によりバイパス回路300を導通する冷媒量を制御して、管内側熱伝達率αiの制御を行う。すなわち、室外熱交換器103の熱交換量を低下させる際には、膨張弁210の開度を増加させ、バイパス回路300の流量を増加させることで室外熱交換器103内を流通する冷媒の流速を低下させ、管内側熱伝達率αiを減少させる。室外熱交換器103の熱交換量を上昇させる際には、膨張弁210の開度を低下させ、バイパス回路300の流量を低下させることで室外熱交換器103内を流通する冷媒の流速を増加させ、管内側熱伝達率αiを増加させる。
この制御により、図4の処理能力線501、502、または503で表されるように、バイパス回路300の流量に応じて、室外熱交換器103の処理能力(熱交換量)が変化する。
なお、処理能力線501は、電磁弁209a、209b、及び209cが全て開状態の場合を示す。また、処理能力線502は、電磁弁209aが閉状態、電磁弁209b、及び209cが開状態の場合を示す。また、処理能力線503は、電磁弁209a、及び209bが閉状態、電磁弁209cが開状態の場合を示す。各電磁弁の制御については後述する。
制御装置2は、室外熱交換器103の処理能力(熱交換量)が、目標処理能力となった場合には、熱交換量の制御動作を終了する。一方、膨張弁210の開度を全開から全閉の範囲で制御しても目標処理能力とならない場合、ステップS103に進む。
制御装置2は、電磁弁209a、209b、及び209cの開閉状態を制御し、各分割熱交換器への冷媒の導通の有無を制御することで、熱交換器の伝熱面積Aの制御を行う。すなわち、室外熱交換器103の熱交換量を低下させる際には、電磁弁209a、209b、及び209cのうち開状態の電磁弁の数を減少させ、冷媒を導通させる分割熱交換器の数を減少させることで伝熱面積Aを減少させる。室外熱交換器103の熱交換量を上昇させる際には、電磁弁209a、209b、及び209cのうち開状態の電磁弁の数を増加させ、冷媒を導通させる分割熱交換器の数を増加させることで伝熱面積Aを増加させる。
例えば、電磁弁209a、209b、209cの開閉の順序は、処理能力(熱交換量)を増やす場合には、電磁弁209c、209b、209aの順番で開状態にし、処理能力(熱交換量)を減らす場合には、電磁弁209a、209b、209cの順番で閉状態にする。
例えば、電磁弁209a、209b、209cが全て開状態において、上記ステップS101、S102が実施されると、図4の処理能力線401、501で表されるように処理能力が変化する。そして、図4の境界601でステップS103が実行されると、電磁弁209aが閉状態に制御される。
電磁弁209aが閉状態、電磁弁209b、及び209cが開状態において、上記ステップS101、S102が実施されると、図4の処理能力線402、502で表されるように処理能力が変化する。そして、図4の境界602でステップS103が実行されると、電磁弁209bが閉状態に制御される。
電磁弁209a、及び209bが閉状態、電磁弁209cが開状態において、上記ステップS101、S102が実施されると、図4の処理能力線403、503で表されるように処理能力が変化する。そして、図4の境界603でステップS103が実行されると、電磁弁209cが閉状態に制御される。
また、室外熱交換器103を流通する冷媒流量が低下し、管外側熱伝達率αoの制御による熱交換量の変化が小さくなる場合でも、熱交換量を連続的に制御することができる。
また、室外熱交換器103の熱交換量を負荷や外乱によらず連続的に制御することができる。
また、ファン230に下限風量が設定され、その下限風量で動作している場合、装置外部から流入した風や雨の影響などにより熱交換量が過大となっても、管内側熱伝達率αi、及び伝熱面積Aの制御により、所望の熱交換量とすることができる。
また、電磁弁209a、209b、209cの制御により、室外熱交換器103内を流通する冷媒を完全にバイパスすることができ、室外熱交換器103の処理能力(熱交換量)を0%まで低下させることが可能となる。
また、従来の管外側熱伝達率αoや伝熱面積Aのみの制御と比較して、管内側熱伝達率αi、管外側熱伝達率αo、及び伝熱面積Aの制御幅が少なくても、室外熱交換器103の熱交換量を広い範囲で制御可能となる。
図6に示す例では、バイパス回路300に接続する接続配管119をさらに複数に分岐させて、それぞれに開閉制御されて冷媒の導通有無を開閉制御する開閉弁である電磁弁220a、220b、220cが設置されている。
この電磁弁220a、220b、220cの開閉を切り替えることによってバイパス回路300の流路抵抗を変化させ、バイパス回路300を流れる冷媒流量を制御し、室外熱交換器103を流れる冷媒流量を制御することで、管内側熱伝達率αiを制御するようにしてもよい。これにより、バイパス回路300を導通する流量の制御手段として安価な電磁弁を使用することができる。
Claims (5)
- 圧縮機、絞り手段、及び熱交換器を少なくとも有し、冷媒を循環させる冷媒回路と、
前記熱交換器の熱交換量を制御する制御手段とを備え、
前記熱交換器は、
前記冷媒が流通する伝熱管外側の熱伝達率(αo)を調整する管外側熱伝達率調整手段と、
前記冷媒が流通する伝熱管内側の熱伝達率(αi)を調整する管内側熱伝達率調整手段と、
前記冷媒と熱媒体とが熱交換する伝熱面積(A)を調整する伝熱面積調整手段とを備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記伝熱管外側の熱伝達率(αo)、前記伝熱管内側の熱伝達率(αi)、及び前記伝熱面積(A)を制御して、前記熱交換器の熱交換量を制御する
ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。 - 前記熱交換器は、
前記管内側熱伝達率調整手段として、当該熱交換器に流入する前記冷媒を分岐して当該熱交換器を迂回させるバイパス流路と、前記バイパス流路の流量を調整する流量調整手段とを備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記バイパス流路の流量を制御して、前記伝熱管内側の熱伝達率(αi)を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記熱交換器は、
前記熱媒体としての空気と前記冷媒とを熱交換し、
前記管外側熱伝達率調整手段として、当該熱交換器に前記空気を送風するファンを備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記ファンの送風量を制御して、前記伝熱管外側の熱伝達率(αo)を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記制御手段は、
前記熱交換器の熱交換量を低下させる際、前記ファンの送風量を低下させて前記伝熱管外側の熱伝達率(αo)を減少させ、
前記ファンの送風量が所定値を下回る場合、前記バイパス流路の流量を増加させて前記伝熱管内側の熱伝達率(αi)を減少させる
ことを特徴とする請求項2に従属する請求項3記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記熱交換器は、
前記冷媒の流路が異なる複数の熱交換器に分割され、
前記伝熱面積調整手段として、前記複数の熱交換器のそれぞれの流路に開閉弁を備え、
前記制御手段は、
前記各開閉弁の開閉を制御して、前記伝熱面積(A)を制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
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US14/385,555 US9915454B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2012-03-29 | Air-conditioning apparatus including heat exchanger with controlled heat exchange amount |
PCT/JP2012/002173 WO2013145006A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 | 2012-03-29 | 空気調和装置 |
EP12872922.5A EP2833082A4 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2012-03-29 | AIR CONDITIONING |
CN2013201510055U CN203203305U (zh) | 2012-03-29 | 2013-03-29 | 空调装置 |
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EP3056837A4 (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2016-11-02 | Daikin Ind Ltd | REFRIGERATION DEVICE OF THE HEAT RECOVERY TYPE |
JP2019158249A (ja) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | アイシン精機株式会社 | ガスエンジン駆動式空気調和装置 |
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EP2833082A4 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
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