WO2013133028A1 - 電力伝送システム - Google Patents
電力伝送システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013133028A1 WO2013133028A1 PCT/JP2013/054255 JP2013054255W WO2013133028A1 WO 2013133028 A1 WO2013133028 A1 WO 2013133028A1 JP 2013054255 W JP2013054255 W JP 2013054255W WO 2013133028 A1 WO2013133028 A1 WO 2013133028A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
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- H04B5/24—
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- H04B5/79—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power transmission system including a power transmission device and a power reception device.
- a conventional non-contact charging system includes, for example, a power transmission device including a primary coil in a charging stand and a portable electronic device including a secondary coil and a rechargeable battery as disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- a power transmission device including a primary coil in a charging stand and a portable electronic device including a secondary coil and a rechargeable battery as disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the user places the portable electronic device on the power transmission device.
- the primary side coil of the power transmission device and the secondary side coil of the portable electronic device are electromagnetically coupled (magnetic field coupling), and power is supplied to the charging device side to charge the secondary battery.
- the power transmission coil and the power reception coil act as an insulating transformer using electromagnetic induction, and are merely used as a transformer using magnetic coupling.
- transformers that use electromagnetic induction it is important to efficiently convert from electricity to magnetism and electricity by linking the magnetic flux generated by the current flowing in the primary winding to the secondary winding and flowing the current. ing.
- the ratio of the magnetic flux interlinked with the secondary winding out of the magnetic flux generated by the current flowing through the primary winding is called (magnetic) coupling degree.
- the power conversion efficiency is increased. Therefore, how to increase the magnetic coupling degree is important.
- high power conversion efficiency cannot be obtained.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power transmission system that increases power conversion efficiency during power transmission without increasing the size of the apparatus.
- the power transmission system of the present invention is configured as follows. (1) In a power transmission system including a power transmission device including a power transmission coil and a power reception device including a power reception coil,
- the power transmission device includes a power transmission device-side resonance capacitor that constitutes a power transmission device-side resonance circuit together with the power transmission coil, and a switch that is electrically connected to the power transmission coil and includes a parallel connection circuit of a switch element, a diode, and a capacitor.
- the power receiving device includes a power receiving device side resonance capacitor that forms a power receiving device side resonance circuit together with the power receiving coil, and a power receiving device side rectifier circuit that is connected to the power receiving coil and rectifies an alternating current generated in the power receiving coil.
- An electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit is configured by a mutual inductance and a mutual capacitance that are equivalently formed between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil, and the power transmission device side resonance circuit and the power reception device side resonance circuit resonate.
- Power is transmitted from the power transmitting device to the power receiving device,
- the energy reflected from the power transmission device without being transmitted is stored as resonance energy in the power transmission device side resonance circuit, Of the energy received by the power receiving device, the energy reflected without being supplied to the output is stored as resonance energy in the power receiving device side resonance circuit.
- the power transmission device includes a power transmission device-side resonance capacitor that constitutes a power transmission device-side resonance circuit together with the power transmission coil, and a switch that is electrically connected to the power transmission coil and includes a parallel connection circuit of a switch element, a diode, and a capacitor.
- the power receiving device includes a power receiving device side resonance capacitor that forms a power receiving device side resonance circuit together with the power receiving coil, and a power receiving device side rectifier circuit that is connected to the power receiving coil and rectifies an alternating current generated in the power receiving coil.
- a magnetic resonance coupling circuit is configured by a mutual inductance formed equivalently between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil, and the power transmission device side resonance circuit and the power reception device side resonance circuit resonate to form the power transmission device.
- Power is transmitted to the power receiving device from The energy reflected from the power transmission device without being transmitted is stored as resonance energy in the power transmission device side resonance circuit, Of the energy received by the power receiving device, the energy reflected without being supplied to the output is stored as resonance energy in the power receiving device side resonance circuit.
- the power transmission device includes a power transmission device side resonance inductor that forms a power transmission device side resonance circuit together with a power transmission device side resonance capacitor, and a parallel connection circuit of a switch element, a diode, and a capacitor that is electrically connected to the power transmission coil.
- a power transmission device side alternating current generating circuit for generating alternating current to flow includes a power receiving device side resonance inductor that forms a power receiving device side resonance circuit together with the power receiving device side resonance capacitor, and a power receiving device side rectifier circuit that is connected to the power receiving coil and rectifies an alternating current generated in the power receiving coil.
- An electric field resonance coupling circuit is configured by a mutual capacitance formed equivalently between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil, and the power transmission device side resonance circuit and the power reception device side resonance circuit resonate to form the power transmission device.
- Power is transmitted to the power receiving device from The energy reflected from the power transmission device without being transmitted is stored as resonance energy in the power transmission device side resonance circuit, Of the energy received by the power receiving device, the energy reflected without being supplied to the output is stored as resonance energy in the power receiving device side resonance circuit.
- the power reception device includes an information transmission circuit that detects output information of the power reception device side rectifier circuit and transmits the output information to the power transmission device side,
- the power transmission device preferably includes an output information receiving circuit that receives the output information, and a transmission power control circuit that controls the transmission power by controlling the power transmission device-side alternating current generation circuit according to the output information.
- the information transmission circuit is a circuit that transmits the output information by wireless communication
- the output information receiving circuit is a circuit that receives the output information by wireless communication.
- the information transmission circuit is a circuit that converts the electrical signal into an optical signal and transmits the output information
- the output information receiving circuit is a circuit that receives the output information by converting an optical signal into an electric signal.
- the power transmission device side alternating current generation circuit may be configured to control transmission power by frequency control PFM (PulseulFrequency Modulation) that changes a switching frequency for turning on / off the switch circuit.
- PFM PulseulFrequency Modulation
- the power transmission device side alternating current generating circuit is ideally configured to generate a resonance current waveform by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) which controls the time ratio by turning on / off the switch circuit at a fixed switching frequency.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- the transmission power may be controlled by distorting the sine wave.
- the power receiving device side rectifier circuit is preferably a synchronous rectifier circuit including a switch element.
- the power receiving device preferably includes an operating frequency control circuit that controls an operating frequency (switching frequency) of the synchronous rectifier circuit, and is configured to control received power according to the operating frequency.
- the power receiving device includes a control circuit that controls a circuit on the power receiving device side, and the control circuit is configured to operate with electric power received by the power receiving device.
- the power receiving device side rectifier circuit acts as the power transmitting device side AC current generating circuit, and the power transmitting device side AC current generating circuit is It preferably functions as a power receiving device side rectifier circuit, and thus can transmit power in both directions.
- a resonance capacitor is provided in parallel with the power transmission coil or the power reception coil.
- the resonant capacitor is configured by a stray capacitance that is equivalent to an electric capacitance formed by electric field resonance formed between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil.
- the resonant capacitor is composed of an equivalent mutual capacitance formed between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil.
- the power transmission coil and the power reception coil are air-core inductors.
- the mutual inductance is an equivalent excitation inductance generated by magnetic resonance coupling formed between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil.
- inductance components of the power transmission coil or the power reception coil it is preferable to use a leakage inductance that does not participate in resonance coupling as an inductor constituting the power transmission device side resonance circuit or the power reception device side resonance circuit.
- the power transmission device-side alternating current generation circuit includes a plurality of the power transmission coils and the switch circuits, and is configured such that the power transmission coils and the switch circuits are electrically connected to each other. Therefore, it is preferable to sequentially perform the switching operation.
- the power transmission device-side AC current generation circuit includes a plurality of the switch circuits, and is configured by electrically connecting the plurality of switch circuits to the power transmission coil. It is preferable to perform switching operations sequentially.
- both the power transmission device side and the power reception device side are provided with LC resonance circuits, and the two LC resonance circuits are resonated, so that a magnetic field or an electric field or both resonance couplings are established between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil. It can be used for power transmission.
- the resonance phenomenon only the active power is transmitted from the power transmission device side to the power reception device side, and the reactive power reflected without being transmitted is circulated in the respective LC resonance circuits on the power transmission device side and the power reception device side. Therefore, since it is stored as resonance energy, power loss can be made extremely small.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a power transmission system 111 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a voltage / current waveform diagram of each part of the power transmission system 111 shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3A is a circuit diagram of a multiple resonance circuit including the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit 90 shown in FIG. 1 and an electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit composed of resonance capacitors Cr and Crs.
- FIG. 3B is an equivalent circuit diagram thereof.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 112 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 113 according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 114 of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 115 of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 116 of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 117 of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 118 of the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 119 of the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 120 of the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 121 of the eleventh embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 122 of the twelfth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 123 of the thirteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of a power transmission system 123A which is another configuration example of the thirteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 124 of the fourteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 125 of the fifteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 126 of the sixteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 127 of the seventeenth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 128 according to the eighteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 129 of the nineteenth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 130 of the twentieth embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is an example of a power transmission coil and a power reception coil used in the power transmission system of the twenty-first embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating the frequency characteristics of the impedance of the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit including the load in the power transmission system according to the twenty-second embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a voltage-current waveform diagram of each part of the power transmission system according to the twenty-second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a power transmission system 111 according to the first embodiment.
- the power transmission system 111 includes a power transmission device PSU and a power reception device PRU.
- the power transmission system 111 is a system that includes an input power source Vi at the input unit of the power transmission device PSU and supplies stable DC energy to the load Ro of the power reception device PRU.
- the power transmission device PSU is connected to the power transmission coil Lp, the power transmission device-side resonance capacitors Cr and Cp that constitute the power transmission device-side resonance circuit together with the power transmission coil Lp, and the switch element Q1, the diode Dds1, and the capacitor Cds1 in parallel.
- An inductor Lf having an inductance value large enough to generate a current source that can be regarded as a direct current relative to an alternating current flowing through the power transmission coil Lp from the switch circuit S1 configured by the connection circuit and the input direct current voltage.
- a power transmission device side AC current generation circuit (Lf, S1, Cr, Cp, Lp) for generating an AC current flowing through the power transmission coil Lp.
- the inductance value of the inductor Lf is sufficiently larger than the inductance value of the power transmission coil Lp, becomes high impedance at the switching frequency, and the fluctuation of the flowing current is sufficiently small.
- the power receiving device PRU is connected to the power receiving device side resonance capacitors Crs and Cs, which together with the power receiving coil Ls and the power receiving coil Ls constitute a power receiving device side resonance circuit, and the power receiving coil Ls, and rectifies the alternating current generated in the power receiving coil Ls.
- the switch circuit S2 includes a switch element Q2, a diode and a capacitor connected in parallel.
- the power transmission device PSU is provided with a switching control circuit 10 that controls the switch element Q1.
- the power receiving device PRU is provided with a switching control circuit 20 and a transmission control circuit 50 for controlling the switch element Q2.
- the transmission control circuit 50 receives a switching control signal (synchronization signal) for the switching element Q1 from the switching control circuit 10 and generates a control signal to be given to the switching control circuit 10 in order to control the received power of the power receiving device PRU. .
- the switching control circuit 10 and the transmission control circuit 50 are transmitted in an electrically insulated state by the signal transmission means 30.
- the power transmission coil Lp, the power reception coil Ls, and the resonance capacitors Cp and Cs constitute an electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit 90.
- the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit 90 and the resonance capacitors Cr and Crs constitute a double resonance circuit 40.
- the characteristic configuration and operation of the power transmission system 111 are as follows.
- a power transmission system using a power transmission coil Lp and a power reception coil Ls (1) A power transmission system using a power transmission coil Lp and a power reception coil Ls.
- a ZVS (zero voltage switching) operation is performed in the switching element by performing a switching operation by setting the switching frequency higher than the resonance frequency of the multiple resonance circuit including the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls. It is possible.
- the power is transmitted when the switching frequency fs and the LC double resonance circuit (Lr-Cr, Lrs-Crs) resonate and resonate. Electric power is transmitted by a resonance phenomenon in the resonance circuit of the power transmission / reception circuit.
- the output is detected, information is transmitted to the power transmission device side using a feedback circuit, and the transmission power is adjusted by controlling the power transmission device side alternating current generation circuit.
- the output information is transmitted to the power transmission device using a wireless communication device in the feedback circuit.
- the transmission power is controlled by frequency control PFM (PulsePFrequency Modulation) by changing the switching frequency.
- PFM PulsePFrequency Modulation
- the transmission power is controlled by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control that controls the on-time ratio of the switch element.
- the power receiving device side can operate the control circuit with the received power.
- the switching frequency can be switched between the forward direction and the reverse direction, and the transmission power is controlled by selecting an appropriate switching frequency in each of the forward direction and the reverse direction. It is possible to prevent malfunctions in power transmission.
- a leakage inductance that is not involved in coupling is used as an inductor constituting the power transmission device side resonance circuit or the power reception device side resonance circuit.
- the capacitor provided in parallel with the power transmission coil Lp or the power reception coil Ls can be matched with the mutual capacitance formed between the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls.
- Power can be transmitted efficiently by forming electromagnetic resonance coupling using a magnetic material such as ferrite in the magnetic path formed by the power transmission coil and the power reception coil.
- the operation of the power transmission system 111 shown in FIG. 1 is as follows.
- the power transmission device side alternating current generation circuit causes an alternating current to flow through the power transmission coil Lp.
- the switch element Q2 is turned on / off under the control of the switching control circuit 20
- a voltage is induced in the power receiving coil Ls to rectify the flowing current into a direct current.
- the switching control circuit 20 receives a switching control signal (synchronization signal) for the switch element Q1 from the switching control circuit 10 via the transmission control circuit 50, and performs synchronous rectification control of the switch element Q2.
- switch elements having parasitic output capacitances and parasitic diodes such as MOSFETs are used as the switch elements Q1 and Q2, and the parasitic output capacitances and parasitic diodes are used.
- the transmission control circuit 50 detects an output (voltage, current, or power) to the load Ro, and transmits feedback information to the power transmission apparatus PSU side via the signal transmission means 30.
- a portion surrounded by a thick broken line constitutes an electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit 90
- a portion surrounded by a thin broken line constitutes a multiple resonance circuit 40.
- the parameter M1 shown in FIG. 1 indicates the mutual coefficient of magnetic resonance coupling, that is, the presence of mutual inductance
- Mc indicates the mutual coefficient of electric field resonance coupling, that is, the presence of mutual capacitance.
- the mutual coefficient M as the electromagnetic resonance coupling is configured by combining the mutual inductance Ml and the mutual capacitance Mc.
- the double resonance circuit 40 including the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit 90 resonates with two LC resonance circuits on the power transmission device side and the power reception device side.
- a power transmission device side resonance circuit is configured by the resonance capacitor Cr of the power transmission device PSU and an equivalent resonance inductor (Lr: this Lr will be described later in an equivalent circuit) connected in series to the resonance capacitor Cr.
- a power reception device side resonance circuit is configured by the resonance capacitor Crs of the power reception device PRU and an equivalent inductance connected in series (Lrs: this Lrs will be described later with an equivalent circuit).
- the resonance circuit on the power transmission device side and the resonance circuit on the power reception device resonate to resonate each other, and two resonance couplings of a magnetic field due to mutual inductance and an electric field due to mutual capacitance between the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls. Thus, power transmission is performed.
- the capacitors Cp and Cs promote power transmission by electromagnetic resonance coupling. That is, the capacitors Cp and Cs and the mutual capacitance (Cm), which will be shown later as an equivalent circuit, constitute a power transmission circuit based on ⁇ -type electric field resonance coupling to transmit power.
- the mutual capacitance Cm constitutes a power transmission circuit by electric field resonance coupling with the resonance capacitors Cr and Crs.
- Both the resonant capacitors Cr and Crs also serve as capacitors for holding a DC voltage or blocking a DC current.
- the resonance capacitor Cr is charged during the ON period of the switch element Q1, and the resonance capacitor Cr is discharged during the OFF period of the switch element Q1.
- energy is supplied to the load Ro while discharging the resonant capacitor Crs by adding the voltage of the resonant capacitor Crs to the voltage generated in the power receiving coil Ls when the switch element Q2 is turned on.
- the generated voltage charges the resonant capacitor Crs via the inductor Lfs to store electrostatic energy. That is, the voltage of the power receiving coil Ls generated during the conduction period of the switch element Q2 or Q1 is added to output energy to the load Ro.
- the two resonance circuits on the power transmission device side and the power reception device side resonate at the switching frequency fs of the switch element Q1.
- the double resonance circuit 40 includes two resonance circuits including the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit 90 on the power transmission device side and the power reception device side.
- the double resonance circuit 40 has a resonance frequency fr in which the reactance of the combined impedance of the double resonance circuit 40 is close to 0 and the size of the combined impedance is the smallest, and the switching frequency fs and the resonance frequency fr approach each other to resonate. As a result, the current flowing through each of the two resonance circuits increases, and the output power increases.
- the switch element is turned on / off at a switching frequency fs higher than the resonance frequency fr of the entire double resonance circuit 40 that combines the power transmission device side resonance circuit including the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit and the power reception device side resonance circuit,
- the switching frequency fs approaches the resonance frequency fr and resonates, the current flowing into the multiple resonance circuit increases, and the output power increases.
- the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit 90 is configured by the mutual inductance and the mutual capacitance formed equivalently between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil, and the power transmission device side resonance circuit and the power reception device side resonance circuit resonate. Then, power is transmitted from the power transmission device to the power reception device.
- energy (reactive power) reflected without being transmitted from the power transmission device is stored as resonance energy in the power transmission device-side resonance circuit.
- the energy (reactive power) reflected without being supplied to the output among the energy received by the power receiving apparatus is also stored as resonance energy in the power receiving apparatus side resonance circuit.
- reflected power that does not become transmitted power with respect to incident power can be stored as resonance energy without causing energy loss.
- FIG. 2 is a voltage-current waveform diagram of each part of the power transmission system 111 shown in FIG. With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the operation
- the resonance current is rectified by the synchronous rectification switch element Q2, the rectified and smoothed current is supplied to the load, and electric power is transmitted.
- the resonance current is rectified by the synchronous rectification switch element Q2, the rectified and smoothed current is supplied to the load, and electric power is transmitted.
- the resonance current is rectified by the synchronous rectification switch element Q2, the rectified and smoothed current is supplied to the load, and electric power is transmitted.
- FIG. 3A is a circuit diagram of the multiple resonance circuit 40 including the equivalent electromagnetic resonance coupling composed of the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit 90 and the resonance capacitors Cr and Crs shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3B is an equivalent circuit diagram thereof.
- the mutual inductance Lm is shown as an equivalent inductor that transmits electric power by magnetic resonance coupling between the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls
- the mutual capacitance Cm is electric field resonance coupling between the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls. Is shown as an equivalent capacitor for transmitting power.
- the input current iac in (t) to the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit can be approximately expressed by the following equation where the amplitude of the resonance current is Iac.
- iacin (t) Iacsin ( ⁇ st)
- ⁇ s 2 ⁇ / Ts
- a sine wave current iac in (t) is applied between the terminals 1-1 ′.
- a current including each frequency component tends to flow between the terminals 1-1 ′, but the current waveform of a higher-order frequency component whose impedance is increased by the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit is cut and a resonance operation is performed. Only the resonance current waveform of the switching frequency component mainly flows, and power can be transmitted efficiently.
- a power transmission system that directly supplies power to a distant place can be configured, and a plurality of power conversion mechanisms can be reduced and a very simple configuration can be achieved. Can be achieved.
- a leakage inductance that does not participate in resonance coupling can be used as an equivalent inductor constituting the power transmission device side resonance circuit or the power reception device side resonance circuit. This eliminates the need for a resonant inductor component, thereby reducing the size and weight of the power transmission system device.
- Each of the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls forms an equivalent capacitor by electric field resonance, and can be used as a resonance capacitor. This eliminates the need for a capacitance component, thereby reducing the size and weight.
- a ZVS (zero voltage switching) operation is performed in the switching element by setting the switching frequency to be higher than the resonance frequency of the multi-resonance circuit including the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls. , Switching loss can be reduced.
- the output power can be adjusted on the power transmission device side by being electrically insulated.
- the output power can be adjusted on the power transmission device side by being electrically insulated.
- Resonance current amplitude by frequency control PFM Pulse Frequency Modulation
- the transmission power can be controlled by changing the power, and the power can be supplied appropriately according to the request of the electronic device to appropriately operate.
- the waveform of the resonant current is distorted with respect to an ideal sine wave by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control that controls the power by fixing the switching frequency and controlling the on-time ratio of the switch element.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- the transmission power can be controlled, and the electric power can be supplied appropriately according to the request of the electronic device to be appropriately operated.
- the use frequency band can be limited by using a fixed switching frequency, and EMC countermeasures are facilitated. Also, the controllability for controlling the output can be improved.
- a synchronous rectification circuit using a switching element having a small on-resistance on the power receiving device side can reduce rectification loss as compared with a case where a diode having a large forward voltage drop is used.
- the operation of the synchronous rectifier circuit on the power receiving apparatus side can be controlled, and the transmission power on the power receiving apparatus side, not the power transmitting apparatus side, can be adjusted by controlling the operating frequency of the synchronous rectifier circuit on the power receiving apparatus side. It becomes possible.
- the power receiving device side can operate the control circuit with the received power. There is no need to provide a power source on the power receiving apparatus side, and the apparatus can be reduced in size and weight.
- power can be transmitted from the power receiving device side to the power transmitting device side, or the received power can be transmitted to another location using the power receiving device side as a relay point. . It can also be used as a relay system, and long-distance power transmission becomes possible by preparing and relaying a plurality of this apparatus.
- the switching frequency can be switched for each direction in which power is desired to be transmitted, such as the forward direction and the reverse direction, and directivity and authentication can be performed to appropriately transmit power.
- a specific location is set for each switching frequency, and power can be transmitted to a location suitable for the purpose. Therefore, by switching the switching frequency, it is possible to prevent crosstalk of power transmission and transmit power to a target remote place.
- the capacitor provided in parallel with the power transmission coil or the power reception coil can match the mutual capacitance formed between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil, and can transmit power by setting an appropriate resonance frequency.
- the capacitor provided in parallel with the power transmission coil or the power reception coil can form an efficient electric field resonance coupling circuit by matching with the mutual capacitance formed between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil. it can. Electric power can be transmitted more efficiently than when only magnetic resonance coupling is used.
- the switching control circuit 20 receives the synchronization signal from the transmission control circuit 50. However, the induced voltage of the power receiving coil Ls is detected and the switch element Q2 is driven in synchronization with this. May be.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 112. Unlike the power transmission system 111 shown in FIG. 1, mutual inductances Lmp and Lms, which are equivalent inductances involved in magnetic resonance coupling between the power transmission coil Lp and the power receiving coil Ls, and equivalent inductances not involved in magnetic resonance coupling. Certain leakage inductances Lr and Lrs are clearly shown. In addition, mutual capacitances Cm1 and Cm2 and leakage capacitances Cpp and Css, which are equivalent capacitances not involved in electric field resonance coupling, are also shown.
- inductances Lmp, Lms, Lr, Lrs and capacitances Cm1, Cm2, Cpp, Css are constituted by an equivalent inductor of the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls, or an equivalent capacitance of the resonance capacitor Cp and the resonance capacitor Cs. Alternatively, it may be constituted by a single electronic component, or may be synthesized with an equivalent inductance and an equivalent capacitance.
- a switch element Q4 is provided instead of the inductor Lfs.
- the switch elements Q3 and Q4 on the power receiving apparatus side are alternately rectified by being switched alternately with a dead time by a switching control circuit provided on the power receiving apparatus side.
- This power transmission system 112 has the following effects.
- the leakage inductance that is not involved in the resonance coupling is used as a resonance inductor constituting the power transmission device side resonance circuit or the power reception device side resonance circuit, thereby eliminating the need for a resonant inductor component.
- the power transmission system device can be reduced in size and weight.
- a leakage capacitance that does not participate in resonance coupling is used as a resonance capacitor constituting the power transmission device side resonance circuit or the power reception device side resonance circuit. Accordingly, the components of the resonant capacitor can be eliminated or reduced, and the power transmission system device can be reduced in size and weight.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 113.
- the mutual capacitance Cm1 that is an equivalent capacitance involved in the electric field resonance coupling between the resonance capacitor Cp on the power transmission device side and the resonance capacitor Cs on the power reception device side.
- Cm2 and leakage capacitances Cpp and Css which are equivalent capacitances not involved in electric field resonance coupling.
- the electric field resonance coupling circuit 92 is formed in the power transmission system 113, the number of parts is smaller than that in the case of forming the electromagnetic field resonance coupling circuit, and the circuit can be configured with a simple circuit, and the following effects are obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 114 of the fourth embodiment.
- a rectifier diode D1 is provided on the power receiving apparatus side instead of the switch element Q2 that is a synchronous rectifier element. That is, the diode D1 constitutes a power receiving device side rectifier circuit.
- the power receiving device PRU can be simply configured. Further, the rectifier diode D1 passes a current only in the forward direction, and no negative current flows through the power receiving device side rectifier circuit as compared with the power transmission system 111 of the first embodiment. For this reason, there is no current regenerated from the output side, the current circulating through the power receiving device side resonance circuit is reduced, and the conduction loss can be reduced.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 115 of the fifth embodiment.
- the first embodiment differs from the power transmission system shown in FIG. 1 in the configuration on the power receiving device PRU side.
- the center tap rectifier circuit is configured by the power receiving coils Ls1 and Ls2, the diodes D3 and D4, and the capacitor Co.
- the configuration of the power transmission device PSU is the same as that shown in the first embodiment.
- resonant capacitors Crsa and Crsb are configured by stray capacitances or single capacitors generated in the power receiving coils Ls1 and Ls2.
- This power transmission system 115 uses two power receiving coils Ls1 and Ls2 and two rectifier diodes D3 and D4, so that the loss on the power receiving device side can be dispersed and the power loss can be reduced. Also, the number of rectifying elements is small compared to bridge rectification. In addition, since the parallel resonance circuit is configured on the power receiving device side, the voltage gain can be increased as compared with the case of the series resonance circuit configuration.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 116 of the sixth embodiment. Unlike the power transmission system shown in FIG. 7 in the fifth embodiment, in this example, a resonance capacitor Crs is provided on the power receiving device PRU side. By configuring the series resonance circuit on the power receiving device side in this manner, the current gain can be increased as compared with the case where the parallel resonance circuit is configured.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 117 of the seventh embodiment.
- the first embodiment differs from the power transmission system shown in FIG. 1 in the configuration on the power receiving device PRU side.
- a bridge rectifier circuit is connected to the power receiving coil Ls by diodes D3, D4, D7, D8 and a capacitor Co.
- the configuration of the power transmission device PSU is the same as that shown in the first embodiment.
- a resonant capacitor Crs (a capacitor corresponding to Cs in FIG. 1) is configured by a stray capacitance generated in the power receiving coil Ls or a single capacitor.
- the withstand voltage of the rectifying element can be reduced as compared with the current transmission system shown in FIG. 8 in the sixth embodiment.
- the voltage gain can be increased as compared with the case of the series resonance circuit configuration.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 118 of the eighth embodiment.
- the position of the resonant capacitor Crs is different from that of the power transmission system shown in FIG. 9 in the seventh embodiment. For this reason, electromagnetic resonance operation can be performed at a predetermined resonance frequency by the capacitor Crs.
- the current gain can be increased by configuring the series resonant circuit on the power receiving device side as compared with the case of configuring the parallel resonant circuit.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 119 of the ninth embodiment.
- a rectification circuit having a bridge rectification configuration using four switch elements Qs1, Qs2, Qs3, and Qs4 is provided on the power receiving device PRU side.
- the voltages applied to the switch elements Qs1, Qs2, Qs3, and Qs4 on the power receiving device PRU side are each halved compared to the first to eighth embodiments. Loss at can be reduced.
- the rectification loss can be reduced by the synchronous rectification circuit as compared with the power transmission system shown in the eighth embodiment. Further, the breakdown voltage of the rectifying switch element can be reduced by the bridge configuration. In addition, since it is a rectifier circuit using switch elements, bidirectional power transmission is possible. Furthermore, it is possible to perform an electromagnetic resonance operation at a predetermined resonance frequency using the resonance capacitor Crs.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 120 of the tenth embodiment.
- a rectifier circuit including two diodes D1 and D2 is provided on the power receiving device PRU side.
- the configuration on the power receiving device PRU side can be simplified as compared with the ninth embodiment. Further, since the rectifier circuit is a passive circuit, a circuit for driving and controlling the rectifier circuit becomes unnecessary.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 121 of the eleventh embodiment.
- capacitors Cr1 and Cr2 for dividing the voltage of the input power source Vi and capacitors Crs1 and Crs2 for dividing the output voltage Vo are provided. That is, the resonance capacitor Cr in the power transmission system shown in the first embodiment is divided into Cr1 and Cr2, and the resonance capacitor Crs is divided into Crs1 and Crs2.
- the leakage inductances of the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls are clearly shown as resonance inductors Lr and Lrs. Others are the same as those shown in FIG. 1 in the first embodiment.
- the resonance frequency can be arbitrarily set, and the resonance operation becomes easy.
- the capacitors Cr1 and Cr2 and the capacitors Crs1 and Crs2 play both roles of holding a DC voltage or blocking a DC current and acting as a series resonance capacitor.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 122 of the twelfth embodiment.
- power transmission is performed by supplying a voltage generated in the capacitor Crs on the power receiving device side to the load.
- the voltage supplied to the load is high compared to the configuration in which the current flowing through the capacitor on the power receiving device side is supplied to the load and the power supplied to the load is high, It becomes possible to perform power transmission efficiently.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 123 of the thirteenth embodiment.
- a push-pull circuit including two FETs Q1 and Q2 is configured on the power transmission device side.
- by switching the two FETs Q1 and Q2 alternately it is possible to form an electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit having a double frequency equivalently.
- FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of a power transmission system 123A, which is a configuration example different from the thirteenth embodiment.
- a plurality of FETs Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are included on the power transmission device side.
- an electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit having a frequency equivalent to four times the switching frequency of one stone can be formed. That is, an n-times high frequency electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit can be formed equivalently by using an n-stone FET.
- the coil can be made smaller or a capacitance with a small capacity can be used, so that the power transmission system can be reduced in size.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 124 of the fourteenth embodiment.
- a magnetic material such as ferrite is used in the magnetic path forming the electromagnetic resonance coupling.
- the degree of magnetic coupling is increased by using a magnetic material, and the power transmission efficiency can be increased. Moreover, electromagnetic waves (magnetic flux and electric flux) emitted into the space can be suppressed by ferrite.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 125 of the fifteenth embodiment.
- a magnetic material such as ferrite is used in the magnetic path forming the electromagnetic resonance coupling.
- the use of a magnetic material increases the degree of magnetic coupling and can increase power transmission efficiency.
- electromagnetic waves (magnetic flux and electric flux) emitted into the space can be suppressed by ferrite.
- FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 126 of the sixteenth embodiment.
- the power transmission device PSU is provided with two resonance capacitors Cr1 and Cr2
- the power reception device PRU is provided with two resonance capacitors Crs1 and Crs2.
- a rectification circuit having a bridge rectification configuration including four switch elements Qs1, Qs2, Qs3, and Qs4 is provided on the power receiving device PRU side.
- the power transmission coil Lp of the power transmission device PSU and the power reception coil Ls of the power reception device PRU are coils each having a magnetic core such as ferrite. Therefore, the use of a magnetic material increases the degree of magnetic coupling and can increase power transmission efficiency. Moreover, electromagnetic waves (magnetic flux and electric flux) emitted into the space can be suppressed by ferrite.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 127 of the seventeenth embodiment.
- the power transmission system 127 includes a plurality of power transmission / reception devices PSU / PRU1, PSU / PRU2, PSU / PRU3, and PSU / PRU4 capable of bidirectional power transmission.
- the second power transmission / reception device PSU / PRU2 that forms an electromagnetic resonance coupling correspondingly acts as a power reception device. Accordingly, power is transmitted from the first power transmitting / receiving device PSU / PRU1 to the second power transmitting / receiving device PSU / PRU2.
- the load Ro of the second power transmission / reception device PSU / PRU2 includes a rechargeable battery and a charging circuit thereof.
- the third power transmitting / receiving device PSU / PRU3 corresponds to the second power transmitting / receiving device PSU / PRU2, and when the second power transmitting / receiving device PSU / PRU2 functions as a power transmitting device, the third power transmitting / receiving device PSU / PRU3.
- the PRU 3 functions as a power receiving device.
- the second power transmission / reception device PSU / PRU2 uses the rechargeable battery as a power source.
- load Ro2 of 3rd power transmission / reception apparatus PSU / PRU3 is provided with a charging battery and its charging circuit.
- the fourth power transmission / reception device PSU / PRU4 corresponds to the third power transmission / reception device PSU / PRU3.
- the third power transmission / reception device PSU / PRU3 functions as a power transmission device
- the fourth power transmission / reception device PSU / PRU / The PRU 4 functions as a power receiving device.
- the third power transmission / reception device PSU / PRU3 uses the rechargeable battery as a power source.
- load Ro3 of 4th power transmission / reception apparatus PSU / PRU4 is a charging battery and its charging circuit.
- the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit of the plurality of power receiving devices is made different and the power transmission device side is configured to perform the switching operation at the switching frequency according to the power transmission destination, Power can be selectively transmitted to the power receiving apparatus.
- the switching frequency by switching the switching frequency according to the power transmission direction of the power transmission / reception device, it is possible to transmit power in the direction (location) that meets the purpose for each switching frequency. That is, by performing control such as switching the switching frequency, it is possible to select an appropriate electronic device or transmit power to an appropriate direction or place to prevent crosstalk of power transmission.
- FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 128 according to the eighteenth embodiment.
- a plurality of resonators are installed between the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls4.
- the first relay LC resonance circuit is configured by the power receiving coil (inductor) Ls1 and the capacitor Cs1
- the second relay LC resonance circuit is configured by the power receiving coil (inductor) Ls2 and the capacitor Cs2.
- the power receiving coil (inductor) Ls3 and the capacitor Cs3 constitute a third relay LC resonance circuit.
- FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 129 of the nineteenth embodiment.
- helical coils are used for the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls, and central power feeding is performed. Therefore, the helical coil on the power transmission device side has an equivalent inductance L (Lp) and an equivalent capacitance C (Lp), and constitutes a resonance circuit.
- the helical coil on the power receiving device side has an inductance L (Ls) and a capacitance C (Ls), and constitutes a resonance circuit.
- the two helical coils have substantially the same winding axis (substantially coaxial), so that an electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit is formed between the helical coils.
- Other configurations are the same as those shown in the first embodiment.
- power transmission can be performed mainly by electromagnetic resonance coupling using a helically fed helical coil.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of the power transmission system 130 of the twentieth embodiment.
- helical coils are used for the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls.
- a resonance capacitor Cr is provided on the power transmission device side, and a resonance capacitor Crs is provided on the power reception device side. Therefore, a resonance circuit is constituted by the inductance L (Lp) of the power transmission coil Lp by the helical coil on the power transmission device side and the resonance capacitor Cr.
- the resonance circuit resonates with the inductance L (Ls) of the power reception coil by the helical coil on the power reception device side.
- a resonance circuit is constituted by the capacitor Crs.
- the two helical coils have substantially the same winding axis (substantially coaxial), so that a magnetic resonance coupling circuit is formed between the helical coils. Other configurations are the same as those shown in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is an example of a power transmission coil and a power reception coil used in the power transmission system of the twenty-first embodiment.
- meander line coils are used for the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls, respectively. And each is centrally fed. Therefore, the power transmission coil Lp has an equivalent inductance L (Lp) and an equivalent capacitance C (Lp), and constitutes a resonance circuit.
- the power receiving coil Ls has an inductance L (Ls) and a capacitance C (Ls), and constitutes a resonance circuit.
- the two coils mainly form electric field resonance coupling. Therefore, power transmission can be performed mainly by electric field resonance coupling using the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls.
- both ends of the meander line coil may be connected to a circuit so that the inductance of the meander line coil is mainly used. That is, the power transmission system may be configured by connecting the power transmission coil Lp and the power reception coil Ls in the same manner as in the example shown in FIG.
- the circuit configuration is as shown in FIG.
- the switching frequency slightly higher than the resonance frequency at which the reactance of the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit including the load connected to the power receiving circuit is 0
- the impedance of the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit including the load is inductive. It becomes reactance.
- the phase of the current (ir) flowing into the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit is delayed from the fundamental wave of the voltage (vds1) of the switch element.
- a reverse diode in parallel with the switch element (Q1) conducts to realize the ZVS operation.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the impedance of the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit including the load.
- the resonance frequency fo of the resonance circuit on the power transmission device side and the power reception device side is 30.78 MHz.
- dx the distance between the power transmission coil and the power reception coil
- dx 0.5 m
- the degree of coupling between the two resonance circuits is high, so that the resonance frequency is split and two resonance states (bimodal) ).
- this frequency band is used.
- the impedance of the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit including the load is inductive reactance in a frequency region higher than the lower frequency fr1 of the two resonance frequencies and lower than the natural resonance frequency fr. Use bandwidth.
- the distance dx 0.6 m or more, since the impedance of the electromagnetic resonance coupling circuit including the load becomes inductive reactance in a frequency region higher than the frequency fr, this frequency band is used.
- FIG. 26 is a voltage-current waveform diagram of each part of the power transmission system of this embodiment.
- the circuit configuration is that shown in FIG. 1 in the first embodiment.
- movement in each state in a switching period is shown below.
- the resonance current is rectified by the synchronous rectification switch element Q2, the rectified and smoothed current is supplied to the load, and electric power is transmitted.
- switch element Q1 is turned off, state 2 is entered.
- the voltage vds approaches 0V immediately before the switch element Q1 is turned on, and the current id1 starts to flow from 0A at the turn-on timing. Since the switching element Q1 performs the ZVS operation, switching loss and switching noise can be greatly reduced. Further, since the diode Dds1 of the switch circuit S1 is not conducted, conduction loss is also reduced.
Abstract
Description
(1)送電コイルを備えた送電装置と、受電コイルを備えた受電装置とで構成される電力伝送システムにおいて、
前記送電装置は、前記送電コイルとともに送電装置側共振回路を構成する送電装置側共振キャパシタと、前記送電コイルに電気的に接続されて、スイッチ素子、ダイオードおよびキャパシタの並列接続回路で構成されたスイッチ回路、ならびに入力される直流電圧から、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流に比較して相対的に直流電流とみなせる電流源を生成できる大きさのインダクタンス値をもつインダクタを備え、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流を発生する送電装置側交流電流発生回路と、を備え、
前記受電装置は、前記受電コイルとともに受電装置側共振回路を構成する受電装置側共振キャパシタと、前記受電コイルに接続されて、該受電コイルに生じる交流電流を整流する受電装置側整流回路と、を備え、
前記送電コイルと受電コイルとの間に等価的に形成される相互インダクタンスおよび相互キャパシタンスで電磁界共鳴結合回路が構成されて、前記送電装置側共振回路と前記受電装置側共振回路とが共鳴して、前記送電装置から前記受電装置へ電力が伝送され、
前記送電装置から送電されずに反射したエネルギーは前記送電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存され、
前記受電装置が受電したエネルギーのうち出力に供給されずに反射したエネルギーは前記受電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存されることを特徴とする。
前記送電装置は、前記送電コイルとともに送電装置側共振回路を構成する送電装置側共振キャパシタと、前記送電コイルに電気的に接続されて、スイッチ素子、ダイオードおよびキャパシタの並列接続回路で構成されたスイッチ回路、ならびに入力される直流電圧から、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流に比較して相対的に直流電流とみなせる電流源を生成できる大きさのインダクタンス値をもつインダクタを備え、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流を発生する送電装置側交流電流発生回路と、を備え、
前記受電装置は、前記受電コイルとともに受電装置側共振回路を構成する受電装置側共振キャパシタと、前記受電コイルに接続されて、該受電コイルに生じる交流電流を整流する受電装置側整流回路と、を備え、
前記送電コイルと受電コイルとの間に等価的に形成される相互インダクタンスで磁界共鳴結合回路が構成されて、前記送電装置側共振回路と前記受電装置側共振回路とが共鳴して、前記送電装置から前記受電装置へ電力が伝送され、
前記送電装置から送電されずに反射したエネルギーは前記送電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存され、
前記受電装置が受電したエネルギーのうち出力に供給されずに反射したエネルギーは前記受電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存されることを特徴とする。
前記送電装置は、送電装置側共振キャパシタとともに送電装置側共振回路を構成する送電装置側共振インダクタと、前記送電コイルに電気的に接続されて、スイッチ素子、ダイオードおよびキャパシタの並列接続回路で構成されたスイッチ回路、ならびに入力される直流電圧から、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流に比較して相対的に直流電流とみなせる電流源を生成できる大きさのインダクタンス値をもつインダクタを備え、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流を発生する送電装置側交流電流発生回路と、を備え、
前記受電装置は、受電装置側共振キャパシタとともに受電装置側共振回路を構成する受電装置側共振インダクタと、前記受電コイルに接続されて、該受電コイルに生じる交流電流を整流する受電装置側整流回路と、を備え、
前記送電コイルと受電コイルとの間に等価的に形成される相互キャパシタンスで電界共鳴結合回路が構成されて、前記送電装置側共振回路と前記受電装置側共振回路とが共鳴して、前記送電装置から前記受電装置へ電力が伝送され、
前記送電装置から送電されずに反射したエネルギーは前記送電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存され、
前記受電装置が受電したエネルギーのうち出力に供給されずに反射したエネルギーは前記受電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存されることを特徴とする。
前記送電装置は、前記出力情報を受信する出力情報受信回路と、前記出力情報に応じて前記送電装置側交流電流発生回路を制御して伝送電力を制御する伝送電力制御回路とを備えることが好ましい。
前記出力情報受信回路は無線通信で前記出力情報を受信する回路である。
前記出力情報受信回路は光信号を電気信号に変換して前記出力情報を受信する回路である。
図1は第1の実施形態の電力伝送システム111の回路図である。
電力伝送システム111は電力送電装置PSUと電力受電装置PRUとで構成されている。
送電装置側では、スイッチ素子Q1に流れる電流id1は負電流となり、スイッチ素子Q1およびスイッチ素子Q1の両端のダイオードDds1が導通する。送電コイルLpと共振キャパシタCr、および受電コイルLsと共振キャパシタCrsには共振電流が流れる。
スイッチ素子Q1に流れる電流id1は正電流となり、ダイオードDds1が非導通となって、スイッチ素子Q1のみに電流が流れる。送電コイルLpと共振キャパシタCr、および受電コイルLsと共振キャパシタCrsには共振電流が流れる。
スイッチ素子Q1の両端のキャパシタCdsは共振をはじめ、まずは充電されて、ピーク電圧を越えると放電する。電圧vds1が0Vになると状態4となる。
電流id1は負電流となり、ダイオードDds1が導通する。この期間においてスイッチ素子Q1をターンオンすることでZVS動作が行われる。送電コイルLpと共振キャパシタCr、および受電コイルLsと共振キャパシタCrsには共振電流が流れる。
但し、ωs=2π/Ts
端子1-1’間には正弦波電流iac in (t)が与えられる。端子1-1’間には各周波数成分を含む電流が流入しようとするが、電磁界共鳴結合回路によってインピーダンスが大きくなる高次の周波数成分の電流波形はカットされ、共鳴動作を行なうことで、主にスイッチング周波数成分の共鳴電流波形のみが流れ、効率良く電力を伝送することができる。
(1)離れた場所に直接的に給電する電力伝送システムを構成することができ、複数の電力変換機構を削減して非常に簡素に構成でき、電力伝送システム装置の高効率化、小型軽量化を図ることができる。
図4は第2の実施形態の電力伝送システムの回路図である。
図5は電力伝送システム113の回路図である。第1の実施形態で図1に示した電力伝送システム111と異なり、送電装置側の共振キャパシタCpと受電装置側の共振キャパシタCsとの電界共鳴結合に関与する等価的なキャパシタンスである相互キャパシタンスCm1、Cm2、および電界共鳴結合に関与しない等価的なキャパシタンスである漏れキャパシタンスCpp、Cssを備える。磁界共鳴結合に関与する等価的なインダクタンスである相互インダクタンスを備えていない。すなわち、電界と磁界の共鳴結合である電磁界共鳴結合回路(図1の電磁界共鳴結合回路90)ではなく、電界のみの共鳴結合である電界共鳴結合回路92を形成する。
図6は第4の実施形態の電力伝送システム114の回路図である。この例では第1の実施形態の電力伝送システム111と異なり、受電装置側に同期整流素子であるスイッチ素子Q2に代えて、整流ダイオードD1を備えている。すなわちダイオードD1で受電装置側整流回路を構成している。
図7は第5の実施形態の電力伝送システム115の回路図である。第1の実施形態で図1に示した電力伝送システムと異なるのは、受電装置PRU側の構成である。第5の実施形態では、受電コイルLs1、Ls2、ダイオードD3、D4、キャパシタCoによってセンタータップ整流回路が構成されている。送電装置PSUの構成は第1の実施形態で示したものと同様である。
図8は第6の実施形態の電力伝送システム116の回路図である。第5の実施形態で図7に示した電力伝送システムと異なり、この例では、受電装置PRU側に共振キャパシタCrsを備えている。このように受電装置側に直列共振回路を構成することにより、並列共振回路を構成した場合に比較して電流利得を大きくできる。
図9は第7の実施形態の電力伝送システム117の回路図である。第1の実施形態で図1に示した電力伝送システムと異なるのは、受電装置PRU側の構成である。第7の実施形態では、受電コイルLsに、ダイオードD3,D4,D7,D8、キャパシタCoによってブリッジ整流回路が接続されている。送電装置PSUの構成は第1の実施形態で示したものと同様である。
図10は第8の実施形態の電力伝送システム118の回路図である。第7の実施形態で図9に示した電力伝送システムとは共振キャパシタCrsの位置が異なる。このため、このキャパシタCrsによって所定の共振周波数で電磁界共鳴動作をさせることができる。
図11は第9の実施形態の電力伝送システム119の回路図である。この例では受電装置PRU側に4つのスイッチ素子Qs1,Qs2,Qs3,Qs4によるブリッジ整流構成の整流回路が設けられている。
図12は第10の実施形態の電力伝送システム120の回路図である。この例では受電装置PRU側に2つのダイオードD1,D2による整流回路を設けている。
図13は第11の実施形態の電力伝送システム121の回路図である。
この例では入力電源Viの電圧を分圧するキャパシタCr1、Cr2、および出力電圧Voを分圧するキャパシタCrs1、Crs2を備えている。すなわち、第1の実施形態で示した電力伝送システムにおける共振キャパシタCrをCr1、Cr2に分割し、共振キャパシタCrsをCrs1、Crs2に分割したものである。ここでは、送電コイルLpおよび受電コイルLsの漏れインダクタンスを共振インダクタLr、Lrsとして明示している。その他は第1の実施形態で図1に示したものと同様である。
図14は第12の実施形態の電力伝送システム122の回路図である。この例では、受電装置側のキャパシタCrsに発生する電圧を負荷に供給するようにして電力伝送を行う。図10等に示した例のように、受電装置側のキャパシタに流れる電流を負荷に供給するようにして電力伝送を行う構成に比べて、負荷に供給する電圧が高い場合に、同じ給電電力において効率よく電力伝送を行うことが可能となる。
図15は第13の実施形態の電力伝送システム123の回路図である。この例では、送電装置側に2つのFETQ1,Q2を含むプッシュプル回路を構成している。これにより、1つのFETを用いてプッシュプル構成にした場合に比べて、大きな電力を給電することが可能となる。また、2つのFETQ1,Q2が交互にスイッチング動作を行うことにより等価的に2倍の周波数の電磁界共鳴結合回路を形成することができる。
図17は第14の実施形態の電力伝送システム124の回路図である。この例は、電磁界共鳴結合を形成する磁路にフェライトなどの磁性体を用いた例である。
図18は第15の実施形態の電力伝送システム125の回路図である。この例は、電磁界共鳴結合を形成する磁路にフェライトなどの磁性体を用いた例である。この例でも磁性体を用いることで磁気結合の度合いが大きくなり、電力伝送効率を高くすることができる。また、空間に放出される電磁波(磁束と電束)をフェライトにより抑制することができる。
図19は第16の実施形態の電力伝送システム126の回路図である。この例では、送電装置PSUに二つの共振キャパシタCr1,Cr2、受電装置PRUに二つの共振キャパシタCrs1,Crs2がそれぞれ設けられている。また、受電装置PRU側に4つのスイッチ素子Qs1、Qs2、Qs3、Qs4によるブリッジ整流構成の整流回路が設けられている。
図20は第17の実施形態の電力伝送システム127の回路図である。
この電力伝送システム127は、双方向電力伝送可能な複数の送受電装置PSU/PRU1、PSU/PRU2、PSU/PRU3、PSU/PRU4を備えたシステムである。
図21は第18の実施形態の電力伝送システム128の回路図である。この例では、送電コイルLpと受電コイルLs4との間に複数の共振器を設置している。図21において、受電コイル(インダクタ)Ls1およびキャパシタCs1で第1の中継用LC共振回路が構成されていて、受電コイル(インダクタ)Ls2およびキャパシタCs2で第2の中継用LC共振回路が構成されていて、受電コイル(インダクタ)Ls3およびキャパシタCs3で第3の中継用LC共振回路が構成されている。
図22は第19の実施形態の電力伝送システム129の回路図である。この例は、送電コイルLpと受電コイルLsにヘリカルコイルを用い、それぞれ中央給電している。そのため、送電装置側のヘリカルコイルは等価的インダクタンスL(Lp)および等価的キャパシタンスC(Lp)を有し、共振回路を構成している。同様に、受電装置側のヘリカルコイルはインダクタンスL(Ls)およびキャパシタンスC(Ls)を有し、共振回路を構成している。そして、この二つのヘリカルコイルは巻回軸がほぼ揃っている(ほぼ同軸)であることにより、ヘリカルコイル間に電磁界共鳴結合回路が形成される。その他の構成は第1の実施形態で示したものと同じである。
図23は第20の実施形態の電力伝送システム130の回路図である。この例は、送電コイルLpと受電コイルLsにヘリカルコイルを用いている。また送電装置側に共振キャパシタCr、受電装置側に共振キャパシタCrsがそれぞれ設けられている。そのため、送電装置側のヘリカルコイルによる送電コイルLpのインダクタンスL(Lp)と共振キャパシタCrとで共振回路が構成され、同様に、受電装置側のヘリカルコイルによる受電コイルのインダクタンスL(Ls)と共振キャパシタCrsとで共振回路が構成されている。そして、この二つのヘリカルコイルは巻回軸がほぼ揃っている(ほぼ同軸)であることにより、ヘリカルコイル間に磁界共鳴結合回路が形成される。その他の構成は第1の実施形態で示したものと同じである。
図24は第21の実施形態の電力伝送システムで用いられる送電コイルおよび受電コイルの例である。この例では、送電コイルLpと受電コイルLsにそれぞれメアンダラインコイルを用いている。そして、それぞれ中央給電される。そのため、送電コイルLpは等価的インダクタンスL(Lp)および等価的キャパシタンスC(Lp)を有し、共振回路を構成している。同様に、受電コイルLsはインダクタンスL(Ls)およびキャパシタンスC(Ls)を有し、共振回路を構成している。そして、この二つのコイルは主に電界共鳴結合を形成している。したがって、この送電コイルLpおよび受電コイルLsを用いて、主に電界共鳴結合により電力伝送を行うことができる。
第22の実施形態では、送電装置側および受電装置側の共振回路の共振周波数とスイッチング周波数との関係について示す。
送電装置側では、スイッチ素子Q1は導通し、流れる電流id1は0Aから流れ始めて正電流となる。送電コイルLpと共振キャパシタCr、および受電コイルLsと共振キャパシタCrsには共振電流が流れる。
スイッチ素子Q1の両端のキャパシタCds1は共振をはじめ、まずは充電されて、ピーク電圧を越えると放電する。電圧vds1は次第に0Vに漸近し、スイッチ素子Q1がターンオンすると状態2は終わる。
Cm1…相互キャパシタンス
Co…平滑キャパシタ
Cp…送電装置側共振キャパシタ
Cpp…漏れキャパシタンス
Cr…共振キャパシタ
Cr1,Cr2…共振キャパシタ
Crs…共振キャパシタ
Crs1,Crs2…共振キャパシタ
Crsa,Crsb…共振キャパシタ
Cs…共振キャパシタ
Css…漏れキャパシタンス
D1,D2,D3,D4…整流ダイオード
Lf,Lfs…インダクタ
Lm…相互インダクタンス
Lmp…相互インダクタンス
Lp…送電コイル
Lr…共振インダクタ
Ls…受電コイル
Ls1,Ls2,Ls3,Ls4…受電コイル
PRU…電力受電装置
PSU…電力送電装置
Q1~Q4…スイッチ素子
Qs1…スイッチ素子
Ro,Ro2,Ro3…負荷
S1,S2…スイッチ回路
10,20…スイッチング制御回路
30…信号伝達手段
40…複共振回路
50…伝送制御回路
90…電磁界共鳴結合回路
92…電界共鳴結合回路
111~130…電力伝送システム
Claims (20)
- 送電コイルを備えた送電装置と、受電コイルを備えた受電装置とで構成される電力伝送システムにおいて、
前記送電装置は、前記送電コイルとともに送電装置側共振回路を構成する送電装置側共振キャパシタと、前記送電コイルに電気的に接続されて、スイッチ素子、ダイオードおよびキャパシタの並列接続回路で構成されたスイッチ回路、ならびに入力される直流電圧から、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流に比較して相対的に直流電流とみなせる電流源を生成できる大きさのインダクタンス値をもつインダクタを備え、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流を発生する送電装置側交流電流発生回路と、を備え、
前記受電装置は、前記受電コイルとともに受電装置側共振回路を構成する受電装置側共振キャパシタと、前記受電コイルに接続されて、該受電コイルに生じる交流電流を整流する受電装置側整流回路と、を備え、
前記送電コイルと受電コイルとの間に等価的に形成される相互インダクタンスおよび相互キャパシタンスで電磁界共鳴結合回路が構成されて、前記送電装置側共振回路と前記受電装置側共振回路とが共鳴して、前記送電装置から前記受電装置へ電力が伝送され、
前記送電装置から送電されずに反射したエネルギーは無効電力として前記送電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存され、
前記受電装置が受電したエネルギーのうち出力に供給されずに反射したエネルギーは無効電力として前記受電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存されることを特徴とする電力伝送システム。 - 送電コイルを備えた送電装置と、受電コイルを備えた受電装置とで構成される電力伝送システムにおいて、
前記送電装置は、前記送電コイルとともに送電装置側共振回路を構成する送電装置側共振キャパシタと、前記送電コイルに電気的に接続されて、スイッチ素子、ダイオードおよびキャパシタの並列接続回路で構成されたスイッチ回路、ならびに入力される直流電圧から、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流に比較して相対的に直流電流とみなせる電流源を生成できる大きさのインダクタンス値をもつインダクタを備え、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流を発生する送電装置側交流電流発生回路と、を備え、
前記受電装置は、前記受電コイルとともに受電装置側共振回路を構成する受電装置側共振キャパシタと、前記受電コイルに接続されて、該受電コイルに生じる交流電流を整流する受電装置側整流回路と、を備え、
前記送電コイルと受電コイルとの間に等価的に形成される相互インダクタンスで磁界共鳴結合回路が構成されて、前記送電装置側共振回路と前記受電装置側共振回路とが共鳴して、前記送電装置から前記受電装置へ電力が伝送され、
前記送電装置から送電されずに反射したエネルギーは無効電力として前記送電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存され、
前記受電装置が受電したエネルギーのうち出力に供給されずに反射したエネルギーは無効電力として前記受電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存されることを特徴とする電力伝送システム。 - 送電コイルを備えた送電装置と、受電コイルを備えた受電装置とで構成される電力伝送システムにおいて、
前記送電装置は、送電装置側共振キャパシタとともに送電装置側共振回路を構成する送電装置側共振インダクタと、前記送電コイルに電気的に接続されて、スイッチ素子、ダイオードおよびキャパシタの並列接続回路で構成されたスイッチ回路、ならびに入力される直流電圧から、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流に比較して相対的に直流電流とみなせる電流源を生成できる大きさのインダクタンス値をもつインダクタを備え、前記送電コイルに流す交流電流を発生する送電装置側交流電流発生回路と、を備え、
前記受電装置は、受電装置側共振キャパシタとともに受電装置側共振回路を構成する受電装置側共振インダクタと、前記受電コイルに接続されて、該受電コイルに生じる交流電流を整流する受電装置側整流回路と、を備え、
前記送電コイルと受電コイルとの間に等価的に形成される相互キャパシタンスで電界共鳴結合回路が構成されて、前記送電装置側共振回路と前記受電装置側共振回路とが共鳴して、前記送電装置から前記受電装置へ電力が伝送され、
前記送電装置から送電されずに反射したエネルギーは無効電力として前記送電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存され、
前記受電装置が受電したエネルギーのうち出力に供給されずに反射したエネルギーは無効電力として前記受電装置側共振回路に共振エネルギーとして保存されることを特徴とする電力伝送システム。 - 前記受電装置は、前記受電装置側整流回路の出力情報を検出して前記送電装置側に前記出力情報を伝送する情報送信回路を備え、
前記送電装置は、前記出力情報を受信する出力情報受信回路と、前記出力情報に応じて前記送電装置側交流電流発生回路を制御して伝送電力を制御する伝送電力制御回路とを備えた、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。 - 前記情報送信回路は、無線通信で前記出力情報を送信する回路であり、
前記出力情報受信回路は無線通信で前記出力情報を受信する回路である、請求項4に記載の電力伝送システム。 - 前記情報送信回路は、電気信号を光信号に変換して前記出力情報を送信する回路であり、
前記出力情報受信回路は光信号を電気信号に変換して前記出力情報を受信する回路である、請求項4に記載の電力伝送システム。 - 前記送電装置側交流電流発生回路は、スイッチ回路をオン/オフするスイッチング周波数を変化させる周波数制御PFM(Pulse Frequency Modulation)により伝送電力を制御する、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記送電装置側交流電流発生回路は、スイッチ回路を固定のスイッチング周波数でオン/オフして、時比率を制御するPWM(Pulse Width Modulation)により伝送電力を制御する、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記受電装置側整流回路はスイッチ素子を備えた同期整流回路である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記受電装置は、前記同期整流回路の動作周波数を制御する動作周波数制御回路を備え、前記動作周波数によって受電電力を制御する、請求項9に記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記受電装置は、該受電装置側の回路を制御する制御回路を備え、該制御回路は、前記受電装置が受電した電力によって動作する、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記受電装置側整流回路の出力部から電力が伝送されるとき、前記受電装置側整流回路は前記送電装置側交流電流発生回路として作用するとともに、前記送電装置側交流電流発生回路は前記受電装置側整流回路として作用し、双方向に電力伝送が可能な、請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記送電コイルまたは前記受電コイルに対して並列に共振キャパシタを備えた、請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記共振キャパシタは前記送電コイルと前記受電コイルとの間に形成される電界共鳴による等価的なキャパシタンスとなる浮遊容量で構成されている、請求項13に記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記共振キャパシタは前記送電コイルと前記受電コイルとの間に形成される等価的な相互キャパシタンスで構成されている、請求項13または14に記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記送電コイルおよび前記受電コイルは空心のインダクタである、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記相互インダクタンスは、前記送電コイルと前記受電コイルとの間に形成される磁界共鳴結合により生じる等価的な励磁インダクタンスである、請求項1~16のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記送電コイルもしくは前記受電コイルのインダクタンス成分のうち、共鳴結合に関与しない漏れインダクタンスを前記送電装置側共振回路または前記受電装置側共振回路を構成するインダクタとして用いた、請求項1~17のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記送電装置側交流電流発生回路は、前記送電コイルと前記スイッチ回路をそれぞれ複数備え、前記送電コイルと前記スイッチ回路がそれぞれ電気的に接続されて構成され、前記複数のスイッチ回路が周期的に順次にスイッチング動作を行う、請求項1~18のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
- 前記送電装置側交流電流発生回路は、前記スイッチ回路を複数備えており、前記送電コイルに前記複数のスイッチ回路が電気的に接続されて構成され、前記複数のスイッチ回路が周期的に順次にスイッチング動作を行う、請求項1~19のいずれかに記載の電力伝送システム。
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JPWO2017195581A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-09 | 2018-05-24 | 有限会社アール・シー・エス | 給電装置、受電装置、および非接触給電システム |
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JP7272420B2 (ja) | 2019-03-18 | 2023-05-12 | 株式会社村田製作所 | ワイヤレス給電システムの受電装置 |
JP2020191758A (ja) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-26 | キヤノン株式会社 | 制御システム |
JP7414405B2 (ja) | 2019-05-23 | 2024-01-16 | キヤノン株式会社 | 制御システムおよび制御方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2824799B1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
EP2824799A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
KR20140126368A (ko) | 2014-10-30 |
EP2824799A4 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
KR101685371B1 (ko) | 2016-12-12 |
CN104247206B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
CN104247206A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
US20140368056A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
US9478992B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
JPWO2013133028A1 (ja) | 2015-07-30 |
JP5787027B2 (ja) | 2015-09-30 |
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