WO2013107140A1 - 与循环冗余校验级联的极性码的译码方法和译码装置 - Google Patents

与循环冗余校验级联的极性码的译码方法和译码装置 Download PDF

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WO2013107140A1
WO2013107140A1 PCT/CN2012/076029 CN2012076029W WO2013107140A1 WO 2013107140 A1 WO2013107140 A1 WO 2013107140A1 CN 2012076029 W CN2012076029 W CN 2012076029W WO 2013107140 A1 WO2013107140 A1 WO 2013107140A1
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surviving paths
decoding
paths
surviving
polar code
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PCT/CN2012/076029
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李斌
沈晖
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP12865654.3A priority Critical patent/EP2802080B1/en
Publication of WO2013107140A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013107140A1/zh
Priority to US14/335,362 priority patent/US9178532B2/en
Priority to US15/802,376 priority patent/USRE47936E1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/11Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
    • H03M13/1102Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
    • H03M13/1105Decoding
    • H03M13/1111Soft-decision decoding, e.g. by means of message passing or belief propagation algorithms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/09Error detection only, e.g. using cyclic redundancy check [CRC] codes or single parity bit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/13Linear codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057Block codes

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of codec and, more particularly, to a method of decoding a Polar code (polar code) cascaded with a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). Background technique
  • the Polar code is a good code that has been proven to achieve Shannon capacity and has low codec complexity.
  • F is a transposed matrix, such as a bit reversal matrix
  • the code of the Polar code can be expressed as (N, K, A, u A .), the encoding process for: Where A is the information (Information) a set of bit indexes, G N. (A) is a G N. Submatrix obtained from the set A of those rows corresponding to the index, G N. (A e) is a G N. In A submatrix obtained from those rows corresponding to the indices in the set A c . It is a frozen bit whose number is (NK) and is a known bit. These freeze bits can be set to zero for the order.
  • the decoding of the Polar code can be decoded by SC (continuous-cancellation).
  • SC continuous-cancellation
  • i3 ⁇ 4 represents the decision value of the bit.
  • SC decoding The complexity of SC decoding is 0 (Nlog 2 N). Although SC decoding can achieve good performance with a code length N ⁇ long, it approaches the Shannon limit. But when the ⁇ is short or medium length, Polar The performance of the SC decoding of the code does not exceed the performance of the Turbo code and the LDPC (Low-density Parity-check) code, and the decoding performance needs to be further improved.
  • LDPC Low-density Parity-check
  • SC decoding it is a bit-by-bit sequential decoding. After each bit is decoded, it is used for hard decoding and then used for subsequent bit decoding. This may cause error propagation, resulting in degradation of decoding performance.
  • List (decoding) decoding preserves multiple candidate paths to achieve decoding performance that approximates maximum likelihood.
  • SC-List decoding is obtained by combining SC decoding and List decoding.
  • the existing SC-List decoding uses a fixed number of surviving path numbers L, and the decoding complexity is
  • the CRC and Polar code cascading scheme can improve the Hamming Distance and improve the performance of the code in the high SNR range.
  • the simulation results show that the performance of the cascaded scheme is the same as that of the Turbo code and the LDPC code. However, if the number of existing fixed surviving paths is too small, the decoding performance cannot be met; if the value is too large, the decoding complexity is increased.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a decoding method and a decoding apparatus for a polar code, which can improve decoding performance of a polar code.
  • a method for decoding a Polar code including: performing SC-List decoding on a Polar code according to the number L of surviving paths, obtaining L surviving paths, L being a positive integer; respectively circulating the L surviving paths Redundancy check; When none of the L surviving paths pass the cyclic redundancy check, the number of surviving paths is increased, and the decoding result of the Polar code is obtained according to the increased number of surviving paths.
  • a decoding apparatus comprising: a decoder for following a number of surviving paths
  • L performs SC-List decoding on the Polar code to obtain L surviving paths, L is a positive integer; a checker, For performing a cyclic redundancy check on the L surviving paths obtained by the decoder respectively; a selector for increasing the number of surviving paths when the L surviving paths fail to pass the cyclic redundancy check of the verifier, and The decoding result of the Polar code is obtained according to the increased number of surviving paths.
  • the number of paths of the surviving path is adjusted according to the result of the cyclic redundancy check, thereby outputting a path capable of passing the cyclic redundancy check as much as possible, thereby improving the decoding performance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a Polar code and CRC cascade scheme.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a method of decoding a Polar code according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a decoding process according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram of a decoding apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a decoding apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • GSM Global System of Mobile communication
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a scheme in which a Polar code is concatenated with a CRC. Simulations show that the performance of this cascading scheme is comparable to Turbo code and LDPC code in the case of medium code length.
  • the CRC and Polar cascading scheme first performs CRC check on non-frozen bits (e.g., 1024 bits in length) to obtain corresponding CRC check bits (e.g., 1040 bits in length).
  • CRC check bits and frozen bits e.g., 1008 bits in length
  • Polar code e.g., 2048 bits in length
  • the embodiment of the present invention can decode the Polar code obtained in the manner illustrated in FIG.
  • the value of the bit length in Fig. 1 is merely exemplary, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the code length of the Polar code that can be decoded in the embodiment of the present invention may not be 2048.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a decoding method of a Polar code concatenated with a CRC according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method of Figure 2 is performed by the decoding side.
  • the Polar code may be a Polar code that is concatenated with the CRC generated in the manner shown in FIG.
  • the manner of performing SC-List decoding on the Polar code is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • SC-List decoding can be performed by referring to the prior art.
  • the SC-List decoding process of the Polar code it is generally a bit-by-bit (Bit) serial decoding. Starting from the first bit, it may be 0 or 1, and the second bit may also be 0 or 1, so that The first bit to the currently translated bit can form the structure of a tree. From the root node of the tree to the leaf node, a path is formed. The survivor path is to filter the remaining paths during the decoding process, which actually represents the possible outcome of the decoding.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adjusts the number of paths of the surviving path according to the result of the cyclic redundancy check, thereby exhausting
  • the output can improve the decoding performance by the path of the cyclic redundancy check.
  • step 103 if the increased number of surviving paths is less than or equal to the threshold, the method of FIG. 1 is re-executed to obtain the decoding of the Polar code according to the increased number of surviving paths. result.
  • the surviving path having the highest probability value among the L surviving paths is output as the decoding result of the Polar code. This can improve the decoding performance while ensuring that the decoding complexity is not too high.
  • the SC-List decoding complexity can be reduced by lowering the threshold.
  • the threshold is increased, the performance of the embodiment of the present invention in the high SNR (Signal Noise Ratio) interval can be improved.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the setting manner and specific value of the threshold value, for example, according to the decoding complexity requirement and/or the decoding performance requirement.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the manner of increasing the number of surviving paths, and only needs to increase the number of surviving paths in a strictly monotonically increasing manner.
  • the number of surviving paths when the number of surviving paths is increased in step 103, the number of surviving paths may be increased by m, m is a positive integer, or the number of surviving paths is multiplied by n, and n is greater than 1.
  • the above m or n may be a fixed value or a variable value, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the surviving path with the highest probability value among the one or more surviving paths may be output as Polar The decoding result of the code.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the initial value setting of the number of surviving paths.
  • the initial value of the number of surviving paths may be set according to decoding complexity requirements and/or decoding performance requirements. This can reduce the time required to obtain the decoding result of the Polar code and improve the decoding efficiency.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic flow chart of a decoding process in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of Figure 3 is a specific implementation of the method of the figure, using an adaptive number of surviving paths L, thereby improving decoding performance.
  • Linit is a positive integer, such as 4, 8, 16 etc., indicating the initial value of the number of surviving paths.
  • the initial value of the number of surviving paths is set according to the decoding complexity requirement and/or the decoding performance requirement. This can reduce the time required to obtain the decoding result of the Polar code and improve the decoding efficiency.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the setting manner of the Linit, and the specific value of the Linit is not limited.
  • step 204 Determine, according to the verification result of step 203, whether a surviving path passes the CRC.
  • step 204 If it is determined in step 204 that one or more surviving paths pass the CRC ("YES" in step 204), then the surviving path having the highest probability value among the one or more surviving paths is output as the decoding result.
  • m or n may be a fixed value or a variable value, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Lmax is greater than 1, which can be a preset value, such as 64, 128, etc.
  • the threshold value Lmax of the number of surviving paths can be set according to the decoding complexity requirement and/or the decoding performance requirement. This can reduce the time required to obtain the decoding result and improve the decoding efficiency.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the setting manner and specific value of the threshold value.
  • step 207 If the result of the determination in step 207 is "NO", that is! ⁇ ! ⁇ ! ⁇ , then the method of FIG. 2 returns to step 202, and the process of step 202 and subsequent steps is re-executed according to the increased number of surviving paths to obtain the decoded result.
  • step 207 If the result of the determination in step 207 is "YES”, ⁇ L > Lmax, the surviving path having the highest probability value among the current L surviving paths is output as the decoding result.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adaptively adjusts the number of paths of the surviving path according to the result of the cyclic redundancy check, thereby outputting a path capable of passing the cyclic redundancy check as much as possible, thereby improving the decoding performance.
  • the threshold value of the number of surviving paths is set, so that the decoding complexity can be achieved.
  • the decoding device 30 of Figure 4 can be any suitable entity that can be used for the decoding process of the Polar code.
  • the decoding device 30 includes a decoder 31, a checker 32, and a selector 33.
  • the decoder 31 SC-Lists the Polar code according to the number of surviving paths L to obtain L survival paths, and L is a positive integer.
  • the verifier 32 performs cyclic redundancy check on the L surviving paths obtained by the decoder 31, respectively.
  • the selector 33 increases the number of surviving paths when the L surviving paths fail the cyclic redundancy check of the checker 32, and obtains the decoded result according to the increased number of surviving paths.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adjusts the number of paths of the surviving path according to the result of the cyclic redundancy check, so that an optimal compromise can be obtained between the decoding complexity and the decoding performance.
  • the decoding device 30 of Fig. 4 can perform the various steps of the method shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3, and will not be described in detail in order to avoid redundancy.
  • the selector 33 may output the increased number of surviving paths to the decoder 31 when the increased number of surviving paths is less than or equal to the threshold, so that the decoder 31 increases. The number of surviving paths is then re-decoded into the Polar code.
  • the selector 33 may output a surviving path having the highest probability value among the L surviving paths as a decoding result when the increased number of surviving paths is greater than the threshold. This can improve the decoding performance while ensuring that the decoding complexity is not too high.
  • the selector 33 may increase the number of surviving paths by m, m is a positive integer, or multiply the number of surviving paths by n, n is greater than one.
  • the above m or n may be a fixed value or a variable value, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the selector 33 may also output the highest probability value among the one or more surviving paths when the one or more surviving paths in the L surviving paths pass the cyclic redundancy check.
  • the surviving path is used as the decoding result.
  • the decoder 31 may also set an initial value of the number of surviving paths according to a decoding complexity requirement and/or a decoding performance requirement. This can reduce the time required to obtain the decoding result and improve the decoding efficiency.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a decoding apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the decoding device 40 of Figure 5 is Figure 3 A specific implementation of the decoding device 30 employs an adaptive survivor path number L, thereby improving decoding performance.
  • the decoding device 40 includes a decoder 41, a checker 42, and a selector 43.
  • the decoder 41 performs SC-List decoding on the Polar code to obtain L survival paths.
  • the Polar code may be a concatenated code generated in the manner shown in FIG.
  • the decoder 41 outputs the L-survival paths pathl to pathL to the checker 42 for CRC check. Further, the decoder 41 outputs the probability values PI to PL of the L surviving paths to the selector 43, respectively.
  • the checker 42 is depicted in FIG. 5 as L checkers 42-1 - 42-L, but this is merely illustrative and not a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the functions of the L checkers 42-l ⁇ 42-L can be implemented by a checker 42.
  • the checkers 42-l to 42-L can be collectively referred to as the checker 42.
  • the verifier 42 performs CRC check on each of the L surviving paths path1 to pathL, and outputs the verification results R1 to RL of the L surviving paths to the selector 43, respectively.
  • the result of the check can indicate that the survivor path passed the CRC check (pass) or failed the CRC check (fail).
  • the selector 43 determines whether or not a surviving path passes the CRC check based on the check result of the checker 42. If there are k bars ( l ⁇ k ⁇ L, and k is a positive integer), the survivor path passes the CRC check, and the selector 43 can select the highest probability value according to the probability values of the k surviving paths output by the decoder 41. The surviving path is the result of the decoding.
  • the decoder 41 re-synchronizes the Polar code according to the increased number of surviving paths, and the verifier 42 and the selector 43 perform subsequent processes accordingly.
  • the selector 43 no longer returns the increased number of surviving paths to the decoder 41, but selects the highest probability from the current L surviving paths. The path of the value, as a result of the decoding.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adaptively adjusts the surviving path according to the result of the cyclic redundancy check.
  • the number of paths so as to output a path that can pass the cyclic redundancy check as much as possible, improves the decoding performance.
  • the threshold value of the number of surviving paths is set, so that the decoding complexity can be achieved.
  • the adaptive SC-List decoding scheme and the conventional SC-List decoding scheme are simulated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the code length is 2048
  • the code rate is 1/2
  • L mit 4
  • the simulation results show that the decoding complexity of the adaptive SC-List decoding scheme in the embodiment of the present invention can be reduced to about 1/8, and the decoding performance is 0.2 dB better than the conventional SC-List decoding performance.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the components displayed for the unit may or may not be physical units, ie may be located in one place, or may be distributed over multiple network units.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as separate products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential to the prior art or part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including
  • a plurality of instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, and the storage medium includes: a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM, a random access memory).
  • Memory a disk or an optical disk, and the like, which can store the program code.
  • modules in the device in the embodiment can be distributed in the device according to the embodiment, or can be changed accordingly. It is located in one or more devices different from the embodiment.
  • the modules of the above embodiments may be combined into one module, or may be further split into a plurality of sub-modules.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种与CRC级联的极性码的译码方法和译码装置。该译码方法包括:按照幸存路径数L对Polar码进行SC-List译码,得到L条幸存路径,L为正整数;对L条幸存路径分别进行循环冗余校验;在L条幸存路径均未通过循环冗余校验时,增加幸存路径数,并按照增加后的幸存路径数获取Polar码的译码结果。本发明实施例根据循环冗余校验的结果调整幸存路径的路径数,从而尽量输出能够通过循环冗余校验的路径,提高了译码性能。

Description

与循环冗余校猃级联的极性码的译码方法和译码装置 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及编解码领域, 并且更具体地, 涉及与 CRC ( Cyclic Redundancy Check, 循环冗余校验)级联的 Polar码(极性码)的译码方法。 背景技术
通信系统通常采用信道编码提高数据传输的可靠性, 保证通信的质量。 Polar码是已被证明可以取得香农容量且具有低编译码复杂度的好码。 Polar 码是一种线性块码。 其生成矩阵为 GN., 其编码过程为 Xl N=Ul NGN.,这里 GN =BNF¾n, 码长 N=2n, n≥0。
1 0
这里 F: BN是转置矩阵, 例如比特反转(bit reversal)矩阵 (
1 1
是 F的克罗内克幂( Kronecker power ), 定义为 F n = F®F (n- "。 Polar 码 用 陪 集 码 可 以 表 示 为 (N,K,A,uA。) , 其 编 码 过 程 为 :
Figure imgf000002_0001
这里 A为信息(information) 比特索引的集合, GN.(A)是 GN.中由集合 A中的索引对应的那些行得到的子矩阵, GN.(Ae)是 GN. 中由集合 Ac中的索引对应的那些行得到的子矩阵。 是冻结 (frozen) 比 特, 其数量为 (N-K), 是已知比特。 为了筒单, 这些冻结比特可以设为 0。
Polar码的译码可以用 SC ( successive-cancellation, 连续消除)译码, 其 过程如下:
考虑一种 Polar码, 其参数为 (N, K, A,UAC )。
下条件似然函数:
Figure imgf000002_0002
如果 icA, 如下作判决:
ή ={ο, 如果 ι^Γ,ΰ ι
Ul"{i, 其他
如果 icAc, 筒单令 (3)
上述公式 (2)和 (3)中, i¾表示比特 的判决值。
SC译码的复杂度为 0(Nlog2N)。虽然 SC译码在码长 N 艮长的情况下能 够取得好的性能, 逼近香农限。 但是当 Ν较短或者中等长度的时候, Polar 码的 SC译码的性能没有超过 Turbo码和 LDPC ( Low-density Parity-check, 低密度奇偶校验)码的性能, 需要进一步提高译码性能。
在 SC译码中是逐比特顺序译码, 在译完每个比特之后是进行硬判后给 后续比特译码使用,这样有可能存在错误传播, 导致译码性能下降。 List (列 表)译码保留多条候选路径能够取得逼近最大似然的译码性能。 SC译码和 List译码结合就得到 SC-List译码。
Polar码的 SC-List译码的过程筒述如下:
路径分裂: 每次如果^是信息比特(information bit ), 则将当前的译码 路径分裂成两条路径: = 0的那条和^ = 1的那条。 当总的路径数超出预定 义的门限 L的时候, 丢弃最不可靠的路径, 仅保持 L条最可靠的路径(称为 幸存路径 ); 并且更新所有路径上的概率值或者 LLR ( Log-Likelihood Ratio, 对数似然比)。
无路径分裂: 如果 是冻结比特, 则所有译码路径并不分裂, itu1 = Ul , 保持路径数不变并且更新所有路径的概率值(或者 LLR )。
现有的 SC-List译码采用固定数目的幸存路径数 L, 译码的复杂度为
0(LxNxlog2N)0
采用 CRC 和 Polar 码级联的方案能够提高汉明距离 ( Hamming Distance ), 改善码在高 SNR 区间的性能。 仿真结果表明, 该级联方案的性 能与 Turbo码和 LDPC码的性能一样。 但是, 现有的固定幸存路径数如果取 值过小, 则不能满足译码性能的需求; 如果取值过大, 则导致译码复杂度的 增力口 发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种极性码的译码方法和译码装置, 能够提高极性码 的译码性能。
一方面, 提供了一种 Polar码的译码方法, 包括: 按照幸存路径数 L对 Polar码进行 SC-List译码, 得到 L条幸存路径, L为正整数; 对 L条幸存路 径分别进行循环冗余校验; 在 L条幸存路径均未通过循环冗余校验时, 增加 幸存路径数, 并按照增加后的幸存路径数获取 Polar码的译码结果。
另一方面, 提供了一种译码装置, 包括: 译码器, 用于按照幸存路径数
L对 Polar码进行 SC-List译码, 得到 L条幸存路径, L为正整数; 校验器, 用于对译码器得到的 L条幸存路径分别进行循环冗余校验; 选择器, 用于在 L条幸存路径均未通过校验器的循环冗余校验时, 增加幸存路径数, 并按照 增加后的幸存路径数获取 Polar码的译码结果。
本发明实施例根据循环冗余校验的结果调整幸存路径的路径数,从而尽 量输出能够通过循环冗余校验的路径, 提高了译码性能。 附图说明
图 1是 Polar码和 CRC级联方案的示意图。
图 2是本发明一个实施例的 Polar码的译码方法的流程图。
图 3是本发明另一实施例的译码过程的示意流程图。
图 4是本发明一个实施例的译码装置的框图。
图 5是本发明另一实施例的译码装置的框图。 具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行 清楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是 全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创 造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例可应用于各种通信系统, 因此, 下面的描述不限制于特定 通信系统。 全球移动通讯 ( Global System of Mobile communication , 筒称 "GSM" ) 系统、 码分多址(Code Division Multiple Access, 筒称 "CDMA" ) 系统、 宽带码分多址 (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access , 筒称 "WCDMA" ) 系统、 通用分组无线业务( General Packet Radio Service, 筒 称 "GPRS" )、 长期演进(Long Term Evolution, 筒称 "LTE" ) 系统、 LTE 频分双工 (Frequency Division Duplex, 筒称 "FDD" ) 系统、 LTE时分双工 ( Time Division Duplex,筒称 "TDD" )、通用移动通信系统( Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, 筒称 "UMTS" )等。 在上述的系统中的基站或 者终端使用传统 Turbo码、 LDPC码编码处理的信息或者数据都可以使用本 实施例中的 Polar码编码。
图 1是 Polar码与 CRC级联的方案的示意图。仿真表明此级联方案性能 在中等码长的情况下和 Turbo码、 LDPC码相当。
如图 1所示, CRC与 Polar级联的方案首先对非冻结比特(例如长度为 1024比特)进行 CRC校验, 得到相应的 CRC校验比特(例如长度为 1040 比特)。然后对 CRC校验比特和冻结比特(例如长度为 1008比特)进行 Polar 编码, 得到 Polar码(例如长度为 2048比特)。
本发明实施例可以对按照图 1例示的方式得到的 Polar码进行译码。 但 是应注意,图 1中的比特长度的数值只是示例性的,本发明实施例不限于此。 例如, 本发明实施例可以译码的 Polar码的码长可以不是 2048。
图 2是本发明一个实施例的与 CRC级联的 Polar码的译码方法的流程 图。 图 2的方法由译码端执行。
101 , 按照幸存路径数 L对 Polar码进行 SC-List译码, 得到 L条幸存路 径, L为正整数。
例如,该 Polar码可以是按照图 1所示的方式产生的与 CRC级联的 Polar 码。本发明实施例对 Polar码进行 SC-List译码的方式不作限制, 例如可参照 现有技术进行 SC-List译码。
102, 对 L条幸存路径分别进行循环冗余校验。
在 Polar码的 SC-List译码过程中, 一般是逐比特(Bit ) 串行的译码, 从第一比特开始, 它可能为 0或者 1 , 第二比特也可能为 0或者 1 , 这样从 第一个 Bit到当前已经译的比特可以形成一个树的结构。 从这个树的根结点 到叶子结点就形成了一条路径。幸存路径就是在译码过程中通过筛选剩下的 路径, 它实际上表示了译码的可能的结果。
103, 在 L条幸存路径均未通过循环冗余校验时, 增加幸存路径数, 并 按照增加后的幸存路径数获取 Polar码的译码结果。
本发明实施例根据循环冗余校验的结果调整幸存路径的路径数,从而尽 量输出能够通过循环冗余校验的路径, 提高了译码性能。
可选地, 作为一个实施例, 在步骤 103中, 如果增加后的幸存路径数小 于或等于门限值, 则按照增加后的幸存路径数, 重新执行图 1的方法以获取 Polar码的译码结果。 或者, 如果增加后的幸存路径数大于门限值, 则输出 L 条幸存路径中具有最高概率值的幸存路径作为 Polar码的译码结果。 这样能 在提高译码性能的同时, 保证译码复杂度不会太高。
因此, 可以通过降低门限值来减小 SC-List译码复杂度。 另外, 如果增 加该门限值, 则可以提高本发明实施例在高 SNR ( Signal Noise Ratio, 信噪 比) 区间的性能。 本发明实施例对门限值的设置方式和具体取值不作限制, 例如可根据译码复杂度需求和 /或译码性能需求进行设置。
本发明实施例对增加幸存路径数的方式不作限制, 只需按照严格单调递 增的方式增加幸存路径数即可。 可选地, 作为另一实施例, 在步骤 103中增 加幸存路径数时, 可将幸存路径数增加 m, m为正整数, 或者将幸存路径数 乘以 n, n大于 1。 上述 m或 n可以是固定值或可变值, 本发明实施例对此 不作限制。
可选地, 作为另一实施例, 在 L条幸存路径中的一条或多条幸存路径通 过循环冗余校验时, 可输出该一条或多条幸存路径中具有最高概率值的幸存 路径作为 Polar码的译码结果。
本发明实施例对幸存路径数的初值设置不作限制。 可选地, 作为另一实 施例, 可根据译码复杂度需求和 /或译码性能需求, 设置幸存路径数的初值。 这样能够减少获取 Polar码的译码结果所需的时间, 提高译码效率。
下面结合具体例子, 更加详细地描述本发明的实施例。 图 3是本发明另 一实施例的译码过程的示意流程图。 图 3的实施例是图 的方法的一个具体 实现方式, 采用自适应的幸存路径数 L, 从而提高了译码性能。
201 , 初始化幸存路径数 L=Linit。
Linit是正整数, 例如 4、 8、 16等, 表示幸存路径数的初值。 例如, 可 根据译码复杂度需求和 /或译码性能需求,设置幸存路径数的初值。这样能够 减少获取 Polar码的译码结果所需的时间, 提高译码效率。 但本发明实施例 对 Linit的设置方式不作限制, 对 Linit的具体取值也不作限制。
202, 对 Polar码进行 SC-List译码, 得到 L条幸存路径。
203, 对在步骤 202中生成的 L条幸存路径分别进行 CRC (循环冗余校 验)。
204, 根据步骤 203的校验结果, 确定是否有幸存路径通过 CRC。
205,如果在步骤 204中确定有一条或多条幸存路径通过 CRC(步骤 204 的 "是"), 则输出该一条或多条幸存路径中具有最高概率值的幸存路径作为 译码结果。
206, 如果在步骤 204中所有 L条幸存路径均未通过 CRC (步骤 204的 "否" ), 则增加幸存路径数 L, 如 L=L+m ( m为正整数 )或者 L=Lxn ( n大 于 1 )。 m或 n可以是固定值或可变值, 本发明实施例对此不作限制。
207, 判断增加后的幸存路径数是否大于门限值 Lmax。 Lmax大于 1 , 可以是预设值, 如 64、 128等。 可根据译码复杂度需求和 /或译码性能需求, 设置幸存路径数的门限值 Lmax。 这样能够减少获取译码结果所需的时间, 提高译码效率。 本发明实施例对门限值的设置方式和具体取值不作限制。
如果在步骤 207中判断结果为 "否", 即!^!^!^ , 则图 2的方法返回步 骤 202, 按照增加后的幸存路径数重新执行步骤 202以及之后的流程, 以获 取译码结果。
208, 如果在步骤 207中判断结果为 "是", ^ L>Lmax, 则输出目前的 L条幸存路径中具有最高概率值的幸存路径, 作为译码结果。
这样, 本发明实施例根据循环冗余校验的结果自适应地调整幸存路径的 路径数, 从而尽量输出能够通过循环冗余校验的路径, 提高了译码性能。 另 夕卜, 本发明实施例设置了幸存路径数的门限值, 从而能够兼顾译码复杂度。
图 4是本发明一个实施例的与 CRC级联的 Polar码的译码装置的框图。 图 4的译码装置 30可以是任何合适的实体, 可用于 Polar码的译码处理。译 码装置 30包括译码器 31、 校验器 32和选择器 33。
译码器 31按照幸存路径数 L对 Polar码进行 SC-List译码, 得到 L条幸 存路径, L为正整数。 校验器 32对译码器 31得到的 L条幸存路径分别进行 循环冗余校验。选择器 33在 L条幸存路径均未通过校验器 32的循环冗余校 验时, 增加幸存路径数, 并按照增加后的幸存路径数获取译码结果。
本发明实施例根据循环冗余校验的结果调整幸存路径的路径数,从而在 译码复杂度和译码性能之间能够取得最优的折衷。
图 4的译码装置 30可执行图 2或图 3所示的方法的各个步骤, 为避免 重复, 不再详细描述。
可选地, 作为一个实施例, 选择器 33 可以在增加后的幸存路径数小于 或等于门限值时, 将增加后的幸存路径数输出至译码器 31 , 以使得译码器 31按照增加后的幸存路径数重新对 Polar码进行 SC-List译码。 或者, 选择 器 33可以在增加后的幸存路径数大于门限值时, 输出 L条幸存路径中具有 最高概率值的幸存路径作为译码结果。 这样能在提高译码性能的同时, 保证 译码复杂度不会太高。
可选地, 作为另一实施例, 选择器 33可以将幸存路径数增加 m, m为 正整数, 或者将幸存路径数乘以 n, n大于 1。 上述 m或 n可以是固定值或 可变值, 本发明实施例对此不作限制。
可选地, 作为另一实施例, 选择器 33还可以在 L条幸存路径中的一条 或多条幸存路径通过循环冗余校验时,输出该一条或多条幸存路径中具有最 高概率值的幸存路径作为译码结果。
可选地, 作为另一实施例, 译码器 31还可以根据译码复杂度需求和 /或 译码性能需求设置幸存路径数的初值。这样能够减少获取译码结果所需的时 间, 提高译码效率。
图 5是本发明另一实施例的译码装置的框图。图 5的译码装置 40是图 3 的译码装置 30的一种具体实现方式, 采用自适应的幸存路径数 L, 从而提 高了译码性能。
如图 5所示, 译码装置 40包括译码器 41、 校验器 42和选择器 43。 译码器 41对 Polar码进行 SC-List译码, 得到 L条幸存路径。 例如, 该 Polar码可以是按照图 1所示的方式产生的级联码。译码器 41将 L条幸存路 径 pathl ~ pathL分别输出至校验器 42进行 CRC校验。 另外, 译码器 41将 L条幸存路径的概率值 PI ~ PL分别输出至选择器 43。
为了图示清楚, 图 5中将校验器 42描绘为 L个校验器 42-1 - 42-L, 但 这只是示意性的,而非对本发明实施例的限制。可以由一个校验器 42实现 L 个校验器 42-l ~ 42-L的功能。 在本说明书中, 可以将校验器 42-l ~ 42-L统 称为校验器 42。 校验器 42分别对 L条幸存路径 pathl ~ pathL进行 CRC校验,并分别向 选择器 43输出 L条幸存路径的校验结果 Rl ~ RL。 校验结果可以表示幸存 路径通过 CRC校验 ( pass )或未通过 CRC校验( fail )。
选择器 43根据校验器 42的校验结果, 确定是否有幸存路径通过 CRC 校验。 如果有 k条( l≤k≤L, 且 k为正整数 )幸存路径通过 CRC校验, 则选 择器 43可根据译码器 41输出的这 k条幸存路径的概率值,选择具有最高概 率值的幸存路径作为译码结果。
另一方面, 如果所有 L条幸存路径均未通过校验器 42的 CRC校验, 则 选择器 43可增加幸存路径数, 例如 L=L+m ( m为正整数 )或者 L=Lxn ( n 大于 1 )。 如果增加后的幸存路径数未超出预设门限值 Lmax, 则选择器 43将 增加后的幸存路径数返回至译码器 41。 译码器 41根据增加后的幸存路径数 重新对 Polar码进行 SC-List译码,校验器 42和选择器 43相应地执行后续流 程。
如果增加后的幸存路径数超出预设门限值 Lmax, 则选择器 43不再将增 加后的幸存路径数返回至译码器 41 , 而是从目前的 L条幸存路径中选择具 有最高概率值的那条路径, 作为译码结果。
这样, 本发明实施例根据循环冗余校验的结果自适应地调整幸存路径的 路径数, 从而尽量输出能够通过循环冗余校验的路径, 提高了译码性能。 另 外, 本发明实施例设置了幸存路径数的门限值, 从而能够兼顾译码复杂度。
按照本发明实施例的自适应 SC-List译码方案和传统 SC-List译码方案进 行仿真。 仿真场景中, 码长为 2048, 码率为 1/2, Lmit=4 (传统 SC-List译码 方案使用固定路径数 L=32 ), 每次增加幸存路径数 L=Lx2, Lmax=128。 仿真 结果表明本发明实施例的自适应的 SC-List译码方案的译码复杂度能被减少 到约 1/8, 其译码性能比传统的 SC-List译码性能好 0.2dB。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到, 结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各 示例的单元及算法步骤, 能够以电子硬件、 或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结 合来实现。 这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行, 取决于技术方案的特 定应用和设计约束条件。 专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方 法来实现所描述的功能, 但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到, 为描述的方便和筒洁, 上述描 述的系统、 装置和单元的具体工作过程, 可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应 过程, 在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中, 应该理解到, 所揭露的系统、 装置和 方法, 可以通过其它的方式实现。 例如, 以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示 意性的, 例如, 所述单元的划分, 仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分, 实际实现时可 以有另外的划分方式, 例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个 系统, 或一些特征可以忽略, 或不执行。 另一点, 所显示或讨论的相互之间 的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口, 装置或单元的间接耦合 或通信连接, 可以是电性, 机械或其它的形式。 为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元, 即可以位于一个地方, 或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或 者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。 另外, 在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元 中, 也可以是各个单元单独物理存在, 也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一 个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使 用时, 可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。 基于这样的理解, 本发明 的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部 分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质 中, 包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机, 服务器, 述的存储介质包括: U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器( ROM, Read-Only Memory )、 随机存取存储器(RAM, Random Access Memory ), 磁碟或者光盘等各种可 以存储程序代码的介质。本领域技术人员可以理解实施例中的装置中的模块 可以按照实施例描述进行分布于实施例的装置中,也可以进行相应变化位于 不同于本实施例的一个或多个装置中。上述实施例的模块可以合并为一个模 块, 也可以进一步拆分成多个子模块。

Claims

权利要求 在于, 包括:
按照幸存路径数 L对 Polar码进行连续消除 -列表 SC-List译码, 得到 L 条幸存路径, L为正整数;
对所述 L条幸存路径分别进行循环冗余校验; 在所述 L条幸存路径均未通过循环冗余校验时, 增加所述幸存路径数, 并按照增加后的幸存路径数获取所述 Polar码的译码结果。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述按照增加后的幸存路 径数获取译码结果, 包括:
如果增加后的幸存路径数小于或等于门限值, 则按照所述增加后的幸存 路径数, 重新执行所述方法以获取所述 Polar码的译码结果; 或者, 如果增加后的幸存路径数大于门限值,则输出所述 L条幸存路径中具有 最高概率值的幸存路径作为所述 Polar码的译码结果。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述增加所述幸存路 径数, 包括: 将所述幸存路径数增加 m, m为正整数, 或者将所述幸存路径 数乘以 n, n大于 1。
4、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 在所述 L条幸存路径中的一条或多条幸存路径通过循环冗余校验时,输 出所述一条或多条幸存路径中具有最高概率值的幸存路径作为所述 Polar码 的译码结果。
5、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 根据译码复杂度需求或译码性能需求, 设置所述幸存路径数的初值。 在于, 包括: 译码器, 用于按照幸存路径数 L对 Polar码进行连续消除 -列表 SC-List 译码, 得到 L条幸存路径, L为正整数; 校验器, 用于对所述译码器得到的 L条幸存路径分别进行循环冗余校 验; 选择器,用于在所述 L条幸存路径均未通过所述校验器的循环冗余校验 时, 增加所述幸存路径数, 并按照增加后的幸存路径数获取所述 Polar码的 译码结果。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述选择器具体用于在增 加后的幸存路径数小于或等于门限值时,将增加后的幸存路径数输出至所述 译码器, 以使得所述译码器按照增加后的幸存路径数重新对所述 Polar码进 行 SC-List译码; 或者在增加后的幸存路径数大于门限值时, 输出所述 L条 幸存路径中具有最高概率值的幸存路径作为所述 Polar码的译码结果。
8、 如权利要求 6或 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述选择器具体用于 将所述幸存路径数增加 m, m为正整数, 或者将所述幸存路径数乘以 n, n 大于 1。
9、 如权利要求 6或 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述选择器还用于在 所述 L条幸存路径中的一条或多条幸存路径通过循环冗余校验时,输出所述 一条或多条幸存路径中具有最高概率值的幸存路径作为所述 Polar码的译码 结果。
10、 如权利要求 6或 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述译码器还用于根 据译码复杂度需求或译码性能需求设置所述幸存路径数的初值。
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