WO2013099673A1 - 複合材の継手構造 - Google Patents

複合材の継手構造 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013099673A1
WO2013099673A1 PCT/JP2012/082644 JP2012082644W WO2013099673A1 WO 2013099673 A1 WO2013099673 A1 WO 2013099673A1 JP 2012082644 W JP2012082644 W JP 2012082644W WO 2013099673 A1 WO2013099673 A1 WO 2013099673A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composite material
composite
plate
joint structure
thickening
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2012/082644
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
野中　吉紀
聖紘 柏木
阿部　俊夫
Original Assignee
三菱重工業株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 三菱重工業株式会社 filed Critical 三菱重工業株式会社
Priority to CN201280061547.1A priority Critical patent/CN104024661A/zh
Priority to EP12861083.9A priority patent/EP2799728B1/en
Priority to US14/360,754 priority patent/US10094405B2/en
Publication of WO2013099673A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013099673A1/ja

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/12—Fastening strips or bars to sheets or plates, e.g. rubber strips, decorative strips for motor vehicles, by means of clips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B29C66/73941—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset characterised by the materials of both parts being thermosets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/47—Molded joint
    • Y10T403/472—Molded joint including mechanical interlock
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/75—Joints and connections having a joining piece extending through aligned openings in plural members

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a joint structure of a composite material formed of a composite material.
  • Fiber reinforced composite materials such as CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic), GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic), BFRP (boron fiber reinforced plastic), AFRP (aramid fiber reinforced plastic), etc., in which fibers are reinforced and resin is used as matrix material
  • CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
  • GFRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
  • BFRP boron fiber reinforced plastic
  • AFRP aramid fiber reinforced plastic
  • composite materials are used in various fields as lightweight and high-strength materials.
  • CFRP using carbon fiber as a reinforcing material has extremely high strength and lightness, and is widely used in various industrial fields such as aircraft, ships and automobiles.
  • the flange portion 20 a of the composite material plate 10 (composite material) and the mating member 20 are A joint structure 1 'for fastening the composite material plate 10 and the opposing member 20 is adopted by inserting a fastening body such as a bolt 30 into the formed through hole 24 and tightening the nut 32 to fix the bolt 30. It is often done.
  • the thickness increase of the above-mentioned composite material board 10 ' has many problems in the production of the composite material as described below. That is, as schematically shown in (a) of FIG. 7, the composite material plate 10 is formed by laminating and integrating sheet-like composite material forming materials 10 a made of fibers and resin. ing. Therefore, when forming the thickened composite material plate 10 ', as shown in an enlarged manner in FIG. 7 (b), a composite having a different length from that of the composite material forming material 10a, apart from this. It is necessary to prepare a material molding material 10a 'and laminate it in a tapered shape to integrate it, and it takes time and cost for manufacturing.
  • the rate of change of the thickness of the composite material plate 10 ' (the angle of inclination of the taper) is also restricted, and the thickness can not be changed too rapidly. For this reason, portions other than the range where the pressure increase is necessary are also thickened, extra materials are needed, and there is a problem that the weight of the composite material plate 10 'is increased.
  • Patent Document 1 as a fastener joint structure of a composite material product, a boss of the composite material formed by spirally winding is installed at a joint part of the composite material product, and a bolt or the like is fastened to a joint hole penetrating the boss. There is disclosed a joint structure through which a body is inserted.
  • Patent Document 1 there is a problem that it is difficult to install a spiral boss at the joint portion of the composite material product.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a joint structure of a composite material which has a lightweight and low-cost structure, is easy to manufacture, and can resist large shear loads. It is an object.
  • the joint structure of the composite material of the present invention is In a joint structure of a composite material formed of a composite material, A thickening plate attached to at least one surface of the composite material; The composite material and the counterpart member are fastened by inserting and fixing a fastening member in a through hole formed in the composite material, the thickening plate, and the counterpart member joined to the composite material. It is characterized by being.
  • the joint structure of the composite material of the present invention includes the thickening plate attached to at least one surface of the composite material, the bearing area is increased by the thickness of the thickening plate, and the bearing surface pressure is increased. It can be suppressed.
  • Such affixing of the thickening plate is less restrictive than the thickening of the composite itself and is easy to manufacture.
  • the thickening plate can be attached only to the range in which thickening is necessary, it is possible to provide a lightweight and low cost structure without requiring extra materials.
  • "sticking” means sticking a plate for thickness increase to the composite material.
  • a specific bonding method in addition to a method of bonding a thickening plate to a composite material by an adhesive, a method of laminating a thickening plate to a composite material via an adhesive and mechanically pressing it, In the case where the composite material and the thickening plate include a thermosetting resin, a method of heating and integrating the two in a stacked state is also included.
  • the thickening plate can be formed of the same composite material as the composite material. As described above, if the plate for thickening is formed of the same composite material as the composite material, the difference in thermal expansion does not occur between the two, so that the adhesion quality is not affected by the thermal stress and thermal deformation accompanying the temperature change. Becomes stable.
  • the thickening plate can be formed of a metal material.
  • the thickening plate is formed of a high ductility metal material, and the through holes formed in the composite material are formed larger in diameter than the through holes formed in the thickening plate, which will be described later.
  • the bearing surface pressure can be equalized among the plurality of fastening bodies.
  • the pressure intensifying plate can be formed of a resin base material having a ductility higher than that of the composite material.
  • the thickening plate is formed of a resin base material having a higher ductility than the composite material, and the through holes formed in the composite material are larger in diameter than the through holes formed in the thickening plate.
  • the through holes formed in the composite material are formed to have a diameter larger than that of the through holes formed in the plate for thickening, whereby the fastening body and the composite material are obtained.
  • the structure can be made to resist a shear load only by the thickening plate without abutting.
  • the thickening plate be attached to both sides of the composite material.
  • the stress distribution of the composite is uniformed compared to the case where the thickening plate is attached to only one side of the composite.
  • the adhesion area of the plate for thickness increase and the composite material is doubled, the shear force acting on the adhesion surface can be reduced to 1/2.
  • the bearing area is increased by adhering the thickening plate to the composite material, and the excessive bearing surface pressure is prevented from acting.
  • the joint structure of the conventional composite material which thickens the composite material itself it is a lightweight and low-cost structure, is easy to manufacture, and is a composite joint which can resist large shear load.
  • the structure can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 It is a figure showing one embodiment of joint structure of a composite material of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which expanded and showed the A section of (a) of FIG. It is the figure which showed the joint structure of the composite material of another embodiment of this invention. It is the graph which showed the relationship between a bolt position and bearing surface pressure. It is sectional drawing which showed the joint structure of the conventional composite material. It is sectional drawing which showed the joint structure of the conventional composite material. It is the schematic sectional drawing which showed typically A 'part and B' part of FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of a joint structure of a composite material of the present invention, in which (a) is a plan view and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line aa.
  • a joint structure 1 of a composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention is a joint structure of a flat plate-like composite material plate 10 (composite material) formed of a composite material, and plural (two) The mating member 20 is joined to the composite material plate 10 by the bolt 30 and the nut 32 (fastening body) in ⁇ 4 rows).
  • the composite material means a fiber reinforced composite material in which a fiber is a reinforcing material and a resin is a matrix material.
  • CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
  • GFRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
  • BFRP boron fiber reinforced plastic
  • aramid fiber Aral fiber reinforced plastic
  • the counterpart member 20 joined to the composite material plate 10 may be a member formed of the same composite material as the composite material plate 10 or may be a member formed of other materials, and is not particularly limited. .
  • a large horizontal force H acts on the mating member 20, whereby a shearing force acts on the bonding surface between the composite material plate 10 and the mating member 20.
  • a bearing surface pressure is applied to the contact portion (a portion of (b) of FIG. 1) with the composite material plate 10 of the bolt 30. .
  • plates for increasing thickness 40 a and 40 b are attached to both surfaces of the composite material plate 10.
  • the thickening plates 40 a and 40 b are bonded to both surfaces of the composite plate 10 by a resin adhesive.
  • adhereing means adhering a plate for thickness increase to the composite material, and as a specific adhering method, in addition to the above-mentioned adhesion, an adhesive may be used.
  • the bolt 30 is inserted through the through holes 24 formed in the composite material plate 10, the plates 40a, 40b for thickening and the flange portion 20a of the mating member 20, The composite material plate 10 and the mating member 20 are fastened by fastening and fixing the nut 32.
  • the bearing area can be increased by the thickness of the thickness increasing plates 40a and 40b, and the bearing surface pressure can be reduced.
  • the thickening plates 40 a and 40 b can be formed of the same composite material as the composite plate 10 or can be formed of a material different from that of the composite plate 10.
  • An appropriate material may be selected and used according to the application of the composite material plate 10 and the like.
  • the thickening plates 40a and 40b are formed of a material different from that of the composite plate 10, the ductility is higher than that of the composite plate 10, for example, a metal material or the composite plate 10 because of the reason described later.
  • it is formed of a high resin base material.
  • the thickness increasing plates 40a and 40b are formed of a high ductility metal material, and the through holes formed in the composite material plate 10 are formed in the thickness increasing plates 40a and 40b.
  • the merit in the case of forming the plates 40a and 40b for thickness increase by the resin base material having higher ductility than the composite material plate 10 is the same, and the through holes formed in the composite material plate 10 can be used as the plate 40a for thickness increase
  • the acting bearing surface pressure can be equalized in the bolts 30a to 30d. This will be described based on FIG. 3 and FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing a joint structure of a composite according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a cross-sectional view and (b) is an enlarged view of a B part.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the bolt position and the bearing surface pressure, and the symbol ⁇ in the figure is a graph when a non-ductile material is used for the thickening plates 40a and 40b, and the symbol beta is 6 is a graph in the case of using a material (for example, a metal material) having high ductility for the thickening plates 40a and 40b.
  • the joint structure 1 of the composite material shown in FIG. 3 is different from the embodiment described above, and the through holes 26 formed in the composite material plate 10, the thickness increasing plates 40a and 40b and the flange portion 20a of the opposing member 20.
  • the through holes 26a of the composite material plate 10 are formed to have a diameter larger than the through holes 26b of the thickening plates 40a and 40b.
  • the bearing surface pressure is the largest at the bolt 30 a near the acting position of the horizontal force H, and becomes smaller as it gets away from the acting position of the horizontal force H.
  • the through holes 26 through which the bolts 30 are inserted are increased.
  • the through holes 26b formed in the thick plates 40a and 40b abut on the bolts 30a, and the thick plates 40a and 40b are plastically deformed to increase the diameter of the through holes 26b.
  • the amount of diameter expansion is the largest in the through hole 26 in which the bolt 30a having a large bearing surface pressure is inserted, and the smallest in the through hole 26 in which the bolt 30d having a small bearing surface pressure is inserted.
  • the contact between the bolts 30a to 30d and the thickening plates 40a and 40b is equalized, and the bearing surface pressure is equalized at the bolts 30a to 30d as indicated by symbol ⁇ in FIG.
  • concentration of bearing surface pressure on one bolt 30 can be prevented, so the risk of breakage of the bolt 30 can be reduced.
  • the thickness increasing plates 40a and 40b by adopting a metal material of high strength for the thickness increasing plates 40a and 40b, only the thickness increasing plates 40a and 40b can be obtained without contacting the bolt 30 with the composite material plate 10 Can also be made to resist shear loads.
  • metal materials used for the thickness increasing plates 40a and 40b metal materials having high ductility, high strength and light weight are preferable.
  • metal materials having high ductility, high strength and light weight are preferable.
  • High nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, corrosion resistant steels such as A286 (AMS 5731, AMS 5737) and the like are particularly preferably used.
  • a resin base material used for the thickness increasing plates 40a and 40b for example, when CFRP is used for the composite material plate 10, a composite material having higher ductility than CFRP such as GFRP or AFRP may be mentioned.
  • a resin material not reinforced with fibers may also be adopted as the resin base material of the present invention.
  • a resin material having a strength equal to or higher than that of an epoxy resin such as polycarbonate and higher ductility than the composite material plate 10 Can be mentioned.
  • the thickening plates 40a and 40b attached to both surfaces of the composite plate 10 are provided, and the thickness of the thickening plates 40a and 40b Only the bearing area is increased, and the bearing surface pressure is reduced. Attaching the thickening plates 40a and 40b to the composite material plate 10 is less restricted and easier to manufacture than thickening the composite material itself as in the prior art. Further, according to the present invention, since the thickening plates 40a and 40b can be stuck only in the range where thickening is necessary, it is possible to make a lightweight and low cost structure without requiring an extra material. it can.
  • the thickening plates 40 a and 40 b are attached to both surfaces of the composite material plate 10. As described above, if the thickening plates 40 a and 40 b are attached to both sides of the composite material plate 10, compared to the case where the thickening plate 40 is adhered to only one surface of the composite material plate 10, Since stress distribution of the composite material board 10 can be made uniform, it is preferable. Further, since the contact area between the thickness increasing plate 40 and the composite material plate 10 is doubled, it is possible to reduce the shear force acting on one adhering surface to 1/2. However, the joint structure 1 of the composite material of the present invention is not limited to this, as long as at least one surface of the composite material is pasted with a thickening plate.
  • the joint structure 1 of the flat plate-shaped composite material plate 10 has been described as an example, but the composite material of the present invention is not limited to the flat plate-shaped composite material. It may be present.
  • the present invention can be used as a joint structure of a composite material formed of a composite material in the fields of aircraft, ships, automobiles and the like.

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Abstract

軽量かつ低コストの構造からなり、製造が容易で、大きいせん断荷重に対して抵抗できる複合材の継手構造を提供することを目的とし、複合材料により形成された複合材の継手構造（１）において、前記複合材（１０）の少なくとも一面に貼着された増厚用プレート（４０ａ、４０ｂ）を備え、前記複合材（１０）、前記増厚用プレート（４０ａ、４０ｂ）および前記複合材に接合される前記相手側部材（２０）に形成されている貫通孔（２４、２６）に締結部材（３０）を挿通して固定することで、前記複合材（１０）と前記相手側部材（２０）とが締結される。

Description

複合材の継手構造
　本発明は、複合材料により形成された複合材の継手構造に関する。
　繊維を強化材料とし、樹脂をマトリクス材料とするＣＦＲＰ（炭素繊維強化プラスチック）、ＧＦＲＰ（ガラス繊維強化プラスチック）、ＢＦＲＰ（ボロン繊維強化プラスチック）、ＡＦＲＰ（アラミド繊維強化プラスチック）などの繊維強化複合材料（以下、「複合材料」と言う）は、軽量かつ高強度の材料として、様々な分野において利用されている。例えば、強化材料に炭素繊維を用いたＣＦＲＰは、極めて高い強度と軽さを併せ持ち、航空機、船舶、自動車などの各産業分野において幅広く利用されている。
　このような複合材料からなる複合材に接合対象である相手側部材を接合する場合には、図５に示したように、複合材板１０（複合材）および相手側部材２０のフランジ部２０ａに形成されている貫通孔２４にボルト３０等の締結体を挿通し、ナット３２を締めてボルト３０を固定することで、複合材板１０と相手側部材２０とを締結する継手構造１´が採用されることが多い。
　この種の継手構造１´では、相手側部材２０に水平力Ｈ´が作用し、複合材板１０と相手側部材２０とがずれる方向にせん断荷重が作用する場合には、ナット３２を強く締めて複合材板１０と相手側部材２０とをボルト軸力にて強固に締結し、両者間の接合面における摩擦力によって、せん断荷重に抵抗する。しかしながら、例えば航空機の主翼スキンに複合材板１０を用いる場合などには、安全側の設計となるように、ナット３２が緩んだ場合でも、ボルト３０の複合材板１０との当接部（図５のａ´部）の面圧（ベアリング面圧）によって、せん断荷重に抵抗できるように設計される。
　そして、作用する水平力Ｈが大きい場合には、ボルト３０の本数を増やし、またボルト３０を大きなサイズに変更するが、それらでも対応が困難な場合には、図６に示したように、複合材板１０´を増厚し、ボルト３０の複合材板１０´との当接部ａ´の面積（ベアリング面積）を増加させることで、ベアリング面圧を許容値以下に抑えるように設計される。
特開昭５８－７１１５１号公報
　しかしながら、上述した複合材板１０´の増厚は、以下に示すように、複合材の製造上の課題が多いものであった。
　すなわち、図７の（ａ）に模式的に示したように、複合材板１０は、繊維と樹脂とからなるシート状の複合材料成形用素材１０ａが積層されて一体化されることで形成されている。したがって、増厚した複合材板１０´を形成する場合には、図７の（ｂ）に拡大して示したように、複合材料成形用素材１０ａとは別に、これとは長さの異なる複合材料成形用素材１０ａ´を用意し、これをテーパ状に積層して一体化する必要があり、製造に手間およびコストがかかるものであった。
　また、複合材板１０´の板厚の変化率（テーパの傾斜角度）にも制約があり、あまり急激に板厚を変化させることはできない。このため、増圧が必要な範囲以外の部分も増厚されてしまい、余分な材料が必要になるとともに、複合材板１０´の重量が増加してしまうとの問題がある。
　また、特許文献１には、複合材製品のファスナー継手構造として、複合材製品の継手部に渦巻き状に巻いてなる複合材のボスを設置し、このボスを貫通する継手孔にボルト等の締結体を挿通させる継手構造が開示されている。しかしながら、この特許文献１の継手構造では、複合材製品の継手部に渦巻き状のボスを設置するが難しいとの問題がある。
　本発明はこのような従来技術の課題に鑑みなされた発明であって、軽量かつ低コストの構造からなり、製造が容易で、大きいせん断荷重に対して抵抗できる複合材の継手構造を提供することを目的としている。
　本発明は、上述したような従来技術における課題および目的を達成するために発明されたものであって、
　本発明の複合材の継手構造は、
　複合材料により形成された複合材の継手構造において、
　前記複合材の少なくとも一面に貼着された増厚用プレートを備え、
　前記複合材、前記増厚用プレートおよび前記複合材に接合される相手側部材に形成されている貫通孔に締結部材を挿通して固定することで、前記複合材と前記相手側部材とが締結されることを特徴とする。
　このように本発明の複合材の継手構造は、複合材の少なくとも一面に貼着された増厚用プレートを備えており、増厚用プレートの厚み分だけベアリング面積が増加し、ベアリング面圧が抑えられるようになっている。このような増厚用プレートの貼着は、複合材自体の増厚よりも制約が少なく製造が容易である。また、増厚が必要な範囲だけに増厚用プレートを貼着することができるため、余分な材料を必要とせず、軽量かつ低コストの構造とすることができる。
　なお、本発明において「貼着」とは、複合材に増厚用プレートを貼り付けることを意味する。具体的な貼着方法としては、接着剤によって複合材に増厚用プレートを接着する方法のほか、粘着剤を介して複合材に増厚用プレートを積層し、機械的に圧着する方法、および複合材および増厚用プレートが熱硬化性樹脂を含む場合には、両者を積層した状態で加熱して一体化する方法等も含まれる。
　上記発明において、前記増厚用プレートは、前記複合材と同じ複合材料により形成することができる。
　このように、増厚用プレートを複合材と同じ複合材料により形成すれば、両者間で熱膨張差が生じないため、温度変化に伴う熱応力・熱変形の影響を受けずに、貼着品質が安定する。
　また上記発明において、前記増厚用プレートは、金属材料によって形成することができる。
　このように、増厚用プレートを金属材料によって形成することで、金属材料の性質を活かした複合材の継手構造とすることができる。すなわち、例えば増厚用プレートを延性の高い金属材料によって形成するとともに、複合材に形成されている貫通孔を増厚用プレートに形成されている貫通孔よりも大径に形成することで、後述するように、複数の締結体間におけるベアリング面圧の均等化を図ることができる。
　また上記発明において、前記増圧用プレートは、前記複合材よりも延性の高い樹脂基材料によって形成することができる。
　このように、増厚用プレートを複合材よりも延性の高い樹脂基材料によって形成し、且つ複合材に形成されている貫通孔を増厚用プレートに形成されている貫通孔よりも大径に形成することで、後述するように、複数の締結体間におけるベアリング面圧の均等化を図ることができる。
　また例えば、高強度の金属材料を採用し、さらに、複合材に形成されている貫通孔を増厚用プレートに形成されている貫通孔よりも大径に形成することで、締結体と複合材とは当接させずに、増厚用プレートだけでせん断荷重に抵抗する構造とすることもできる。
　また上記発明において、前記増厚用プレートは、前記複合材の両面に貼着されていることが望ましい。
　このように、増厚用プレートが複合材の両面に貼着されていれば、複合材の一面にだけ増厚用プレートが貼着されている場合と比べて、複合材の応力分布を一様にすることができる。また、増厚用プレートと複合材との貼着面積が２倍となるため、貼着面に作用するせん断力を１／２に低減することができる。
　本発明によれば、複合材に増厚用プレートを貼着することでベアリング面積を増加させ、過大なベアリング面圧が作用するのを防いでいる。このため、複合材自体を増厚する従来の複合材の継手構造と比べて、軽量かつ低コストの構造からなり、製造が容易で、大きいせん断荷重に対して抵抗することができる複合材の継手構造を提供することができる。
本発明の複合材の継手構造の一実施形態を示した図である。 図１の（ａ）のＡ部を拡大して示した断面図である。 本発明の別の実施形態の複合材の継手構造を示した図である。 ボルト位置とベアリング面圧との関係を示したグラフである。 従来の複合材の継手構造を示した断面図である。 従来の複合材の継手構造を示した断面図である。 図６のＡ´部およびＢ´部を模式的に示した概略断面図である。
　以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面に基づいてより詳細に説明する。
　ただし、本発明の範囲は以下の実施形態に限定されるものではない。以下の実施形態に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対配置などは、特に記載がない限り、本発明の範囲をそれにのみ限定する趣旨ではなく、単なる説明例に過ぎない。
　図１は、本発明の複合材の継手構造の一実施形態を示した図であり、（ａ）は平面図、（ｂ）はａ－ａ線における断面図である。
　図１に示したように、本発明の一実施形態の複合材の継手構造１は、複合材料により形成された平板状の複合材板１０（複合材）の継手構造であり、複数（２本×４列）のボルト３０およびナット３２（締結体）により、複合材板１０に相手側部材２０が接合されている。
　本発明において複合材料とは、繊維を強化材料とし、樹脂をマトリクス材料とする繊維強化複合材料を意味する。具体的には、強化材料が炭素繊維とからなるＣＦＲＰ（炭素繊維強化プラスチック）、ガラス繊維からなるＧＦＲＰ（ガラス繊維強化プラスチック）、ボロン繊維からなるＢＦＲＰ（ボロン繊維強化プラスチック）、アラミド繊維からなるＡＦＲＰ（アラミド繊維強化プラスチック）などである。
　複合材板１０に接合される相手側部材２０は、複合材板１０と同じ複合材料から形成される部材であってもよく、その他の材料によって形成される部材であってもよく、特に限定されない。本実施形態では、この相手側部材２０に対して大きな水平力Ｈが作用しており、これにより、複合材板１０と相手側部材２０との接合面にせん断力が作用している。また、複合材板１０に作用するせん断力の反力として、ボルト３０の複合材板１０との当接部（図１の（ｂ）のａ部）には、ベアリング面圧が作用している。
　また、図１に示したように、複合材板１０の両面には、増厚用プレート４０ａおよび４０ｂが貼着されている。本実施形態では、樹脂系接着剤によって、増厚用プレート４０ａおよび４０ｂが複合材板１０の両面に接着されている。なお、本発明において「貼着」とは、複合材に増厚用プレートを貼り付けることを意味するものとし、具体的な貼着方法としては、上述した接着以外にも、粘着剤を介して複合材に増厚用プレートを積層して機械的に圧着する方法や、複合材および増厚用プレートが熱硬化性樹脂を含む場合には、両者を積層した状態で加熱して一体化する方法等で貼着されたものであってもよいものである。
　そして、図２に拡大して示したように、複合材板１０、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂおよび相手側部材２０のフランジ部２０ａに形成されている貫通孔２４に、ボルト３０を挿通し、ナット３２で締め付けて固定することで、複合材板１０と相手側部材２０とが締結される。このように、複合材板１０に増厚用プレート４０ａおよび４０ｂが接着されていれば、増厚用プレート４０ａおよび４０ｂの厚み分だけベアリング面積を増加させ、ベアリング面圧を小さくすることができる。
　増厚用プレート４０ａおよび４０ｂは、複合材板１０と同じ複合材料により形成することもできるし、複合材板１０とは異なる材料で形成することもできる。複合材板１０の用途等に応じて、適当な材料を選択して用いればよい。増厚用プレート４０ａおよび４０ｂを複合材板１０とは異なる材料で形成する場合は、後述する理由により、複合材板１０よりも延性が高い材料、例えば金属材料や複合材板１０よりも延性が高い樹脂基材料によって形成することが好ましい。
　増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂを複合材板１０と同じ複合材料により形成する場合のメリットとしては、複合材板１０と増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂとの間で熱膨張差が生じないため、温度変化に伴う熱応力・熱変形の影響を受けずに、貼着品質が安定する点が挙げられる。
　また、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂを金属材料によって形成する場合のメリットとしては、金属材料の性質を活かした複合材板１０の継手構造とすることができることが挙げられる。具体的には、例えば増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂを延性の高い金属材料によって形成するとともに、複合材板１０に形成されている貫通孔を増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂに形成されている貫通孔よりも大径に形成することで、ボルト３０ａ～３０ｄにおいて、作用するベアリング面圧を均等化することができる。また、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂを複合材板１０よりも延性が高い樹脂基材料によって形成する場合のメリットも同様であり、複合材板１０に形成されている貫通孔を増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂに形成されている貫通孔よりも大径に形成することで、ボルト３０ａ～３０ｄにおいて、作用するベアリング面圧を均等化することができる。このことについて、図３および図４に基づいて説明する。
　図３は、本発明の別の実施形態の複合材の継手構造を示した図であり、（ａ）は断面図、（ｂ）はＢ部の拡大図である。また、図４は、ボルト位置とベアリング面圧との関係を示したグラフであり、図中の符号αは、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂに非延性材料を用いた場合のグラフ、符号ベータは、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂに延性の高い材料（例えば金属材料）を用いた場合のグラフである。
　図３に示した複合材の継手構造１は、上述した実施形態とは異なり、複合材板１０、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂおよび相手側部材２０のフランジ部２０ａに形成されている貫通孔２６の内、複合材板１０の貫通孔２６ａが、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂの貫通孔２６ｂよりも大径に形成されている。
　そして、図４の符号αに示したように、ベアリング面圧は、水平力Ｈの作用位置に近いボルト３０ａが最も大きく、水平力Ｈの作用位置から遠ざかるにつれ小さくなっていくが、貫通孔２６が上述した如く形成され、且つ増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂに、金属材料や複合材板１０よりも延性が高い樹脂基材料を用いた場合は、ボルト３０が挿通される貫通孔２６において、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂに形成されている貫通孔２６ｂとボルト３０ａとが当接し、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂが塑性変形して貫通孔２６ｂが拡径する。この拡径量は、ベアリング面圧が大きいボルト３０ａが挿通される貫通孔２６が最も大きく、ベアリング面圧が小さいボルト３０ｄが挿通される貫通孔２６が最も小さくなる。これにより、ボルト３０ａ～３０ｄと増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂとの当たりが均一化され、図４の符号βに示したように、ボルト３０ａ～３０ｄにおいて、ベアリング面圧が均等化される。これにより、一つのボルト３０にベアリング面圧が集中することを防ぐことができるため、ボルト３０の破損リスクを低減することができる。
　また例えば、本実施形態において、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂに高強度の金属材料を採用することで、ボルト３０と複合材板１０とは当接させずに、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂだけでせん断荷重に抵抗する構造にすることもできる。
　本発明において、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂに用いられる金属材料としては、高延性、高強度で且つ軽量な金属材料が好ましく、例えばチタン合金、ＭＰ－３５Ｎ（ＡＭＳ５７５８）やＩｎｃｏ６００（ＡＭＳ５６８７）等の高ニッケル合金やコバルト合金、Ａ２８６（ＡＭＳ５７３１、ＡＭＳ５７３７）等の耐食鋼等が、特に好適に用いられる。
　また本発明において、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂに用いられる樹脂基材料としては、例えば複合材板１０にＣＦＲＰを用いる場合にはＧＦＲＰやＡＦＲＰなどのＣＦＲＰよりも延性の高い複合材料が挙げられる。また、本発明の樹脂基材料としては繊維強化されていない樹脂材料も採用可能であり、例えばポリカーボネート等、エポキシ樹脂と同等以上の強度を有し、且つ複合材板１０よりも延性の高い樹脂材料が挙げられる。
　以上のとおり、本発明の複合材の継手構造１によれば、複合材板１０の両面に貼着された増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂを備えており、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂの厚み分だけベアリング面積が増加し、ベアリング面圧が抑えられるようになっている。増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂを複合材板１０に貼着することは、従来のように、複合材自体を増厚することよりも制約が少なく製造が容易である。また、本発明によれば、増厚が必要な範囲だけに増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂを貼着することができるため、余分な材料を必要とせず、軽量かつ低コストの構造とすることができる。
　なお、上述した実施形態では、複合材板１０の両面に増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂが貼着されていた。このように、増厚用プレート４０ａ、４０ｂが複合材板１０の両面に貼着されていれば、複合材板１０の一面にだけ増厚用プレート４０が貼着されている場合と比べて、複合材板１０の応力分布を一様にすることができるため好ましい。また、増厚用プレート４０と複合材板１０との接触面積が２倍となるため、一つの貼着面に作用するせん断力を１／２に低減することができる。
　しかしながら本発明の複合材の継手構造１はこれに限定されず、少なくとも複合材の一面に増厚用プレートが貼着されていればよいものである。
　また、上述した実施形態では、平板状の複合材板１０の継手構造１を例に説明したが、本発明の複合材は平板状の複合材には限定されず、例えば、管状の複合材であってもよいものである。
　以上、本発明の好ましい形態について説明したが、本発明は上記の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の目的を逸脱しない範囲での種々の変更が可能である。
　本発明は、複合材料により形成された複合材の継手構造として、航空機、船舶、自動車などの各分野において利用することができる。

Claims (6)

  1. 　複合材料により形成された複合材の継手構造において、
    　前記複合材の少なくとも一面に貼着された増厚用プレートを備え、
    　前記複合材、前記増厚用プレートおよび前記複合材に接合される相手側部材に形成されている貫通孔に締結部材を挿通して固定することで、前記複合材と前記相手側部材とが締結されることを特徴とする複合材の継手構造。
  2. 　前記増厚用プレートは、前記複合材と同じ複合材料により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１の記載の複合材の継手構造。
  3. 　前記増厚用プレートは、金属材料によって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の複合材の継手構造。
  4. 　前記増圧用プレートは、前記複合材よりも延性の高い樹脂基材料によって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の複合材の継手構造。
  5. 　前記複合材に形成されている貫通孔が、前記増厚用プレートに形成されている貫通孔よりも、大径に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項３または４に記載の複合材の継手構造。
  6. 　前記増厚用プレートは、前記複合材の両面に貼着されていることを特徴とする請求項１から５のいずれかに記載の複合材の継手構造。
PCT/JP2012/082644 2011-12-20 2012-12-17 複合材の継手構造 WO2013099673A1 (ja)

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