WO2013098495A1

WO2013098495A1 - Panel intended to form a lost form panel for the production of walls

Info

Publication number: WO2013098495A1
Application number: PCT/FR2012/052443
Authority: WO
Inventors: Guy Sarremejeanne
Original assignee: Ingerec
Priority date: 2011-12-30
Filing date: 2012-10-24
Publication date: 2013-07-04
Also published as: BR112014015704A8; FR2985275B1; EP2798129A1; FR2985275A1; AU2012360752B2; AU2012360752A1; BR112014015704A2; IN2014CN04411A

Abstract

The invention relates to a panel (1) intended to form a lost form panel for the production of walls, said panel (1) comprising a plurality of circular recesses (10) parallel to each other and each extending between a so-called upper ridge (AS) and a so-called lower ridge (AI) of the panel, said circular recesses (10) being distributed over the whole of the panel (1) between two lateral edges (RL) and being separated by a distance of between 3 centimetres and twice the diameter of the circular recesses (10), a sealing line (11) positioned at the bottom of the panel connecting the circular recesses (10) and perpendicular to said recesses, and at least one so-called side locking opening (12) between each lateral edge (RL) and the closest circular recess (10).

Description

Title of the invention

Panel intended to constitute a lost wall for the manufacture of walls

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the general field of panels used in the building construction sector with ease of implementation and speed. Many products in such an approach are known. There are prestressed beams, prestressed plaster and hollow slabs for the construction of floors.

In this context, solutions allowing a quick and easy construction of walls develop in the construction industry. The products covered by the invention are semi-finished products, such semi-finished products constituting provisional phases, which can be used for the construction of vertical structures made of structural concrete for building and civil engineering works without the use of reusable formwork materials. The use of such conventional formwork means is, in fact, a consumer process of specialized labor that the building sector wants to reduce or eliminate.

It is a question of proposing a semi-product acting as a lost piece in the wall finally obtained.

In the currently known products, two concrete plates 5 to 7 cm thick, called "slabs", are associated with each other, face to face and separated by reinforcements connecting the two concrete slabs to constitute the "precast wall". A precast wall of this type is among others in US 4731971. The method of manufacturing such semi-products involves the casting of a first concrete thickness in which reinforcements are arranged. Following the thermo-maturation and extraction of the mold of the first concrete plate thus obtained and carrying the reinforcements, another slab is manufactured according to the same procedure. The first concrete plate is then returned before curing the concrete of the second concrete plate, so as to embed the reinforcements of the first concrete plate in the concrete of the second plate. At the end of the thermo-maturation ensuring the solidification of the assembly, the mold pouring the horizontal concrete is tilted and the semi-product thus obtained is handled and stored vertically before its installation also vertical wall.

Several aspects are likely to increase the cost of preformed walls: on the one hand the duration of each thermomaturation cycle is of the order of thirteen hours, we note that with this realization the facilities are immobilized for two cycles and quantitatively unproductive. This doubling of the thermomaturation cycle is incompressible. On the other hand, the industrial tool required for the process involves heavy and expensive installations. However, these prefabricated walls are increasingly used as they allow a saving of specialized labor.

On the other hand, as much the transport of the semi-current products is economic thanks to their small size and mass, as much the need to transport the pre-formwork walls vertically is expensive. Indeed, given the small thickness of the two pre-slats used, as soon as the panel is inclined, the stiffness in the plane causes excessive deformation which leads to the systematic breakage of the assembly in the case where the semi-products are not transported vertically. This problem of handling and transport is observed even when using concretes with a high Young's modulus.

Thus, road transport requires the availability of suitable equipment, generally trailers to leave the elements on the spot so as not to immobilize the trucks in the unloading phases and not to immobilize the construction cranes for them. intermediate storage. This eliminates the use of any material handling. On the other hand, this involves managing the logistics of trailer rotations so that empty trailers are retrieved to be reloaded and reused for other routes.

Finally, it is known that the implementation of precast walls on site is subject to vertical stabilization by struts shooters fixed on concrete ballast whose mass is of the order of 500 kilos to one ton.

A final weakness of the pre-formwork walls is observed in the provisional phase when part of the structure is not definitive and must be stabilized. With prefabricated walls, it is not possible to set up and stack the upper structures, typically horizontal structures like floors, on them before concrete pouring. It is also not possible to achieve at once the pouring of concrete structures vertical and horizontal. Indeed, under the effect of a load applied vertically on its upper edge, if the precoated wall has not been previously filled with concrete, it is veiled and damages the stability of the structure and to the safety of people.

With preformed walls, it is therefore necessary to completely stabilize the wall during pouring and complete hydration of concrete before laying a floor. This increases the time of construction and construction of the works. It is also known that the pre-formwork walls, even if they allow the initial integration of openings in the wall of windows or doors type, this integration involves resorting to the use of wood formwork to stop the concrete to the right around. openings between the two walls facing each other. This is how the pre-walled wall suffers from a lack of flexibility in the windows and supports type finishes and remains limited to relatively marginal uses.

Ultimately, the use of pre-formwork walls is relatively expensive since in 80% of cases, costs are 50 to 60% higher than those of conventional techniques.

Also, the lack of rigidity in the plan and the impossibility of superimposing elements and to realize in a single phase the walls and the floors of a construction are weaknesses from the point of view of the speed of the construction.

Other products consisting of hollow core slabs are also known as in GB 1 127 219. These hollow core slabs for the manufacture of floors are not suitable for the construction of walls.

Object and summary of the invention

The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of pre-formwork walls and to propose a product intended to be completed by pouring concrete for the construction of walls easily and quickly while allowing free handling of the semi-product making up lost.

The invention thus proposes a panel intended to constitute a lost form for the manufacture of walls, this panel forming a concrete monolith block comprising: a plurality of cylindrical reservations with circular sections known as circular reservations, parallel to each other and extending in a longitudinal direction of the panel, between a so-called upper bank and a so-called lower bank of the panel, these circular reservations being distributed over the entire panel between two lateral edges and spaced apart by a distance of between 3 centimeters and twice the diameter of the circular reservations in the transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the panel, preferably regularly spaced in said transverse direction,

- A sealing pipe placed at the foot of the panel connecting the circular reservations and perpendicular thereto, the sealing pipe being intended to be filled with concrete when using the panel, - a lower edge forming a so-called continuous lower recess along its entire length in said transverse direction, delimited by two lower edges, said support, extending in said transverse direction, arranged preferably symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal and transverse median plane of the panel, this lower recess being intended for be filled with concrete when using the lost-wall panel,

an asymmetric top edge forming a said continuous upper recess extending along its entire length in the transverse direction between an upper support edge, capable of receiving and supporting a horizontal slab, and an upper edge, referred to as a retention edge, two upper supporting and respectively retaining edges extending along the length of the upper edge in said transverse direction, said upper support edge reaching a height greater than said upper retention edge, said retention edge being suitable retain the poured concrete over said horizontal slab resting on said upper support ridge, and

metal reinforcements incorporated in the concrete outside said circular reservations and said sealing channel, extending at least over the length of the panel in said transverse direction of the panel, and

lateral banks each forming a lateral recess, each delimited by two so-called lateral edges, said lateral edges and edges extending in said longitudinal direction, preferably symmetrically with respect to a said longitudinal and transverse median plane of the panel, each obviously lateral being continuous along the entire length of each said lateral bank in the longitudinal direction of the panel, each lateral recess being intended to be filled with concrete at the junction of the panel with a lateral bank of another panel during the manufacture of a wall, lateral armatures opening from said lateral banks extending outside the panel in said transverse direction of the panel, and

at least one so-called lateral securing reservation at each lateral bank, extending in said transverse direction between an opening at each lateral bank and the nearest circular reservation.

Preferably, the panel comprises a single said sealing channel. We understand that:

said panel comprises two opposite planar main parallel faces whose upper, lateral and lower edges of the two faces delimit said upper, lateral and lateral edges. respectively lower which form the edges on the edge of the thickness of the panel; and

each of the two opposite main parallel faces of the panel is delimited by an upper edge, two lateral edges and a lower edge; and

the so-called "longitudinal" and "transverse" directions correspond to the vertical and, respectively, horizontal directions of the two opposite main parallel faces of the panel, when said panel is placed vertically for use as a prefabricated wall element; and the so-called "upper" and "lower" positions, correspond to a position when said panel is placed vertically for use as a prefabricated wall element; and - the upper bank and lower bank are located at both ends of the panel in the longitudinal direction and extend in said transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the panel; and

the lateral edges are situated at both ends of the panel in the transverse direction and extend in said longitudinal direction of the panel; and

said longitudinal and transverse median plane of the panel is a plane parallel to the two opposite main parallel faces of the panel, said median plane extending in both longitudinal and transverse directions of the panel; and

the upper and lower edges have in section in a longitudinal (vertical) plane perpendicular to the two opposite parallel faces of the panel, that is to say in the thickness of the panel delimited by two said upper edges or, respectively, lower, a concave or hollow contour shape, and said lateral edges have in section in a transverse plane perpendicular to the two opposite parallel faces of the panel, that is to say still in the thickness of the panel delimited by two edges lateral, a concave or hollow contour shape; and

the term "edge" is here used extensively because said ridges each have a small flat outer free face perpendicular to the opposite faces of the panel, each said small face delimiting an end of a said main face of the panel, each so-called small face plane of edge being thus able to serve as a support or support surface.

The invention proposes to use a principle of cellular slabs with a very particular structure specifically adapted to the construction of walls with lateral junctions, upper and lower, optimal for building with ease and speed.

The use of parallel circular reservations between them provides a lightweight honeycomb structure while ensuring a very good behavior from the point of view of arch effects under the effect of hydrostatic pressure. Indeed, the constraints on circular reservations are isotropic unlike other sections of reservations and the rigidity obtained is optimal. This allows a very free handling of the panels thus obtained, the rigidity of the panel is indeed close to that of a solid slab, even though the weight of the semi-product is radically reduced compared to a solid slab.

Also, the circular reservations and the sealing line provide access to a very efficient and secure installation of wall panels. Indeed, when solid slabs are concrete pouring is only possible on the sides of the panels which reduces the properties of the connection at the foot of the wall.

One of the advantages of the semi-products according to the invention is to allow one-piece casting of the concrete in and between two adjacent panels and at the interface with horizontal structures, on which they are laid. The joining of two panels placed laterally relative to each other is therefore optimal with the semi-products of the invention, whereas with solid panels, it is known that the result obtained is not satisfactory. a mechanical point of view.

The sealing pipe once filled with concrete by pouring concrete in a said vertical circular reservation ensures communication between the vertical circular reservations and allows an optimal concrete continuity, both in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction, in panel foot, in the zone where the hydrostatic pressure is maximum, and in the vicinity of the nodes of the structure constituted by the focal point of the walls formed from said panels and floors or lower structures on which the panels are laid.

In addition, the use of lost form according to the invention allows a better incorporation of the first phase concrete into the final volume by having a greater contact area with the second phase concrete. This makes it possible to limit the microfissurations. The first phase and second phase concretes are two concretes integral with each other but incorporated at different instants or at different ages to form a final monolithic unit. Because of the lower continuous continuous bottom edge, a maximum contact surface is obtained between the first phase concrete of a lower structure in place on which the panel is laid, and the concrete of second phase that we sink in the lower obviously by the circular reservations.

Because the reinforcements are outside the circular reservations, they are located relatively closer to the main external faces of the panel which gives a better resistance to bending of the panel. In addition, in the case of prefabricated walls, the distance between the frame and the outside nude of the wall is of the order of 6 cm. This arrangement is likely to promote the formation of microcracks because the interface between the two plates is "dry" on 5 cm. The surface indentations during pouring of the concrete further move the frame 1 cm away from the outer face. With the lost branch, this distance is only 3 cm, the thickness of concrete present between the circular reservations and the outer face. In addition, the interface between two lost banks, located at the lateral banks, is not a dry interface because it serves as a bond between the first and second phase concrete. This provision is likely to limit the initiation of microcracks. The dry interface is only 2 cm in the case of the lost form. In total, the interfacing surface is 1.5 times larger.

Due to the combination of the continuous lateral recesses equipped with the lateral reinforcements by opening said transverse securing reservations, one obtains optimum lateral joining with a single continuous transverse reservation of said sealing pipe.

With the invention, one combines the advantages of elegant slabs and those of the pre-walled wall for the realization of the junction between two panels placed side by side or one above the other. In addition it is noted that the presence of the lateral recesses, upper and lower on each panel allows to obtain a weight still less and pouring a concrete blocking a single block within each panel and between the two panels by filling the side recesses or upper / lower. The absence of lateral recesses or upper / lower would lead to a junction between the two panels of hazardous quality and can lead very quickly to disorders in the construction. It is noted that with the invention, the presence of the lateral fastening opening between each side bank and the nearest circular reservation is essential because it ensures the creation of a concrete monoblock when pouring between the circular reservations and the lateral recess which makes the connection, after filling with the panel directly adjacent to the panel considered. The features of the invention allow each panel to be linked to each of the panels that adjoin it through the concrete that is poured into it and in the interstice formed between the panels through the presence of the recesses.

Note also that the sealing pipe not only determines the obtaining of a monolithic block of concrete on the foot of the panel, but also a very simple casting in one of the parallel circular reservations of the slab. Indeed, the sealing channel allows the circulation of still liquid concrete between the circular reservations, and thus the filling of the panel using a single circular reservation to pour the concrete.

With the sealing pipe, the connections of the cylindrical cells are made to one another. This limits cracking of the panel. Lower, upper and lateral recesses also allow a form of connection between the cylindrical cells of two adjacent panels.

Finally, an essential advantage of the one-piece panel according to the invention is its simplified method of manufacture as defined below.

According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the sealing pipe is located at a distance greater than 3 centimeters from the lower edge (and therefore from the lower recess).

According to this characteristic, the sealing pipe is separated from the lower recess at the level of the partitions between the circular reservations. The material is present at these partitions on a height greater than 3 centimeters.

This ensures the separation of the junction functions with the lower panel achieved through the lower recess and sealing function and filling circular reservations in one step.

According to a preferred feature, a said lateral fastening reservation is aligned with the sealing pipe at each end thereof. The presence of such a lateral fastening reservation aligned with the sealing pipe makes it possible to obtain a concrete monolith block running not only in the panel between its two lateral banks but also on the sides or in the neighboring panel. This ensures a double-maintenance on the bottom of the panel by a monoblock of concrete located generally horizontally above the monobloc also filling the lower recess.

However, it is noted here that, according to an additional preferential characteristic of the invention, a plurality of fastening openings is distributed along the lateral banks.

Such a characteristic makes it possible to ensure a greater two-dimensional joining of the panel considered with the adjacent side panel and with the adjacent lower panel. Indeed, we obtain a form of monoblock of concrete in the form of double comb, one horizontal, on the bottom of the panel and the other vertical, on the side of the panel.

According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the circular reservations are separated from the banks and between them by a distance of between 3 centimeters and the diameter of the circular reservations.

With such a characteristic, it ensures a particularly interesting reduction of the mass of the panel while ensuring proper rigidity of the panel.

According to another particular characteristic of the invention, the sealing channel has a section in a longitudinal plane perpendicular to said longitudinal and transverse median plane of the panel, of surface greater than or equal to the surface of said circular section of the circular reservations in a plane. transverse perpendicular to said median plane.

It is understood that when said panel has its main faces placed vertically, the circular section of said circular reservations is a section in a horizontal plane and the section of said sealing pipe is a section in a vertical plane.

This feature ensures good circulation of concrete between circular reservations during filling. Advantageously, said transverse lateral reinforcements protrude from said vertically extending lateral edges defining said lateral recess, the protrusion being a distance less than the depth of the lateral recess, said lateral reinforcements being distributed, preferably that regularly distributed, over any the length of the panel in said longitudinal direction of the panel.

More particularly, in order to respect the minimum steel percentages defined by the reinforced concrete standard, said reinforcements extending in said transverse direction have a cumulative steel section of at least 1.2 cm ² in 1 linear meter of panel in the longitudinal direction of the panel.

Advantageously, said steel reinforcements incorporated in the concrete mass comprise steel rods extending in both longitudinal and transverse directions of the panel.

The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a panel intended to constitute a lost form for the manufacture of walls according to the invention. This process comprises the steps of:

on a concrete casting surface, placing two so-called lower combs on either side of a concrete pouring plane, each lower comb comprising the same plurality of semicircular notches separated from one another said distance interval between 3 cm and twice the diameter of the notches;

placing a plurality of inflatable tubes above the casting plane between the two lower combs and perpendicular thereto, this plurality of tubes being side by side, parallel to each other, resting in the notches of the lower combs;

placing two so-called upper combs, each upper comb comprising the same plurality of semicircular notches separated from one another by the gap distance, above the lower combs and tubes placed therein, the inflatable tubes then being installed in the notches of the combs, each upper and lower comb assembly having the negative profile of the lower bank or the upper bank; - place a metal frame on the inflatable tubes;

placing gap spacers creating a sealing pipe, lost or not, between the inflatable tubes, these spacer blocks being aligned along a line perpendicular to the tubes; - Place, on each side of the plurality of tubes, lateral sidewall forms parallel to the tubes, these forms allowing reinforcements to protrude laterally from the edge casing and having the negative profile of the lateral recesses;

placing at least one edge wedge on each side of the future panel between the edge formings and the nearest tube to carry out a said fastening reservation;

- connect a device for inflating the tubes at one end thereof;

- inflate the tubes which then block the shims between the tubes and between the edge casing and the nearest tube;

- Pour the concrete to the top of the combs and covering the tubes and holds; - wait for the concrete to harden completely;

- extract the inflatable tubes;

- remove the upper combs;

- clear the edge forms; separating the lost panel forming the panel thus obtained from the pouring plane of the concrete;

- extract the holds if they are not lost.

This method associated with the invention allows the manufacture of a panel according to the invention in a particularly fast and simple manner.

It uses an inflatable formwork principle composed of a membrane made from a textile-reinforced rubber matrix (sometimes referred to as a "bladder") inflated by pressure of an injected gas. The inflatable form for the invention consists of a plurality of inflatable and expandable tubes plugged at each end.

This method makes it very easy to obtain circular reservations in concrete and thus the manufacture of the lost form according to the invention. However, the invention involves the use of particular elements to print the elegant slab of concrete, the features of the invention. Thus the particularities of the upper and lower combs and edge forms make it possible to ensure the presence of these particular technical characteristics. Also, the use of shims between the various tubes of the inflatable formwork allows the realization of the pipe of sealing in a particularly simple manner and the realization of lateral fastening openings.

It is noted here that in the case where openings of the window or door type are required in the panel to be obtained, the tubes used are shorter and stop either above or below the intended opening. In the case of the realization of a window, one obtains then a portion of wall monoblock respectively below or above the opening. However, the mass gain on the panel remains interesting with the invention. Depending on the intended application, it will be chosen that the tubes are placed above or below the opening.

In the case where the tubes are placed below the opening, they have access to the sealing pipe, which allows filling at the same time as the other circular reservations.

On the other hand, in the case where the tubes are placed so as to be above the opening, their filling is not accessible by the sealing pipe and the filling of the circular reservations is done in a conventional manner by the top of the sign.

However, in this case, specific shims may be installed at the time of manufacture of the panel so as to allow these circular reservations located above the sealing pipe to communicate with neighboring circular reservations to avoid having to fill independently the circular reservations thus placed above the opening.

It should also be noted that a step of inserting recoverable cones, typically 20 mm in diameter and of length equal to the thickness of the finished wall, can be carried out before the step pouring concrete. This makes it possible to ensure the passage of threaded rods for the fixing of shutters once the cones removed from the form finally obtained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment having no limiting character. In the figures:

FIGS. 1A and 1B respectively show a perspective view of the upper part of a panel according to the invention (the circular sections of the circular reservations 10 appear there flattened because of the optical effect in perspective) and a view in perspective of the lower part of a panel according to the invention also showing the dotted internal structures; Figures 2A to 2H show the progress of the method according to the invention in a sectional view taken in one of the circular reservations parallel thereto;

FIGS. 3A to 31 show the same method in a sectional view made between the circular reservations in a plane parallel thereto;

Figures 4A to 4J show the progress of the method according to the invention in a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the circular reservations of the panel finally obtained; FIGS. 5A to 5E respectively show front views of the upper and lower combs, a front view of the assembly of two combs and two sectional views of the upper and lower combs placed at the top and bottom of the panel; first cut being made in one cell and the second between the circular reservations;

FIGS. 6A to 6D show a preferred embodiment of the spacer blocks used between the tubes making it possible to produce circular reservations according to the method of the invention;

Figure 7 shows an example of particularly advantageous edge formwork;

FIGS. 8A to 8C show a first phase of laying a panel according to the invention side by side with another panel according to the invention;

Figures 9A to 9C show the second phase of this method of laying;

Figures 10A to 10C show the third phase of this laying process, before concrete pouring in and between the two panels.

Detailed description of an embodiment

FIG. 1A shows a panel 1 according to the invention comprising a plurality of parallel circular reservations 10 extending in the vertical longitudinal direction of the panel between an upper edge AS and a lower edge AI visible in FIG. 1B, regularly spaced in the transverse direction of the panel perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The upper bank AS has a recess ES along its entire length. The upper bank AS is asymmetrical and the upper recess ES, practiced along the entire length of the upper bank which is asymmetrical. This dissymmetry defines an upper edge, said support, noted SAS and an upper edge, said retention, denoted FR. This retention ridge FR serves as a lost formwork for stopping the concrete when pouring the concrete to secure the floor with the wall. The edges FR can be ribbed at the level of the circular reservations 10 to stiffen them. The panel 1 further has vertical lateral edges denoted RL, each having a recess EL over their entire length. Due to the presence of the recess EL, each lateral bank RL thus has two lateral edges SAL visible in FIGS. 1A and 1B. At the side edges RL open lateral joining frames denoted A ', said transverse lateral frames (Α') are arranged between the lateral edges and protrude in the transverse direction outside the panel, the overrun being a distance less than the depth of the lateral recess, the said side frames being distributed, preferably regularly distributed over the entire height of the panel.

Figure 1B shows the foot of the panel 1 according to the invention. In this figure, the lower edge AI is visible. It has a lower recess E along its entire length and in which open the circular reservations 10. This recess EL defines two so-called SAA support ridges symmetrical with respect to a transverse and vertical median plane of the panel. In addition, it is noted that the panel 1 comprises a sealing pipe denoted 11 and shown in dashed lines. This duct 11 connects all the circular reservations 10 above the recess E1. It advantageously has an oblong section, in a longitudinal (vertical) plane perpendicular to said longitudinal and transverse median plane of the panel, with a width of between and once the diameter of the circular reservations 10. It has here a surface section between 2 and 4 times the surface of a section of the circular reservations 10. It is particularly noted that the sealing pipe 11 is here separated from the lower recess E1. Advantageously, this separation distance will be greater than 3 centimeters so as to allow the concrete section present between the sealing pipe and the recess. mobilizes sufficient stress to oppose the tensile force induced by the hydrostatic pressure of the concrete at the bottom of the wall.

In addition, the panel 1 comprises a transverse securing reservation 12 between the most lateral circular reservation 10 and an opening of the lateral bank RL. Note that, in the embodiment shown, the lateral fastening reserve 12 is aligned with the sealing pipe 11. This is an advantageous characteristic since, in this case, during the filling of the two side panels, the continuity of the concrete matrix is ensured and makes a monolithic junction between the two sealing pipes of two neighboring panels.

It is found that, in the embodiment of Figure 1, a single reservation and opening solidarity is practiced. Nevertheless, it is advantageous to practice a plurality of reservation and opening solidarity throughout the length of the side bank, these reservations and fastening openings being distributed at regular intervals on the height of the panel. This allows the filling of the interstice between the panels by the concrete in several points. This results in a monoblock of concrete whose comb shape ensures a very good connection of the two panels.

Finally, it is noted that, in the embodiment of FIG. 1B, the sealing pipe 11 has a section, in a longitudinal plane perpendicular to said median plane of the panel, upper surface to the surface of the circular section in a horizontal plane of the circular reservations. Such a characteristic allows a good circulation of the concrete during filling by only one of the circular reservations in the sealing pipe 11.

Advantageously, the thickness of concrete is greater than 4 centimeters between the circular reservations 10 and the outside of the panel 1. The panel typically has a thickness of between 15 and 100 centimeters, preferably 16 to 30 cm, the diameter of the reservations circles ranging from 7 to 27 centimeters. A panel according to a particularly interesting embodiment has a thickness of 20 cm, circular reservations of 12 cm in diameter separated from the side edges of 5 cm and separated from each other by 4 cm. The recesses preferably have a depth of about ten centimeters. The sealing pipe 11 is advantageously located at about ten cm from the bearing edges SAA of the panel 1.

Figures 2, 3 and 4 respectively show the steps of the method according to the invention, in three different sectional views. The first, shown in Figure 2, is made in a circular reservation 10 parallel thereto. The second, shown in Figure 3, is made between the circular reservations parallel thereto. The third, shown in Figure 4, is made in a plane perpendicular to the circular reservations.

The first step of the process shown in FIGS. 2A and 3A consists in placing two combs, called lower Pils, PiS, extending parallel in a said transverse direction of the panel to be formed, on either side of a casting plane. PC. The profile seen from the front of a lower comb Pi is shown in FIG. 5A. These Pil and PiS combs thus comprise a plurality notches Ei distributed along the comb. The notches Ei have an inner contour section of semicircular shape adapted to receive and maintain the tubes 2 at their two longitudinal ends. It will be noted that, advantageously, the so-called lower PiS and Pil combs are spaced in the longitudinal direction so that their respective notches Ei can respectively support each end of the tubes 2. The notches Ei are separated from each other in the transverse direction of a distance between 3 centimeters and the diameter of the notches. A thickness of 3 centimeters is indeed the limit to obtain a correct concrete pouring and a sufficient resistance to tearing. The separation between the tubes can be up to twice the diameter of these. However, the advantage of the invention will then be reduced since the lightening of the panel will be low. The PiS and Pil combs also comprise a lateral recess profile PEL at their transverse ends on either side of the notches Ei.

In a second step shown in Figures 2B and 3B, there is a plurality of inflatable tubes 2 above the casting plane PC between the two lower combs Pil and PiS.

FIGS. 2B and 3B are also diagrammatically the third step according to the invention, which consists in placing so-called upper combs Psi and PsS comprising semicircular slots Esau above the tubes 2 themselves placed in the lower combs Pil and PiS.

A profile seen from the front of a comb Ps is shown in FIG. 5B. Here, the notches are oriented downwards as well as the lateral recess profile PEL. The notches Es are distributed at distances identical to those of the notches Ei of the lower combs PI. FIG. 5C shows a front view of the assembly of the PI and PS combs obtained following the steps carried out in FIGS. 2B and 3B.

Figures 5D and 5E show the specific cross-sectional profiles of the upper and lower combs. The upper and lower combs Pil and Psi arranged at the bottom of the panel and those PiS and PsS arranged at the top of the panel have different transverse profiles.

Figures 5D and 5E show two sectional views, one, 5D, made in the notches Ei and Es and the other, 5E, between these notches.

In both figures, the Pil and Psi combs intended to be placed on the bottom of the panel have lower recess profiles PEI. On the PiS and PsS combs intended to be placed on the top of the panel appear upper recess profiles PES, these profiles are negatives of the recesses as finally obtained on the panels according to the invention.

FIG. 4A shows a step of the method according to the invention not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 which consists of the incorporation of reinforcing rods A placed perpendicularly to the tubes 2 conferring on the panel a resistance to the horizontal shrinkage of the concrete which is the most important. It should be noted here that a bidirectional reinforcement, in particular in the form of a lattice, extending in both longitudinal and transverse directions, could also be used. In this case, reinforcements are installed perpendicularly and parallel to the tubes 2. If necessary, prestressing reinforcements may in particular be installed at this stage of the process according to the invention. After pouring the concrete, the reinforcing steel rods A will be placed approximately 3 cm from the main outer face of the nearest panel.

Then the method according to the invention has a spacing shim introduction step 3 interposed between the tubes 2 in the same transverse alignment near the lower end of the panel, to keep the tubes parallel to each other and allow the creation a sealing pipeline between the circular reservations that will be created thanks to the presence of inflatable tubes. This step is illustrated in Figures 2C, 3C and 4B.

Advantageously, the spacers 3 will be lost and recovered after thermo-maturation of the concrete panel 1 obtained. An embodiment of such a spacer 3 is shown in FIGS. 6A-6D. For this purpose, the spacing shims 3 will advantageously be made of flexible resin with a central recess 30, as can be seen in FIG. 6A. This allows them to be extracted after curing the panel.

As shown in FIGS. 6A to 6D, these spacer blocks 3 are shaped so as to match the shape of the tubes 2 when inflated. Their width denoted "I" in the transverse direction will advantageously be between the diameter of the tubes before inflation and the diameter of the tubes after inflation. This is illustrated in Figures 4B and 4C.

It will be noted here that the steps of arranging a metal reinforcement and those of placing the spacer blocks can be carried out one after the other or vice versa, their order of execution not being critical.

Figure 4C shows the step of installing a sidewall formwork 4 on the side of the tubes. In an advantageous embodiment, these edge forms 4 are provided with reinforcements A 'which exceed laterally of the edge casing 4 beyond the lateral edges by a distance less than the depth of the lateral recess to be able to lodge in the lateral recess of another adjacent panel with which a junction must be made. The reinforcements A 'are for example installed on the edge formwork 4 beforehand, and maintained by means of resin-based shutters making it possible both to hold them and to plug the orifices necessary for the installation of the reinforcements A' on the formwork edge 4 to prevent the concrete during casting from escaping through these orifices.

FIG. 7 represents such a sidewall formwork 4 carrying reinforcements A '. It will be seen later that the bank formwork structure 4 is advantageously deformable to allow its extraction once the panel 1 manufactured. It is also noted that the edge formwork 4 has a lateral recess profile noted PEL coming in continuity of the lateral recess profiles PEL of the PI and PS combs shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.

Insofar as the edge formwork 4 is a deformable formwork, a shim 4 'is advantageously installed in one or more places of the edge formwork as shown in FIG. 4D.

This last figure also shows the step of installing a so-called shim 3 'between shore formwork 4 and the last lateral tube 2, as shown in FIG. 4D. The edge shim 3 'makes it possible to obtain at least one fastening aperture 12 and it can be seen here that, advantageously, a plurality of edge shims may be installed along the edge formwork 4 and the nearest tube 2 shore formwork 4. In a step 4E, the tubes are inflated and wedge the shim 3 'between the edge casing 4 and the most lateral tube and the spacer 3 between the tubes 2. It is noted here that the swelling of the tubes 2 may possibly intervene before the installation of the shim which is then introduced in force between the edge formwork 4 and the most lateral tube. It is generally noted that the order of the steps of the process can be substantially modified without departing from the definition of the method according to the invention. The next step shown in Figures 2D, 3D and 4F shows the outcome of pouring concrete at the beginning of the maturation cycle. At the end of the thermo-maturation cycle, as shown in FIG. 4G, the inflatable form tubes 2 are deflated and then removed. The outcome of this last step is shown in FIGS. 2E and 3E.

Then the head and foot combs of the panel 1 are removed as illustrated in FIGS. 2F and 3F. The edge form is also removed after removal of the shim 4 'visible in Figure 4G and deformation of the formwork 4, as shown in Figure 4H.

The panel 1 obtained shown in Figures 2F, 3F and 41 is thus ready to be handled as shown in Figures 2G, 3G, 2H, 3H and 4J.

Figure 31 shows an example of storage panels thus obtained that can be handled flat without any problem, unlike pre-formwork walls.

Finally, Figures 8, 9 and 10 show the method of laying a panel according to the invention lb next to an adjacent panel already laid. In construction methods, there is generally an edge or a floor having a plurality of vertically extending reinforcements A "awaiting the installation of the upper stage. 'a floor. With the invention, it is noted in the alternative that it is particularly simple to install such vertical armatures on a panel according to the invention. Indeed, it is sufficient to place metal rods vertically in a panel according to the invention before pouring concrete in the circular reservations. Once the concrete is poured, these reinforcements are fixed vertically on the top of the panel and are ready to be used for the installation of the superior structures. We see here the very complete interest of the invention which is to be perfectly modular and simplify many building steps including those of preparing a lower floor to the installation of an upper floor.

In Figure 8A, a new panel 1b carrying side frames A 'is brought near a previously installed panel. FIG. 8B shows that the reinforcements A "are located outside the panel 1b and that their upper ends are accommodated in the lower recess E1 of the panel 1b.

It should be noted here that the lateral reinforcements A 'of the panels 1a and 1b must be spaced from a height greater than or equal to the maximum expected height of the reinforcements A "of the lower structures on which the panels are intended to be installed. Figure 10 described below.

Once the panel lb brought close to the panel and at a minimum height compared to the already installed frames A "to allow the lateral sliding of the panel lb above of these, as shown in Figure 8C, the panel lb is slid horizontally.

Figure 9 shows this horizontal sliding of the panel lb above the reinforcements A "and towards the panel 1. It is seen here that the reinforcements A 'of the two panels 1a and 1b are then in interpenetration and overlap as shown in the figure 9C This is particularly interesting insofar as the reinforcements being arranged in the lateral recesses of the two panels 1a and 1b, it is ensured that, when the concrete is poured into these recesses, the reinforcements of each of the panels are fully secured to the Another panel is shown in Figure 9B that the panel lb is always located above the frames A ".

Finally, in the third phase shown in FIG. 10, the panel is slid downwards so as to cause the penetration of the pre-installed reinforcements A on the existing construction within the circular reservations 10. The circular reservations 10 thus serve to collect the A frames that will be taken directly into the concrete that will be poured. It will be understood that in order for the sliding of the panel lb to be possible vertically without the armatures A 'blocking this movement, the armatures A' must be located at regular intervals greater than the greatest length of reinforcement A "expected With the invention and the presence of the lateral securing openings on the panels, the concrete is poured simultaneously into the two panels 1a and 1b. The pouring of the concrete also ensures the joining with the low structure carrying the reinforcements A "and the construction is very fast, while ensuring a very good holding of the wall thus obtained. Finally, we note that various implementations can be made according to the principles of the invention.

Claims

1. Panel (1) forming a monolithic concrete block intended to constitute a lost form for the manufacture of walls, this panel (1) comprising: - a plurality of cylindrical reservations circular section (10) so-called circular reservations, parallel to each other and extending in a longitudinal direction of the panel, between a so-called upper bank (AS) and a so-called lower bank (AI) of the panel, these circular reservations (10) being distributed over the entire panel (1) between two lateral banks (RL) and spaced at a distance of between 3 centimeters and twice the diameter of the circular reservations (10) in the transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the panel, preferably regularly spaced in said transverse direction,

- a sealing pipe (11) placed at the bottom of the panel connecting the circular reservations (10) and perpendicular to them, this sealing pipe being intended to be filled with concrete when using the panel, - a lower edge (AI) forming a recess said lower

(E1) continuous along its entire length in said transverse direction, delimited by two lower edges, called support edges (SSA), extending in said transverse direction, arranged preferably symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal and transverse median plane of the panel , this lower recess (El) being intended to be filled with concrete when using the panel (1) in lost form,

an asymmetrical upper edge (AS) forming a continuous said recess (ES) extending over its entire length in said transverse direction between an upper edge, said support (SAS), adapted to receive and support a horizontal slab, and an upper edge, said retention (FR), the two upper edges of support and, respectively, of retention extending along the length of the upper edge in said transverse direction, said upper support edge reaching a height greater than said upper retention edge, said retention edge being adapted to retain the poured concrete over said resting horizontal slab on said upper support ridge, and

- metal reinforcements (A, A ') incorporated in the concrete outside said circular reservations (10) and said sealing channel (11), extending at least along the length of the panel (1) in said transverse direction of the panel and lateral banks (RL) each forming a lateral recess (EL), each delimited by two so-called lateral edges (SAL), said lateral edges and edges extending in said longitudinal direction, preferably symmetrically with respect to a said longitudinal and transverse median plane of the panel, each obviously lateral said being continuous over the entire length of each said lateral bank in the longitudinal direction of the panel, each lateral recess (EL) being intended to be filled with concrete at the junction of the panel ( 1) with a side edge of another panel during the manufacture of a wall, lateral reinforcements (Α ') opening from said lateral banks extending to the outside the panel in said transverse direction of the panel, and

at least one so-called lateral securing reservation (12) at each lateral bank, extending in said transverse direction between an opening at each lateral bank (RL) and the nearest circular reservation (10).

2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a single said sealing pipe (11).

3. Panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said sealing channel (11) is located at a distance greater than 3 centimeters from the lower edge (El).

4. Panel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a said lateral fastening reservation (12) is aligned with the sealing pipe (11) at each end thereof.

5. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of said securing reservations (12) are distributed along said lateral banks (RL).

6. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said circular reservations (10) are separated from the side edges (RL) and spaced apart by a distance of between 3 centimeters and the diameter of said circular reservations ( 10).

7. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sealing pipe (11) has a section in a longitudinal plane perpendicular to said longitudinal and transverse median plane of the panel, with a surface greater than or equal to the surface of said circular section of said circular reservations (10) in a transverse plane perpendicular to said median plane.

8. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said transverse lateral reinforcements (Α ') protrude from said lateral edges (SAL) delimiting said lateral said (EL), the exceeding being a distance less than the depth of the lateral recess, said side frames being distributed, preferably evenly distributed over the entire length of the panel in said longitudinal direction of the panel.

9. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said reinforcements extending in said transverse direction have a cumulative steel section of at least 1.2 cm ² in 1 linear meter of panel in the longitudinal direction of the panel.

10. A method of manufacturing a panel (1) intended to constitute a lost form for the manufacture of walls according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:

on a concrete casting surface, placing two so-called lower combs (Pil, PiS) on either side of a concrete pouring plane, each lower comb (Pil, PiS) comprising a same plurality of semi-circular notches; circular (Ei) separated from each other by a so-called interval distance of between 3 cm and twice the diameter of the notches;

arranging a plurality of inflatable tubes (2) above the casting plane between the two lower combs (Pil, PiS) and perpendicular thereto, this plurality of tubes (2) being side-by-side, parallel to each other; to each other, resting in the notches (Ei) of the lower combs (Pil, PiS);

placing two so-called upper combs (Psi, PsS), each upper comb (Pil, PiS) comprising one and the same plurality of semi-circular notches (Es) separated from one another by the interval distance, above the combs lower (Pil, PiS) and tubes (2) placed therein, the inflatable tubes (2) being then installed in the notches (Ei, Es) combs (Pil, PiS, Psi, PsS), each comb set upper and lower (Pil, PiS, Psi, PsS) having the negative profile of the lower bank (AI) or the upper bank (AS);

- place a metal frame (A) on the inflatable tubes

(2); - placing spacers (3) for creating a sealing line (11), lost or not, between the inflatable tubes (2), these spacer blocks (3) being aligned along a line perpendicular to the tubes (2);

- Place, on each side of the plurality of tubes (2), sidewall formwork (4) parallel to the tubes (2), these formwork (4) allowing reinforcements (Α ') to protrude laterally from the formwork of bank lateral (4) and having the negative profile of the lateral recesses (EL);

placing at least one edge wedge (3 ') on each side of the future panel between the edge forms (4) and the nearest tube (2) to make a fastening reservation (12);

- connect an inflation device tubes (2) at one end thereof;

- inflating the tubes (2) which then block the shims (3, 3 ') between the tubes (2) and between the edge casing (4) and the nearest tube (2);

- Pour the concrete to the top of the combs (Pil, PiS, Psi, PsS) covering the tubes (2) and shims (3,3 ');

- wait for the concrete to harden completely; - extract the inflatable tubes (2);

- remove the upper combs (Psi, PsS); - clear the edge forms (4);

- Separate the lost panel forming panel (1) obtained from the pouring plane of the concrete;

- extract the shims (3,3 ') if they are not lost.