EP3486369B1 - Assembly comprising prefabricated slab for railway and a sleeper, installation method - Google Patents

Assembly comprising prefabricated slab for railway and a sleeper, installation method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3486369B1
EP3486369B1 EP18207353.6A EP18207353A EP3486369B1 EP 3486369 B1 EP3486369 B1 EP 3486369B1 EP 18207353 A EP18207353 A EP 18207353A EP 3486369 B1 EP3486369 B1 EP 3486369B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slab
opening
openings
railway
sleeper
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EP18207353.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3486369A1 (en
Inventor
Gilles Aubriet
Arnaud Loaec
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TSO
SATEBA Systeme Vagneux SAS
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TSO
SATEBA Systeme Vagneux SAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of the manufacture and installation of railway tracks and more specifically the laying of railway tracks on concrete slabs.
  • the invention finds particular application in places of constrained installation, such as urban environments, undergrounds, tunnels, or bridges.
  • the present invention relates to the second type of path.
  • the first method consists of mounting the track in space with installation jigs which rest on a raft, then putting formwork and pouring concrete to form the slab which engages with the sleepers on which the rails rest. or with saddles or rail encapsulation. This method is called "casting in place”.
  • This method offers good positioning precision in absolute and relative terms. On the other hand, it requires a lot of manpower to ensure the finish (correct and homogeneous surface state) and the contribution of a large quantity of concrete, up to 1m3 per linear meter of track. This poses supply difficulties in the aforementioned constrained environments. Indeed, it is then necessary to bring a concrete train or to pump on several hundreds of meter tens of cubic meters per day. Finally, this method requires planning the maturation time of the slab.
  • the second method consists of using a prefabricated slab on which the rails are directly laid.
  • Each slab geometry is preconceived and each slab, unique, is manufactured in the factory beforehand, generally by standard manufacturing then cutting with a digital lathe or by using adjustable molds to obtain the final geometry.
  • Slab sizes used are for example 6mx2mx50cm. In this method, there is no cross member, just a concrete slab.
  • This method also ensures good absolute precision and the manufacturing time can be done in hidden time in the planning, that is to say in parallel with the accomplishment of other tasks.
  • it imposes significant constraints in relation (that is to say the precision of a point of the rail compared to other distant points of the rail) of the complex logistic constraints since the good slab must be brought to the right one. place at the right time.
  • a third method presented in the document FR 2 731 238 , offers prefabricated slabs comprising a flat upper face and a flat lower face, with a certain number of through housings opening onto the upper face to accommodate the blocks of a cross member. Filler material is then poured to secure the sleeper blocks in the housings. This method offers a good compromise between the two previous methods. On the other hand, it presents difficulties in the curves, where it is generally necessary to use the other methods to install the railway.
  • JP A 411280001 showing a cross member whose height is greater at one end than at the other.
  • EP-A-555616 shows an assembly comprising a slab and a cross member according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention provides an assembly comprising a prefabricated slab for a railway track, extending in a longitudinal direction in which a length is defined for the slab and a width is defined transversely to this length, the slab comprising a lower face intended to be at least partially in contact with a raft and comprising an upper face, intended to be disposed under railway tracks extending substantially along the longitudinal direction, the slab comprising a plurality of elongated openings each forming a reservation suitable for receiving a railroad cross member, said openings each extending along the width of the slab, each opening being open on the upper face and the length of each opening being less than the width of the slab, for each opening, the depth of the opening at a different end from the depth of the opening at the other end, the assembly also comprising at least one cross member for a railway track suitable for being received in one of the reservations.
  • the invention also proposes that the railroad tie of the assembly is characterized in that its height is greater at one end than at the other.
  • the invention also relates to an assembly comprising a prefabricated slab as described above and at least one cross member suitable for being received in one of the reservations formed by the plurality of elongated openings, in which the cross member has a length less than the length of the 'opening and / or a width less than the width of the opening, in order to allow play in the placement of the cross member, in particular for curves.
  • the assembly generally comprises a plurality of cross members interconnected by at least one rail, each cross member being configured to be respectively housed in an opening.
  • the invention also proposes an assembly formed of an assembly as described, in which the slab and the crosspieces are integral with each other thanks to glue, such as concrete, cement, mortar, resin or any other. combination.
  • the invention also proposes a portion of a railroad track comprising an assembly as described above, in which the quantity of adhesive is less than 0.2 m 3 (cubic meter) per linear meter of railroad track.
  • At least two crossbars are placed in two respective openings, the adhesive reaching at least two openings with a single injection site thanks to the fluidic communication means.
  • Step (E2) can also include the installation of installation templates between the cross member and the slab, the installation template resting on the slab, in order to position the cross member at the desired location.
  • the installation (E1) of the slab can be done by translation of the slab or using a lifting beam.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a slab 100.
  • slab is meant a plate having a length, a width and a thickness.
  • a longitudinal direction Y is defined along the length L, a transverse direction X along the width I and a dimension Z along the thickness e.
  • the term slab means that the length L and the width I are greater than the thickness e. Due to the structure of VF railways, the X and Y dimensions are large compared to the Z width. Dimensions will be given below.
  • the slab 100 can have a rectangular shape because the length L is greater than the width I or because the length L is smaller than the width I.
  • the slab 100 can also be square. These dimensions depend on the specifications (installation constraints, handling, weight, etc.)
  • the slab 10 receives a VF rail track which extends substantially (that is to say except for the curvatures) in the longitudinal direction Y.
  • the lower face 102 is in contact with the slab S at least partially, depending on the geometry of this face 102.
  • Two flanks 106, 108 are defined, which correspond to the sides of the slab 100 on either side of the longitudinal direction X.
  • the slab 100 is prefabricated, that is to say that it can be used directly on site, without any additional manufacturing step. Reinforced concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete (non-prestressed) or prestressed concrete are preferably used to manufacture it. We will also speak of a monolithic slab.
  • the slab 100 comprises a plurality of openings 110, 111, 112 each forming a reservation for the establishment of a crosspiece 200 with casting of an adhesive 300 such as mortar, cement or concrete.
  • the openings 110 extend along the width I of the slab 100, but, for structural reasons, their length is less than the width I of the slab 100.
  • the openings have a shape similar to that of the sleepers 200. , that is to say the openings 110 have an elongated shape in the transverse direction Y.
  • the openings 110 are open on the upper face.
  • the crossbars 200 can thus be inserted and withdrawn from the openings 110 at will before the glue 300 is poured.
  • the openings 110 can be closed at the level of the lower face 102 (not shown). They are thus non-open.
  • the sleepers 200 can then be placed on the bottom of the opening while waiting to be put in place.
  • the openings 110 are at least partially crossing over the entire thickness e of the slab 100 ( figure 6 especially).
  • tabs 130 which extend into the openings 110 are provided at the level of the lower face 102 (see figure 4 ). In this embodiment, the opening 110 is almost entirely through. These tabs 130 can cross the opening across the width.
  • the openings 110 are configured to each receive a cross member 200 and glue 300, in order to fix the cross member 200 in a determined position in order to build the VF track (see figure 2 ).
  • the openings 110 make it possible to accommodate the sleepers 200 during storage and transport (see figure 5 ). On-site delivery, logistics and preparation of the VF glass channel are simplified.
  • the openings 110 are regularly spaced, because the VF railroad ties 200 are generally evenly spaced.
  • the openings 110 are spaced by the same values.
  • sleepers can be close together in curves.
  • the openings 110 are brought together on certain portions of slabs or between certain slabs.
  • glue is a generic term to mean any conventionally known binding product, such as cement or resin mortar, concrete or any combination.
  • the position of the cross member 200 in the opening is adjusted using the installation template 400 before the injection of glue 300 which fixes the position in space of the cross member 200. This step will be described below.
  • the opening 110 has a greater depth on one side than on the other (along the Y direction). Preferably, all the openings 110 have this same difference in depth.
  • a slab 100 which has a bevelled-shaped section, that is to say that one side has a thickness e 106 greater than that e 108 of the other side. and that the lower 102 and upper 104 faces are non-parallel.
  • the two faces form an angle ⁇ of between 1 and 10 °, and preferably between 2 and 5 °. In the figures, the angle is 3.3 ° (level of precision not visible).
  • depth is understood to mean the distance in Z between, for example, the lower face 104 and the dimension at which the opening locally emerges. In other words, this dimension varies gradually from one end of the opening to the other, preferably linearly.
  • all the openings 110 of the slab 100 have the same dimensions and the same differences in depth.
  • This asymmetry which involves positioning the slab 110 in the right direction, makes it possible to increase the value of the slope necessary for the curve without increasing the width of the slab 100, nor the height of the crosspiece 200, nor the general bulk ( i.e. from the base of the slab to the top of the rail).
  • the cross member 200 In fact, for the cross member 200 to be integral with the slab 100, it must at least be engaged with glue over a height of 80mm, and that the glue does not reach the upper surface of the cross member (in particular because a distance of at least 50mm in general is imposed between the rail and the slab 100).
  • glue does not reach the upper surface of the cross member (in particular because a distance of at least 50mm in general is imposed between the rail and the slab 100).
  • the angle between the crosspiece 200 and the horizontal for example the lower face 104 of the slab 100
  • one of the two sides 106, 108 is intentionally higher than the other, which creates an opening whose depth varies gradually from one end to the other. In this way, it is possible to incline the cross member 200 further to generate a greater cant.
  • a difference in dimension of 80mm between the two flanks 106, 108 is suitable.
  • transverse play in X is necessary to allow the inclination of the cross member 200 in the opening 110, that is to say that the opening 110 must be longer than the cross member 200.
  • the principle of asymmetry of the slab 100 also works with a standard cross member, that is to say symmetrical.
  • the slab 100 further preferably comprises fluidic communication means 120 between the openings 110, 111, 112, in order to allow circulation of the adhesive 300 during the injection (see figures 1 , 4 and 6 ). This avoids having to inject glue into each of the openings 110 to secure the crosspiece 200.
  • fluidic communication means 120 can take different forms.
  • the fluidic communication means 120 may comprise a communication channel 122 formed in the lower surface 102 and open on the lower surface 102, which connects two successive openings 110, 111
  • the communication channel 122 thus resembles a groove drawn on the lower surface 102. By means of this groove, the adhesive injected into an opening 110 can circulate under the slab and join another opening 111.
  • the communication channel 122 and the raft S thus form a conduit.
  • the communication channel 122 is defined between the two sides 106, 108 of the slab 100, the slab resting on the base S by contact with the lower face 102 at the level of the sides 106, 108.
  • the communication means 120 can also include conduits formed within the slab 100, that is to say located in the thickness e of the slab 100, to connect the openings 110, in particular in the case of openings not openings (not shown).
  • the communication means 120 also include at least one injection orifice 124, in fluid communication with the openings 110.
  • the injection orifice 124 opens onto the upper face 104.
  • the injection orifice 124 passes through the thickness e of the slab, to open into the communication channel 122.
  • the injection orifice 124 accommodates the injection nozzle of a device for injecting the glue 300.
  • the openings 110 may occasionally include an enlargement 114 at the level of the upper face 104.
  • this widening 114 also makes it possible to promote the migration of glue, for example by allowing the passage of a vibrating needle, to make the flow of the glue more fluid.
  • this widening 114 allows easier access to the cross member 200 in order to lift it, for example before the installation of the rail and before its positioning in space.
  • the length and width dimensions of the opening 110 are greater than that of the cross member 200. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to insert the cross member 200 into the opening 110.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the need to offset the sleepers 200 with respect to a straight slab 100 in a curve.
  • a radius of curvature of 150m (300m) and a rail spacing of 1435mm you need an arrow of 2 cm (1 cm) for a slab of 6m (in the figure, the offset in X is not visible, with 50mm on each side, for an effective clearance of 20mm because it takes at least 30mm of glue setting).
  • a clearance of plus or minus 50 mm on each side can be provided. This clearance is sufficient to resume civil engineering, to allow the deflection of the curve and to have a thickness of glue around the cross member 200.
  • the transverse clearance X also allows more approximation for the exact positioning of the slab 100, which simplifies the installation method of the VF track.
  • the longitudinal play Y that is to say an opening 110 that is wider than the cross member 200, makes it possible to install cross members 200 in a non-parallel manner for the curves, in a fan pattern.
  • crosspiece 200 For the crosspiece 200 to be integral with the slab 100, it must at least be engaged with glue 300 over at least 80mm in height (this value is an example which depends on the materials used). To allow clearance, the opening depth must be greater than the 80mm required for the glue.
  • depths substantially equal to the height of the cross member 200 are preferred. In this way, when the cross member 200 is placed in the opening for storage (therefore without glue), the cross member 200 protrudes slightly from the opening 110. in particular in order to be able to mount the rail there. In addition, by limiting the depth in Z of the opening, the volume of adhesive 300 to be injected is limited.
  • the Z dimension of the cross member 200 can thus be chosen cross member by cross member. This again allows lower manufacturing precision for the raft.
  • the play in Z is capital for the curves. This is because it makes it possible to adjust the inclination of the crosspiece 200 in the opening 100 to create a cant.
  • the cross member 200 is positioned inclined in the opening 110, one side will be deeper into the opening 110 than the other. Therefore, a sufficient depth of the opening 110 is necessary to allow this arrangement.
  • the figures 8 and 9 illustrate different positions of crosspiece 200 in an opening 110.
  • One of the main objectives of the invention is to reduce the quantity of glue 300. Consequently, it is preferable to optimize the volume of the opening 110 with respect to the clearances necessary for correct placement of crossmember 200.
  • the slab 130 can include handling orifices 140, generally of oblong shape ( figures 1 and 4 ). These orifices allow, for example, the insertion of a quarter-turn lock, which allows easy and rapid handling with standard tools.
  • certain openings 110 may not exhibit any enlargement.
  • installation jigs 400 are used (see figure 10 ). These templates 400 rest on the slab 100 at the level of anchoring inserts 150, which make it possible to position the templates 300 correctly.
  • the slab 100 can also include seats 160 to receive anchoring pads 500 installed in the raft. By wedging the studs 500 in the seats 160, the position in X and Y of the slab 100 is fixed (see figures 2 , 7 and 11 , where the anchor studs 500 are not fully inserted).
  • the seats 160 take on a semi-cylindrical cavity over the thickness e, at the end of the slab 100.
  • the slab 100 can include under the lower face 102 a sole for absorbing vibrations (called a floating slab).
  • a sole is a resilient mat as described in the document FR2906269 .
  • the slabs are put side by side with a slight angular offset (see figure 7 )
  • the X-shaped play inside the openings allows the sleepers to be positioned so that the rails are curved.
  • a Y game allows the crosspieces to be fan-shaped within the parallel openings 110, 111, 112.
  • the cross member 200 includes an R rail attachment mechanism 210 on each side, in order to be able to attach two R rails thereto.
  • the cross member 200 may include a mark 220 corresponding to a visual mark indicating the minimum level of anchoring in the opening 110.
  • the crossbars 200 can also have a bevelled shape.
  • the figure 12 illustrates a side and top view of such a cross member and the figures 8 and 9a to 9th , already presented, illustrate different positions in a bevelled slab.
  • the height h 202 of the cross member 200 at one end 202 is greater than the height h 204 of the cross member 200 at the other end 204.
  • height is meant the distance between the dimension of the part of the cross member 200 which rests on the lower element (namely glue 300) and the dimension of an identical element on both ends 202, 204, for example the fastening mechanism 210 or the upper surface of the cross member.
  • the crosspiece 200 is therefore asymmetrical, which implies that it is placed in the right direction.
  • bevelled cross member 200 When a bevelled cross member 200 is used with a bevelled slab 200, different configurations are possible for the same positioning in space, depending on the general size. For example, in a tunnel, the available height generally makes it necessary to limit the overall size as much as possible.
  • the cross member 200 is generally made of prestressed concrete.
  • the raft is classic and will not be described beyond measure. It is carried out by structural work as part of the civil engineering of the project.
  • the intermediate mat when provided, is generally a resilient mat, factory fitted, which has vibration attenuation performance greater than 20 dB at 63 Hz.
  • the raft can include the abovementioned anchoring pads 500 in the plane, that is to say in X and Y.
  • This part aims to give dimensions to the slab and the sleepers.
  • the slab has a width of 2500mm and a length of 6000mm. These dimensions facilitate transport compared to a particularly wider slab.
  • the thickness on the side 106 is 350mm against 310mm on the other side 108.
  • the slab weighs approximately between 5t and 6t.
  • a width of less than 2500mm is preferred for road transport reasons (European standard to avoid being in an exceptional convoy - transport of flat slabs in general).
  • slabs that are wider than they are long in that the width may be greater than 2500mm while the length is less than 2500mm.
  • removable wedges 500 are provided to ensure horizontality.
  • the slab 100 is designed to be moved with the crossbars 200 simply placed in the openings 110, 111, 112. When thus When disposed, the attachment mechanism 210, or even part of the crosspiece itself 200, protrudes above the slab 100. The minimum dimension of the wedge 500 must therefore take this into account for the lower face 102 of the stacked slab. does not touch the crosspiece 200 of the slab placed below.
  • the figure 5 illustrates the stack of slabs with wedges 500 arranged on each of the sides of the slab 100.
  • the process comprises three main steps.
  • the slab 100 is placed (E1) on the raft, then the sleepers 200 are placed partially in the slab openings (E2), then an adhesive is poured (E3) into the openings to fix the positioning of the sleepers to the interior of the openings forming a reservation.
  • Step E1 comprises bringing the slab 100 to the site.
  • the slabs 100 have a standard geometry, there is no particular logistical constraint. In the case of a bend, however, and when the slab is bevelled, it is important that it is brought in the right direction, especially when the VF track is installed in a tunnel or in a place where it is not. is not possible to rotate the slab 100.
  • the bringing to the site can be done by translation or sliding of the slab 100 on the raft, or by lifting using a lifting beam.
  • a step E2 the rails are placed on the sleepers.
  • installation templates 400 are advantageously used for step E3.
  • the installation jigs 400 are parts allowing precise positioning of the sleepers in space, before casting.
  • the templates make it possible to choose the exact height and the exact inclination to achieve the slope necessary for the turn.
  • the track is positioned using the rails.
  • the installation templates 400 are supported here directly on the slab 100. This means that during the casting, the slab 100 is already supporting all forces (crossbar and rail): unwanted movements linked to the absorption of force are therefore avoided.
  • the casting E3 is carried out through the casting orifices 124 and / or by the access offered by the enlargement 114 at the level of the openings. If necessary, to help the flow of the glue 300, vibrations can be applied using a vibratory needle at the level of the enlargements 114, in a step E4, concomitant with step E3.
  • the sleepers 200 are thus fixed.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE GENERALGENERAL TECHNICAL FIELD

L'invention concerne le domaine de la fabrication et de l'installation de voie ferrée et plus spécifiquement la pose de voie ferrée sur dalle béton.The invention relates to the field of the manufacture and installation of railway tracks and more specifically the laying of railway tracks on concrete slabs.

L'invention trouve particulièrement application dans les lieux d'installation contrainte, tels que des environnements urbains, des souterrains, des tunnels, ou des ponts.The invention finds particular application in places of constrained installation, such as urban environments, undergrounds, tunnels, or bridges.

ETAT DE L'ARTSTATE OF THE ART

En matière de voie ferrée, il existe notamment les voies sur ballast et les voies sur béton. La présente invention concerne le deuxième type de voies.In terms of railways, there are in particular tracks on ballast and tracks on concrete. The present invention relates to the second type of path.

On connait aujourd'hui deux grandes méthodes d'installation de voies ferrées sur béton.Two main methods of installing railways on concrete are known today.

La première méthode consiste à monter la voie dans l'espace avec des gabarits de pose qui prenne appui sur un radier, puis à mettre des coffrages et à couler du béton pour former la dalle qui vient en prise avec les traverses sur lesquelles repose les rails ou avec les selles ou l'encapsulation du rail. Cette méthode s'appelle la « coulée en place ».The first method consists of mounting the track in space with installation jigs which rest on a raft, then putting formwork and pouring concrete to form the slab which engages with the sleepers on which the rails rest. or with saddles or rail encapsulation. This method is called "casting in place".

Cette méthode offre une bonne précision de pose en absolu et en relatif. En revanche, elle nécessite beaucoup de main d'œuvre pour assurer la finition (état de surface correct et homogène) et l'apport d'une quantité importante de béton, jusqu'à 1m3 par mètre linéaire de voie. Cela pose des difficultés d'approvisionnement dans les milieux contraints précités. En effet, il faut alors amener un train béton ou pomper sur plusieurs centaines de mètre des dizaines de mètres cubes par jour. Enfin, cette méthode nécessite de prévoir du temps de maturation de la dalle dans le planning.This method offers good positioning precision in absolute and relative terms. On the other hand, it requires a lot of manpower to ensure the finish (correct and homogeneous surface state) and the contribution of a large quantity of concrete, up to 1m3 per linear meter of track. This poses supply difficulties in the aforementioned constrained environments. Indeed, it is then necessary to bring a concrete train or to pump on several hundreds of meter tens of cubic meters per day. Finally, this method requires planning the maturation time of the slab.

La deuxième méthode consiste à utiliser une dalle préfabriquée sur laquelle sont directement posés les rails. Chaque géométrie de dalle est préconçue et chaque dalle, unique, est fabriquée en usine préalablement, généralement par fabrication standard puis taillage avec un tour numérique ou par utilisation de moules réglables pour obtenir la géométrie finale. Des tailles de dalle utilisées sont par exemple de 6mx2mx50cm. Dans cette méthode, il n'y a pas de traverse, mais simplement une dalle en béton.The second method consists of using a prefabricated slab on which the rails are directly laid. Each slab geometry is preconceived and each slab, unique, is manufactured in the factory beforehand, generally by standard manufacturing then cutting with a digital lathe or by using adjustable molds to obtain the final geometry. Slab sizes used are for example 6mx2mx50cm. In this method, there is no cross member, just a concrete slab.

Cette méthode assure une bonne précision en absolu elle-aussi et le temps de fabrication peut se faire en temps masqué dans le planning, c'est-à-dire parallèlement à l'accomplissement d'autres taches. En revanche, elle impose des contraintes importantes en relatif (c'est-à-dire la précision d'un point du rail par rapport à d'autres points du rail éloignés) des contraintes logistiques complexes puisque la bonne dalle doit être amenée au bon endroit au bon moment.This method also ensures good absolute precision and the manufacturing time can be done in hidden time in the planning, that is to say in parallel with the accomplishment of other tasks. On the other hand, it imposes significant constraints in relation (that is to say the precision of a point of the rail compared to other distant points of the rail) of the complex logistic constraints since the good slab must be brought to the right one. place at the right time.

Une troisième méthode, présentée dans le document FR 2 731 238 , propose des dalles préfabriquées comprenant une face supérieure plate et une face inférieure plate, avec un certain nombre de logements traversants débouchants sur la face supérieure pour loger les blocs d'une traverse. Du matériel de remplissage est ensuite versé pour fixer les blocs de la traverse dans les logements. Cette méthode offre un bon compromis entre les deux méthodes précédentes. En revanche, elle présente des difficultés dans les courbes, où il faut généralement utiliser les autres méthodes pour installer la voie ferrée.A third method, presented in the document FR 2 731 238 , offers prefabricated slabs comprising a flat upper face and a flat lower face, with a certain number of through housings opening onto the upper face to accommodate the blocks of a cross member. Filler material is then poured to secure the sleeper blocks in the housings. This method offers a good compromise between the two previous methods. On the other hand, it presents difficulties in the curves, where it is generally necessary to use the other methods to install the railway.

Il est aussi connu la demande de brevet Japonais référence JP A 411280001 montrant une traverse dont la hauteur est plus importante à une extrémité qu'à l'autre.It is also known the Japanese patent application reference JP A 411280001 showing a cross member whose height is greater at one end than at the other.

EP-A-555616 montre un ensemble comprenant une dalle et une traverse selon le préambule de la revendication 1. EP-A-555616 shows an assembly comprising a slab and a cross member according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aucune des méthodes n'est pleinement satisfaisante et il existe un besoin de méthode et de matériel simplifiant la mise en place de voie ferrée, notamment dans des lieux difficiles d'accès et dans les courbes.None of the methods is fully satisfactory and there is a need for a method and equipment that simplifies the installation of a railway line, in particular in places that are difficult to access and in curves.

PRESENTATION DE L'INVENTIONPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Pour cela, l'invention propose un ensemble comprenant une dalle préfabriquée pour voie ferrée, s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale selon laquelle on définit à la dalle une longueur et transversalement à cette longueur on définit une largeur, la dalle comprenant une face inférieure destinée à être au moins partiellement au contact d'un radier et comprenant une face supérieure, destinée à être disposée sous des rails de voie ferrée s'étendant sensiblement le long de la direction longitudinale,
la dalle comprenant une pluralité d'ouvertures allongées formant chacune une réservation apte à recevoir une traverse de voie ferrée, lesdites ouvertures s'étendant chacune selon la largeur de la dalle, chaque ouverture étant ouverte sur la face supérieure et la longueur de chaque ouverture étant inférieure à la largeur de la dalle,
pour chaque ouverture, la profondeur de l'ouverture à une extrémité différente de la profondeur de l'ouverture à l'autre extrémité, l'ensemble comprenant également au moins une traverse pour voie ferrée apte à être reçue dans une des réservations.For this, the invention provides an assembly comprising a prefabricated slab for a railway track, extending in a longitudinal direction in which a length is defined for the slab and a width is defined transversely to this length, the slab comprising a lower face intended to be at least partially in contact with a raft and comprising an upper face, intended to be disposed under railway tracks extending substantially along the longitudinal direction,
the slab comprising a plurality of elongated openings each forming a reservation suitable for receiving a railroad cross member, said openings each extending along the width of the slab, each opening being open on the upper face and the length of each opening being less than the width of the slab,
for each opening, the depth of the opening at a different end from the depth of the opening at the other end, the assembly also comprising at least one cross member for a railway track suitable for being received in one of the reservations.

L'ensemble peut comprendre en outre les caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison :

  • la profondeur de l'ouverture varie progressivement d'une extrémité à l'autre de l'ouverture,
  • la face supérieure présente un angle compris entre 1 et 10° par rapport à la face inférieure, préférablement entre 2 et 5°, de sorte que la profondeur de l'ouverture varie progressivement d'une extrémité à l'autre,
  • la dalle préfabriquée comprend en outre des moyens de communication fluidique entre les ouvertures, permettant une communication fluidique de colle telle que du béton, du mortier ou du ciment entre les différentes ouvertures,
  • les ouvertures sont fermées au niveau de la face inférieure,
  • les ouvertures sont au moins partiellement traversantes sur toute l'épaisseur de la dalle,
  • la dalle comprend, au niveau de la face inférieure, des pattes qui s'étendent dans les ouvertures,
  • la dalle comprend un canal de communication reliant deux ouvertures successives, le canal étant formée sur la face inférieure et étant ouvert sur la face inférieure, les ouvertures étant débouchantes dans le canal de communication,
  • le canal de communication s'étend sur sensiblement toute la largeur de la dalle, afin de favoriser l'écoulement de la colle,
  • les moyens de communication comprennent des canaux situés dans l'épaisseur de la dalle et relient deux ouvertures successives,
  • au moins une ouverture présente au moins un élargissement, afin d'y permettre l'injection de colle lorsqu'une traverse est disposée dans l'ouverture,
  • les moyens de communication fluidique comprennent des orifices d'injection traversant l'épaisseur de la dalle,
  • la distance entre deux ouvertures successives est identique sur toute la longueur de la dalle.
The set may further include the following features, taken alone or in combination:
  • the depth of the opening varies gradually from one end of the opening to the other,
  • the upper face has an angle of between 1 and 10 ° with respect to the lower face, preferably between 2 and 5 °, so that the depth of the opening varies gradually from one end to the other,
  • the prefabricated slab further comprises fluid communication means between the openings, allowing fluid communication glue such as concrete, mortar or cement between the different openings,
  • the openings are closed at the level of the lower face,
  • the openings are at least partially through the entire thickness of the slab,
  • the slab comprises, at the level of the lower face, tabs which extend into the openings,
  • the slab comprises a communication channel connecting two successive openings, the channel being formed on the underside and being open on the underside, the openings being emerging into the communication channel,
  • the communication channel extends over substantially the entire width of the slab, in order to promote the flow of the adhesive,
  • the means of communication comprise channels located in the thickness of the slab and connect two successive openings,
  • at least one opening has at least one widening, in order to allow the injection of glue therein when a cross member is placed in the opening,
  • the fluidic communication means comprise injection orifices passing through the thickness of the slab,
  • the distance between two successive openings is identical over the entire length of the slab.

L'invention propose aussi que la traverse pour voie ferrée de l'ensemble est caractérisée en ce que sa hauteur est plus importante à une extrémité qu'à l'autre.The invention also proposes that the railroad tie of the assembly is characterized in that its height is greater at one end than at the other.

L'invention concerne aussi un ensemble comprenant une dalle préfabriquée telle que décrite précédemment et au moins une traverse apte à être reçue dans une des réservations formées par la pluralité d'ouvertures allongées, dans lequel la traverse a une longueur inférieure à la longueur de l'ouverture et/ou une largeur inférieure à la largeur de l'ouverture, afin d'autoriser des jeux dans le placement de la traverse, notamment pour les courbes.The invention also relates to an assembly comprising a prefabricated slab as described above and at least one cross member suitable for being received in one of the reservations formed by the plurality of elongated openings, in which the cross member has a length less than the length of the 'opening and / or a width less than the width of the opening, in order to allow play in the placement of the cross member, in particular for curves.

L'ensemble comprend généralement une pluralité de traverses reliées entre elles par au moins un rail, chaque traverse étant configurée pour être respectivement logée dans une ouverture.The assembly generally comprises a plurality of cross members interconnected by at least one rail, each cross member being configured to be respectively housed in an opening.

L'invention propose aussi un assemblage formé d'un ensemble selon tel que décrit, dans lequel la dalle et les traverses sont solidaires entre elles grâce à de la colle, telle que du béton, du ciment, du mortier, de la résine ou toute combinaison.The invention also proposes an assembly formed of an assembly as described, in which the slab and the crosspieces are integral with each other thanks to glue, such as concrete, cement, mortar, resin or any other. combination.

L'invention propose aussi une portion de voie ferrée comprenant un assemblage tel que décrit précédemment, dans lequel la quantité de colle est inférieure à 0,2 m3 (mètre cube) par mètre linéaire de voie ferrée.The invention also proposes a portion of a railroad track comprising an assembly as described above, in which the quantity of adhesive is less than 0.2 m 3 (cubic meter) per linear meter of railroad track.

L'invention propose aussi un procédé d'installation d'un ensemble comme décrit précédemment, comprenant les étapes suivantes

  • (E1) Mise en place d'une dalle telle que décrit précédemment sur un radier,
  • (E2) Mise en place d'au moins une traverse telle que décrit précédemment, partiellement à l'intérieur d'une ouverture,
  • (E3) Coulage d'une colle dans l'ouverture pour fixer le positionnement de la traverse à l'intérieur de l'ouverture.
The invention also proposes a method for installing an assembly as described above, comprising the following steps
  • (E1) Installation of a slab as described above on a raft,
  • (E2) Installation of at least one cross member as described above, partially inside an opening,
  • (E3) Pouring an adhesive into the opening to fix the positioning of the crosspiece inside the opening.

Selon un mode de réalisation, au moins deux traverses sont mises en place dans deux ouvertures respectives, la colle atteignant au moins deux ouvertures avec un seul lieu d'injection grâce aux moyens de communication fluidique.According to one embodiment, at least two crossbars are placed in two respective openings, the adhesive reaching at least two openings with a single injection site thanks to the fluidic communication means.

L'étape (E2) peut aussi comprendre la mise en place de gabarits de pose entre la traverse et la dalle, le gabarit de pose prenant appui sur la dalle, pour positionner à l'endroit voulu la traverse.Step (E2) can also include the installation of installation templates between the cross member and the slab, the installation template resting on the slab, in order to position the cross member at the desired location.

La mise en place (E1) de la dalle peut se faire par translation de la dalle ou à l'aide d'un palonnier.The installation (E1) of the slab can be done by translation of the slab or using a lifting beam.

PRESENTATION DES FIGURESPRESENTATION OF FIGURES

D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui suit, qui est purement illustrative et non limitative, et qui doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente une dalle biseautée en trois dimensions, sans traverse ni colle,
  • La figure 2 représente la même dalle, mais avec des traverses figées dans la colle à différentes positions (à des fins illustratives),
  • La figure 3 illustre une section de la même dalle,
  • La figure 4 illustre une vue du dessus d'une dalle, biseautée ou non,
  • La figure 5 illustre une vue en coupe de dalle avec traverse, sans colle, pour le stockage,
  • La figure 6 illustre une vue tridimensionnelle d'un canal de communication sous la dalle pour permettre à la colle de s'écouler entre les différentes ouvertures,
  • La figure 7 illustre deux dalles, biseautée ou non, mise bout à bout sans alignement pour permettre un virage de la voie ferrée,
  • La figure 8 illustre, par superposition sur une même image, plusieurs inclinaisons et cote différentes de la traverse dans l'ouverture, une fois figée par la colle, d'une dalle biseautée,
  • Les figures 9a à 9g illustrent le même principe, mais avec une pluralité d'images et un point fixe au niveau du rail droit,
  • La figure 9h illustre des vues similaires aux figures 9a à 9g, avec un point fixe entre les rails,
  • La figure 10 illustre un gabarit de pose pour positionner les traverses, avec la colle coulée,
  • La figure 11 illustre une vue tridimensionnelle de deux dalles côte à côte avec des plots d'ancrage en cours d'insertion,
  • La figure 12 illustre deux vues d'une traverse biseautée,
  • La figure 13 illustre les grandes étapes d'un procédé de mise en place de la dalle et des traverses.
Other characteristics, aims and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following description, which is purely illustrative and non-limiting, and which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • The figure 1 represents a bevelled slab in three dimensions, without crossbeam or glue,
  • The figure 2 represents the same slab, but with cross members fixed in glue at different positions (for illustrative purposes),
  • The figure 3 illustrates a section of the same slab,
  • The figure 4 illustrates a top view of a slab, bevelled or not,
  • The figure 5 illustrates a sectional view of a slab with crossbar, without glue, for storage,
  • The figure 6 illustrates a three-dimensional view of a communication channel under the slab to allow the glue to flow between the different openings,
  • The figure 7 illustrates two slabs, bevelled or not, placed end to end without alignment to allow a bend of the railway,
  • The figure 8 illustrates, by superimposition on the same image, several inclinations and different dimensions of the cross member in the opening, once fixed by glue, of a bevelled slab,
  • The figures 9a to 9g illustrate the same principle, but with a plurality of images and a fixed point at the level of the right rail,
  • The figure 9h illustrates views similar to figures 9a to 9g , with a fixed point between the rails,
  • The figure 10 illustrates an installation template to position the crossbeams, with poured glue,
  • The figure 11 illustrates a three-dimensional view of two slabs side by side with anchor studs being inserted,
  • The figure 12 illustrates two views of a bevelled cross member,
  • The figure 13 illustrates the main stages of a process for installing the slab and sleepers.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEEDETAILED DESCRIPTION

Différents aspects de l'invention vont être décrits.Different aspects of the invention will be described.

La dalleThe slab

La figure 1 illustre une dalle 100. Par dalle, on entend une plaque ayant une longueur, une largeur et une épaisseur. On définit une direction longitudinale Y selon la longueur L, une direction transversale X selon la largeur I et une cote Z selon l'épaisseur e. Le terme de dalle signifie que la longueur L et la largeur I sont grand devant l'épaisseur e. Du fait de la structure des voies ferrées VF, les dimensions X et Y sont grandes devant la largeur Z. Des dimensions seront données par la suite. Dans le plan XY, la dalle 100 peut avoir une forme rectangulaire parce la longueur L est plus grande que la largeur I ou parce que la longueur L est plus petite que la largeur I. La dalle 100 peut aussi une forme carrée. Ces dimensions dépendent du cahier des charges (contraintes d'installation, de manipulation, de poids, etc.)The figure 1 illustrates a slab 100. By slab is meant a plate having a length, a width and a thickness. A longitudinal direction Y is defined along the length L, a transverse direction X along the width I and a dimension Z along the thickness e. The term slab means that the length L and the width I are greater than the thickness e. Due to the structure of VF railways, the X and Y dimensions are large compared to the Z width. Dimensions will be given below. In the XY plane, the slab 100 can have a rectangular shape because the length L is greater than the width I or because the length L is smaller than the width I. The slab 100 can also be square. These dimensions depend on the specifications (installation constraints, handling, weight, etc.)

La dalle 10 reçoit une voie ferrée VF qui s'étend sensiblement (c'est-à-dire aux courbures près) selon la direction longitudinale Y.The slab 10 receives a VF rail track which extends substantially (that is to say except for the curvatures) in the longitudinal direction Y.

On définit une face inférieure 102 de la dalle 100, qui, lorsqu'installée, est en regard d'un radier S (ou d'un tapis intermédiaire), et une face supérieure 104, qui, lorsque les traverses et la voie ferrées sont installées, est en regard de la voie ferrée VF ( figures 2 ).We define a lower face 102 of the slab 100, which, when installed, is facing a raft S (or an intermediate mat), and an upper face 104, which, when the sleepers and the railway track are installed, is opposite the VF railway ( figures 2 ).

La face inférieure 102 est au contact du radier S au moins partiellement, en fonction de la géométrie de cette face 102.The lower face 102 is in contact with the slab S at least partially, depending on the geometry of this face 102.

On définit deux flancs 106, 108, qui correspondent aux côtés de la dalle 100 de part et d'autre de la direction longitudinale X.Two flanks 106, 108 are defined, which correspond to the sides of the slab 100 on either side of the longitudinal direction X.

La dalle 100 est préfabriquée, c'est-à-dire qu'elle est utilisable directement sur site, sans étape de fabrication supplémentaire. On utilise préférablement du béton armé, du béton fibré (non précontraint) ou du béton précontraint pour la fabriquer. On parlera aussi de dalle monolithique.The slab 100 is prefabricated, that is to say that it can be used directly on site, without any additional manufacturing step. Reinforced concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete (non-prestressed) or prestressed concrete are preferably used to manufacture it. We will also speak of a monolithic slab.

En référence à la figure 4 notamment, la dalle 100 comprend une pluralité d'ouvertures 110, 111, 112 formant chacune une réservation pour la mise en place d'une traverse 200 avec coulée d'une colle 300 telle que du mortier, ciment ou béton. Les ouvertures 110 s'étendent selon la largeur I de la dalle 100, mais, pour des raisons structurelles, leur longueur est inférieure à la largeur I de la dalle 100. Etant des réservations, les ouvertures ont une forme similaire à celle des traverses 200, c'est-à-dire les ouvertures 110 ont une forme allongée selon la direction transversale Y.With reference to the figure 4 in particular, the slab 100 comprises a plurality of openings 110, 111, 112 each forming a reservation for the establishment of a crosspiece 200 with casting of an adhesive 300 such as mortar, cement or concrete. The openings 110 extend along the width I of the slab 100, but, for structural reasons, their length is less than the width I of the slab 100. Being reservations, the openings have a shape similar to that of the sleepers 200. , that is to say the openings 110 have an elongated shape in the transverse direction Y.

Pour la mise en place des traverses 200, les ouvertures 110 sont ouvertes sur la face supérieure. Les traverses 200 peuvent ainsi être insérées et retirées des ouvertures 110 à volonté avant la coulée de la colle 300.For the establishment of the sleepers 200, the openings 110 are open on the upper face. The crossbars 200 can thus be inserted and withdrawn from the openings 110 at will before the glue 300 is poured.

Les ouvertures 110 peuvent être fermées au niveau de la face inférieure 102 (non illustrées). Elles sont ainsi non débouchantes. Les traverses 200 peuvent alors être posées sur le fond de l'ouverture en attendant d'être mises en place.The openings 110 can be closed at the level of the lower face 102 (not shown). They are thus non-open. The sleepers 200 can then be placed on the bottom of the opening while waiting to be put in place.

Alternativement, les ouvertures 110 sont au moins partiellement traversante sur toute l'épaisseur e de la dalle 100 ( figure 6 notamment). Afin de pouvoir tenir les traverses 200 dans les ouvertures 110 lors du stockage et des déplacements, des pattes 130 qui s'étendent dans les ouvertures 110 sont prévues au niveau de la face inférieure 102 (voir figure 4 ). Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'ouverture 110 est quasiment intégralement traversante. Ces pattes 130 peuvent traverser l'ouverture sur la largeur.Alternatively, the openings 110 are at least partially crossing over the entire thickness e of the slab 100 ( figure 6 especially). In order to be able to hold the crosspieces 200 in the openings 110 during storage and movement, tabs 130 which extend into the openings 110 are provided at the level of the lower face 102 (see figure 4 ). In this embodiment, the opening 110 is almost entirely through. These tabs 130 can cross the opening across the width.

Les ouvertures 110 sont configurées pour recevoir chacune une traverse 200 et de la colle 300, pour figer dans une position déterminée la traverse 200 afin de construire la voie ferrée VF (voir figure 2 ).The openings 110 are configured to each receive a cross member 200 and glue 300, in order to fix the cross member 200 in a determined position in order to build the VF track (see figure 2 ).

En outre, les ouvertures 110 permettent d'accueillir les traverses 200 pendant le stockage et le transport (voir figure 5 ). La livraison sur site, la logistique et la préparation de la voie verrée VF s'en trouvent simplifiées.In addition, the openings 110 make it possible to accommodate the sleepers 200 during storage and transport (see figure 5 ). On-site delivery, logistics and preparation of the VF glass channel are simplified.

Dans un mode de réalisation, les ouvertures 110 sont espacées régulièrement, car les traverses 200 de voie ferrée VF sont de façon générale espacées régulièrement.In one embodiment, the openings 110 are regularly spaced, because the VF railroad ties 200 are generally evenly spaced.

A titre d'exemple, on dénombre sur les voies ferrées VF standard une traverse tous les 55, 60, 65 ou 75 cm. Par conséquent, les ouvertures 110 sont espacées des mêmes valeurs.For example, on standard VF railways, there is a cross member every 55, 60, 65 or 75 cm. Therefore, the openings 110 are spaced by the same values.

Toutefois, essentiellement pour les tramways, les traverses peuvent être rapprochées dans les courbes. Pour cela, les ouvertures 110 sont rapprochées les unes des autres sur certaines portions de dalles ou entre certaines dalles.However, mainly for trams, sleepers can be close together in curves. For this, the openings 110 are brought together on certain portions of slabs or between certain slabs.

Il est possible d'utiliser une dalle avec espacement constant standard pour les alignement (écartement de 75 cm) et d'utiliser des méthodes de coulée telle que décrite en introduction dans les zones de courbes trop importante (écartement de 60cm).It is possible to use a slab with standard constant spacing for alignment (spacing of 75 cm) and to use casting methods as described in the introduction in areas of excessively large curves (spacing of 60cm).

On distingue donc différents objets : la dalle 100 seule, la traverse 200 seule, la dalle 100 avec les traverses 200 simplement posées au sein des ouvertures 110 et la dalle 100 avec les traverses 200 fixées dans les ouvertures 110 grâce à de la colle 300.We therefore distinguish different objects: the slab 100 alone, the crosspiece 200 alone, the slab 100 with the crossbars 200 simply placed within the openings 110 and the slab 100 with the crossbars 200 fixed in the openings 110 using glue 300.

Le terme de colle est un terme générique pour signifier tout produit de liaison classiquement connu, tel que du mortier de ciment ou de résine, du béton ou toute combinaison. La position de la traverse 200 dans l'ouverture est ajustée à l'aide de gabarit de pose 400 avant l'injection de colle 300 qui vient figer la position dans l'espace de la traverse 200. Cette étape sera décrite par la suite.The term glue is a generic term to mean any conventionally known binding product, such as cement or resin mortar, concrete or any combination. The position of the cross member 200 in the opening is adjusted using the installation template 400 before the injection of glue 300 which fixes the position in space of the cross member 200. This step will be described below.

Comme illustré sur les figures 1 à 3 notamment, l'ouverture 110 a une profondeur plus importante d'un côté que de l'autre (le long de la direction Y). Préférablement, toutes les ouvertures 110 présentent ce même écart de profondeur.As shown on the figures 1 to 3 in particular, the opening 110 has a greater depth on one side than on the other (along the Y direction). Preferably, all the openings 110 have this same difference in depth.

Pour des raisons de simplification de fabrication, cela se traduit par une dalle 100 qui présente une section en forme biseautée, c'est-à-dire qu'un flanc a une épaisseur e106 plus importante que celle e108 de l'autre flanc et que les faces inférieure 102 et supérieure 104 sont non-parallèles. Typiquement, les deux faces forment un angle β compris entre 1 et 10°, et préférablement entre 2 et 5 °.
Sur les figures, l'angle est de 3,3° (niveau de précision non visible).For reasons of simplification of manufacture, this results in a slab 100 which has a bevelled-shaped section, that is to say that one side has a thickness e 106 greater than that e 108 of the other side. and that the lower 102 and upper 104 faces are non-parallel. Typically, the two faces form an angle β of between 1 and 10 °, and preferably between 2 and 5 °.
In the figures, the angle is 3.3 ° (level of precision not visible).

Par profondeur, on entend la distance en Z entre par exemple la face inférieure 104 et la cote à laquelle débouche l'ouverture localement. En d'autres termes, cette cote varie progressivement d'une extrémité à l'autre de l'ouverture, préférablement de façon linéaire.The term “depth” is understood to mean the distance in Z between, for example, the lower face 104 and the dimension at which the opening locally emerges. In other words, this dimension varies gradually from one end of the opening to the other, preferably linearly.

Préférablement, pour des raisons de similitudes, toutes les ouvertures 110 de la dalle 100 présente les mêmes dimensions et les mêmes différences de profondeur.Preferably, for reasons of similarities, all the openings 110 of the slab 100 have the same dimensions and the same differences in depth.

Cette asymétrie, qui implique de positionner dans le bon sens la dalle 110, permet d'augmenter la valeur du devers nécessaire à la courbe sans augmenter la largeur de la dalle 100, ni la hauteur de la traverse 200, ni l'encombrement général (c'est-à-dire de la base de la dalle jusqu'au-dessus du rail).This asymmetry, which involves positioning the slab 110 in the right direction, makes it possible to increase the value of the slope necessary for the curve without increasing the width of the slab 100, nor the height of the crosspiece 200, nor the general bulk ( i.e. from the base of the slab to the top of the rail).

En effet, pour que la traverse 200 soit solidaire de la dalle 100, il faut au moins qu'elle soit en prise avec de la colle sur 80mm de hauteur, et que la colle n'atteigne pas la surface supérieure de la traverse (notamment parce qu'une distance d'au moins 50mm en général est imposée entre le rail et la dalle 100). Pour augmenter le devers, c'est-à-dire l'angle entre la traverse 200 et l'horizontal (par exemple la face inférieure 104 de la dalle 100), un des deux flancs 106, 108 est volontairement plus haut que l'autre, ce qui crée une ouverture dont la profondeur varie progressivement d'une extrémité à l'autre. De la sorte, il est possible de davantage incliner la traverse 200 pour générer un dévers plus important.In fact, for the cross member 200 to be integral with the slab 100, it must at least be engaged with glue over a height of 80mm, and that the glue does not reach the upper surface of the cross member (in particular because a distance of at least 50mm in general is imposed between the rail and the slab 100). To increase the slope, that is to say the angle between the crosspiece 200 and the horizontal (for example the lower face 104 of the slab 100), one of the two sides 106, 108 is intentionally higher than the other, which creates an opening whose depth varies gradually from one end to the other. In this way, it is possible to incline the cross member 200 further to generate a greater cant.

Cet effet peut être combiné avec une traverse 200 non symétrique, c'est-à-dire une traverse plus épaisse d'un côté que de l'autre. Une telle traverse sera décrite en détail ci-dessous.

  • Les figures 8 et 9a à 9e illustrent les différentes possibilités offertes par l'asymétrie de la dalle 100 et de la traverse 200. En cumulant les deux, c'est-à-dire en mettant la partie la plus épaisse de la traverse 200 du côté du flanc 104 de la dalle 100 le plus haut, on peut obtenir le dévers maximal, par exemple de 160mm (écart de cote en Z des deux rails). En inclinant moins la traverse 200, toutes les cotes peuvent être obtenues.
  • La figure 9a illustre une cote en Z maximum et un devers maximum, en cumulant l'asymétrie de la dalle 100 et de la traverse 200).
  • La figure 9b illustre une cote en Z maximum et un devers nul, avec les asymétries du même côté.
  • La figure 9c illustre une cote en Z minimum et un devers maximum, en cumulant l'asymétrie de la dalle 100 et de la traverse 200).
  • La figure 9d illustre une cote en Z minimum et un devers nul, avec les asymétries du même côté.
  • La figure 9e illustre une cote en Z nominale et un devers maximum, en cumulant l'asymétrie de la dalle 100 et de la traverse 200).
  • La figure 9f illustre une cote en Z nominale et un devers nul, avec les asymétries du même côté.
  • La figure 9g illustre une cote en Z nominale et un devers lié à l'installation horizontale de la traverse asymétrique, avec les asymétries du même côté.
This effect can be combined with a non-symmetrical cross member 200, that is to say a thicker cross member on one side than on the other. Such a cross will be described in detail below.
  • The figures 8 and 9a to 9th illustrate the different possibilities offered by the asymmetry of the slab 100 and of the cross member 200. By combining the two, that is to say by putting the thickest part of the cross member 200 on the side of the side 104 of the slab 100 as high as possible, the maximum cant can be obtained, for example 160mm (deviation in Z dimension of the two rails). By tilting the cross member 200 less, all the dimensions can be obtained.
  • The figure 9a illustrates a maximum Z dimension and a maximum slope, by cumulating the asymmetry of the slab 100 and the cross member 200).
  • The figure 9b illustrates maximum Z dimension and zero slope, with asymmetries on the same side.
  • The figure 9c illustrates a minimum Z dimension and a maximum slope, by cumulating the asymmetry of the slab 100 and the cross member 200).
  • The figure 9d illustrates minimum Z dimension and zero slope, with asymmetries on the same side.
  • The figure 9e illustrates a nominal Z dimension and a maximum slope, by cumulating the asymmetry of the slab 100 and the cross member 200).
  • The figure 9f illustrates nominal Z dimension and zero slope, with asymmetries on the same side.
  • The figure 9g illustrates a nominal Z dimension and a slope related to the horizontal installation of the asymmetric cross member, with the asymmetries on the same side.

Ces figures 9a à 9g ont comme point fixe le fil du rail droit (à plus ou moins 20mm). Il est possible d'étudier les différentes positions avec comme point fixe un point fictif entre les deux rails (voir figure 9h , à plus ou moins 20mm aussi) ou le fil du rail gauche.These figures 9a to 9g have as a fixed point the wire of the right rail (at plus or minus 20mm). It is possible to study the different positions with a fictitious point between the two rails as a fixed point (see figure 9h , plus or minus 20mm too) or the left rail wire.

Pour les situations de devers nul, dite horizontale, on peut changer le sens de la traverse biseauté, c'est-à-dire mettre le côté de la traverse le plus épais du côté de l'ouverture la moins profonde. Cela change l'encombrement général (c'est-à-dire la distance entre le haut du rail et la face inférieure de la dalle).For zero slope situations, called horizontal, you can change the direction of the beveled cross member, that is to say put the thickest side of the cross member on the side of the shallower opening. This changes the overall footprint (i.e. the distance between the top of the rail and the underside of the slab).

A titre d'exemple, un écart de cote de 80mm entre les deux flancs 106, 108 convient.By way of example, a difference in dimension of 80mm between the two flanks 106, 108 is suitable.

On remarque par ailleurs que le jeu transversal en X est nécessaire pour autoriser l'inclinaison de la traverse 200 dans l'ouverture 110, c'est-à-dire que l'ouverture 110 doit être plus longue que la traverse 200.It should also be noted that the transverse play in X is necessary to allow the inclination of the cross member 200 in the opening 110, that is to say that the opening 110 must be longer than the cross member 200.

Le principe d'asymétrie de la dalle 100 fonctionne aussi avec une traverse standard, c'est-à-dire symétrique.The principle of asymmetry of the slab 100 also works with a standard cross member, that is to say symmetrical.

La dalle 100 comprend en outre préférablement des moyens de communication fluidique 120 entre les ouvertures 110, 111, 112, afin de permettre une circulation de la colle 300 lors de l'injection (voir figures 1 , 4 et 6 ). Cela évite de devoir injecter de la colle dans chacune des ouvertures 110 pour fixer la traverse 200.
Ces moyens de communication fluidique 120 peuvent prendre différentes formes.The slab 100 further preferably comprises fluidic communication means 120 between the openings 110, 111, 112, in order to allow circulation of the adhesive 300 during the injection (see figures 1 , 4 and 6 ). This avoids having to inject glue into each of the openings 110 to secure the crosspiece 200.
These fluidic communication means 120 can take different forms.

En particulier, dans le cas d'ouvertures 110 au moins partiellement traversantes, les moyens de communication fluidique 120 peuvent comprendre un canal de communication 122 formé dans la surface inférieure 102 et ouvert sur la surface inférieure 102, qui relie deux ouvertures successives 110, 111. Le canal de communication 122 s'apparente ainsi à une rainure tracée sur la surface inférieure 102. Par le biais de cette rainure, la colle injectée dans une ouverture 110 peut circuler sous la dalle et rejoindre une autre ouverture 111.
Le canal de communication 122 et le radier S forment ainsi un conduit.In particular, in the case of at least partially through openings 110, the fluidic communication means 120 may comprise a communication channel 122 formed in the lower surface 102 and open on the lower surface 102, which connects two successive openings 110, 111 The communication channel 122 thus resembles a groove drawn on the lower surface 102. By means of this groove, the adhesive injected into an opening 110 can circulate under the slab and join another opening 111.
The communication channel 122 and the raft S thus form a conduit.

En particulier, le canal de communication 122 est défini entre les deux flancs 106, 108 de la dalle 100, la dalle reposant sur le radier S par contact avec la face inférieure 102 au niveau des flancs 106, 108.In particular, the communication channel 122 is defined between the two sides 106, 108 of the slab 100, the slab resting on the base S by contact with the lower face 102 at the level of the sides 106, 108.

Les moyens de communication 120 peuvent aussi comprendre des conduits formés au sein de la dalle 100, c'est-à-dire situés dans l'épaisseur e de la dalle 100, pour relier les ouvertures 110, notamment dans le cas d'ouvertures non débouchantes (non illustrées).The communication means 120 can also include conduits formed within the slab 100, that is to say located in the thickness e of the slab 100, to connect the openings 110, in particular in the case of openings not openings (not shown).

Afin de faciliter l'injection de colle, les moyens de communication 120 comprennent aussi au moins un orifice d'injection 124, en communication fluidique avec les ouvertures 110. L'orifice d'injection 124 débouche sur la face supérieure 104.In order to facilitate the injection of glue, the communication means 120 also include at least one injection orifice 124, in fluid communication with the openings 110. The injection orifice 124 opens onto the upper face 104.

Dans le cas du canal de communication 122, l'orifice d'injection 124 est traversant sur l'épaisseur e de la dalle, pour déboucher dans le canal de communication 122.
L'orifice d'injection 124 permet d'accueillir la buse d'injection d'un dispositif pour injecter la colle 300.In the case of the communication channel 122, the injection orifice 124 passes through the thickness e of the slab, to open into the communication channel 122.
The injection orifice 124 accommodates the injection nozzle of a device for injecting the glue 300.

Pour vérifier que la colle 200 a correctement migré sous la dalle 200 et/ou voir si la colle 300 est à niveau, les ouvertures 110 peuvent comprendre ponctuellement un élargissement 114 au niveau de la face supérieure 104. Préférablement, on dénombre un élargissement 114 à chaque extrémité de l'ouverture allongée 110. Cet élargissement crée un accès supplémentaire pour positionner une buse d'injection de colle entre la dalle 110 et la traverse 200.
Enfin, cet élargissement 114 permet aussi de favoriser la migration de colle, par exemple en permettant le passage d'une aiguille vibrante, pour fluidifier l'écoulement de la colle.To check that the glue 200 has correctly migrated under the slab 200 and / or to see if the glue 300 is level, the openings 110 may occasionally include an enlargement 114 at the level of the upper face 104. Preferably, there is an enlargement 114 to each end of the elongated opening 110. This widening creates additional access for positioning a glue injection nozzle between the slab 110 and the cross member 200.
Finally, this widening 114 also makes it possible to promote the migration of glue, for example by allowing the passage of a vibrating needle, to make the flow of the glue more fluid.

En outre, cet élargissement 114 permet d'accéder plus simplement à la traverse 200 pour la soulever, par exemple avant l'installation du rail et avant son positionnement dans l'espace.In addition, this widening 114 allows easier access to the cross member 200 in order to lift it, for example before the installation of the rail and before its positioning in space.

Les dimensions en longueur et en largeur de l'ouverture 110 sont supérieures à celle de la traverse 200. Cela permet d'une part d'insérer la traverse 200 dans l'ouverture 110.The length and width dimensions of the opening 110 are greater than that of the cross member 200. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to insert the cross member 200 into the opening 110.

En outre, avoir un jeu transversal X, c'est-à-dire avoir une ouverture 110 plus longue que la traverse 200 permet d'ajuster la position en X de chaque traverse 200 par rapport aux autres, notamment dans le cas d'une courbe. La figure 7 illustre le besoin de décaler les traverses 200 par rapport à une dalle 100 droite dans une courbe. Pour un rayon de courbure 150m (300m) et un écartement des rails de 1435mm, il faut une flèche de 2 cm (1 cm) pour une dalle de 6m (sur la figure, le décalage en X n'est pas visible, avec 50mm de chaque côté, pour un jeu effectif de 20mm car il faut au moins 30mm de prise de colle).
A titre d'exemple, un jeu de plus ou moins 50 mm de chaque côté peut être prévu. Ce jeu est suffisant pour reprendre le génie civil, pour permettre la flèche de la courbe et pour avoir une épaisseur de colle autour de la traverse 200.
Plus les dalles 100 ont une longueur L courte et plus le rayon de courbure peut être faible.In addition, having a transverse play X, that is to say having an opening 110 that is longer than the cross member 200 makes it possible to adjust the position in X of each cross member 200 with respect to the others, in particular in the case of a cross member 200. curve. The figure 7 illustrates the need to offset the sleepers 200 with respect to a straight slab 100 in a curve. For a radius of curvature of 150m (300m) and a rail spacing of 1435mm, you need an arrow of 2 cm (1 cm) for a slab of 6m (in the figure, the offset in X is not visible, with 50mm on each side, for an effective clearance of 20mm because it takes at least 30mm of glue setting).
By way of example, a clearance of plus or minus 50 mm on each side can be provided. This clearance is sufficient to resume civil engineering, to allow the deflection of the curve and to have a thickness of glue around the cross member 200.
The shorter the slabs 100, the smaller the radius of curvature can be.

Le jeu transversal X permet aussi plus d'approximation pour le positionnement exact de la dalle 100, ce qui simplifie la méthode d'installation de la voie ferrée VF.The transverse clearance X also allows more approximation for the exact positioning of the slab 100, which simplifies the installation method of the VF track.

Dans une variante, il est possible de prévoir des dalles 100 sans jeu en X pour les alignements droits.In a variant, it is possible to provide slabs 100 without play in X for straight alignments.

Le jeu longitudinal Y, c'est-à-dire une ouverture 110 plus large que la traverse 200 permet d'installer des traverses 200 de façon non-parallèle pour les courbes, en éventail.The longitudinal play Y, that is to say an opening 110 that is wider than the cross member 200, makes it possible to install cross members 200 in a non-parallel manner for the curves, in a fan pattern.

Un jeu en Z est aussi possible. Pour que la traverse 200 soit solidaire de la dalle 100, il faut au moins qu'elle soit en prise avec de la colle 300 sur au moins 80mm de hauteur (cette valeur est un exemple qui dépend des matériaux utilisés). Pour autoriser un jeu, il faut ainsi que la profondeur de l'ouverture soit supérieure au 80mm nécessaire pour la colle.Z play is also possible. For the crosspiece 200 to be integral with the slab 100, it must at least be engaged with glue 300 over at least 80mm in height (this value is an example which depends on the materials used). To allow clearance, the opening depth must be greater than the 80mm required for the glue.

En pratique, on privilégie des profondeurs sensiblement égales à la hauteur de la traverse 200. De la sorte, lorsque la traverse 200 est posée dans l'ouverture pour le stockage (sans colle donc), la traverse 200 dépasse légèrement de l'ouverture 110 afin notamment de pouvoir y monter le rail. De plus, en limitant la profondeur en Z de l'ouverture, le volume de colle 300 à injecter est limité.In practice, depths substantially equal to the height of the cross member 200 are preferred. In this way, when the cross member 200 is placed in the opening for storage (therefore without glue), the cross member 200 protrudes slightly from the opening 110. in particular in order to be able to mount the rail there. In addition, by limiting the depth in Z of the opening, the volume of adhesive 300 to be injected is limited.

La cote en Z de la traverse 200 peut ainsi être choisie traverse par traverse. Cela autorise à nouveau une précision de fabrication moindre pour le radier.The Z dimension of the cross member 200 can thus be chosen cross member by cross member. This again allows lower manufacturing precision for the raft.

En revanche, le jeu en Z est capital pour les courbes. En effet, celui-ci permet de régler l'inclinaison de la traverse 200 dans l'ouverture 100 pour créer un dévers. Lorsque la traverse 200 est positionnée inclinée dans l'ouverture 110, un côté sera plus enfoncé dans l'ouverture 110 que l'autre. Par conséquent, une profondeur suffisante de l'ouverture 110 est nécessaire pour autoriser cet agencement. Les figures 8 et 9 illustrent différentes positions de traverse 200 dans une ouverture 110.On the other hand, the play in Z is capital for the curves. This is because it makes it possible to adjust the inclination of the crosspiece 200 in the opening 100 to create a cant. When the cross member 200 is positioned inclined in the opening 110, one side will be deeper into the opening 110 than the other. Therefore, a sufficient depth of the opening 110 is necessary to allow this arrangement. The figures 8 and 9 illustrate different positions of crosspiece 200 in an opening 110.

Un devers de plus ou moins 160mm doit pouvoir être atteint.It should be possible to achieve a slope of plus or minus 160mm.

Plus l'ouverture 110 est grande et plus la marge pour positionner la traverse 200 est importante. En revanche, il faudra davantage de colle 300 pour figer la traverse 200. Un des objectifs principaux de l'invention est diminuer la quantité de colle 300. Par conséquent, il est préférable d'optimiser le volume de l'ouverture 110 par rapport aux jeux nécessaires pour un placement correct de la traverse 200.The larger the opening 110, the greater the margin for positioning the crosspiece 200. On the other hand, it will take more glue 300 to fix the crosspiece 200. One of the main objectives of the invention is to reduce the quantity of glue 300. Consequently, it is preferable to optimize the volume of the opening 110 with respect to the clearances necessary for correct placement of crossmember 200.

Grâce au volume de l'ouverture 110, il est ainsi possible d'instaurer un devers dans la voie ferrée VF.Thanks to the volume of the opening 110, it is thus possible to set up a slope in the VF railway track.

La dalle 130 peut comprendre des orifices de manutention 140, généralement de forme oblongue ( figures 1 et 4 ). Ces orifices autorisent par exemple l'insertion d'un verrou quart de tour, ce qui permet une manutention facile et rapide avec des outils standards.The slab 130 can include handling orifices 140, generally of oblong shape ( figures 1 and 4 ). These orifices allow, for example, the insertion of a quarter-turn lock, which allows easy and rapid handling with standard tools.

En fonction de la présence adjacente ou non d'orifices de manutention 140 ou d'orifice d'injection 124, certaines ouvertures 110 peuvent ne pas présenter d'élargissement.Depending on whether or not there are adjacent handling orifices 140 or injection orifice 124, certain openings 110 may not exhibit any enlargement.

Pour le positionnement exact des traverses 200 dans l'espace, des gabarits de pose 400 sont utilisés (voir figure 10 ). Ces gabarits 400 reposent sur la dalle 100 au niveau d'inserts d'ancrage 150, qui permettent de positionner les gabarits 300 correctement.For the exact positioning of the sleepers 200 in space, installation jigs 400 are used (see figure 10 ). These templates 400 rest on the slab 100 at the level of anchoring inserts 150, which make it possible to position the templates 300 correctly.

La dalle 100 peut aussi comprendre des sièges 160 pour recevoir des plots d'ancrage 500 installés dans le radier. En calant les plots 500 dans les sièges 160, on fige la position en X et Y de la dalle 100 (voir figures 2 , 7 et 11 , où les plots d'ancrage 500 ne sont pas complètement insérés). Dans un mode de réalisation, les sièges 160 prennent de cavité semi-cylindrique sur l'épaisseur e, en extrémité de la dalle 100.The slab 100 can also include seats 160 to receive anchoring pads 500 installed in the raft. By wedging the studs 500 in the seats 160, the position in X and Y of the slab 100 is fixed (see figures 2 , 7 and 11 , where the anchor studs 500 are not fully inserted). In one embodiment, the seats 160 take on a semi-cylindrical cavity over the thickness e, at the end of the slab 100.

La dalle 100 peut comprendre sous la face inférieure 102 une semelle pour absorber les vibrations (appelée dalle flottante). Une telle semelle est un tapis résilient tel que décrit dans le document FR2906269 .The slab 100 can include under the lower face 102 a sole for absorbing vibrations (called a floating slab). Such a sole is a resilient mat as described in the document FR2906269 .

Agencement de plusieurs dalles en virageArrangement of several slabs in bends

Pour effectuer un courbe, les dalles sont mises à côté à côté avec un léger décalage angulaire (voir figure 7 )
Le jeu en X à l'intérieur des ouvertures permet un positionnement des traverses de sorte que les rails sont en courbe. De plus, un jeu en Y permet de mettre les traverses en éventail au sein des ouvertures 110, 111, 112 parallèles.To make a curve, the slabs are put side by side with a slight angular offset (see figure 7 )
The X-shaped play inside the openings allows the sleepers to be positioned so that the rails are curved. In addition, a Y game allows the crosspieces to be fan-shaped within the parallel openings 110, 111, 112.

La traverseThe crossing

D'une façon générale (voir figure 12 , qui illustre le cas d'une traverse biseautée mais cela est vrai pour toutes les traverses), la traverse 200 comprend un mécanisme d'attache 210 du rail R de chaque côté, pour pouvoir y attacher deux rails R. La traverse 200 peut comprendre une marque 220 correspondant à un repère visuel indiquant le niveau minimum d'ancrage dans l'ouverture 110.In general (see figure 12 , which illustrates the case of a bevelled cross member but this is true for all cross members), the cross member 200 includes an R rail attachment mechanism 210 on each side, in order to be able to attach two R rails thereto. The cross member 200 may include a mark 220 corresponding to a visual mark indicating the minimum level of anchoring in the opening 110.

D'une façon complémentaire à la forme biseautée de la dalle 100, les traverses 200 peuvent elle aussi avoir une forme biseautée.In a manner complementary to the bevelled shape of the slab 100, the crossbars 200 can also have a bevelled shape.

La figure 12 illustre une vue de profil et de haut d'une telle traverse et les figures 8 et 9a à 9e , déjà présentées, illustrent différents positionnements dans une dalle biseautée.
La hauteur h202 de la traverse 200 à une extrémité 202 est supérieure à la hauteur h204 de la traverse 200 à l'autre extrémité 204. Par hauteur, on entend la distance entre la cote de partie de la traverse 200 qui repose sur l'élément inférieur (à savoir la colle 300) et la cote d'un élément identique sur les deux extrémités 202, 204, par exemple le mécanisme d'attache 210 ou la surface supérieure de la traverse.The figure 12 illustrates a side and top view of such a cross member and the figures 8 and 9a to 9th , already presented, illustrate different positions in a bevelled slab.
The height h 202 of the cross member 200 at one end 202 is greater than the height h 204 of the cross member 200 at the other end 204. By height is meant the distance between the dimension of the part of the cross member 200 which rests on the lower element (namely glue 300) and the dimension of an identical element on both ends 202, 204, for example the fastening mechanism 210 or the upper surface of the cross member.

La traverse 200 est donc asymétrique, ce qui implique qu'elle soit posée dans le bon sens.The crosspiece 200 is therefore asymmetrical, which implies that it is placed in the right direction.

Lorsqu'une traverse 200 biseautée est utilisée avec dalle biseautée 200, différentes configurations sont possibles pour un même positionnement dans l'espace, en fonction de l'encombrement général. Par exemple, dans un tunnel, la hauteur disponible contraint généralement à limiter au maximum l'encombrement général.When a bevelled cross member 200 is used with a bevelled slab 200, different configurations are possible for the same positioning in space, depending on the general size. For example, in a tunnel, the available height generally makes it necessary to limit the overall size as much as possible.

La traverse 200 est généralement en béton précontraint.The cross member 200 is generally made of prestressed concrete.

Le radierWrite it off

Le radier est classique et ne sera pas décrit outre mesure. Il est réalisé par des travaux de gros œuvre dans le cadre du génie civil du projet.The raft is classic and will not be described beyond measure. It is carried out by structural work as part of the civil engineering of the project.

Le tapis intermédiaire, lorsque prévu, est généralement un tapis résilient, monté en usine, qui a des performances en atténuation vibratoire supérieures à 20 dB à 63 Hz.The intermediate mat, when provided, is generally a resilient mat, factory fitted, which has vibration attenuation performance greater than 20 dB at 63 Hz.

Le radier peut comprendre les plots d'ancrage 500 précités dans le plan, c'est-à-dire en X et Y.The raft can include the abovementioned anchoring pads 500 in the plane, that is to say in X and Y.

DimensionsDimensions

Cette partie vise à donner des dimensions à la dalle et aux traverses.This part aims to give dimensions to the slab and the sleepers.

Ces dimensions ne sont pas limitatives et ne forment qu'un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention.These dimensions are not limiting and only form one particular embodiment of the invention.

La dalle a une largeur de 2500mm et une longueur de 6000mm. Ces dimensions facilitent le transport par rapport à une dalle notamment plus large.
L'épaisseur sur le flanc 106 est de 350mm contre 310mm sur l'autre flanc 108.The slab has a width of 2500mm and a length of 6000mm. These dimensions facilitate transport compared to a particularly wider slab.
The thickness on the side 106 is 350mm against 310mm on the other side 108.

A titre d'exemple, la dalle pèse environ entre 5t et 6t.For example, the slab weighs approximately between 5t and 6t.

On privilégie une largeur inférieure à 2500mm pour des raisons de transports routiers (norme européenne pour éviter d'être en convoi exceptionnel - transport des dalles à plats en général).A width of less than 2500mm is preferred for road transport reasons (European standard to avoid being in an exceptional convoy - transport of flat slabs in general).

Il peut exister des dalles plus larges que longues, en ce sens que la largeur peut être supérieure à 2500mm tandis que la longueur est inférieure à 2500mm.There may be slabs that are wider than they are long, in that the width may be greater than 2500mm while the length is less than 2500mm.

StockageStorage

Afin de permettre l'empilement des dalles 100 pour le stockage, des cales amovibles 500 sont prévues pour assurer l'horizontalité.In order to allow the slabs 100 to be stacked for storage, removable wedges 500 are provided to ensure horizontality.

La dalle 100 est prévue pour être déplacée avec les traverses 200 simplement posées dans les ouvertures 110, 111, 112. Lorsqu'ainsi disposée, le mécanisme d'attache 210, voire une partie de la traverse elle-même 200, dépasse au-dessus de la dalle 100. La dimension minimale de la cale 500 doit donc en tenir compte pour la face inférieure 102 de la dalle empilée ne touche pas la traverse 200 de la dalle disposée dessous.The slab 100 is designed to be moved with the crossbars 200 simply placed in the openings 110, 111, 112. When thus When disposed, the attachment mechanism 210, or even part of the crosspiece itself 200, protrudes above the slab 100. The minimum dimension of the wedge 500 must therefore take this into account for the lower face 102 of the stacked slab. does not touch the crosspiece 200 of the slab placed below.

La figure 5 illustre l'empilement de dalles avec des cales 500 disposées sur chacun des flancs de la dalle 100.The figure 5 illustrates the stack of slabs with wedges 500 arranged on each of the sides of the slab 100.

Procédé de mise en placeInstallation process

En référence à la figure 13 , un procédé de mise en place d'une voie ferrée, à l'aide de la dalle 100, décrite précédemment va être explicité.With reference to the figure 13 , a method of setting up a railway track, using the slab 100, described above will be explained.

On suppose tout d'abord que les travaux de génie civil et de gros œuvre ont déjà été effectuée. Cela signifie qu'un radier plat est préexistant. Grâce à l'utilisation de la dalle 100, la précision de réalisation de ce radier n'a pas besoin d'être supérieure à plus ou moins 20mm.First of all, it is assumed that the civil engineering and structural works have already been carried out. This means that a flat raft is pre-existing. Thanks to the use of the slab 100, the production precision of this raft does not need to be greater than plus or minus 20mm.

Le procédé comprend trois grandes étapes.
La dalle 100 est mise en place (E1) sur le radier, puis les traverses 200 sont placées partiellement dans les ouvertures de dalles (E2), puis une colle est coulée (E3) dans les ouvertures pour fixer le positionnement des traverses à l'intérieur des ouvertures formant réservation.The process comprises three main steps.
The slab 100 is placed (E1) on the raft, then the sleepers 200 are placed partially in the slab openings (E2), then an adhesive is poured (E3) into the openings to fix the positioning of the sleepers to the interior of the openings forming a reservation.

Ces étapes sont à présent détaillées davantage.These steps are now detailed in more detail.

L'étape E1 comprend l'amenée de la dalle 100 sur le site. Comme les dalles 100 ont une géométrie standard, il n'y a pas de contrainte logistique particulière. Dans le cas d'un virage, toutefois, et lorsque la dalle est biseautée, il est important que celle-ci soit amenée dans le bon sens, notamment lorsque la voie ferrée VF est installée dans un tunnel ou dans un endroit où il n'est pas possible de faire pivoter la dalle 100. L'amenée sur le site peut se faire par translation ou coulissement de la dalle 100 sur le radier, ou bien par levage à l'aide d'un palonnier.Step E1 comprises bringing the slab 100 to the site. As the slabs 100 have a standard geometry, there is no particular logistical constraint. In the case of a bend, however, and when the slab is bevelled, it is important that it is brought in the right direction, especially when the VF track is installed in a tunnel or in a place where it is not. is not possible to rotate the slab 100. The bringing to the site can be done by translation or sliding of the slab 100 on the raft, or by lifting using a lifting beam.

Dans une étape E2, les rails sont posés sur les traverses.In a step E2, the rails are placed on the sleepers.

Après l'installation sur le radier, des gabarits de pose 400 sont avantageusement utilisées pour l'étape E3. Les gabarits de pose 400 sont des pièces permettant de positionner précisément les traverses dans l'espace, avant la coulée. En particulier, les gabarits permettent de choisir la cote exacte et l'inclinaison exacte pour réaliser le devers nécessaire au virage. En pratique, le positionnement de la voie se fait à l'aide des rails. A l'inverse des méthodes traditionnelles de « coulée sur place » où les gabarits sont appuyés sur le radier, les gabarits de pose 400 s'appuient ici directement sur la dalle 100. Cela signifie que lors de la coulée, la dalle 100 supporte déjà tous les efforts (traverse et rail) : les déplacements non désirés liés à la reprise d'effort sont donc évités.After installation on the raft, installation templates 400 are advantageously used for step E3. The installation jigs 400 are parts allowing precise positioning of the sleepers in space, before casting. In particular, the templates make it possible to choose the exact height and the exact inclination to achieve the slope necessary for the turn. In practice, the track is positioned using the rails. Contrary to the traditional methods of “casting in place” where the templates are supported on the raft, the installation templates 400 are supported here directly on the slab 100. This means that during the casting, the slab 100 is already supporting all forces (crossbar and rail): unwanted movements linked to the absorption of force are therefore avoided.

La coulée E3 s'effectue par les orifices de coulée 124 et/ou par l'accès offert par l'élargissement 114 au niveau des ouvertures.
Si besoin, pour aider l'écoulement de la colle 300, des vibrations peuvent être appliquées à l'aide d'une aiguille vibratoire au niveau des élargissements 114, dans une étape E4, concomitante à l'étape E3.The casting E3 is carried out through the casting orifices 124 and / or by the access offered by the enlargement 114 at the level of the openings.
If necessary, to help the flow of the glue 300, vibrations can be applied using a vibratory needle at the level of the enlargements 114, in a step E4, concomitant with step E3.

Les traverses 200 sont ainsi figées.The sleepers 200 are thus fixed.

En cas de problème, l'assemblage par dalles standards successives permet en outre de remplacer une dalle rapidement.In the event of a problem, assembly by successive standard tiles also makes it possible to replace a tile quickly.

Claims (15)

  1. Assembly comprising a prefabricated slab (100) for railway (VF), extending along a longitudinal direction (X) according to which at the slab a length (L) is defined and transversally (Y) to this length a width (1) is defined, the slab comprising a lower face (102) intended to be at least partially in contact with an apron and comprising an upper face (104), intended to be arranged under rails (R) of railway (VF) extending substantially along the longitudinal direction (X),
    the slab (100) comprising a plurality of elongated openings (110, 111, 112) each forming a reservation able to receive a sleeper (200) of railway (VF), said openings (110) each extending according to the width (1) of the slab (100), each opening (110) being open on the upper face (104) and the length of each opening being less than the width (1) of the slab (100), the assembly also comprising at least one sleeper (200) for railway (VF) able to be received in one of the reservations,
    characterised in that, for each opening (110), the depth of the opening at one end (106) is different from the depth of the opening at the other end (108).
  2. Assembly according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the opening varies progressively from one end (106) to the other (108) of the opening (110).
  3. Assembly according to any of claims 1 to 2 wherein the upper face (104) has an angle comprised between 1 and 10° in relation to the lower face (102), preferably between 2 and 5°, in such a way that the depth of the opening (110) varies progressively from one end to the other.
  4. Assembly according to any of claims 1 to 3, further comprising means of fluidic communication (120) between the openings (110), allowing for a fluidic communication of adhesive such as concrete, mortar or cement between the different openings (110).
  5. Assembly according to any of claims 1 to 4 wherein the slab comprises, at the lower face (104), tabs (114) that extend in the openings (110).
  6. Assembly according to any of claims 1 to 5 comprising a communication channel (122) connecting two successive openings (110, 111), the channel (122) being formed on the lower face (104) and being open on the lower face (104), the openings (110, 111) opening into the communication channel (122).
  7. Assembly according to any of claims 1 to 6 wherein the sleeper (200) for railway (VF) is characterised in that the height thereof is more substantial at one end than at the other.
  8. Assembly according to any of claims 1 to 7 wherein the sleeper (200) for railway (VF) has a length less than the length of the opening (110) and/or a width less than the width of the opening (110), so as to allow for clearances in the placing of the sleeper (200), in particular for curves.
  9. Assembly according to any of claims 1 to 7, comprising a plurality of sleepers (200) for railway (VF) connected together by at least one rail (R), each sleeper (200) for railway (VF) being configured to be respectively housed in an opening (110).
  10. Assembly formed from an assembly according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the slab (100) and the sleepers (200) for railway (VF) are integral with one another thanks to adhesive (300), such as concrete, cement, mortar, resin or any combination.
  11. Portion of railway comprising an assembly according to claim 10, wherein the quantity of adhesive (300) is less than 0.2 m3 per linear metre of railway (VF) .
  12. Method for installing an assembly according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:
    - (E1) Setting in place of the slab (100) on an apron,
    - (E2) Setting up of the at least one sleeper (200), partially inside the opening (110),
    - (E3) Pouring of an adhesive (300) in the opening (110) to fix the positioning of the sleeper (200) inside the opening (110).
  13. Method according to claim 12, wherein at least two sleepers are set in place in two respective openings, the adhesive (300) reaching at least two openings (110, 111) with a single place of injection thanks to means of fluidic communication (120)
  14. Method for installing according to any of claims 12 to 13, wherein the step (E2) comprises the setting in place of positioning templates (400) between the sleeper (200) and the slab (100), the positioning template (400) bearing on the slab (100), to position the sleeper (200) at the desired location.
  15. Method for installing according to any of claims 12 to 14, wherein the setting up (E1) of the slab (100) is done by translation of the slab (100) or using a spreader.
EP18207353.6A 2017-11-21 2018-11-20 Assembly comprising prefabricated slab for railway and a sleeper, installation method Active EP3486369B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1761001A FR3073868B1 (en) 2017-11-21 2017-11-21 PREFABRICATED SLAB FOR RAILWAYS, ASSOCIATED CROSSBAR AND INSTALLATION METHOD

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EP3486369A1 EP3486369A1 (en) 2019-05-22
EP3486369B1 true EP3486369B1 (en) 2021-04-21

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021082005A1 (en) * 2019-11-01 2021-05-06 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 Rail structure
CN114960302B (en) * 2022-04-21 2023-07-25 中南大学 High-speed railway assembled ballastless track structure and construction method

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11280001A (en) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-12 Railway Technical Res Inst Rail support, track structure in curved section, and method for setting cant of track in curved section

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US857907A (en) * 1907-03-04 1907-06-25 John S Schaeffer Cross-tie.
DE4008747C2 (en) * 1990-03-19 1994-01-13 Ecology Engineering Consulting Track support trough with a concrete trough with a waterproofing layer
IT1251630B (en) * 1991-10-23 1995-05-17 Consorzio Sistemi Di Armamento RAILWAY ARMING SUPPORT, WITH PREFABRICATED REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS, AND PREFABRICATED REINFORCED CONCRETE PLATFORM FOR ITS EXECUTION
FR2731238B1 (en) * 1995-03-02 1997-05-30 Vagneux Traverses Beton PROCESS FOR LAYING A RAILWAY AND PREFABRICATED SLAB FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11280001A (en) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-12 Railway Technical Res Inst Rail support, track structure in curved section, and method for setting cant of track in curved section

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FR3073868A1 (en) 2019-05-24
EP3486369A1 (en) 2019-05-22
FR3073868B1 (en) 2019-11-29

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