FR3006701A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING BANCH WALLS USING A REUSABLE FORMWORK AND COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE ADJUSTED FRAME - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) allows the manufacture of walled walls, including reinforced concrete. It comprises a formwork (10), which is reusable, and which comprises two spacers (10a, 10b) spaced, braced, delimiting between them a formwork space; at least one of the two panels (10a, 10b) comprises a frame (100) openwork having a plurality of openings (101), and several closing panels (102) movable. Each closure panel (102) is individually movable relative to the frame (100) between a closed position in which it closes at least one opening (101) of the frame (10) and forms with the closure panel (s) (102). ) neighbors in the closed position, a waterproof form skin, and at least one open position in which it does not close at least one of the openings (101) of the frame (100), so as to allow access to the formant space between the two panels (10a, 10b).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the manufacture of slab walls, and in particular concrete slab walls by means of reusable formwork. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION . It finds its application in the field of civil engineering, including in the field of building. PRIOR ART A walled wall is a wall obtained by pouring a concrete into a formwork, the two main vertical formwork walls of which are usually referred to as "banches", and which is placed at the place where it is desired to erect the concrete. Wall. The formwork allows the concrete to take the desired shape and protect it during the setting period of the concrete, that is to say the period necessary for the drying and solidification of the concrete. Once the consolidated concrete and its stability ensured, the formwork is removed (stripping operation). In the present text, the term "banche" is used to designate one of the main vertical walls of the formwork. A panel can indifferently form a form skin substantially continuous and smooth over the entire shuttering surface of the formwork facing inward shuttering, or comprise on said formwork face one or more reservations for the formation of through openings or niches in the wall after stripping. Formwork can be designed to be used only once, and is then referred to as "lost" formwork or "non-reusable" formwork. Formwork may also be designed for repeated use, and 30 is referred to as "reusable" formwork. The invention lies in the field of the manufacture of slab walls by means of a reusable formwork.

Examples of reusable forms for the manufacture of slab walls are described for example in international patent applications WO 2008/057088 and WO 2006/032114. When used alone, the concrete can withstand compressive forces but its resistance to tensile stresses is low. Therefore, it is customary to use reinforced concrete for the manufacture of slab walls, that is to say a concrete that is reinforced by means of a reinforcement or reinforcement made in the form of an assembly of metal bars. vertical and horizontal, usually made of steel.

More generally, in the context of the present text, a walled wall is not necessarily constructed of concrete, but can also be made by filling a formwork with any solidifiable material in the open air, such as for example a mixture with concrete base and in particular a mixture based on concrete and plant aggregates, cob, etc. In this text, the terms "walled wall" must be taken in their broadest sense, and are not limited to a reinforced concrete walled wall, but cover any walled wall constructed of material that can be inserted into a wall. trunk, for example in liquid form, pasty or semi-pasty, and which is solidifiable in the open air.

In order to manufacture a reinforced wall of reinforced material, and in particular of reinforced concrete, by means of a reusable formwork, the following successive main stages are traditionally implemented at the poured wall pouring site: (a) Soil soil terracing to form a trench. (b) Pouring concrete in the bottom of the trench in the form of a layer a few centimeters thick. (c) Laying in the trench a sole reinforcement reinforcement. (d) Pouring the footing of the wall by filling the trench with concrete or equivalent. 3006 701 3 (e) After sufficient drying of the soleplate, place on the soleplate a first vertical branch which extends along the length of the soleplate. (f) constructing and laying sail reinforcement reinforcement in the form of a vertical metal reinforcement, generally made of steel, above the sole, said reinforcement consisting of horizontal and vertical bars or rods, and mechanical bonding of this sail armor reinforcement with the sole reinforcement. (G) laying on the sole of a second vertical panel which extends parallel to the first box, and which is braced with respect to said first box, said bracing being a function of the desired thickness for the wall; closures of the lateral parts of the formwork space between the two panels. (H) Pouring concrete or the like into said form space. (i) After drying the veil of the wall (ie the vertical part of the wall molded between the two sides of the formwork), removal of the formwork (stripping). In the aforementioned international patent application WO 2006/032114, the panels are constituted by light perforated frames to which attached panels are attached, intended to form the formwork skin. The panels attached vis-à-vis two panels are braced between them, so that once the panels fixed on the frames, they are not movable individually. In addition, external braced reinforcing frames are provided on both sides of the two formwork panels. There is now an alternative solution to the manufacture of slab walls, which consists of the installation of partially prefabricated walls, still commonly referred to as "premurs", which consist of two walls of precast concrete walls and braced in the workshop, and which are transported to the laying site. This technique of laying partially prefabricated walls makes it possible to speed up and simplify the on-site installation operations of a wall. On the other hand, the solidity and the stability on the ground and between the walls of the partially prefabricated walls are weak. This solution "premurs" also does not allow to integrate changes during the course of work, and also involves logistical costs of handling 5 and transport of prefabricated walls relatively high. The abovementioned manufacturing technique of a walled wall makes it possible to advantageously obtain an excellent stability and solidity of the wall, and in particular, to manufacture a wall having greater stability and greater strength than a partially prefabricated wall. type 10 "premature". It also allows, compared to the solution of prefabricated walls of type "premurs", to significantly reduce the logistics costs of handling and transport. In addition, the use of a reusable formwork advantageously makes it possible, with respect to the use of a lost formwork for the manufacture of a walled wall, to dampen the cost of the formwork, and thus to reduce the costs. Manufacturing. On the other hand, the abovementioned conventional technique of manufacturing a wall banché by means of a reusable formwork, including in the solution proposed in the aforementioned international patent application WO 2006/032114 20, has at least the disadvantage of not allow physical or visual access to the formwork space between the two shuttering of the formwork once the formwork has been installed on site. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to propose a new solution for the manufacture of a wall banché by means of a reusable formwork, which solution implements at least one sidewall making it possible in particular to overcome the disadvantage supra. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention thus has as its first object a device for the manufacture of slab walls, said device comprising a formwork, which is reusable, and which comprises two spaced, spaced apart boards delimiting between them a formwork space; at least one of the two panels has a perforated frame having several openings, and several movable closing panels; each closure panel is individually movable relative to the frame between a closed position in which it closes at least one opening of the frame and forms, with the adjacent closing panel or panels in the closed position, a sealed form skin, and at least one opening position in which it does not close at least one of the openings of the frame, so as to allow access to the formwork space between the two panels.

More particularly, the device of the invention may comprise the following additional and optional features, taken separately, or in combination with each other: each banche comprises a perforated frame having several openings, and several movable closing panels, each panel closure being individually movable relative to the frame between a closed position in which it closes at least one opening of the frame and forms, with the adjacent closure panel or panels in the closed position, a waterproof form skin, and at least one opening position in which it does not close at least one of the openings of the frame, so as to allow access to the formwork space between the two panels. - Each movable closure panel is removable relative to a frame. - For mounting on a perforated frame, each closure panel is insertable into horizontal or vertical parallel mounting rails, and can slide vertically or horizontally in said rails to the location of the opening or openings of the frame to be closed at means of said closure panel. - It comprises sealing strips to ensure each a seal between at least two adjacent closure panels in the closed position. - Each sealing strip has two parallel mounting rails. - Each closure panel has an inner face which, in the closed position of the panel, is contiguous and flush with the inner face of the sealing strips in contact with said closure panel. - It further comprises, for each perforated frame, locking / unlocking means relative to said frame of each closure panel in its closed position. - The sealing strips are fixed on at least one of the frames which is perforated, and preferably on the inner face of said frame, and are fixed relative to said frame, and the locking / unlocking means of each closure panel relative The frame includes removable insert plates for clamping each panel between the fixed sealing strips and the frame. - The sealing strips are fixed on at least one of the frames which is perforated, and preferably on the inner face of said frame, and are movable relative to said frame, and the locking / unlocking means of each closure panel relative said frame allow a tightening / loosening of each closure panel between the movable sealing strips and the frame by moving the movable sealing strips. - The locking / unlocking means of each closure panel allow in the locked position to tighten the closure panel relative to the frame. - The locking / unlocking means of the closure panels can be manipulated from outside the panels. At least one frame has a plurality of horizontally aligned openings. At least one frame has a plurality of vertically aligned openings. - The closure panels are made of plastic or composite material. - The closure panels have a decor on their inner face to be oriented towards the formwork space. - It comprises at least one armor reinforcement, which comprises at least one sail arming reinforcement positioned between the two formwork panels, and which is integral with the two side panels, so that the device can be transported from one side to the other. only one holding up to the site of manufacture of a wall and that the two panels of the formwork can be separated from reinforcement reinforcement, once the wall formed between the two boards. - The reinforcement reinforcement only includes a sail reinforcement reinforcement. - The reinforcement reinforcement has a sole reinforcement reinforcement, which is fixed rigidly to the sail reinforcement reinforcement and extends in the lower part, which is positioned below the level of the two forms of the formwork, and which preferably extends partially transversely outward of the two formwork panels. - The sole reinforcement reinforcement extends transversely on both sides of the two boards. - It has vertical feet to support the floor formwork and if necessary the reinforcing armament, with the two forms of formwork raised above the ground. - The bracing means of the two formwork panels are adapted to be completely or partially separated from the two panels and removed from the wall during the removal of a wall. - The bracing means comprise spacer tubes to maintain spacing between the two panels, threaded rods adapted to be passed through the spacer tubes and through the panels, and clamping nuts. - The frame of at least one of the two panels, and preferably the frame of each form, is telescopic in length and / or height.

The invention also has for its second object an assembly for the manufacture of a walled wall comprising the above-mentioned device, and mechanical means for stably maintaining in position, with respect to a support surface of the wall, said device with the shuttering flanges positioned vertically.

More particularly, the assembly of the invention may comprise the following additional and optional features: the mechanical means for holding the device in position comprise weighted and / or anchorable bracing means in the ground, which make it possible to hold the device laterally; by resuming lateral efforts on the banches. - The mechanical means for holding the device in position comprise suspension means for stably suspending the entire device relative to the support surface of the wall.

Another object of the invention is the use of the abovementioned device or the abovementioned assembly for manufacturing a walled wall. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a wall banché by means of the aforementioned device or the aforementioned assembly, said method comprising a step of positioning at least a first device on a surface intended to serve as a support on the wall, with the vertically oriented shuttering panels, a step of filling the formwork (10) with a solidifiable material, and more particularly with concrete, and a stripping step. More particularly, the method of the invention may comprise the following additional and optional features, taken alone, or in combination with each other: it comprises, before the filling step, a step of positioning at least one second device, end-to-end in the extension of the first device, and a binding step of the arming reinforcement arming of the two devices, and, where appropriate, the connection of the armament reinforcement armatures of the two devices. - During the positioning step of a device, the two forms of the formwork are not placed in contact with the surface intended to serve as a support for the wall, but are raised relative to this surface. - It includes the following additional steps: - excavation of a laying trench, - positioning of the device so that the formwork is positioned above and in line with the trench with vertically oriented formwork panels, - filling of the trench and formwork with a solidifiable material, and more particularly with concrete. - The device arming reinforcement of the device is fully housed in the trench before filling the trench. - During the positioning step of the device, the two forms of the formwork are fully positioned outside the trench. - It comprises a step of positioning closure panels on at least open frame frame, so as to seal all or part of the openings of the frame and form a waterproof form skin. - During the stripping step is separated before the wall several closure panels before removing the wall corresponding to these panels - The adjustment is made to the length and / or height of at least one telescopic handle device . Before the stripping step, at least the following additional steps are carried out: one separates one of the boards from the other board, so as to provide a formwork space between said board and one of the faces of the board; veil of the wall previously formed; the formwork space is filled with a material, and in particular with a thermally insulating material, so as to form a wall against a wall against said face of the wall veil.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the detailed description below of several particular embodiments and implementations of the invention, which variants are described by way of examples. non-limiting and non-exhaustive of the invention, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is an overall perspective view of a first variant of a device of the invention for the manufacture of walled walls with reinforced concrete sail and reinforced concrete footing. FIG. 2 is a detailed view showing an example of mounting a closure panel on a frame of the device of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 represents a sealing strip of the device of FIG. 1. FIG. 4 schematically shows a clamping wedge placed on the locking rod of a sealing strip. - Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view in a horizontal plane showing an example of mounting a closure panel on a frame of the device of Figure 1 with fixed sealing strips. - Figure 6 is a detail view showing the assembly of a vertical leg of the device of Figure 1 with the formwork of said device through the spacer tube formwork. FIGS. 7 to 13 show the main steps of an exemplary implementation of the device of FIG. 1 for the manufacture of an inverted T-shaped banister wall. FIG. 14 shows the two devices of the invention positioned end-to-end with a connection of the sail reinforcement reinforcement of the two devices by connecting steels. FIG. 15 shows another example of a step of positioning and holding in vertical position the device of FIG. 1. FIG. 16 shows another example of implementation of a device of the invention for manufacturing of a walled wall with top edge in staircase. - Figure 17 is an overview of another variant of a device of the invention for the manufacture of walled walls consisting solely of a reinforced concrete web and not having a sole. FIG. 18 shows an exemplary implementation of the device of FIG. 17. FIG. 19 is a view of the internal face (facing towards the formwork space) of a frame of the device of FIG. 1, without closure panels. FIG. 20 represents the frame of FIG. 19, after placement of five closure panels, which in this particular variant each close a whole column of openings of the frame. FIGS. 21 to 23 respectively show three examples of positioning two adjacent panels at their edges 25 perpendicular to the sealing strips between panels. - Figure 24 is a detail view showing another example of openwork frames and braced, with implementation of fixed sealing strips. - Figure 25 is a front view of a first variant of the telescopic handle in the undeployed position. - Figure 26 is a front view of the telescopic handle of Figure 25 in the deployed position. - Figure 27 is a schematic cross-sectional view in a horizontal plane of an angle formed by two telescopic cracks (before connecting steel) according to the first variant of Figures 25 and 26. - Figure 28 is a front view. a second variant of telescopic handle in the undeployed position. - Figure 29 is a front view of the telescopic handle of Figure 28 in the deployed position. - Figures 30 to 32 schematically illustrate the main steps for the manufacture of a wall against wall covering one of the faces of the web of a previously formed wall. - Figure 33 schematically shows a wall with wall against wall covering one side of the web of said wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION With reference to FIG. 1, in a first variant embodiment, the device 1 for the manufacture of slab walls comprises: a reusable formwork comprising two vertical slats 10a, 10b which are positioned opposite one another other, which are braced with respect to each other, and delimit between them a formant space; a reinforcement reinforcement 11 which is integral with the panels 10a, 10b, so that the device 1 (folds 10a-10b / reinforcing reinforcement 11) can be transported in a single piece to the manufacturing site; a wall banché.

In the particular variant of Figure 1, each panel 10a, 10b comprises a robust metal frame 100, for example steel, which is perforated. The two frames 100 are positioned opposite each other, and are spaced relative to each other (Figure 2). In Figure 1, the two frames 100 are identical. In another variant the frames 100 could be different. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 19, each frame 100 has several openings 101. In this example and in a nonlimiting manner of the invention, each frame 100 has (nxm) openings 101 which are aligned horizontally in the form of n rows (n = 3 for the variant of Figures 1 and 19) and which are aligned vertically in the form of m columns (m = 7 for the variant of Figures 1 and 19). In the example of Figures 1 and 19, each frame 100 is constituted by a welded assembly of steel tubes forming vertical uprights 100a connected by horizontal cross members 100b. Each opening 101 is of quadrangular shape, and is delimited by two vertical uprights 100a and two horizontal cross members 100b of the frame 100. The quadrangular shape of the openings 101 is however not limiting of the invention. With reference to FIG. 2, to maintain a predefined spacing between the two frames 100, said spacing being a function of the desired wall thickness, the two frames 100 are braced with respect to one another by means of bracing 103, which can be at least partly removed from the two frames 100, during the last stripping step, once the wall cast. Each spacer means 103 comprises: - a spacer tube 103a, which is positioned horizontally between the two inner faces 100c, facing each other, of two uprights 100a of the frames 100, - a steel threaded shank 103b, of the igneous rod type, which has passed through the two uprights 100a facing each other of the frames 100, being threaded into the bracing tube 103a, - two nuts clamp 103c which are mounted at each end of the rod 103b, and which are screwed on the rod 103b so as to obtain a clamping of each upright 100a between the spacer tube 103a and the clamping nut 103c. The formwork 10 further comprises a plurality of closure panels 102, which are in a light material, such as for example plastic material, for example polypropylene, or composite material. The panels 102 are designed to be individually and removably mounted on a frame 100, to completely seal several openings 101 of the frame 100 and form a waterproof form skin. In a nonlimiting manner of the invention, each panel 102 makes it possible, for example, to close an opening 101 of a frame 100, or a panel 102 may be designed to close several openings 101 of a frame 100, as illustrated in FIG. the particular variant of FIG. 20. Each frame 100 provided with closure panels 102 thus forms one of the forms 10a or 10b of the formwork, the frame 100 allowing the compression forces to be resumed during the pouring of the walled wall, and the closure panels 102 forming the formwork skin. In the particular example of FIG. 1, the frame 100 on the right comprises fifteen contiguous panels 101, which respectively seal the fifteen central openings of the frame. A first particular example of mounting a panel 102 on a frame 100, with implementation of mobile vertical sealing strips will now be detailed with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. FIG. example of sealing strip 104, which consists of a rigid sealing profile 1040, and provided on its outer face 1040a (facing outwardly of the formwork space) of several locking rods 1041 perpendicular to said face 1040a. The inner face 1040b of the sealing profile 1040 (face facing the inside of the formwork space) is flat. Each locking rod 1041 has a through-hole at its distal end into which a clamping wedge 1042 can be releasably inserted. On its outer face 1040a, the sealing profile 1040 is also provided with two longitudinal grooves 1040c with their function. The sealing strip 104 also has through-holes 1040d permitting passage of the spacer tubes 103a through the sealing strip 104. With reference to FIG. 2, the sealing strips 104 are threaded in vertical position on the spacer tubes 103a and can slide along these tubes 103a, an annular seal 103d being interposed between the tube 103a and each sealing strip 104. Each locking rod 1041 passes through integrally the amount 100a of a frame 100, so that its distal end, provided with the through light for the coi 1042, is projecting outwardly of the frame 100, and is therefore accessible from outside the formwork space between the two frames 100. Referring to Figure 2, each closure panel 102 comprises , at its two vertical edges, two vertical mounting grooves 102a, which are oriented towards the formwork space, and which have a profile complementary to the profile of the slides 1040c of the sealing strips 104. Between these two mounting grooves 102a , the panel 102 has a flat inner face 102b for forming a formwork skin.

The mounting of a closure panel 102 on a frame 100 is achieved by vertically inserting the panel 102 between the internal faces 100c of two adjacent uprights 100a of the frame 100 and the outer face 1040a of the two sealing strips 104, the mounting grooves 102a. of the panel being nested loosely in the slides 1040c of the sealing strips 104. Then the panel 102 is slid vertically until it abuts edge to edge against a lower panel 102, and completely closes the opening corresponding to the frame 100. For the panels of the 1 st lowest row which are the first to be inserted in each column of panels, the lowest cross 100b of the frame 100 is for example provided on its inner face with a recess. or cornice 100d (Figure 19) serving as a low stop to these panels. To seal between adjacent panels and to lock the panels 102 of a panel column relative to the frame 100, the locking rods 1041 are pulled so as to clamp each panel 102 between the sealing strip 104 and the internal face 100c of the uprights 100a of the frame 100, and the clamping wedges 1042 (FIG. 4) are inserted through the locking rod 1041, so as to lock the sealing strip 104 in the clamping position. is clamped between the frame 100 and the two sealing strips 104, it is pressed against the frame 100 so as to ensure a seal between the frame 100 and the panel 102 on at least two opposite sides of the panel, and preferably on any around the closing panel. In addition, the flat inner face 102b of this panel 102 is contiguous and flush with the inner faces 1040b of the two sealing strips 104, as shown in Figure 2, so as to form a sealed form skin. Each sealing strip 104 thus makes it possible to seal two adjacent panels 102 of a row of panels in a sealed manner and to form with the panels a waterproof form skin. The sealing between neighboring panels 102 of a column of panels is obtained by placing in direct contact (FIG. 21 or FIG. 22) horizontal edges 102d (edges of the panels perpendicular to the sealing strips 104) of two superposed panels 102 or by interlocking the horizontal edges 102d of two superposed panels 102 by means of a grooved-grooved type assembly (Figure 23). Optionally, two overlapping panels 102 may also be locked edge-to-edge by means of clamping nails.

In the variant of Figure 2, the inner face 102b of the panel 102 is flat. In another variant of the invention, the inner face 102b of the panel 102 may have a decorative relief, for example engraved or molded, be entirely curved or locally present curved portions, so as to form on the formwork skin an impression decorative, which will be molded on at least one of the faces of the wall so as to form a decoration. To unlock the panels 102 and remove them from the frame 100, the nuts 103c are loosened and the two frames 100 are separated from each other. It is then sufficient to remove the tightening wedges 1042, and to loosen the strips sealing 104, then vertically slide the panels 102 to remove them from the frame 100.

A second particular example of mounting a panel 102 on a frame 100, with implementation of vertical sealing strips 104 which are fixed, will now be detailed with reference to FIG. 5. With reference to this FIG. sealing strips 104 are fixed relative to a frame 100 and are spaced from the frame 100 so as to allow vertical sliding of the panels 102. Once each panel 102 is slid between the sealing strips 104 and the frame 100 in its In the closed position of an opening 102 of the frame 100, the clamping and locking in position of each panel 102 is obtained by inserting the attached clamping wedges 1043 between the frame 100 and the outer face 102c of the panels 102. Preferably , the shims 1043 are inserted between the frame 100 and the outer face 102c of the panels 102 over the entire periphery of each panel. To unlock the panels 102, and remove them from the frame 100, the said clamping wedges 1043 are removed. In another particular variant embodiment illustrated in FIG. 24, when the sealing strips are fixed relative to the frame 100, It is preferable that the spacer tube 103a extends only between the two sealing strips 104 and does not pass through the sealing strips 104, and that it is fitted at both ends into the sealing strips. sealing 104 so as to be easily disconnected from the two sealing strips 104 during stripping. This characteristic makes it easy to remove the sealing strips during dismantling without damaging them. The invention is not limited to the two panel mounting examples which have just been described. For example and in a non-exhaustive manner, in another alternative embodiment, the mounting of the panels could be obtained by sliding them horizontally relative to the frame, and by implementing horizontal sealing strips between rows of panels. In another variant, the mounting of each panel may also be obtained by interlocking or clipping each panel on the frame in a direction of engagement or clipping substantially perpendicular to the frame. In another variant, a panel may be designed to close simultaneously several openings, such as for example in the variant of FIG. 20, in which a panel 102 makes it possible to close off a whole column of openings. In another alternative embodiment, the locking in the closed position of each panel 102 removable from the frame 100 can be obtained by providing only a snap fit of the panel 102 in the mounting rails 1040c. In another alternative embodiment, each panel 102 may also be movable relative to the frame, without being removable, for example by being secured to the frame by means of a horizontal or vertical hinge, in the manner of a window swinging or hatch. In this variant, each hinged panel 102 may be locked by any mechanical means in a closed position, in which it completely closes one or more openings 102 of the frame 100, and forms a waterproof form skin with the adjacent panels in position closing. Each hinged panel 102 can be unlocked and brought into an open position in which at least one corresponding opening 102 of the frame is no longer closed, and allows local physical or visual access to the formwork space between the two panels 10a. , 10b, and where appropriate a physical or visual access to reinforcement reinforcement 11 between the two panels 10a, 10b. In the particular variant of FIG. 1, the reinforcement reinforcement 11 comprises a vertical metal reinforcement 110, which is positioned between the two panels 10a, 10b, and a horizontal metal reinforcement 111 which is positioned perpendicular to the base of the vertical reinforcement 110 below the level of the two panels 10a, 10b of the formwork. The two armatures 110 and 111 are fixed together by being rigidly connected by means of metal connecting pieces 112 (FIG. 1), so as to form a reinforcement armature 11 in one piece in an inverted T-shape. The connecting pieces 112 are, for example, welded and / or ligated to the reinforcements 110 and 111. The vertical metal reinforcement 110 is intended to form the reinforcement reinforcement of the wall of the wall, and is constituted in the usual manner. by a mechanically welded assembly of horizontal and vertical rods of metal, and in particular steel. This vertical armature 110 extends substantially over the entire length and over the entire height of the panels 10a, 10b, that is to say frames 100 in the variant of FIG. 1. The horizontal metal armature 110 extends on either side of the two panels 10a, 10b, below the level of the two panels 10a, 10b, and is intended to form the reinforcement of the sole of the wall banché. It is conventionally formed by a mechanically welded assembly of metal rods, in particular steel rods. Referring to Figures 1 and 6, the device 1 further comprises vertical metal legs 12, which are passed through the armoring reinforcement 11, and which are fixed to the armoring reinforcement 11, in particular by welding, so as to to be able to support the reinforcement reinforcement 11 on the ground. In addition with reference to FIG. 6, some spacer tubes 103a of the frames 100 are passed through the feet 12, so that the feet 12 also make it possible to support the ground the frames 100 of the formwork. The device 1 may be intended to be used by being mounted and fixed end to end between two similar devices for the manufacture of a wall of greater length than the length of the device 1. In this case, the two lateral ends of the formant space between the two panels 10a, 10b remain open as shown in Figure 1. The device 1 may be intended to form an end form of a wall. In this case, at least one of the two ends of the form space is sealingly closed by a closure side piece 105 as illustrated in FIG. 10, 11 or 12.

The device 1 may be intended to manufacture a wall whose length is less than or equal to the length of the panels 10a, 10b. In this case, the two ends of the formwork space are sealed by lateral closing parts 105.

The device 1 of FIG. 1 with formwork 10 and embedded reinforcement reinforcement 11 is advantageously manufactured in the workshop, which allows an optimal control of the quality of manufacture and assembly of the formwork 10 and the reinforcing reinforcement 11, and in particular the quality and precision of the bracing between the frames 100, and the quality and solidity of the reinforcement reinforcement construction 1. The assembly, if necessary, of the closing part or parts 105 is carried out in the workshop, by clamping the pieces between the two frames 100, during the bracing operation of the two frames 100. Once the device manufactured in the workshop, it is transported in one piece to the casting site of the slab walls. For the transport of the device 1 to the pouring site of the walled wall, the two frames 100 may be totally devoid of closure panel 102, which panels 102 are in this case mounted later on the frames 100, once the device is positioned on the pouring site of the banché wall. Nevertheless, in another variant of implementation, some closure panels 102 intended to form the formwork skin, and in particular those of the lower rows and / or all the panels of only one of the two frames 100 can be mounted on the frames 100 in the workshop before transporting the device to the poured wall pouring site. Preferably, with a device such as that of FIG. 1, it is possible to mount all the panels of one of the two frames 100 in the workshop, and leave the other frame devoid of panel 102 so as to leave access to the panel. formant space between the two frames, and in particular access to reinforcement reinforcement of the sail 110. In this regard, it should be emphasized that the invention is not limited to the implementation of two perforated frames 100 with panels In another variant, the device may comprise a single frame 100 openwork with closure panels 102 as a formwork, the other side of the formwork may be constituted by a non-perforated wall which may be in one or more parts . Also in another variant embodiment of the invention, which does not allow easy access to the formwork space, the device may comprise a formwork whose two panels 10a, 10b are formed by two non-perforated vertical walls, and which is integral with a sail reinforcement reinforcement 110, and possibly a sole armament reinforcement 111. The main successive steps of manufacture of a walled wall M 10 (Figure 13) made of reinforced concrete comprising a vertical veil 16 and a sole 15, by means of the device of FIG. 1, will now be detailed with reference to FIGS. 7 to 16. The first step (a) is to carry out an earthwork (FIG. 7) of the ground at the location of the manufacture of the walled wall, by digging a trench 15 T in the ground S. In a second step (b) optional, poured a concrete slab DB on both sides of the trench T (Figure 8). In a third step (c) of implementation (FIG. 8), the device 1 is positioned by placing it in the bottom of the trench T via the abovementioned legs 12. The on-site handling of the device 1 can be performed with a standard lifting gear. The reinforcement reinforcement of the sole 111 is positioned entirely in the trench T. The frames 100 of the formwork and the sail reinforcement reinforcement 110 are positioned vertically in line with the trench T. The bottom base of the frames 110 25 can be located above the level of the DB slab made on either side of the trench T. In another variant, the lower base of the frames 110 could be located in line with the trench below the level of the trench. DB slab performed on both sides of the trench T. In an alternative embodiment of this third step (c) illustrated in Figure 8, is implemented on both sides of the device 1 two systems support 14 bearing on the slab (or road ...) DB on both sides of the trench T, and having a plurality of suspension cylinders 140, so as to suspend the entire device 1 above the trench , without this one being put in the fon d trench by means of the feet 12, the armor reinforcement of the sole 111 5 however remaining fully housed in the trench T. In this embodiment, the feet 12 are not necessary and may be absent of the device 1. In addition, knowing that the device 1 is suspended so that it is not not in contact with the bottom of the trench T, the flatness of the bottom of the trench T is without importance, the reference for the height positioning and alignment of the device being taken with respect to the upper surface of the concrete slab (or road ...) DB. It should be emphasized that the openings 102 in at least one of the two frames 100 advantageously allow, at this stage of manufacture, a final visual inspection of the steels, seals, etc. by the supervisor or a control office. . It is also advantageously possible, at this stage of manufacture, to have very easy access to the formwork space between the two frames 100, in order to carry out any operation in this formwork space which could prove useful. In particular, an operator can advantageously perform operations on reinforcement reinforcement of web 110 and / or soleplate 111. More particularly, it is possible to position two devices 1, 1 end to end (FIG. make a wall longer than the length of a single device. In this case, the frames 100 of the two devices are fastened together at their ends by means, for example, of nuts and bolts, and the operator can easily access the reinforcement reinforcement 11 of the devices 1, 1 ', for example to put in place connecting steels 113 (ligated or welded) between the two sail reinforcement reinforcements 110 of the two devices 1, 1 'and, where appropriate, between the two sole armament reinforcements 111. The operator can also easily perform visual inspection of the inside of the formwork, in particular by inspecting additional elements that may be provided in the formwork space, such as window or door reservations, cable ducts, ventilation ducts, reinforcements, material insulation, etc ...

In a fourth step (d), the closure panels 102 are placed on the frame (s) 10, and each panel 102 is locked so as to form waterproof form skins and constitute the two vertical waterproof boxes 10a, 10b of the formwork (Figure 9 without implementation of lateral closure part on the form or Figure 10 with implementation of part (s) closing (s) 105 of the formwork). In a fifth step (e), the flange 15 of the wall is poured by filling the trench T with concrete (FIG. 11), then the concrete B is poured (FIG. 12) between the two flanks 10a, 10b of the formwork in FIG. introducing in the usual manner through the upper opening of the formwork so as to form the veil 16 of the wall M. After sufficient drying of the sole 15 and the veil 16 of the wall M, in a final step (f) of stripping, remove the shuttering 10 by separating the reinforcement frame 11 from the two frames 100 with their panels 102. The reinforced concrete walled wall M of FIG. 13 is thus obtained. This separation is achieved by unlocking and removing the rods 103b from the tightening nuts. 103c, and by tapping with a mass on the rods 103b so as to get the rods 103b out through the web 16 of the wall M., the spacer tubes 103a remaining inside the web 16 of the Wall. Then, the two panels 10a, 10b are separated by separating them from the wall, so as to recover the frames 100, the panels 102, the sealing strips 104, and if necessary the lateral closing parts 105. The reservation holes in the wall M corresponding to the passage of the spacer tubes 103a are then manually refilled.

Before dismantling, due in particular to the moisture between the two panels 10a, 10b and the veil 16 of the wall M, the panels 10a and 10b tend in practice to stick to the veil 16 of the wall by suction effect. When the surface of the panels 10a, 10b is large, it can thus be difficult to separate them from the wall without damaging the panels 10a, 10b, and more particularly the closure panels 102. The implementation of closure panels 102 which are individually movable relative to the frame 100 advantageously makes it possible, in an alternative embodiment of the stripping step, to unlock and separate several panels of the wall individually by bringing them into the open position (that is to say by removing them from the frame 100 when the panels are removable) before removing the frames 100 and separate the frames 100 of the wall. The surface of a panel 102 is lower, the suction effect on a single panel is less strong, and the panel can be separated from the wall more easily without risk of deterioration. When a sufficient number of panels has been removed, the area of the wall-contacting board is smaller, which decreases the suction effect and facilitates the removal of the panel. Once the wall M has been manufactured, all the elements of the formwork 10, with the possible exception of the spacer tubes 103a, can then be reused and returned to the workshop to manufacture a device 1 with a new reinforcing reinforcement 11. The FIG. 15 illustrates a second alternative embodiment of the third step (c) referred to above. In this variant, the device 1 is supported in the bottom of the trench T by the feet 12, and the two frames 100 of the device are held laterally in a vertical plane by means of bracing means 13. In this variant, the pouring (or the presence) of a concrete slab DB is not necessary, the soil S on either side of the trench T can be loose, but it is recommended to pour a BP layer of a concrete of cleanliness in the bottom of the trench T to a thickness of a few centimeters or to achieve in the bottom of the trench T concrete pads to set the feet 12 and control the alignment of the device 1. The bracing means 13 are for example constituted by one or more push-pull struts 130, whose upper end is secured to one of the frames 100 and whose lower end is weighted by a concrete block 131 or equivalent placed on the ground near the trench, or is anchored in the soil with a temporary seal. For a better stability, pulling struts pushing 130 weighted can be provided on both sides of the formwork 10. It should be noted that after the third step (c) (figure 8 or figure 15), to unlike traditional methods, the two formwork boards 10a, 10b are not in contact with the ground. As a result, the casting operations of the concrete to form the sole 15 and pouring concrete to form the web 16 of the wall M can advantageously be carried out one after the other, and in particular without waiting for complete drying. In addition, it is advantageous to overcome the small variations of the soil, compared to an implementation in which the panels would be placed in contact with the ground. Compared with the traditional method of manufacturing reinforced concrete slab walls, the solution of the invention advantageously makes it possible to reduce handling, lifting and assembly operations on the ground and at the height of the wall casting site, and reduce the manufacturing time of a wall. The invention also has the following other advantages. As part of the manufacture of wall with footing, when a reservation (gutter, ...) must be made at the foot of the wall, frames 25 100 can serve as formwork support for these reservations. With movable closing panels 102, the interior of the formwork 10 can remain accessible throughout its height, until the establishment of the formwork skin which is the last step before casting. This not only makes it possible to control and / or reinforce the steels of reinforcement reinforcement, but also makes it possible to modify certain parameters (reservations, 3006 701 26 technical sleeves, ventilation duct, etc.) very easily, contrary for example to the solution of prefabricated prefabricated walls. It is possible with a device of the invention to cast a wall veil in a single step up to high wall heights that can reach for example 6 meters. When it is necessary to integrate additional elements in reinforcement reinforcement 11, such as for example vertical metal rails, or when it is necessary to integrate additional elements between the panels 10a, 10b, such as by example of the technical elements 10 of technical sheath type for the passage of electrical cable in the wall, ventilation duct, reservation for window or door, these integration operations are faster and above all more accurate when they are executed flat in a workshop, in optimal working conditions, and protected from climatic conditions rather than on an open construction site. The use of movable, and in particular removable, closure panels 102 for forming the formwork skins of at least one of the two panels advantageously makes it possible to cast a wall whose upper edge is not necessarily horizontal, but can present for example a sloping profile (or stairs, ...), as shown in Figure 16. 20 Referring to Figure 16, when pouring the wall banché, the operator can easily access the shuttering space and manually accompany the pouring of the wall. Also, the positioning of the panels 102 in the closed position and their locking relative to the frame 100 can advantageously be carried out as and when the wall is poured between the two panels 10a, 10b. In the variants which have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the device comprises a reinforcement reinforcement 11 for forming a wall with a reinforced sail 16 and an armed base 15, and forming an inverted T, the sail reinforcement reinforcement 110 being substantially centered with respect to the sole armament reinforcement 111. In another variant, the sail armor reinforcement 110 may be off-center with respect to the armature reinforcement reinforcement 111. sail reinforcement reinforcement 110 may be completely off-center with respect to sole reinforcement reinforcement 111, so as to produce an almost L-shaped canted wall. In another variant of the invention illustrated in FIG. the device 1 may comprise only a sail reinforcement 110 and not include sole reinforcement. As shown in FIG. 18, this type of device of FIG. 17 is for example used to cast a walled wall consisting solely of a vertical veil placed on an existing wall support S 10, such as a structure or an existing lower wall. In this figure 18, the frames 100 of the device are placed in contact with the work or an existing lower wall S, and are not suspended. FIGS. 25 and 26 show a variant of panel 10a or 10b which is telescopic in length. In this variant the frame 100 15 of the formwork is in two parts 100 'and 100 ", which are adapted to slide one side relative to the other so as to adjust the length L of the frame 100 of the form. Referring to Fig. 26, the frame portion 100 'has at one end smaller horizontal section tubes TU, which are nestable in the ends of the horizontal tubes 100b of the frame portion 100 ", so as to allow sliding of the portion 100 "of the frame relative to the other part 100 'of frame.After the frame 100 set to the desired length, the two frame parts 100' and 100" are immobilized relative to the other by any mechanical means. Preferably, the two panels 10a, 10b of the formwork are telescopic in length. With reference to FIG. 27, the use of telescopic side panels in terms of length makes it possible to simplify the production of the angles of 30 walls by telescoping independently of one another the opposite panels.

FIGS. 28 and 29 show a variant of box 10a or 10b which is telescopic in height. In this variant the frame 100 of the formwork is in two parts 100 'and 100 ", which are adapted to slide one part relative to the other so as to adjust the height H of the frame 100 of the form. with reference to FIG. 29, the frame part 100 'has at one end vertical tubes TU' of smaller section, which are nestable in the ends of the vertical tubes 100a of the frame part 100 ', so as to allow a sliding the portion 100 "of the frame relative to the other part 100 'of frame.After the frame 100 set to the desired height, the two frame parts 100' and 100" are immobilized relative to the other by any mechanical means. Preferably, the two panels 10a, 10b of the formwork are telescopic in height. In another variant, each form can be telescopic both in length and height. In another variant embodiment, the device of the invention may also be used in such a way as to allow on-site manufacture of a wall M made of concrete or equivalent and at least one wall against wall covering the wall. one of the faces of the web 16 of the wall M, and in particular of an insulating wall against wall PI, as shown in Figure 33. To manufacture this type of wall with wall against wall of Figure 33, once the veil 16 of the wall M cast between the two panels 10a, 10b of the device of the invention (FIG. 30), the clamping nuts 103c of one of the 10a of the two panels 10a, 10b are loosened and said panel 10a by relative to the other box 10b, so as to arrange between one of the face of the veil 16 and the box 10a a formwork space EC (Figure 31). The two panels 10a, 10b remain spaced relative to each other. Then, the form space EC is filled with the constituent material of the wall against the wall PI (FIG. 32). This material is for example any known type of thermally insulating material. It is then sufficient to proceed to the complete demoulding of the wall to obtain the wall of FIG. 33. Optionally, before making the wall against the wall PI, SC seals are fixed in the wall veil 16, the function of which is to improve the connection between the veil 16 and the wall against wall PI. A wall against wall PI can also be made on the other side of the web 16 of the wall M proceeding in the same way with the wall 10b. The device of the invention can also be used to make against-walls on existing wall sails.

Although the invention is mainly adapted for the manufacture of concrete slab walls, it should be emphasized that the device of the invention can also be used to manufacture a wall banché in a material other than concrete, by filling more generally the shuttering of the device with any solidifiable material in the open air, such as, for example, a mixture based on concrete and in particular a mixture based on concrete and plant aggregates, cob, etc.

Claims (38)

REVENDICATIONS1. Device (1) for the manufacture of slab walls, said device comprising a formwork (10), which is reusable, and which comprises two spaced apart, spaced apart strips (10a, 10b) delimiting between them a formwork space, at least one of two side panels (10a, 10b) comprise a perforated frame (100) having a plurality of openings (101), and a plurality of movable closing panels (102), each closure panel (102) being individually movable relative to the frame (100) between a closing position in which it closes at least one opening (101) of the frame (10) and forms, with the closing panel (s) (102) adjacent in the closed position, a sealed form skin, and at least one position d opening in which it does not close at least one of the openings (101) of the frame (100), so as to allow access to the formwork space between the two panels (10a, 10b). 2. Device according to claim 1, wherein each wall (10a, 10b) comprises a frame (100) perforated having a plurality of openings (101), and several closing panels (102) movable, each closure panel (102) being individually movable relative to the frame (100) between a closed position in which it closes at least one opening (101) of the frame (10) and forms, with the closing panel or panels (102) adjacent in the closed position, a skin sealing casing, and at least one open position in which it does not close at least one of the openings (101) of the frame (100), so as to allow access to the formwork space between the two panels (10a , 10b). 3. Device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein each movable closure panel (102) is removable relative to a frame (100). 4. Device according to claim 3, wherein for its mounting on a frame (100) apertured, each closure panel (102) is insertable into parallel mounting rails (1040c) horizontal or vertical, and can slide vertically or horizontally in said slides to the location of the opening (s) (101) of the frame (100) to be closed by means of said closure panel. 5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising sealing strips (104) for each ensuring a seal between at least two closure panels (102) neighbors in the closed position. 6. Device according to claims 4 and 5, wherein each sealing strip (104) comprises two parallel mounting rails (1040c). 7. Device according to one of claims 5 or 6, wherein each closure panel (102) has an inner face (102b) which, in the closed position of the panel, is contiguous and is flush with the inner face of the strips sealing member (104) in contact with said closure panel (102). 8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising, for each frame (100) apertured, locking / unlocking means relative to said frame (100) of each closure panel (102) in its position of closing. 9. Device according to claim 8 and any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the sealing strips (104) are fixed on at least one of the frames (100) which is perforated, and preferably on the face internal to said frame, and are fixed with respect to said frame, and the locking / unlocking means of each closure panel (102) with respect to said frame have removable inserts (1043) for clamping each panel (102) between them. sealing strips (104) fixed and the frame (100). 10. Device according to claim 8 and any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the sealing strips (104) are fixed on at least one of the frames (100) which is perforated, and preferably on the inner face said frame, and are movable with respect to said frame, and the locking / unlocking means (1041, 1042) of each closure panel (102) with respect to said frame allow a tightening / loosening of each closure panel (102) between the movable sealing strips (104) and the frame (100) by moving the movable sealing strips (104). Apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the locking / unlocking means of each closure panel (102) allow in the locked position to clamp the closure panel (102) relative to the frame (100). ). 12. Device according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the locking / unlocking means of the closure panels (102) are manipulable from outside the panels (10a, 10b). Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one frame (100) has a plurality of horizontally aligned openings (101). 20 Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one frame (10) has a plurality of vertically aligned apertures (101). 15. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the closure panels (102) are made of plastic or composite material. 16. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the closure panels (102) have a decor on their inner face intended to be oriented towards the formwork space. 17. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one armoring reinforcement (11), which comprises at least one sail arming reinforcement (110) positioned between the two side panels (10a, 10b) of the formwork, and which is integral with the two panels (10a, 10b), so that the device (1) can be transported in one piece to the site of manufacture of a wall and that the two panels (10a, 10b) of the formwork can be separated from the reinforcement reinforcement (11), once the wall formed between the two panels. 18. Device according to claim 17, wherein the armor reinforcement (11) comprises only a sail arming reinforcement (110). 10 19. Device according to claim 17, wherein the armor reinforcement (11) comprises a sole arming reinforcement (111), which is fixed rigidly to the sail arming reinforcement (110) and extends it in the lower part. which is positioned below the level of the two panels (10a, 10b) of the formwork (10), and which preferably extends partly transversely outwards of the two panels (10a, 10b) of the formwork. 20. Device according to claim 19, wherein the sole arming reinforcement (111) extends transversely on either side of the two panels (10a, 10b). 20 21. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising vertical feet (12) for supporting the formwork (10) and, where appropriate, the reinforcing reinforcement (11), with the two panels (10a, 10b). ) of the formwork raised above the ground. 25 22. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the bracing means (103) of the two panels (10a, 10b) of the formwork (10) are adapted to be wholly or partly separated from the two panels (10a, 10b) and removed from the wall when stripping a wall. 30 23. Device according to claim 22, wherein the spacer means (103) comprise spacer tubes (103a) for maintaining spacing between the two panels (10a, 10b), threaded rods (103b) adapted to be passed through the spacer tubes (103a) and through the dams (10a, 10b), and clamping nuts (103c). 24. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame (100) of at least one of the two panels, and preferably the frame (100) of each form, is telescopic in length (L) and / or in height (H). 25. Assembly for the manufacture of a walled wall comprising the device (1) referred to in any one of the preceding claims, and mechanical means for stably maintaining in position, with respect to a support surface of the wall, said device with the shutters (10a, 10b) of the formwork (10) positioned vertically. 26. An assembly according to claim 25, wherein the mechanical means for holding the device (1) in position comprise weighted and / or dockable bracing means (13) in the ground, which make it possible to hold the device (1) laterally in position. taking up lateral efforts on the banches (10a, 10b). 27. The assembly of claim 25, wherein the mechanical means for holding the device (1) in position comprise suspension means (14) for stably suspending the entire device (1) relative to the support surface of the device. Wall. 28. Use of the device according to any one of claims 1 to 24 or the assembly of any one of claims 25 to 27 for manufacturing a wall banché. 29. A method of manufacturing a wall banché by means of the device according to any one of claims 1 to 24 or the assembly of any one of claims 25 to 27, comprising a positioning step of least a first device (1) on a surface intended to serve as a support for the wall, with the formwork panels (10a, 10b) of the formwork (10) oriented vertically, a step of filling the formwork (10) with a solidifiable material, and more particularly with concrete, and a stripping step. 30. The method of claim 29, implementing a device according to any one of claims 17 to 20 and comprising before the filling step, a step of positioning at least a second device (1 ') referred to in any one of claims 17 to 20, end-to-end in the extension of the first device (1), and a step of connecting the sail-arming reinforcement (110) of the two devices (1, 1 ') and the case linkage of the sole armament reinforcement (111) of the two devices (1, 1 '). 31. Method according to any one of claims 29 or 30, wherein during the step of positioning a device (1), the two panels (10a, 10b) of the formwork (10) are not placed in contact with each other. of the surface intended to support the wall, but are raised relative to this surface. 32. A method according to any one of claims 29 to 31, comprising the following additional steps: - digging a trench (T) laying, - positioning the device (1) so that the formwork (10) is positioned above and in line with the trench (T) with vertically oriented formwork panels (10a, 10b), - trench (T) and formwork (10) filling with solidifiable material, and more especially with concrete. 33. The method of claim 32, implemented by means of a device according to any one of claims 19 or 20, wherein the sole arming reinforcement (111) of the device (1) is fully housed in the trench (T) before filling the trench 34. A method according to any one of claims 32 or 33 wherein during the step of positioning the device (1), the two 3006 701 36 sides (10a, 10b) of the formwork (10) are fully positioned outside of the trench (T). 35. A method according to any one of claims 29 to 34, comprising a step of positioning closure panels 5 (102) on at least one frame (100) perforated formwork (10), so as to seal all or part of openings (101) of the frame (100) and forming a waterproof form skin. 36. A method according to any one of claims 29 to 35, wherein during the stripping step is first separated from the wall several closure panels (102) before removing from the wall the form corresponding to these panels 37. A method according to any one of claims 29 to 36, implemented by means of a device according to claim 24, wherein is carried out an adjustment of the length and / or height of at least one telescopic handlebar of the device. 38. A method according to any one of claims 29 to 37, in which, before the stripping step, at least the following additional steps are carried out: - one deviates one (10a) banches relative to the other banche 20 (10b), so as to provide a formwork space (EC) between said wall (10a) and one of the faces of the web (16) of the previously formed wall; the formwork space (EC) is filled with a material, and in particular with a thermally insulating material, so as to form a wall against the wall (PI) against said face of the web (16) of the wall.