WO2011157228A1 - Method for constructing permanent dwelling - Google Patents

Method for constructing permanent dwelling Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011157228A1
WO2011157228A1 PCT/CN2011/075906 CN2011075906W WO2011157228A1 WO 2011157228 A1 WO2011157228 A1 WO 2011157228A1 CN 2011075906 W CN2011075906 W CN 2011075906W WO 2011157228 A1 WO2011157228 A1 WO 2011157228A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
template
wall
formwork
slope
constructing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/075906
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张培霞
Original Assignee
Zhang Peixia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhang Peixia filed Critical Zhang Peixia
Publication of WO2011157228A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011157228A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
    • E04G17/002—Workplatforms, railings; Arrangements for pouring concrete, attached to the form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/161—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, both being partially cast in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/02—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for rooms as a whole by which walls and floors are cast simultaneously, whole storeys, or whole buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/08—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
    • E04G11/10—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring of elements without beams which are mounted during erection of the shuttering to brace or couple the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/38—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings for plane ceilings of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G13/00—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
    • E04G15/02—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for windows, doors, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
    • E04G17/14—Bracing or strutting arrangements for formwalls; Devices for aligning forms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a construction method for a permanent housing of a multi-story residential building and an ordinary residential building in a town and a village.
  • the well-known urban multi-story residential buildings and ordinary low-rise houses in towns and villages mainly adopt the construction method of reinforced concrete frame and block brick and civil structure.
  • the reinforced concrete frame structure is relatively strong and can withstand a certain degree of earthquake impact. However, it can not withstand the test of high-intensity earthquakes.
  • Block bricks and civil structures are even more vulnerable. They are also useful for large-scale casting.
  • their technical performance and construction methods are relatively backward and complicated.
  • the object of the present invention is to construct a strong, safe, energy-saving, environmentally-friendly and beautiful permanent housing construction method to protect people's lives and property from harm when a high-intensity earthquake or other natural disaster strikes. .
  • a construction method for a permanent house characterized in that a house with a special template is used to Reinforced concrete foundation 1, main wall 4, inner wall 16, column 8, ring beam 9, load beam 10, ceiling 13, craft fence 15, parapet wall 20, slope beam 23, 26, slope shed 24 and backbone 25 Cast reinforced concrete is cast in one piece;
  • the main wall 4 is hollow, including an outer wall and an inner wall 5, or an outer two-leaf wall, an outer wall, an outer wall 3 and an inner wall 5,
  • the width of the main wall 4 can be changed by changing the size of the large female corner 56 and the pin 66.
  • the hollow portion 6 can be filled with thermal insulation material or water can be injected, and the roof thermal insulation is adopted.
  • the kit large template mainly comprises a base outer template 35, an outer wall template 58, 68, a window template 75, 76, a door opening template 84, 85, a sandwich template vibrator 91, a window inner template 76, a door inner template 85 and an inner wall.
  • the set large formwork is installed by the automobile type upper swing tower crane 161, and the automobile type upper swing tower crane 161 is adopted.
  • the telescopic arm 162 and the cantilever 187 are mounted on the automobile type upper pylon 161.
  • the cantilever 187 and the balance arm 179 can be horizontally folded and vertically retracted, and then retracted by the telescopic arm 162.
  • On the vehicular upper pylon 161, a rotatably supported monitor 174 is mounted on the slewing support 170, and the pylon 161 is mounted on the vehicular type.
  • the variable amplitude trolley 191 is provided with a wireless monitor downwardly vertically monitoring the hook, and the console is provided at the co-pilot position of the automobile type upper swing tower crane 161.
  • the special set large template base outer template 35 is composed of the platform 35, the waist body 36, and the foot 37 through the steel bracing 45 and the tensioning hand 42 to be inserted and tensioned, and the height can be increased or decreased by the number of the waist 36
  • the base template 38 plug 59 and the female corner 50 and the male corner 51 are formed in the same form.
  • each template is pinned and tightened by the bolt 39 and the tensioning hand 42, and the steel brazing 45 is poured into the foundation.
  • the upper port is locked by the clamping rod 46, and the position of the adjusting hook 48 can be adjusted to adjust the width of the base outer template 35 and the base inner template 38, so that the obtained reinforced concrete foundation 1 is I-shaped and can be Adjust the height and width.
  • the set of large template exterior wall templates 58, 68 The edging on both sides is designed as a vertical inwardly extending beveled surface for easy installation and disassembly, and a steel plate sump is left.
  • a detachable footrest 60 is mounted on the exterior stencil to replace the scaffolding.
  • the pin 39 and the tensioning hand 42 are welded to connect the pin and the tensioning template, and the size of the sun angle 52, the column template 55 and the large female corner 56 are the same as the outer wall formwork 58, 68 and the window formwork 75, 76 and the door opening. Templates 84 and 85 are matched .
  • the set large template window templates 75, 76 and the door opening templates 84, 85 are based on the exterior wall templates 58, 68.
  • the middle is hollowed out according to the predetermined size, and the corresponding parts are designed.
  • the 78, 79, 80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 are respectively assembled by the pin 82, wherein the components 80, 81, 89, 90 can be designed as different process patterns.
  • set large template sandwich template vibrator 91 is a vibrator that can be tensioned and contracted, and can be designed to any size as needed.
  • the installation of the special set large template outer wall template 68, the window inner template 76, the door inner template 85 and the inner wall formwork is to be bolted to the fixing frame 69 by bolts 70 by nuts 71 embedded in the floor plan 2 of the house.
  • the outer wall template 68, the window inner template 76, the door inner template 85 and the inner wall template are connected and bolted to the fixing frame 69 by the tensioning rod 72, and the upper opening of the template is tightened by the tensioning rod 72.
  • the outer wall template 58, the window outer template 75, the door outer template 84, the large female corner 56, the large angle 52 column template 55, the outer wall template 68, and the window template 76 are used by the pin 66 and the sleeve 67.
  • the template 85 is fixed together with the door opening.
  • the special set large template outer wall pylon 103 is composed of a lower frame 103, a ring beam template 104, an auxiliary template 105, a limit bolt 106, a drawing rod 107 and a foldable scaffold 108, and the length is based on the opening, and the ring beam template is used.
  • the width of 104 is the height of the ring beam 9 plus the ceiling 13 plus 5-10 cm, the two ends are the beveled edges of the vertical adduction outer sheets and the steel plate side edges of 5-10 mm are left on the inner side.
  • the special set large formwork load beam mold 115 is a mechanical beam mold which can be stretched by the action of the tensioning rod 121, and is divided into a main beam mold 115 and a pick beam mold 124, and is provided at one end of the main beam mold 115.
  • the beveled joints 116, 119 are convenient for demolding and can be designed as a process flower beam mold.
  • the special set large formwork ceiling formwork 136 is divided into four pieces according to the opening and the depth, and the edge is precisely butt-joined by the oblique cut edge and the steel plate squeezing side sill groove, and is fixed by the plug 39, and can be designed into a process.
  • the flower-shaped template and the provocation template 133 are divided into two pieces, and the obliquely cut edges and the steel plate ginseng side ginseng groove are precisely butt jointed, and can be designed into a process flower form template, and an auxiliary template 131 is installed.
  • the special set large template craft fence template is divided into a craft fence outer template 140 and a craft fence inner template 141, and can be designed into any shape.
  • the special set large template daughter wall template is divided into a daughter wall outside template 147, a daughter wall provocation 148, a daughter wall template 149, Among them, the daughter wall outer template 147 and the daughter wall provocation 148 are assembled by bolts and tensioning, the interface is a beveled edge, and the daughter wall outer template 147 can be designed as a craft flower template.
  • the special set large template sloping formwork 160 is designed as two pieces based on the length of the opening and the slope, and is obliquely cut from the middle longitudinal direction, and is closely butted with the steel plate ginseng nip and the pin 39, and the peripheral pin 39 and
  • the slope beam molds 156, 159 and the slope beam formwork 153 are pinned and can be designed as a process flower template.
  • the reinforced concrete foundation, main wall, inner wall, column, ring beam, load-bearing beam, ceiling, slope beam, backbone beam and slope shed of the house are cast in one piece by reinforced concrete, which is very strong and can be displaced as a whole in the event of a strong earthquake. Or tilt, but will not collapse, greatly improving the earthquake resistance and safety of the house.
  • Greatly improved the comfort of living reduced the energy consumption of heating and cooling to a certain extent, reduced emissions, and made the whole process of the building mechanized, without using any blocks and bricks, no construction waste, and the province Time, labor, high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection.
  • the special set large template is made of steel and steel plate welding. It is mainly divided into basic formwork, wall formwork, pylon, beam formwork, ceiling and fence. It can be designed according to different regions, different cultures and different needs. Different styles, different sizes and craftsmanships are used to build houses of different styles and specifications, and can be reused. The large formwork is carefully crafted, so the wall obtained is smooth and smooth, and can be directly used with colored ash. Or paint painting, saving time, labor and materials.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of a main leaf wall;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main two-leaf wall;
  • Figure 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the house;
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the house;
  • 6 is a steel frame stair;
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of the house
  • Figure 8 is a base template;
  • Figure 9 is an exploded view of Figure 8;
  • Figure 10 is a male corner and pillar template;
  • Figure 11 is an exterior wall formwork;
  • Figure 12 is a connecting frame and tensioning tie;
  • Figure 13 is a window template;
  • Figure 14 is an exploded view of the assembly of Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is an exploded view of the door;
  • Figure 16 is an exploded view of the assembly of Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 17;
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 17;
  • Figure 20 is an external wall pylon;
  • Figure 26 is an auxiliary template
  • Figure 27 is a male angle hanger
  • Figure 28 is a provocation template and legs and jacks
  • Figure 29 is a ceiling template
  • Figure 30 is a process fence formwork
  • Figure 31 is a daughter wall formwork
  • Figure 32 is a flat-top hollow preform
  • Figure 33 is a gable-tip hollow preform
  • Figure 34 is a slope beam formwork and a slope beam form
  • Figure 35 is a slope top formwork
  • Figure 36 is a schematic view of the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 37 is a schematic view of Embodiment 1
  • Figure 39 is a schematic view of Embodiment 2
  • Figure 40 is a schematic view of Embodiment 3
  • 4 schematic diagram
  • 103 exterior wall hanging frame .104 circle beam template.105 auxiliary template.106 limit bolt.107 drawbar.108 foldable scaffolding.109 exterior wall mount.110 ring beam formwork.
  • 111 bevel cut edge joint.112 is the elevation of 111. 113 large bolts. 114 flat angles. 115 beam mold box plates. 116 oblique cut edge joints. 117 is the elevation of 116. 118 beam mold bottom plate. 119 oblique cut edge joints. 120 is 115 leg. 121 tension rods.
  • 122 is Magnified view of 121.123 support.124 pick beam mold.125 interior wall mount.126L beam formwork.127L shape beveled edge joint.128 interior wall mount.129 auxiliary template.130yang angle hanger.131 auxiliary template .132 steel pin 133 provocation template. 134 pumping Pulling legs. 135 electric jacks. 136 ceiling template. 137 oblique cutting edge. 138 steel plate ginseng edge. 139 concave and convex craft carving. 140 craft fence outside template. 141 craft fence inside template. 142 connecting frame. 143 bolts.
  • the present invention uses an ordinary house 0 as an example to further explain the technical solution and the large package of the present invention in further detail.
  • the invention abandons the traditional architectural ideas and concepts, and uses the special, professional, unified, standard, normative, fine and diverse ideas, and adopts a meticulously designed large template through the automobile-type rotary tower crane 161 and the scientific construction method.
  • Spine 25. Use
  • the reinforced concrete is poured into one body, and the main wall 4 is hollow, and is divided into a main wall 4 and an inner leaf wall 5. or a main two-leaf wall, that is, a main wall 4. an outer leaf wall 3.
  • the width of the main wall 4 is changed by changing the size of the large female corner 56 and the pin 66.
  • the main wall 4 is 15 cm wide.
  • the leaf wall 3 and the leaf wall 5 are 6 cm wide, and the hollow portion 6 is 9 cm wide and It can be filled with thermal insulation materials or water injection.
  • the roof insulation is made of flat-top hollow preforms 21 and hollow top preforms 27.29.33.33.32. A skylight can also be reserved for the window hole on the sloping shed 24 of the two slope houses.
  • the foundation outer template 35 is composed of a platform 35. a waist body 36. a foot 37.
  • the steel pin and the tensioning hand 42 are inserted and tensioned, and the length is based on the opening and the depth, and the height can be increased or decreased by the waist 36.
  • the number of blocks is changed, the base inner template 38. the plug 59. and the female corner 50. and the male corner 51 are composed in the same form, and each template is pinned and tightened by the bolt 39 and the tensioning hand 42 during construction,
  • the steel bracing 45 is fixed into the foundation, the upper port is locked by the clamping rod 46, and the position of the upper adjusting pin 48 can be adjusted to adjust the width of the base outer die plate 35 and the base inner die plate 38, thus obtaining the reinforced concrete foundation.
  • the large template includes a basic outer template 35, an outer wall template, a window hole template, a door hole template, a sandwich template vibrator 91, a window inner template 76, a door inner template 85 and an inner wall template, an outer wall hanger 103, and a load bearing beam mold 115. , a ceiling formwork 136, a craft fence formwork, and a sloping formwork 160.
  • the installation of all the templates is realized by the car-type upper swing crane 161, and its key technology is adopted.
  • the telescopic arm 162 is mounted on the car 161 in the form of a cantilever 187.
  • the cantilever 187 is divided into three sections, that is, the cantilever 187 cantilevered the second section 190 cantilevered the third section 196, and the cantilever 187 and the balance arm 179 can be horizontally folded and vertically retracted through the telescopic arm.
  • the 162 is retracted onto the car 161, and a rotatably supported monitor 174 is mounted on the slewing support 170.
  • a wireless monitor is vertically mounted on the variable amplitude trolley 191, so that the operator can complete the lifting and lifting operation without having to climb the top of the tower, and the power is powered.
  • the console is located at the co-pilot position of the car 161, and the car 161 is bolted to the large nut 166 embedded in the reinforced concrete foundation 1 by U-shaped clasp bolts and square steel 164.165 and tensioning rods 167 during construction.
  • the safety and reliability of the slewing tower crane 161 has been foolproof.
  • the wall template is divided into the outer wall template 58.68, the inner wall template and the outer wall template.
  • the width can be adjusted according to the specific situation, the window template 75.76, the door template 84.85, the sandwich template vibrator 91, and the large angle 52 column template 55 And the big yin angle 56; wherein the outer wall formwork 58.68 is 4m high, the width is based on the open space, and the thickness is 80mm.
  • the edging on both sides is designed as a vertical adjoining outer slanting cut surface for easy installation and disassembly, and leaves 5-10mm
  • the steel plate is pressed into the groove, and the special removable small window frame 62 is installed on the inner side of the outer wall formwork 58.68 in the form of bolts and nuts in the middle of the 2.2-2.8 m place 61 to reserve the rear window hole 19 in the construction, at 1.5 m and 3m is installed with a retractable footrest 60 to replace the scaffolding.
  • the two sides of the frame are welded with a pin 39 and a tensioning hand 42 to connect the pin to fix and tighten the template; the window hole template 75.76 and the door hole template 84.85 are on the outer wall.
  • the middle is hollowed out according to the predetermined size, and the corresponding parts 77.78.79.80.81.86.87.88.89.90 are assembled by the pinning pins 82 to facilitate the demoulding, wherein the parts are 80.81.89.90 Can be designed as different process patterns;
  • the sandwich template vibrator 91 is a The vibrator is tensioned and contracted, and can be designed to any size as needed; the size of the large-angle 52-column template 55 and the large female corner 56 is matched with the outer wall formwork 58.68 and the window formwork 75.76 and the door hole formwork 84.85.
  • the edging on both sides is designed as a beveled surface with a vertical inner and outer extension, and a steel plate with a 5-10 mm wide embossed edge is left.
  • the prefabricated steel mesh and column steel are first welded to the steel head reserved on the reinforced concrete foundation 1, and then the outer wall template is installed. 68.
  • the door hole template 85 and the interior wall template The fixing frame 69 is bolted by the bolt 70 by the nut 71 embedded in the floor 2 of the house, and the template of the outer wall 68.
  • the template in the window hole 76 is connected with the inner wall template by the tensioning rod 72.
  • the fixing frame 69 is fixed to the fixing frame 69, and the upper opening of the template is tightened and fixed by the tensioning rod 72, and then the outer wall template 58 is used by the pin 66 sleeve 67.
  • the window outer template 75. the door outer template 84 and the large female corner 56 The large angle 52 column template 55 and the outer wall template 68 window inner template 76 door hole inner template 85 pinned together, and then the sandwich template vibrator 91 is hoisted into the outer wall template 58.68 window template 75.76 door hole template 84.85, with The special circlip is clamped to make it vibrate but not movable.
  • the height of the concrete pouring can be adjusted to the required height by special-purpose auxiliary parts.
  • the sandwich template vibrator 91 can be contracted to hang out. The vibration can be shaken by a supporting vibrator or a shock bar Real shock.
  • the pylon is divided into an outer wall pylon 103. and an outer wall pylon 109. an inner wall pylon 125.128 and a male pylon 130. and a flat angle 114. an auxiliary template 105.129; wherein the outer wall pylon 103 is provided by the lower frame 103
  • the ring beam template 104 auxiliary template 105 limit bolt 106 drawbar 107 is formed by a foldable scaffold 108. The length is based on the opening.
  • the width of the ring beam template 104 is the height of the ring beam 9 plus the ceiling 13 plus 5-10 cm, and the two ends are vertical.
  • the outer edge of the beveled edge is left and the steel plate with a 5-10 mm side is placed on the inner side.
  • the height is adjusted by the limit bolt 106 and the drawing rod 107 within a range of 50 cm; the specification of the outer wall inner hanger 109 and the outer frame 103 is the same, the ring beam template 110 is provided with a beveled edge joint 111; the length of the inner wall hanger 125.128 can be specifically set according to the length of the depth, the ring beam template 126 is L-shaped and can be designed as a craft flower shape, and one end is provided with L The beveled edge joint 127 is arranged to facilitate demolding; the structure of the male corner hanger 130 is the same as that of the outer wall hanger 103; the height of the flat angle 114 is the same as the ring beam template 104.
  • the width is the same as the vertical column template 55.
  • the edges on both sides are vertical and outward.
  • the oblique cut edge is left and the steel plate with the protrusion of 5-10 mm is left; the upper edge of the auxiliary template 129 is set as a beveled edge, and the head is inclined
  • the trimming joint is used for mounting on the outer wall inner hanger 109. It is used when installing the slope pattern template 160 of the two slope houses.
  • the load-bearing beam mold 115 is a mechanical beam mold which can be stretched by the action of the tensioning rod 121, and is divided into a main beam mold 115 and a pick beam mold 124, and a bevel joint 116 and 119 are provided at one end of the main beam mold. In order to remove the mold, and can be designed as a process flower beam mold.
  • the length and width of the ceiling formwork 136 are divided into four pieces according to the opening and depth.
  • the edge is precisely butt-joined with the oblique cutting edge and the steel plate ginseng side pressure groove, pinned with the bolt 39, and can be designed into a craft flower formwork;
  • the template 133 is divided into two pieces, which are precisely butt-joined with the oblique cutting edge and the steel plate squeezing side ginseng groove, and are fixed by the bolt 39, and can be designed into a process flower template, and the auxiliary template 131 is installed.
  • Load-bearing beam mold 115 ceiling formwork 136 The pick-up formwork 133 is topped by the pull-out leg 134 and the electric jack 135 during construction.
  • the process fence template is divided into an outer template 140 and an inner template 141, and can be designed into any shape.
  • the pin 144 and the sleeve 145 are pinned during construction, and are fixed to the provocation template by bolts and nuts in the form of bolts and nuts 142.
  • a special vibrator 146 is used to assist the construction.
  • Daughter wall template 147 is divided into daughter wall outside template 147.
  • the daughter wall outer template 147 and the daughter wall provocation 148 are assembled by bolts and tensioning, the interface is a beveled edge, and the daughter wall outer template 147 can be designed as a craft flower template.
  • the pin 144 and the sleeve 145 are used for pinning, and the connecting rod 150 is bolted to the outer wall pylon 103 in the form of a bolt and nut, and the special vibrator 151 is used to assist the construction.
  • Steel frame stair 34 is designed as a steel frame with wooden pedals assembled with bolts and nuts, and bolted to the wall of the stairwell with large bolts.
  • the triangular gable edge on the side of the hillside of the two slopes is designed as a hollow preform 22; the slope beam formwork 152 and 153 are pinned to the hollow preform 22 by a pin 66 sleeve 67 and bolted down to the pin 39.
  • the ring beam templates 104 and 110 wherein the width of the slope beam template 152 is 12 cm wider than 153, which is the thickness of the slope beam plus the ceiling plus 5 cm; the slope beam mold 156 and the backbone mold 159 are also stretchable by the tensioning rod 121.
  • the mechanical beam mold has a beveled edge joint for easy demoulding, and can be designed as a process flower-opening template.
  • the slope beam mold 156 and the triangular joint 157 are connected and pinned down to the lower load-bearing beam mold 115 by the bolt 39. Or on the interior wall hanger 125.128.
  • the sloping formwork 160 is designed as two pieces based on the length of the opening and the slope, and is obliquely cut from the middle longitudinal direction, and is tightly abutted by the steel plate ginseng ginseng groove and the pin 39, and the peripheral pin 39 and the slope beam die 156.159
  • the slope beam formwork 153 is pinned and can be designed as a craft flower formwork. During construction, the ejector pin 134. The electric jack 135 is used.
  • the hollow prefabricated members 27.23.33.33.32.33 are placed in order, and the ash is placed tightly at the interface to make it solidify with the sloping shed 24; 13
  • the upper part of the hollow is placed on the hollow prefabricated part 21, the interface is covered with ash; the upper surface of the hollow prefabricated piece 27.29.30.33.32 is designed as a wave shape, and the surface is covered with colored plain ash.
  • the specifications can be set according to the needs; On the shed 24, a window can be reserved for the skylight.
  • the excavator is used to excavate the foundation ditch, and the bottom of the foundation ditch is leveled with triad soil, and the foundation template is 35. 38. 49. 50. 51 assembled and placed on the triad foundation, the steel brazing 45 ⁇ is embedded in the foundation, the reinforced cage is placed in the basic formwork 35 and 38, and the basic template 35 is clamped by the dead rod 46. 38 card death, and then the concrete pump truck is used to inject concrete with the shock rod to compact and level, and the special large nut 166 is pre-buried in the appropriate position to obtain the reinforced concrete foundation 1, and the steel head is reserved above the reinforced concrete foundation 1. In order to weld the steel in the upper wall, then remove the template 35.38.49.50.51.
  • the second step is to backfill the soil on the foundation and tamping it with concrete.
  • the concrete pump is used to build the concrete and the concrete is leveled.
  • the special nut 71 is pre-buried in the concrete to obtain the floor 2 of the house.
  • the third step is to connect the automobile type upper swing crane 161 with U-bolt and square steel 164.165 and tensioning rod 167 to the special large nut 166 embedded in the reinforced concrete foundation 1 and erect the joint.
  • 69 is fixed to the special nut 71 pre-buried in the floor 2 of the house by bolts 70, and the wall reinforcement and the column reinforcement are welded to the steel head reserved on the reinforced concrete foundation 1, and then the outer slewing crane 161 is used.
  • Window template 76 The door cavity template 85 and the inner wall formwork and the large female corner 56 and the column formwork 55 are hoisted in a row, and are connected and fixed to the connecting frame 69 by the tensioning tie rod 72, and then the outer wall outer formwork 58.
  • the outer window template 75 The outer door template 84 and the large angle 52 and the column template 55 are lifted in the second time, and the inner wall template is installed by the pin 66 and the sleeve 67.
  • the template in the window hole is 76. 85 and the large female corner 56 and the column template 55, the sandwich template vibrator 91 is hoisted and placed in the middle of the outer wall formwork 58.68.
  • the concrete is compacted and leveled, and assisted by auxiliary tools.
  • the sandwich template vibrator 91 vibrates, it can be connected by a soft shaft.
  • the motor can also be directly mounted on the sandwich template vibrator 91.
  • the sandwich template vibrator 91 When the mold is removed, the sandwich template vibrator 91 is shrunk. It can be hoisted. When the inner wall is 16.18 vibrating, it can be shocked by the attached vibrator or shocked by the shock bar. When demolishing the mold, the mold is removed according to the order of installation.
  • the main wall is 4. The wall 5. The column 8. And interior walls 16 and 18.
  • Step 4 The external wall mount 103 and the outer wall
  • the hanger 109 and the inner wall hangers 125 and 128 are respectively bolted to the through-wall holes left by the upper end of the outer wall 4 and the inner wall 18 by bolts 113, and then the beam mold 115 is lifted by the beam mold 124 and the ceiling formwork 136 and
  • the provocation template 133 is slinged with the pin 39 and secured by the legs 134 and the electric jack 135.
  • the process fence outer template 140 is then fixed to the provocation template 133 by the connecting frame 142, and the pin 144 and the sleeve are used.
  • the process fence inner template 141 and the craft fence outer template 140 are pinned together, and then the upper opening of the hollow portion 6 of the main wall 4 is covered with a special cement prefabricated panel, the outer wall hanger 103.109 and the inner wall hanger 125.128 And a steel cage is placed in the middle of the beam mold 115, and a steel mesh is cast on the ceiling template 136, and the concrete pump is poured into the concrete to smooth the concrete, and the special nut 71 is pre-buried in an appropriate position and pre-positioned in place.
  • the vibrator 146 simulates the upper jaw of the process fence and demolishes the mold, and obtains the ring beam 9. the load-bearing beam 10. and the ceiling 13. the provocation 14. and the process fence 15, and the steel head is reserved above the ring beam 9 so as to
  • the upper wall is welded and the steel frame stair 34 is bolted to the wall of the stairwell with large bolts.
  • the fifth step is the same as the third step, that is, the second layer of the house 0.
  • the inner wall 18 are the same as the first layer wall construction method and procedure.
  • the sixth step is the same as the fourth step, that is, the second layer of the house 0.
  • the construction method and procedure of the ring beam 9 bearing beam 10 roof 13 provocation 14 and the process fence 15 are the same as the first layer construction method and procedure.
  • Step 7 After the process of the sixth step is completed, the assembled daughter wall template 147.148 is connected and fixed on the outer wall hanger 103 by the connecting rod 150. On the ring beam template 104, the daughter wall template 149 is then pinned by the pin 144 and the sleeve 145 and the parapetal template 147, and the matching yin and yang angles are installed, concrete is poured and compacted, and the upper sill is specially made. The vibrator 151 is compacted and demolished to obtain the parapet 20. After all the stencils are removed, the hollow preform 21 is placed on the ceiling 13 and the hollow ash is tightly connected at the interface.
  • the eighth step is the same as the third step.
  • the wall construction method and procedure of the third floor of the house 0 are the same as the wall construction method and procedure of the first floor and the second floor.
  • Step IX Attach the 103.109 hoisting pin to the wall hole left in the outer wall of the third floor of the house 0, install the auxiliary template 129 on the outer wall cradle 109, and install the auxiliary template 105 to The inner wall is hung and added to the 125.128 and the hoisting bolt is inserted into the wall hole left at the upper end of the inner wall 18.
  • the picking mold 124 is hoisted by the template 133.
  • the connecting rod of the outer wall pylon 103 is fixed together, and the leg 134 is used.
  • the top of the jack 135 is firm, and the welded steel cage is placed in the middle of the outer wall hanger 103.109 beam mold 115 and the inner wall hanger 125.128.
  • the steel mesh is laid on the provocation template 133, and then the concrete is pumped.
  • Flat the prefabricated member 22 is lifted and placed on the ring beam 9 at the end of the mountain wall, and the slope beam template 152.153 is pinned by the pin 66 sleeve 67 and lifted and placed on the preform 22, and the auxiliary template 154 and the slope beam are
  • the template 152 is pinned together, and the slope beam template 152.153 is respectively latched down to the outer wall hanger 103.109 by the bolt 39, and the slope beam mold 156 and the triangular joint 157 are pinned together by the bolt 39, and then the bolt 39 is respectively used.
  • the hollow prefabricated piece 27.29.33.33.32 is hoisted in the second place, and the ash is placed on the butt joint of the preform and placed closely to be solidified together with the sloping shed 24, and the ridge prefabricated piece 33 is placed in the middle of the ridge.
  • Step 10 After demoulding, use a special polishing machine to polish the main wall 4.
  • the remaining edges of the leaf wall 5 and the ceiling 13 and the sloping 24 are painted with colored plain ash or paint.
  • the construction method of the invention is applied to ordinary single-storey houses and multi-storey residential buildings at the same time.
  • the construction method of the invention is applied to common single-storey houses and multi-storey residential buildings at the same time, and has industrial applicability.

Abstract

A method for constructing a permanent dwelling comprises casting reinforced concrete in situ to monolithically produce a base (1), a main wall (4), an internal wall (16), a post (8), a ring beam (9), a load-bearing beam (10), a ceiling (13), an art guardrail (15), a parapet wall (20), a slope beam (23, 26), a slope ceiling (24) and a ridge beam (25) of a house (0) by a complete formwork. The main wall (4), whose width can be adjusted by changing different inside-corner molds and through pins, is hollow and includes one external wall and one internal wall or one external wall and two internal walls, and a hollow part (6) can be filled with heat-preserving and insulating materials or injected with water. A roof adopts hollow prefabricated components (21) for heat preservation and insulation. The wall is directly finished with color mortar or paint. The method realizes mechanization during the whole construction process without use of any bricks and tiles.

Description

一种永久性住房的建筑方法Construction method of permanent housing 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及建筑领域，用于城镇和乡村多层居民楼房及普通民房的一种永久性住房的建筑方法。  The invention relates to a construction method for a permanent housing of a multi-story residential building and an ordinary residential building in a town and a village.
背景技术Background technique
目前公知的城市多层居民楼房和乡镇及农村的普通低层房屋主要采用的是钢筋混凝土框架和砌块砖混及土木结构的建筑方法,其中钢筋混凝土框架结构较为坚固,能够经受一定程度的地震冲击,但也经不起高强度地震的考验,砌块砖混及土木结构更是不堪一击,也有用大模板全现浇的,但其技术性能和施工方法也比较落后和复杂,通过以往国内外一些不同程度的地震及其它自然灾害证明,现有传统的建筑方法所建的绝大多数居民房在高强度的地震及其它自然灾害中都不能保证高度的坚固性和安全性,给人们的生命财产造成重大 损失, 并且建筑工续复杂费工费时,不节能,特别是在乡镇和农村的建筑过程中,技术和方法都比较随意和落后,质量更是没有保证,并且建筑垃圾污染环境。 At present, the well-known urban multi-story residential buildings and ordinary low-rise houses in towns and villages mainly adopt the construction method of reinforced concrete frame and block brick and civil structure. The reinforced concrete frame structure is relatively strong and can withstand a certain degree of earthquake impact. However, it can not withstand the test of high-intensity earthquakes. Block bricks and civil structures are even more vulnerable. They are also useful for large-scale casting. However, their technical performance and construction methods are relatively backward and complicated. Some different degrees of earthquakes and other natural disasters prove that the vast majority of residential buildings built by existing traditional construction methods cannot guarantee a high degree of robustness and safety in high-intensity earthquakes and other natural disasters. Life and property cause significant Losses, and construction costs are complicated, and energy is not saved. Especially in the construction process of townships and rural areas, the techniques and methods are relatively random and backward, the quality is not guaranteed, and construction waste pollutes the environment.
技术问题technical problem
本发明的目的是为人们建造一种坚固、安全、节能、环保、美观的永久性住房的建筑方法,在高强度的地震或其它自然灾害来袭时,使人们的生命和财产安全免遭伤害。 The object of the present invention is to construct a strong, safe, energy-saving, environmentally-friendly and beautiful permanent housing construction method to protect people's lives and property from harm when a high-intensity earthquake or other natural disaster strikes. .
技术解决方案Technical solution
一种永久性住房的建筑方法,其特征在于:用特制的套装大模板将房屋0的 钢筋砼基础1、主墙4、内墙16、立柱8、圈梁9、承重梁10、顶棚13、工艺围栏15、女儿墙20、坡梁23、26、坡棚24和脊梁25 用钢筋混凝土现浇成一体；主墙4是中空的,包括一外墙和一内叶墙5,或一外两叶墙，外墙、外叶墙3和内叶墙5, 并可以通过更换大阴角56的大小和穿销66来改变主墙4的宽度, 中空的部分6可以装填保温隔热材料,也可以注水,屋顶保温隔热采用 平顶空心预制件21和坡顶空心预制件27、29、30、31、32, 墙壁可以直接用彩色素灰或涂料粉刷； 所述的套装大模板主要包括基础外模板35、外墙模板58、68、窗洞模板75、76、门洞模板84、85、夹心模板震动器91、窗洞内模板76、门洞内模板85和内墙模板、外墙挂架103、承重梁模115、顶棚模板136、工艺围栏模板和坡棚模板160 。 A construction method for a permanent house, characterized in that a house with a special template is used to Reinforced concrete foundation 1, main wall 4, inner wall 16, column 8, ring beam 9, load beam 10, ceiling 13, craft fence 15, parapet wall 20, slope beam 23, 26, slope shed 24 and backbone 25 Cast reinforced concrete is cast in one piece; the main wall 4 is hollow, including an outer wall and an inner wall 5, or an outer two-leaf wall, an outer wall, an outer wall 3 and an inner wall 5, The width of the main wall 4 can be changed by changing the size of the large female corner 56 and the pin 66. The hollow portion 6 can be filled with thermal insulation material or water can be injected, and the roof thermal insulation is adopted. Flat top hollow preform 21 and slope top hollow preforms 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, the wall can be directly painted with colored plain ash or paint; The kit large template mainly comprises a base outer template 35, an outer wall template 58, 68, a window template 75, 76, a door opening template 84, 85, a sandwich template vibrator 91, a window inner template 76, a door inner template 85 and an inner wall. Formwork, exterior wall pylon 103, load-bearing beam mold 115, ceiling formwork 136, craft fence formwork and sloping formwork 160 .
进一步，所述的 套装大模板通过汽车式上回转塔吊161安装，汽车式上回转塔吊161采用了 以伸缩臂162、加悬臂187的形式安装在 汽车式上回转塔吊161 上,悬臂187和平衡臂179可以水平折叠垂直收放,再通过伸缩臂162收放到 汽车式上回转塔吊161 上,在回转支撑170上边安装有可旋转俯仰的监视器174, 在 汽车式上回转塔吊161的 变幅小车191上安装有无线监视器向下垂直监控吊钩, 操控台设在汽车式上回转塔吊161的副驾驶位置。 Further, the set large formwork is installed by the automobile type upper swing tower crane 161, and the automobile type upper swing tower crane 161 is adopted. The telescopic arm 162 and the cantilever 187 are mounted on the automobile type upper pylon 161. The cantilever 187 and the balance arm 179 can be horizontally folded and vertically retracted, and then retracted by the telescopic arm 162. On the vehicular upper pylon 161, a rotatably supported monitor 174 is mounted on the slewing support 170, and the pylon 161 is mounted on the vehicular type. The variable amplitude trolley 191 is provided with a wireless monitor downwardly vertically monitoring the hook, and the console is provided at the co-pilot position of the automobile type upper swing tower crane 161.
进一步，特制的套装大模板基础外模板35由承台35、腰身36、地脚37通过钢钎45和拉紧搬手42插装并拉紧组成,高度可以通过增减腰身36的块数来改变,基础内模板38堵头59和阴角50及阳角51以同样的形式组成,在施工时各模板通过插销39和拉紧搬手42销固并拉紧,将钢钎45夯入地基中固定,上口用卡紧拉杆46卡死,并可以调整其上调节卡销48的位置来调整基础外模板35和基础内模板38的宽度,这样得到的钢筋砼基础1为工字形并可以调整高度和宽度。 Further, the special set large template base outer template 35 is composed of the platform 35, the waist body 36, and the foot 37 through the steel bracing 45 and the tensioning hand 42 to be inserted and tensioned, and the height can be increased or decreased by the number of the waist 36 The base template 38 plug 59 and the female corner 50 and the male corner 51 are formed in the same form. During the construction, each template is pinned and tightened by the bolt 39 and the tensioning hand 42, and the steel brazing 45 is poured into the foundation. In the middle fixing, the upper port is locked by the clamping rod 46, and the position of the adjusting hook 48 can be adjusted to adjust the width of the base outer template 35 and the base inner template 38, so that the obtained reinforced concrete foundation 1 is I-shaped and can be Adjust the height and width.
进一步，所述的套装大模板外墙模板58、68 ， 两侧的边沿设计为垂直内收外张的斜切面,便于安装和拆卸,并留有钢板参压槽,在外墙模板上安装有可收放的脚踏板60以取代脚手架,两侧边框上焊有插销39和拉紧搬手42以连接销固和拉紧模板,大阳角52、立柱模板55和大阴角56的尺寸是与外墙模板58、68及窗洞模板75、76和门洞模板84、85相配套的 。 Further, the set of large template exterior wall templates 58, 68, The edging on both sides is designed as a vertical inwardly extending beveled surface for easy installation and disassembly, and a steel plate sump is left. A detachable footrest 60 is mounted on the exterior stencil to replace the scaffolding. The pin 39 and the tensioning hand 42 are welded to connect the pin and the tensioning template, and the size of the sun angle 52, the column template 55 and the large female corner 56 are the same as the outer wall formwork 58, 68 and the window formwork 75, 76 and the door opening. Templates 84 and 85 are matched .
进一步，所述的套装大模板窗洞模板75、76和门洞模板84、85是在外墙模板58、68的基础上将 中间按照预定尺寸挖空,并设计与其相对应的零部件 77 、78、79、80、81、86、87、88、89、90用穿销82分别穿销组装,其中零部件80、81、89、90、可以设计为不同的工艺花型。 Further, the set large template window templates 75, 76 and the door opening templates 84, 85 are based on the exterior wall templates 58, 68. The middle is hollowed out according to the predetermined size, and the corresponding parts are designed. 77 The 78, 79, 80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 are respectively assembled by the pin 82, wherein the components 80, 81, 89, 90 can be designed as different process patterns.
进一步，所述的套装大模板夹心模板震动器91是一个可以张紧和收缩的震动器,并可以根据需要设计成任意尺寸。 Further, the set large template sandwich template vibrator 91 is a vibrator that can be tensioned and contracted, and can be designed to any size as needed.
进一步，特制的套装大模板外墙内模板68、窗洞内模板76、门洞内模板85和内墙模板的安装,是通过预埋在房屋地平面2中的螺母71将固定架69用螺栓70栓固,用张紧拉杆72将外墙内模板68、窗洞内模板76、门洞内模板85和内墙模板连接并栓固到固定架69上,并用张紧拉杆72将模板的上口拉紧固定,再用穿销66、套管67将外墙外模板58、窗洞外模板75、门洞外模板84、大阴角56、大阳角52立柱模板55、外墙内模板68、窗洞内模板76和门洞内模板85销固到一起。 Further, the installation of the special set large template outer wall template 68, the window inner template 76, the door inner template 85 and the inner wall formwork is to be bolted to the fixing frame 69 by bolts 70 by nuts 71 embedded in the floor plan 2 of the house. Solidally, the outer wall template 68, the window inner template 76, the door inner template 85 and the inner wall template are connected and bolted to the fixing frame 69 by the tensioning rod 72, and the upper opening of the template is tightened by the tensioning rod 72. Then, the outer wall template 58, the window outer template 75, the door outer template 84, the large female corner 56, the large angle 52 column template 55, the outer wall template 68, and the window template 76 are used by the pin 66 and the sleeve 67. The template 85 is fixed together with the door opening.
进一步，特制的套装大模板外墙挂架103由下框架103、圈梁模板104、辅助模板105、限位螺栓106、抽拉杆107和可折叠脚手架108组成,长度以开间为基准,圈梁模板104的宽度是圈梁9加顶棚13的高度加5-10公分,两头为垂直内收外张的斜切边并在内侧留有5-10毫米的钢板参压边。 Further, the special set large template outer wall pylon 103 is composed of a lower frame 103, a ring beam template 104, an auxiliary template 105, a limit bolt 106, a drawing rod 107 and a foldable scaffold 108, and the length is based on the opening, and the ring beam template is used. The width of 104 is the height of the ring beam 9 plus the ceiling 13 plus 5-10 cm, the two ends are the beveled edges of the vertical adduction outer sheets and the steel plate side edges of 5-10 mm are left on the inner side.
进一步，特制的套装大模板承重梁模115是一个通过张紧拉杆121的作用可张合的机械式梁模,分为主梁模115和挑梁模124,在主梁模115的一头设有斜边接头116、119以便于拆模,并可设计成工艺花形梁模。 Further, the special set large formwork load beam mold 115 is a mechanical beam mold which can be stretched by the action of the tensioning rod 121, and is divided into a main beam mold 115 and a pick beam mold 124, and is provided at one end of the main beam mold 115. The beveled joints 116, 119 are convenient for demolding and can be designed as a process flower beam mold.
进一步，特制的套装大模板顶棚模板136长宽以开间和进深为基准分为四块,边沿以斜切边和钢板参压边参压槽精密对接,用插销39销固,并可设计成工艺花形模板,挑檐模板133分为两块,以斜切边和钢板参压边参压槽精密对接,并可设计成工艺花形模板,并有辅助模板131配套安装。 Further, the special set large formwork ceiling formwork 136 is divided into four pieces according to the opening and the depth, and the edge is precisely butt-joined by the oblique cut edge and the steel plate squeezing side sill groove, and is fixed by the plug 39, and can be designed into a process. The flower-shaped template and the provocation template 133 are divided into two pieces, and the obliquely cut edges and the steel plate ginseng side ginseng groove are precisely butt jointed, and can be designed into a process flower form template, and an auxiliary template 131 is installed.
进一步，特制的套装大模板工艺围栏模板分为工艺围栏外模板140和工艺围栏内模板141,并可设计成任意造型 。 Further, the special set large template craft fence template is divided into a craft fence outer template 140 and a craft fence inner template 141, and can be designed into any shape.
进一步，特制的套装大模板女儿墙模板分为 女儿墙外模板147、女儿墙挑檐148、女儿墙内模板149、 其中女儿墙外模板147和女儿墙挑檐148以插销和拉紧搬手组装而成,接口为斜切边,女儿墙外模板147可以设计成工艺花形模板 。 Further, the special set large template daughter wall template is divided into a daughter wall outside template 147, a daughter wall provocation 148, a daughter wall template 149, Among them, the daughter wall outer template 147 and the daughter wall provocation 148 are assembled by bolts and tensioning, the interface is a beveled edge, and the daughter wall outer template 147 can be designed as a craft flower template.
进一步，特制的套装大模板坡棚模板160以开间和斜坡的长度为基准设计为两块,从中间纵向斜切,并以钢板参压边参压槽和插销39紧密对接,周边用插销39和坡梁模156、159及坡梁模板153销固,并可以设计成工艺花形模板。 Further, the special set large template sloping formwork 160 is designed as two pieces based on the length of the opening and the slope, and is obliquely cut from the middle longitudinal direction, and is closely butted with the steel plate ginseng nip and the pin 39, and the peripheral pin 39 and The slope beam molds 156, 159 and the slope beam formwork 153 are pinned and can be designed as a process flower template.
有益效果Beneficial effect
使建筑全过程实现了机械化, 由于房屋的钢筋砼基础和主墙、立柱、圈梁、承重梁、顶棚、工艺围栏、女儿墙、坡梁、坡棚、脊梁、用钢筋混凝土现浇成一体,且主墙是中空的,屋顶采用预制空心构件保温隔热,墙壁用彩色素灰粉刷,做到了省时、省工、高效、节能、环保、坚固、安全、美观。 Mechanized the whole process of the building, Due to the reinforced concrete foundation of the house and the main wall, column, ring beam, load-bearing beam, roof, craft fence, parapet wall, slope beam, slope shed, backbone, cast-in-place with reinforced concrete, and the main wall is hollow, the roof The prefabricated hollow member is used for thermal insulation, and the wall is painted with colored ash, which saves time, labor, high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, firmness, safety and beauty.
房屋的钢筋砼基础、主墙、内墙、立柱、圈梁、承重梁、顶棚、坡梁、脊梁、坡棚是由钢筋混凝土现浇成一体,非常坚固,在发生强烈地震时,可以整体位移或者倾斜,但是不会倒塌,大大提高了房屋的抗震性和安全性, 为人们的生命和财产安全提供了保证,由于主墙是中空的,且房顶采用了预制空心构件保温隔热, 大大提高了居住的舒适性,在一定程度上降低了采暖降温的能耗减少了排放,并且使建筑全过程实现了机械化,不使用任何的砌块和砖瓦,不产生建筑垃圾,做到了省时、省工、高效、节能、环保。 The reinforced concrete foundation, main wall, inner wall, column, ring beam, load-bearing beam, ceiling, slope beam, backbone beam and slope shed of the house are cast in one piece by reinforced concrete, which is very strong and can be displaced as a whole in the event of a strong earthquake. Or tilt, but will not collapse, greatly improving the earthquake resistance and safety of the house. Providing a guarantee for the safety of people's lives and property, because the main wall is hollow, and the roof is insulated with prefabricated hollow members. Greatly improved the comfort of living, reduced the energy consumption of heating and cooling to a certain extent, reduced emissions, and made the whole process of the building mechanized, without using any blocks and bricks, no construction waste, and the province Time, labor, high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection.
特制的套装大模板采用型钢和钢板焊接制造,主要分为基础模板、墙壁模板、挂架、梁模、顶棚及围栏几大部分,并可以根据不同的地域、不同的文化、不同的需要设计成不同的样式、不同的大小和工艺造型，来为人们建造不同款式、不同规格的房屋,并可重复使用,大模板通过精心制作非常精密,所以得到的墙体平整光滑,可以直接用彩色素灰或涂料粉刷,省时省工省料美观。 The special set large template is made of steel and steel plate welding. It is mainly divided into basic formwork, wall formwork, pylon, beam formwork, ceiling and fence. It can be designed according to different regions, different cultures and different needs. Different styles, different sizes and craftsmanships are used to build houses of different styles and specifications, and can be reused. The large formwork is carefully crafted, so the wall obtained is smooth and smooth, and can be directly used with colored ash. Or paint painting, saving time, labor and materials.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1是本发明的主视图；图2是一主一叶墙的剖视图；图3是一主两叶墙的剖视图；图4是房屋横向剖切图；图5是房屋纵向剖切图；图6是钢架楼梯； 图7是房屋平面剖切图 ；图8是基础模板；图9是图8的分解图；图10是阳角阴角和立柱模板；图11是外墙模板；图12是连接架和张紧拉杆；图13是窗洞模板；图14是图13的零件分解图；图15是门洞模板；图16是图15的零件分解图；图17是夹心模板震动器；图18是图17的横剖图；图19是图17不完整的纵剖图；图20是外墙外挂架；图21是外墙内挂架；图22是平角；图23是承重梁模；图24是内墙挂架；图25是图24的侧面示意图;图26是辅助模板; 图27是阳角挂架;图28是挑檐模板及支腿和千斤顶;图29是顶棚模板 图30是工艺围栏模板;图31是女儿墙模板;图32是平顶空心预制件;图33是山墙尖空心预制件; 图34是坡梁模板和坡梁模;图35是坡顶模板 图36是坡顶空心预制件;图37是汽车式上回转塔吊;图38是实施例1的示意图;图39是实施例2的示意图;图40是实施例3的示意图;图41是实施例4的示意图。 Figure 1 is a front view of a main leaf wall; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main two-leaf wall; Figure 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the house; Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the house; 6 is a steel frame stair; Figure 7 is a plan view of the house Figure 8 is a base template; Figure 9 is an exploded view of Figure 8; Figure 10 is a male corner and pillar template; Figure 11 is an exterior wall formwork; Figure 12 is a connecting frame and tensioning tie; Figure 13 is a window template; Figure 14 is an exploded view of the assembly of Figure 13; Figure 15 is an exploded view of the door; Figure 16 is an exploded view of the assembly of Figure 15; Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 17; Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 17; Figure 20 is an external wall pylon; Figure 21 is an external wall pylon; Figure 22 is a flat angle; Figure 23 is a load-bearing beam die; Figure 24 is an interior wall pylon; Figure 25 is the side of Figure 24. Schematic; Figure 26 is an auxiliary template; Figure 27 is a male angle hanger; Figure 28 is a provocation template and legs and jacks; Figure 29 is a ceiling template Figure 30 is a process fence formwork; Figure 31 is a daughter wall formwork; Figure 32 is a flat-top hollow preform; Figure 33 is a gable-tip hollow preform; Figure 34 is a slope beam formwork and a slope beam form; Figure 35 is a slope top formwork; Figure 36 is a schematic view of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 37 is a schematic view of Embodiment 1; Figure 39 is a schematic view of Embodiment 2; Figure 40 is a schematic view of Embodiment 3; 4 schematic diagram.
图中:0房屋.1钢筋砼基础.2房屋地面.3外叶墙.4主墙.5内叶墙.6中空部分.7主墙与叶墙的连接臂.8立柱.9圈梁.10承重梁.11窗洞.12门洞.13顶棚.14挑檐.15工艺围栏.16内墙.17内墙门洞.18内墙.19后窗洞.20女儿墙.21平顶空心预制件.22山墙尖空心预制件.23外坡梁.24坡棚.25脊梁.26内坡梁.27.29.30.31.32坡顶空心预制件.28是27的剖切孔.33屋脊预制件.34钢架楼梯.35基础外模板.36腰身.37地脚.38基础内模板.39插销.40是39的全图.41插销孔.42拉紧搬手.43是42的放大图.44挂钩.45钢钎.46卡死拉杆.47卡销.48调节卡销.49堵头.50阴角.51阳角.52大阳角.53卡刀.54是53的放大图.55立柱模板.56大阴角.57是56的横截面.58外墙外模板.59垂直内收外张斜切面.60可收放脚踏板.61是62的固定架.62可拆装的小窗框.63橡胶垫.64小螺栓.65穿销孔.66穿销.67套管.68外墙内模板.69固定架.70螺栓.71螺母.72张紧拉杆.73活动直接头.74活动U形接头.75窗洞外模板.76窗洞内模板.77窗洞则模板.78窗洞顶模板.79直角斜切边接头.80工艺上边框.81工艺则边框.82穿销.83窗台预制件.84门洞外模板.85门洞内模板.86门洞则模板.87门洞顶模板.88直角斜切边接头.89工艺上边框.90工艺则边框.91夹心模板震动器.92钢板.93梯形张紧滑块.94梯形滑框.95张紧轴.96链条.97滚柱.98连接钢板.99偏心轴.100抽拉销.101是100的则视图.102限位抽拉销.103外墙外挂架.104圈梁模板.105辅助模板.106限位螺栓.107抽拉杆.108可折叠脚手架.109外墙内挂架.110圈梁模板.111斜切边接头.112是111的立面图.113大螺栓.114平角.115梁模箱板.116斜切边接头.117是116的立面图.118梁模底板.119斜切边接头.120是115的立腿.121张紧拉杆.122是121的放大图.123支撑.124挑梁模.125内墙挂架.126L形梁模板.127L形斜切边接头.128内墙挂架.129辅助模板.130阳角挂架.131辅助模板.132钢销133挑檐模板.134抽拉支腿.135电动千斤顶.136顶棚模板.137斜切边.138钢板参压边.139凹凸工艺雕花.140工艺围栏外模板.141工艺围栏内模板.142连接架.143螺栓.144穿销.145套管.146特制震动器.147女儿墙外模板.148女儿墙挑檐.149女儿墙内模板.150连接杆.151特制震动器.152坡梁外模板.153坡梁内模板.154辅助件.155辅助模板.156坡梁模.157三角形接头.158支腿.159脊梁模.160坡棚模板.161汽车式上回转塔吊.162伸缩臂.163液压支腿.164抽拉方钢.165方钢.166特制大螺栓.167张紧拉杆.168塔尖.169是168的放大图.170回转支撑.171大穿销.172限位开关.173行星椎盘无极变速机.174监视器.175回转限制器.176电动推杆.177滑轮.178同轴并列滑轮.179平衡臂.180同轴并列卷扬机.181滑车.182平衡重.183是182的放大俯视图.184起重卷扬机.185蜗轮蜗杆千斤顶.186丝杠.187悬臂.188变幅钢丝绳.189变幅卷扬机.190悬臂第二节.191变幅小车.192特制大合叶.193是192的放大图.194电动推杆.195是188的导向滑轮.196悬臂第三节.197变幅定滑轮.198是187的收放钢丝绳.199是179的收放钢丝绳.200起重钢丝绳.201是190的斜拉钢丝绳.202是196的斜拉钢丝绳。 In the picture: 0 house.1 reinforced concrete foundation. 2 house ground. 3 outer leaf wall. 4 main wall. 5 inner leaf wall. 6 hollow part. 7 connecting wall of main wall and leaf wall. 8 column. 9 ring beam. 10 load-bearing beams. 11 window holes. 12 door holes. 13 ceilings. 14 provocations. 15 craft fences. 16 inner walls. 17 inner wall door holes. 18 inner walls. 19 rear window holes. 20 daughter walls. 21 flat top hollow prefabricated pieces. Gabled hollow prefabricated parts.23 outer slope beam.24 slope shed.25 ridge beam.26 inner slope beam.27.29.30.31.32 slope top hollow prefabricated piece.28 is the cut hole of 27.33 ridge prefabricated piece.34 steel frame Stairs .35 basic outer template. 36 waist. 37 feet. 38 base template. 39 bolts. 40 is the full picture of 39. 41 pin holes. 42 tightening hands. 43 is a magnified view of 42. 44 hooks. 45 Steel brazing. 46 card dead rod. 47 card pin. 48 adjustment card pin. 49 plug head. 50 female corner. 51 male angle. 52 big sun angle. 53 card knife. 54 is a magnified view of 53. 55 column template. Big Yinjiao.57 is a cross-section of 56.58 exterior wall template.59 vertical adduction outer chamfering surface.60 can be used to retract the pedal.61 is the 62 fixed frame.62 detachable small window frame. 63 rubber pad. 64 small bolts. 65 pin hole. 66 pin. 67 bushings. 68 outer wall template. 69 fixing frame. 70 bolts. 71 nuts. 72 tensioning rods. 73 activities direct head. 74 activities U shape Head.75 window hole outside template.76 window hole template.77 window hole template.78 window hole top template.79 right angle beveled edge joint.80 craft top border.81 craft border.82 pinning.83 window sill prefab.84 door hole External template.85 door hole template.86 door hole template.87 door hole top template.88 right angle beveled edge joint.89 craft top border.90 craft border.91 sandwich template vibrator.92 steel plate.93 trapezoidal tensioning slider .94 trapezoidal sliding frame. 95 tensioning shaft. 96 chain. 97 roller. 98 connecting steel plate. 99 eccentric shaft. 100 drawing pin. 101 is 100. View. 102 limit drawing pin. 103 exterior wall hanging frame .104 circle beam template.105 auxiliary template.106 limit bolt.107 drawbar.108 foldable scaffolding.109 exterior wall mount.110 ring beam formwork.111 bevel cut edge joint.112 is the elevation of 111. 113 large bolts. 114 flat angles. 115 beam mold box plates. 116 oblique cut edge joints. 117 is the elevation of 116. 118 beam mold bottom plate. 119 oblique cut edge joints. 120 is 115 leg. 121 tension rods. 122 is Magnified view of 121.123 support.124 pick beam mold.125 interior wall mount.126L beam formwork.127L shape beveled edge joint.128 interior wall mount.129 auxiliary template.130yang angle hanger.131 auxiliary template .132 steel pin 133 provocation template. 134 pumping Pulling legs. 135 electric jacks. 136 ceiling template. 137 oblique cutting edge. 138 steel plate ginseng edge. 139 concave and convex craft carving. 140 craft fence outside template. 141 craft fence inside template. 142 connecting frame. 143 bolts. 144 pinning .145 casing.146 special vibrator.147 daughter wall template.148 daughter wall provocation.149 daughter wall template.150 connecting rod.151 special vibrator.152 slope beam outer template.153 slope beam inner template.154 Auxiliary part .155 auxiliary template. 156 slope beam mold. 157 triangle joint. 158 legs. 159 ridge beam mold. 160 slope shed template. 161 car type upper slewing crane. 162 telescopic arm. 163 hydraulic support legs. 164 pull square steel .165 square steel. 166 special large bolts. 167 tensioning rods. 168 spires. 169 is an enlarged view of 168. 170 slewing support. 171 large pinning. 172 limit switch. 173 planetary disc stepless speed changer. 174 monitoring .175 slewing limiter. 176 electric push rod. 177 pulley. 178 coaxial side by side pulley. 179 balance arm. 180 coaxial side by side hoist. 181 block. 182 balance weight. 183 is 182 enlarged top view. 184 lifting hoist. 185 worm gear jack. 186 screw. 187 cantilever. 188 variable amplitude wire rope. 189 variable amplitude hoist. 190 cantilever second section. 191 variable width car. 192 special large hinge. 193 Enlarged view of 192. 194 electric push rod. 195 is the guide pulley of 188. 196 cantilever third section. 197 variable amplitude fixed pulley. 198 is 187 retractable wire rope. 199 is 179 retractable wire rope. 200 hoisting wire rope. 201 is a 190 diagonal cable. The 202 is a 196 diagonal cable.
本发明的最佳实施方式BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
本发明以一栋普通的房屋0为例来对本发明的技术方案及套装大模板进一步详细的说明。 The present invention uses an ordinary house 0 as an example to further explain the technical solution and the large package of the present invention in further detail.
本发明摒弃了传统的建筑思想和理念,用专一.专业.统一.标准.规范.精细.多样的思想理念,用精心特制的套装大模板通过汽车式上回转塔吊161及科学的施工方法将房屋0的钢筋砼基础1和主墙4.内墙16.立柱8.圈梁9.承重梁10.顶棚13.工艺围栏15.女儿墙20.坡梁23.26.坡棚24.脊梁25.用钢筋混凝土现浇成一体,主墙4是中空的,分为主墙4和内叶墙5.或一主两叶墙.即主墙4.外叶墙3.和内叶墙5,并可以通过更换大阴角56的大小和穿销66来改变主墙4的宽度, 其中.主墙4宽15cm.叶墙3和叶墙5宽6cm, 中空的部分6 宽9cm并且 可以装填保温隔热材料,也可以注水,屋顶保温隔热采用平顶空心预制件21和坡顶空心预制件27.29.30.31.32, 在两坡房的坡棚24上边也可以预留窗洞安设天窗 。 The invention abandons the traditional architectural ideas and concepts, and uses the special, professional, unified, standard, normative, fine and diverse ideas, and adopts a meticulously designed large template through the automobile-type rotary tower crane 161 and the scientific construction method. Reinforced concrete foundation 1 and main wall 4. Interior wall 16. Column 8. Ring beam 9. Bearing beam 10. Ceiling 13. Craft fence 15. Daughter wall 20. Slope beam 23.26. Slope 24. Spine 25. Use The reinforced concrete is poured into one body, and the main wall 4 is hollow, and is divided into a main wall 4 and an inner leaf wall 5. or a main two-leaf wall, that is, a main wall 4. an outer leaf wall 3. and an inner leaf wall 5, and can The width of the main wall 4 is changed by changing the size of the large female corner 56 and the pin 66. Wherein the main wall 4 is 15 cm wide. The leaf wall 3 and the leaf wall 5 are 6 cm wide, and the hollow portion 6 is 9 cm wide and It can be filled with thermal insulation materials or water injection. The roof insulation is made of flat-top hollow preforms 21 and hollow top preforms 27.29.33.33.32. A skylight can also be reserved for the window hole on the sloping shed 24 of the two slope houses.
一.基础外模板35由承台35.腰身36.地脚37.通过钢销和拉紧搬手42插装并拉紧组成,长度以开间和进深为基准,高度可以通过增减腰身36的块数来改变,基础内模板38.堵头59.和阴角50.及阳角51以同样的形式组成,在施工时各模板通过插销39和拉紧搬手42销固并拉紧,将钢钎45夯入地基中固定,上口用卡紧拉杆46卡死,并可以调整其上调节卡销48的位置来调整基础外模板35和基础内模板38的宽度,这样得到的钢筋砼基础1为工字形并可以调整高度和宽度。 套装大模板主要包括基础外模板35、外墙模板、窗洞模板、门洞模板、夹心模板震动器91、窗洞内模板76、门洞内模板85和内墙模板、外墙挂架103、承重梁模115、顶棚模板136、工艺围栏模板和坡棚模板160。 1. The foundation outer template 35 is composed of a platform 35. a waist body 36. a foot 37. The steel pin and the tensioning hand 42 are inserted and tensioned, and the length is based on the opening and the depth, and the height can be increased or decreased by the waist 36. The number of blocks is changed, the base inner template 38. the plug 59. and the female corner 50. and the male corner 51 are composed in the same form, and each template is pinned and tightened by the bolt 39 and the tensioning hand 42 during construction, The steel bracing 45 is fixed into the foundation, the upper port is locked by the clamping rod 46, and the position of the upper adjusting pin 48 can be adjusted to adjust the width of the base outer die plate 35 and the base inner die plate 38, thus obtaining the reinforced concrete foundation. 1 is an I-shape and can be adjusted in height and width. The large template includes a basic outer template 35, an outer wall template, a window hole template, a door hole template, a sandwich template vibrator 91, a window inner template 76, a door inner template 85 and an inner wall template, an outer wall hanger 103, and a load bearing beam mold 115. , a ceiling formwork 136, a craft fence formwork, and a sloping formwork 160.
二.所有模板的安装是通过汽车式上回转塔吊161来实现的,其关键技术采用了 伸缩臂162加悬臂187的形式安装在汽车161上,悬臂187分为三节,即悬臂187悬臂第二节190悬臂第三节196,悬臂187和平衡臂179可以水平折叠垂直收放,通过伸缩臂162收放到汽车161上,在回转支撑170上边安装有可旋转俯仰的监视器174, 在变幅小车191上安装有无线监视器向下垂直监控吊钩,使操作人员不必爬上塔顶即可完成起吊重物的操作,动力采用电力, 操控台设在汽车161的副驾驶位置,在施工时将汽车161用U形抱紧螺栓和方钢164.165及张紧拉杆167栓固到预埋在钢筋砼基础1中的大螺母166上,使汽车式上回转塔吊161的安全性和可靠性得到了万无一失。 2. The installation of all the templates is realized by the car-type upper swing crane 161, and its key technology is adopted. The telescopic arm 162 is mounted on the car 161 in the form of a cantilever 187. The cantilever 187 is divided into three sections, that is, the cantilever 187 cantilevered the second section 190 cantilevered the third section 196, and the cantilever 187 and the balance arm 179 can be horizontally folded and vertically retracted through the telescopic arm. The 162 is retracted onto the car 161, and a rotatably supported monitor 174 is mounted on the slewing support 170. A wireless monitor is vertically mounted on the variable amplitude trolley 191, so that the operator can complete the lifting and lifting operation without having to climb the top of the tower, and the power is powered. The console is located at the co-pilot position of the car 161, and the car 161 is bolted to the large nut 166 embedded in the reinforced concrete foundation 1 by U-shaped clasp bolts and square steel 164.165 and tensioning rods 167 during construction. The safety and reliability of the slewing tower crane 161 has been foolproof.
三.墙体模板分为外墙模板58.68,内墙模板同外墙模板.并可以根据具体情况调整宽度,窗洞模板75.76,门洞模板84.85,夹心模板震动器91,及大阳角52立柱模板55和大阴角56;其中外墙模板58.68高4m,宽以开间为基准,厚80mm,两侧的边沿设计为垂直内收外张的斜切面,便于安装和拆卸,并留有5-10mm的钢板参压槽,在中间2.2-2.8m处61上面用螺栓螺母的形式将特制可拆装的小窗框62安装到外墙模板58.68内侧以便在施工中预留后窗洞19,在1.5m和3m处分别安装有可收放的脚踏板60以取代脚手架,两侧边框上焊有插销39和拉紧搬手42以连接销固和拉紧模板;窗洞模板75.76和门洞模板84.85是在外墙模板58.68的基础上将中间按照预定尺寸挖空,并设计与其相对应的零部件77.78.79.80.81.86.87.88.89.90用穿销82分别穿销组装,以便于拆模,其中零部件80.81.89.90.可以设计为不同的工艺花型;夹心模板震动器91是一个可以张紧和收缩的震动器,并可以根据需要设计成任意尺寸;大阳角52立柱模板55和大阴角56的尺寸是与外墙模板58.68及窗洞模板75.76和门洞模板84.85相配套的,两侧的边沿设计为垂直内张外收的斜切面,并留有凸出5-10mm宽的钢板参压边。在施工时.先将预制的钢筋网片和立柱钢筋焊接到预留在钢筋砼基础1上的钢筋头上,再安装外墙内模板68.窗洞内模板76.门洞内模板85和内墙模板,通过预埋在房屋地面2中的螺母71将固定架69用螺栓70栓固,用张紧拉杆72将外墙内模板68.窗洞内模板76.门洞内模板85和内墙模板连接并栓固到固定架69上,并用张紧拉杆72将模板的上口拉紧固定,再用穿销66套管67将外墙外模板58.窗洞外模板75.门洞外模板84和大阴角56大阳角52立柱模板55和外墙内模板68窗洞内模板76门洞内模板85销固到一起,然后将夹心模板震动器91吊起放入外墙模板58.68窗洞模板75.76门洞模板84.85中间,用特制的卡簧卡住使其可以震动但不可移动,混凝土浇注的高度通过特制的辅助件可以调节控制到所需要的高度,拆模时将夹心模板震动器91收缩即可吊出,内墙混凝土的震实可以用扶着式震动器震板或用震捣棒的形式震实。 3. The wall template is divided into the outer wall template 58.68, the inner wall template and the outer wall template. The width can be adjusted according to the specific situation, the window template 75.76, the door template 84.85, the sandwich template vibrator 91, and the large angle 52 column template 55 And the big yin angle 56; wherein the outer wall formwork 58.68 is 4m high, the width is based on the open space, and the thickness is 80mm. The edging on both sides is designed as a vertical adjoining outer slanting cut surface for easy installation and disassembly, and leaves 5-10mm The steel plate is pressed into the groove, and the special removable small window frame 62 is installed on the inner side of the outer wall formwork 58.68 in the form of bolts and nuts in the middle of the 2.2-2.8 m place 61 to reserve the rear window hole 19 in the construction, at 1.5 m and 3m is installed with a retractable footrest 60 to replace the scaffolding. The two sides of the frame are welded with a pin 39 and a tensioning hand 42 to connect the pin to fix and tighten the template; the window hole template 75.76 and the door hole template 84.85 are on the outer wall. On the basis of the template 58.68, the middle is hollowed out according to the predetermined size, and the corresponding parts 77.78.79.80.81.86.87.88.89.90 are assembled by the pinning pins 82 to facilitate the demoulding, wherein the parts are 80.81.89.90 Can be designed as different process patterns; the sandwich template vibrator 91 is a The vibrator is tensioned and contracted, and can be designed to any size as needed; the size of the large-angle 52-column template 55 and the large female corner 56 is matched with the outer wall formwork 58.68 and the window formwork 75.76 and the door hole formwork 84.85. The edging on both sides is designed as a beveled surface with a vertical inner and outer extension, and a steel plate with a 5-10 mm wide embossed edge is left. During construction, the prefabricated steel mesh and column steel are first welded to the steel head reserved on the reinforced concrete foundation 1, and then the outer wall template is installed. 68. The window template in the window hole 76. The door hole template 85 and the interior wall template The fixing frame 69 is bolted by the bolt 70 by the nut 71 embedded in the floor 2 of the house, and the template of the outer wall 68. The template in the window hole 76 is connected with the inner wall template by the tensioning rod 72. The fixing frame 69 is fixed to the fixing frame 69, and the upper opening of the template is tightened and fixed by the tensioning rod 72, and then the outer wall template 58 is used by the pin 66 sleeve 67. The window outer template 75. the door outer template 84 and the large female corner 56 The large angle 52 column template 55 and the outer wall template 68 window inner template 76 door hole inner template 85 pinned together, and then the sandwich template vibrator 91 is hoisted into the outer wall template 58.68 window template 75.76 door hole template 84.85, with The special circlip is clamped to make it vibrate but not movable. The height of the concrete pouring can be adjusted to the required height by special-purpose auxiliary parts. When the mold is removed, the sandwich template vibrator 91 can be contracted to hang out. The vibration can be shaken by a supporting vibrator or a shock bar Real shock.
四.挂架分为外墙挂架103.和外墙内挂架109.内墙挂架125.128和阳角挂架130.及平角114.辅助模板105.129;其中外墙挂架103由下框架103圈梁模板104辅助模板105限位螺栓106抽拉杆107可折叠脚手架108组成,长度以开间为基准,圈梁模板104的宽度是圈梁9加顶棚13的高度加5-10cm,两头为垂直内收外张斜切边并在内侧留有5-10mm的钢板参压边,在施工中通过限位螺栓106和抽拉杆107在50cm范围内调节高度;外墙内挂架109的规格与外挂架103相同,圈梁模板110上设置有斜切边接头111;内墙挂架125.128的长度可以根据进深的长度具体设定,圈梁模板126为L形并可设计成工艺花形,一头设有L形斜切边接头127以便于拆模;阳角挂架130的结构同外墙挂架103;平角114的高度同圈梁模板104.宽度同立柱模板55.两侧的边沿为垂直内张外收斜切边并留有凸出5-10mm的钢板参压边;辅助模板129的上沿设为斜切边,一头设有斜切边接头,用于安装到外墙内挂架109上.为安装两坡房的坡棚模板160时用。 4. The pylon is divided into an outer wall pylon 103. and an outer wall pylon 109. an inner wall pylon 125.128 and a male pylon 130. and a flat angle 114. an auxiliary template 105.129; wherein the outer wall pylon 103 is provided by the lower frame 103 The ring beam template 104 auxiliary template 105 limit bolt 106 drawbar 107 is formed by a foldable scaffold 108. The length is based on the opening. The width of the ring beam template 104 is the height of the ring beam 9 plus the ceiling 13 plus 5-10 cm, and the two ends are vertical. The outer edge of the beveled edge is left and the steel plate with a 5-10 mm side is placed on the inner side. During the construction, the height is adjusted by the limit bolt 106 and the drawing rod 107 within a range of 50 cm; the specification of the outer wall inner hanger 109 and the outer frame 103 is the same, the ring beam template 110 is provided with a beveled edge joint 111; the length of the inner wall hanger 125.128 can be specifically set according to the length of the depth, the ring beam template 126 is L-shaped and can be designed as a craft flower shape, and one end is provided with L The beveled edge joint 127 is arranged to facilitate demolding; the structure of the male corner hanger 130 is the same as that of the outer wall hanger 103; the height of the flat angle 114 is the same as the ring beam template 104. The width is the same as the vertical column template 55. The edges on both sides are vertical and outward. The oblique cut edge is left and the steel plate with the protrusion of 5-10 mm is left; the upper edge of the auxiliary template 129 is set as a beveled edge, and the head is inclined The trimming joint is used for mounting on the outer wall inner hanger 109. It is used when installing the slope pattern template 160 of the two slope houses.
五.承重梁模115是一个通过张紧拉杆121的作用可张合的机械式梁模,分为主梁模115和挑梁模124,在主梁模的一头设有斜边接头116和119以便于拆模,并可设计成工艺花形梁模。 5. The load-bearing beam mold 115 is a mechanical beam mold which can be stretched by the action of the tensioning rod 121, and is divided into a main beam mold 115 and a pick beam mold 124, and a bevel joint 116 and 119 are provided at one end of the main beam mold. In order to remove the mold, and can be designed as a process flower beam mold.
六.顶棚模板136长宽以开间和进深为基准分为四块,边沿以斜切边和钢板参压边参压槽精密对接,用插销39销固,并可设计成工艺花形模板;挑檐模板133分为两块,以斜切边和钢板参压边参压槽精密对接,用插销39销固,并可设计成工艺花形模板,并有辅助模板131配套安装。 6. The length and width of the ceiling formwork 136 are divided into four pieces according to the opening and depth. The edge is precisely butt-joined with the oblique cutting edge and the steel plate ginseng side pressure groove, pinned with the bolt 39, and can be designed into a craft flower formwork; The template 133 is divided into two pieces, which are precisely butt-joined with the oblique cutting edge and the steel plate squeezing side ginseng groove, and are fixed by the bolt 39, and can be designed into a process flower template, and the auxiliary template 131 is installed.
七.承重梁模115顶棚模板136挑檐模板133在施工时以抽拉支腿134和电动千斤顶135支顶。 7. Load-bearing beam mold 115 ceiling formwork 136 The pick-up formwork 133 is topped by the pull-out leg 134 and the electric jack 135 during construction.
八.工艺围栏模板分为外模板140和内模板141,并可设计成任意造型,在施工时用穿销144和套管145穿销,并用连接架142以螺栓螺母的形式固定到挑檐模板133上面,用特制的震动器146辅助施工。 8. The process fence template is divided into an outer template 140 and an inner template 141, and can be designed into any shape. The pin 144 and the sleeve 145 are pinned during construction, and are fixed to the provocation template by bolts and nuts in the form of bolts and nuts 142. Above the 133, a special vibrator 146 is used to assist the construction.
九.女儿墙模板147 分为 女儿墙外模板147.女儿墙挑檐148.女儿墙内模板149. 其中女儿墙外模板147和女儿墙挑檐148以插销和拉紧搬手组装而成,接口为斜切边,女儿墙外模板147可以设计成工艺花形模板, 在施工时用穿销144和套管145穿销,用连接杆150以螺栓螺母的形式栓固到外墙外挂架103上面,并用特制的震动器151辅助施工。 Nine. Daughter wall template 147 is divided into daughter wall outside template 147. Daughter wall provocation 148. Daughter wall template 149. Among them, the daughter wall outer template 147 and the daughter wall provocation 148 are assembled by bolts and tensioning, the interface is a beveled edge, and the daughter wall outer template 147 can be designed as a craft flower template. During the construction, the pin 144 and the sleeve 145 are used for pinning, and the connecting rod 150 is bolted to the outer wall pylon 103 in the form of a bolt and nut, and the special vibrator 151 is used to assist the construction.
十.钢架楼梯34设计为钢架加木制踏板以螺栓螺母组装成一体,并用大螺栓穿销栓固到楼梯间的墙壁上。 X. Steel frame stair 34 is designed as a steel frame with wooden pedals assembled with bolts and nuts, and bolted to the wall of the stairwell with large bolts.
十一.两坡房山墙上边的三角形山墙尖设计为空心预制件22;坡梁模板152和153用穿销66套管67穿销吊放到空心预制件22上,并用插销39向下插销到圈梁模板104和110上,其中坡梁模板152的宽度比153宽12公分,是坡梁加顶棚的厚度加5cm;坡梁模156和脊梁模159也是由张紧拉杆121作用可张合的机械式梁模,一头设有斜切边接头便于拆模,并可设计为工艺花开形模板,坡梁模156和三角接头157连接并用插销39向下销固到下边的承重梁模115上或内墙挂架125.128上。 11. The triangular gable edge on the side of the hillside of the two slopes is designed as a hollow preform 22; the slope beam formwork 152 and 153 are pinned to the hollow preform 22 by a pin 66 sleeve 67 and bolted down to the pin 39. On the ring beam templates 104 and 110, wherein the width of the slope beam template 152 is 12 cm wider than 153, which is the thickness of the slope beam plus the ceiling plus 5 cm; the slope beam mold 156 and the backbone mold 159 are also stretchable by the tensioning rod 121. The mechanical beam mold has a beveled edge joint for easy demoulding, and can be designed as a process flower-opening template. The slope beam mold 156 and the triangular joint 157 are connected and pinned down to the lower load-bearing beam mold 115 by the bolt 39. Or on the interior wall hanger 125.128.
十二.坡棚模板160以开间和斜坡的长度为基准设计为两块,从中间纵向斜切,并以钢板参压边参压槽和插销39紧密对接,周边用插销39和坡梁模156.159及坡梁模板153销固,并可以设计成工艺花形模板,在施工时用抽拉顶杆134.电动千斤顶135支顶。 12. The sloping formwork 160 is designed as two pieces based on the length of the opening and the slope, and is obliquely cut from the middle longitudinal direction, and is tightly abutted by the steel plate ginseng ginseng groove and the pin 39, and the peripheral pin 39 and the slope beam die 156.159 The slope beam formwork 153 is pinned and can be designed as a craft flower formwork. During construction, the ejector pin 134. The electric jack 135 is used.
十三.在两坡房的坡棚24施工完成后随即按顺序摆放空心预制构件27.29.30.31.32.33,在接口处抹素灰紧密摆放,使其和坡棚24凝固成一体;在顶棚13上边坐灰摆放空心预制件21,接口处抹素灰;空心预制件27.29.30.31.32上表面设计为波形,并用彩色素灰抹面,规格可以根据需要设定;在两坡房的坡棚24上边也可以预留窗洞安设天窗。 13. After the construction of the sloping shed 24 of the two slope houses is completed, the hollow prefabricated members 27.23.33.33.32.33 are placed in order, and the ash is placed tightly at the interface to make it solidify with the sloping shed 24; 13 The upper part of the hollow is placed on the hollow prefabricated part 21, the interface is covered with ash; the upper surface of the hollow prefabricated piece 27.29.30.33.32 is designed as a wave shape, and the surface is covered with colored plain ash. The specifications can be set according to the needs; On the shed 24, a window can be reserved for the skylight.
十四.拆模后，用特制的抛光机将墙体上或顶棚上遗留的毛边抛光,用彩色素灰或涂料粉刷。 14. After demoulding, use a special polishing machine to polish the edges left on the wall or on the ceiling, and paint with colored plain ash or paint.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the invention
实施例1： Example 1:
如图1、图2、图3、图4、图5、图7、图8、图9、图10、图11、图12、图13、图15、图17、图37和图38所示，第一步，用挖掘机开挖基础沟,用三合土将基础沟底部夯实整平,将基础模板35. 38. 49. 50. 51组装并置于三合土地基上,将钢钎45夯嵌入地基中固定,将扎好的钢筋笼置于基础模板35和38中,用卡死拉杆46将基础模板35. 38卡死,然后用混凝土泵车注入混凝土用震捣棒震实并整平,并将特制大螺母166预埋到其中适当位置,得到钢筋砼基础1,在钢筋砼基础1上方预留钢筋头以便于上面墙体中的钢筋焊接,然后拆除模板35.38.49.50.51。 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 37, and 38 In the first step, the excavator is used to excavate the foundation ditch, and the bottom of the foundation ditch is leveled with triad soil, and the foundation template is 35. 38. 49. 50. 51 assembled and placed on the triad foundation, the steel brazing 45 夯 is embedded in the foundation, the reinforced cage is placed in the basic formwork 35 and 38, and the basic template 35 is clamped by the dead rod 46. 38 card death, and then the concrete pump truck is used to inject concrete with the shock rod to compact and level, and the special large nut 166 is pre-buried in the appropriate position to obtain the reinforced concrete foundation 1, and the steel head is reserved above the reinforced concrete foundation 1. In order to weld the steel in the upper wall, then remove the template 35.38.49.50.51.
第二步.将地基上的土回填整平夯实,用混凝土泵车铺滩混凝土震实整平,将特制螺母71预埋到混凝土中适当位置得到房屋地面2。 The second step is to backfill the soil on the foundation and tamping it with concrete. The concrete pump is used to build the concrete and the concrete is leveled. The special nut 71 is pre-buried in the concrete to obtain the floor 2 of the house.
第三步.将汽车式上回转塔吊161用U形螺栓和方钢164.165及张紧拉杆167连接栓固到预埋在钢筋砼基础1中的特制大螺母166上并竖起展开,将连接架69用螺栓70固定到预埋在房屋地面2中的特制螺母71上,将墙体钢筋和立柱钢筋与预留在钢筋砼基础1上的钢筋头焊接,然后用汽车式上回转塔吊161将外墙内模板68.窗洞内模板 76 .门洞内模板85和内墙模板及大阴角56和立柱模板55以次吊起,用张紧拉杆72连接固定在连接架69上,再将外墙外模板58 .窗洞外模板75 .门洞外模板84及大阳角52和立柱模板55以次吊起,用穿销66和套管67以次穿销安装在内墙模板68. 窗洞内模板76.门洞内模板 85和大阴角56及立柱模板55上,将夹心模板震动器91吊起放置到外墙模板58.68.窗洞模板75.76门洞模板84.85中间,用特制的卡簧卡住,然后用混凝土泵车泵送混凝土震实整平,并有辅助工具辅助施工,在夹心模板震动器91震动时可用软轴连接,也可直接将电机安装在夹心模板震动器91上,拆模时将夹心模板震动器91收缩即可吊出,内墙16.18震动时可用附着式震动器震板或用震捣棒震捣,拆模时按先后安装次序以次拆模.便得到主墙4.叶墙5.立柱8.及内墙16和18。 The third step is to connect the automobile type upper swing crane 161 with U-bolt and square steel 164.165 and tensioning rod 167 to the special large nut 166 embedded in the reinforced concrete foundation 1 and erect the joint. 69 is fixed to the special nut 71 pre-buried in the floor 2 of the house by bolts 70, and the wall reinforcement and the column reinforcement are welded to the steel head reserved on the reinforced concrete foundation 1, and then the outer slewing crane 161 is used. Wall template 68. Window template 76. The door cavity template 85 and the inner wall formwork and the large female corner 56 and the column formwork 55 are hoisted in a row, and are connected and fixed to the connecting frame 69 by the tensioning tie rod 72, and then the outer wall outer formwork 58. The outer window template 75 The outer door template 84 and the large angle 52 and the column template 55 are lifted in the second time, and the inner wall template is installed by the pin 66 and the sleeve 67. The template in the window hole is 76. 85 and the large female corner 56 and the column template 55, the sandwich template vibrator 91 is hoisted and placed in the middle of the outer wall formwork 58.68. The window formwork 75.76 door hole formwork 84.85, stuck with a special circlip, and then pumped with a concrete pump truck The concrete is compacted and leveled, and assisted by auxiliary tools. When the sandwich template vibrator 91 vibrates, it can be connected by a soft shaft. The motor can also be directly mounted on the sandwich template vibrator 91. When the mold is removed, the sandwich template vibrator 91 is shrunk. It can be hoisted. When the inner wall is 16.18 vibrating, it can be shocked by the attached vibrator or shocked by the shock bar. When demolishing the mold, the mold is removed according to the order of installation. The main wall is 4. The wall 5. The column 8. And interior walls 16 and 18.
实施例2： Example 2:
如图1图2图3图4图5图6图20图21图22图23图24图25图27图28图29图30图39.第四步.将外墙外挂架103和外墙内挂架109及内墙挂架125和128以次吊起用螺栓113分别栓销安装在外墙4和内墙18上端遗留的穿墙孔中,再将梁模115挑梁模124和顶棚模板136及挑檐模板133吊装用插销39销连,并用支腿134和电动千斤顶135支顶牢固,再将工艺围栏外模板140用连接架142固定到挑檐模板133上,再用穿销144和套管145将工艺围栏内模板141和工艺围栏外模板140穿销到一起,然后用特制的水泥预制板将主墙4中空的部分6的上口盖住,在外墙挂架103.109和内墙挂架125.128及梁模115中间摆放钢筋笼,并在顶棚模板136上方摆投钢筋网片,用混凝土泵车浇注混凝土震实抹平,并将特制螺母71预埋到其中适当位置,并在适当位置预埋通风管件以便安装通风管道或水管,再往工艺围栏模板141和142中间注入混凝土并震实,并用特制的震动器146将工艺围栏的上檐震实成形,拆模,就得到圈梁9.承重梁10.和顶棚13.挑檐14.及工艺围栏15,在圈梁9的上方预留钢筋头以便上面的墙体钢筋焊接,然后将钢架楼梯34用大螺栓栓固到楼梯间的墙壁上。 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 39. Step 4. The external wall mount 103 and the outer wall The hanger 109 and the inner wall hangers 125 and 128 are respectively bolted to the through-wall holes left by the upper end of the outer wall 4 and the inner wall 18 by bolts 113, and then the beam mold 115 is lifted by the beam mold 124 and the ceiling formwork 136 and The provocation template 133 is slinged with the pin 39 and secured by the legs 134 and the electric jack 135. The process fence outer template 140 is then fixed to the provocation template 133 by the connecting frame 142, and the pin 144 and the sleeve are used. 145, the process fence inner template 141 and the craft fence outer template 140 are pinned together, and then the upper opening of the hollow portion 6 of the main wall 4 is covered with a special cement prefabricated panel, the outer wall hanger 103.109 and the inner wall hanger 125.128 And a steel cage is placed in the middle of the beam mold 115, and a steel mesh is cast on the ceiling template 136, and the concrete pump is poured into the concrete to smooth the concrete, and the special nut 71 is pre-buried in an appropriate position and pre-positioned in place. Buried ventilation fittings to install ventilation ducts or water pipes, and then inject concrete into the process fence formwork 141 and 142 and compact it, and use special The vibrator 146 simulates the upper jaw of the process fence and demolishes the mold, and obtains the ring beam 9. the load-bearing beam 10. and the ceiling 13. the provocation 14. and the process fence 15, and the steel head is reserved above the ring beam 9 so as to The upper wall is welded and the steel frame stair 34 is bolted to the wall of the stairwell with large bolts.
第五步同第三步,也就是房屋0的第二层.主墙4内墙16.内墙18的施工方法和程序与第一层的墙壁施工方法和程序是一样的。 The fifth step is the same as the third step, that is, the second layer of the house 0. The construction method and procedure of the inner wall 4 inner wall 16. the inner wall 18 are the same as the first layer wall construction method and procedure.
第六步同第四步,也就是房屋0的第二层.圈梁9承重梁10顶棚13挑檐14及工艺围栏15的施工方法和程序与第一层的施工方法和程序是一样的。 The sixth step is the same as the fourth step, that is, the second layer of the house 0. The construction method and procedure of the ring beam 9 bearing beam 10 roof 13 provocation 14 and the process fence 15 are the same as the first layer construction method and procedure.
实施例3： Example 3:
如图1图2图3图5图31图32图40.第七步.在第六步的工序完成后,将组装好的女儿墙模板147.148用连接杆150连接固定在外墙挂架103上面的圈梁模板104上,再将女儿墙内模板149用穿销144及套管145和女儿墙外模板147穿销起来,并安装与其相配套的阴阳角,浇注混凝土并震实,上檐用特制的震动器151震实成型,拆模就得到女儿墙20,在所有模板拆除后在顶棚13上面坐灰摆放空心预制件21,并在接口处抹素灰使空心预制件21紧密连接。 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 5 Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 40. Step 7. After the process of the sixth step is completed, the assembled daughter wall template 147.148 is connected and fixed on the outer wall hanger 103 by the connecting rod 150. On the ring beam template 104, the daughter wall template 149 is then pinned by the pin 144 and the sleeve 145 and the parapetal template 147, and the matching yin and yang angles are installed, concrete is poured and compacted, and the upper sill is specially made. The vibrator 151 is compacted and demolished to obtain the parapet 20. After all the stencils are removed, the hollow preform 21 is placed on the ceiling 13 and the hollow ash is tightly connected at the interface.
实施例4： Example 4:
如图1图2图3图4图5图20图21图22图23图24图25图26图27图28图33图34图35图36图41.第八步同第三步.也就是房屋0第三层两坡房的墙体施工方法和程序与第一层第二层的墙体施工方法和程序是一样的。 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure 35 Figure 36 Figure 41. The eighth step is the same as the third step. The wall construction method and procedure of the third floor of the house 0 are the same as the wall construction method and procedure of the first floor and the second floor.
第九步.将外墙挂加103.109吊装栓销在房屋0第三层的外墙上端遗留的穿墙孔中,将辅助模板129安装到外墙内挂架109上,将辅助模板105安装到内墙挂加125.128上并吊装栓销在内墙18上端遗留的穿墙孔中,将挑梁模124挑檐模板133吊装.与外墙外挂架103连接销固在一起,并用支腿134和千斤顶135支顶牢固,将扎好的钢筋笼摆放到外墙挂架103.109梁模115中间及内墙挂架125.128中间,在挑檐模板133上面铺设钢筋网片,然后泵送混凝土震实整平,将预制件22吊起摆放在山墙上端的圈梁9上,将坡梁模板152.153用穿销66套管67穿销并吊起放到预制件22上,将辅助模板154和坡梁模板152穿销销扣在一起,用插销39将坡梁模板152.153分别向下插销到外墙挂架103.109上,将坡梁模156和三角接头157用插销39销到一起,再用插销39分别销到下面的内墙挂架125.128和梁模115上,用顶杆158支顶罕固,将屋脊梁模159吊装与坡梁模板153和坡梁模156用插销39销在一起,并用支腿134和电动千斤顶135支顶罕固,然后将斜坡顶棚模板160吊装并用插销39销固,用支腿134和千斤顶135支顶罕固,将扎好的钢筋笼摆放到坡梁模板152和153及坡梁模156和脊梁模159中间,在坡棚模板160上铺设钢筋网片,泵送混凝土震实整平,将坡顶空心预制件27.29.30.31.32以次吊起,在预制件对接处抹素灰并紧密摆放,使其和坡棚24凝固到一起,在屋脊正中坐灰摆放屋脊预制件33。 Step IX. Attach the 103.109 hoisting pin to the wall hole left in the outer wall of the third floor of the house 0, install the auxiliary template 129 on the outer wall cradle 109, and install the auxiliary template 105 to The inner wall is hung and added to the 125.128 and the hoisting bolt is inserted into the wall hole left at the upper end of the inner wall 18. The picking mold 124 is hoisted by the template 133. The connecting rod of the outer wall pylon 103 is fixed together, and the leg 134 is used. The top of the jack 135 is firm, and the welded steel cage is placed in the middle of the outer wall hanger 103.109 beam mold 115 and the inner wall hanger 125.128. The steel mesh is laid on the provocation template 133, and then the concrete is pumped. Flat, the prefabricated member 22 is lifted and placed on the ring beam 9 at the end of the mountain wall, and the slope beam template 152.153 is pinned by the pin 66 sleeve 67 and lifted and placed on the preform 22, and the auxiliary template 154 and the slope beam are The template 152 is pinned together, and the slope beam template 152.153 is respectively latched down to the outer wall hanger 103.109 by the bolt 39, and the slope beam mold 156 and the triangular joint 157 are pinned together by the bolt 39, and then the bolt 39 is respectively used. Pinned to the inner wall pylon 125.128 and beam mold 115 below, with the ejector rod 158 to support the top, erecting the ridge beam mold 159 and the slope beam The plate 153 and the slope beam die 156 are pinned together by the bolts 39, and are supported by the legs 134 and the electric jacks 135, and then the slope roof formwork 160 is hoisted and pinned with the bolts 39, with the legs 134 and the jacks 135 Solid, place the clamped steel cage between the slope beam formwork 152 and 153 and the slope beam mold 156 and the ridge beam mold 159, and lay a steel mesh on the slope formwork 160 to pump the concrete to level and level the slope. The hollow prefabricated piece 27.29.33.33.32 is hoisted in the second place, and the ash is placed on the butt joint of the preform and placed closely to be solidified together with the sloping shed 24, and the ridge prefabricated piece 33 is placed in the middle of the ridge.
第十步.拆模后,用特制的抛光机抛光主墙4.叶墙5和顶棚13及坡棚24上遗留的毛边,用彩色素灰或涂料粉刷。 Step 10. After demoulding, use a special polishing machine to polish the main wall 4. The remaining edges of the leaf wall 5 and the ceiling 13 and the sloping 24 are painted with colored plain ash or paint.
本发明的建筑方法同时实用于普通单层民房和多层居民楼房。 The construction method of the invention is applied to ordinary single-storey houses and multi-storey residential buildings at the same time.
工业实用性Industrial applicability
本发明的建筑方法同时实用于普通单层民房和多层居民楼房 ，具有工业实用性。The construction method of the invention is applied to common single-storey houses and multi-storey residential buildings at the same time, and has industrial applicability.

Claims (1)

  1. 1 、一种永久性住房的建筑方法,其特征在于:用特制的套装大模板将房屋(0)的 钢筋砼基础(1)、主墙（4）、内墙（16）、立柱（8）、圈梁（9）、承重梁（10）、顶棚（13）、工艺围栏（15）、女儿墙（20）、坡梁（23、26）、坡棚（24）和脊梁（25） 用钢筋混凝土现浇成一体；主墙（4）是中空的,包括一外墙和一内叶墙（5）,或一外两叶墙，外墙、外叶墙（3）和内叶墙（5）, 并可以通过更换大阴角（56）的大小和穿销（66）来改变主墙（4）的宽度, 中空的部分（6）可以装填保温隔热材料,也可以注水,屋顶保温隔热采用 平顶空心预制件（21）和坡顶空心预制件（27、29、30、31、32）, 墙壁可以直接用彩色素灰或涂料粉刷； 所述的套装大模板主要包括基础外模板（35）、外墙模板（58、68）、窗洞模板（75、76）、门洞模板（84、85）、夹心模板震动器（91）、窗洞内模板（76）、门洞内模板（85）和内墙模板、外墙挂架（103）、承重梁模（115）、顶棚模板（136）、工艺围栏模板和坡棚模板（160） 。1. A method of constructing a permanent house characterized by: using a special set of large templates to house (0) Reinforced concrete foundation (1), main wall (4), inner wall (16), column (8), ring beam (9), load-bearing beam (10), ceiling (13), craft fence (15), parapet wall ( 20), slope beam (23, 26), slope shed (24) and backbone (25) Casting in one piece with reinforced concrete; the main wall (4) is hollow, including an outer wall and an inner leaf wall (5), or an outer two-leaf wall, an outer wall, an outer leaf wall (3) and an inner leaf wall (5), The width of the main wall (4) can be changed by changing the size of the large female corner (56) and the pin (66). The hollow part (6) can be filled with thermal insulation material or water can be injected, and the roof insulation is used. Flat-top hollow preforms (21) and slope-top hollow preforms (27, 29, 30, 31, 32), the walls can be directly painted with colored plain ash or paint; The set large template mainly includes a base outer template (35), an outer wall template (58, 68), a window hole template (75, 76), a door hole template (84, 85), a sandwich template vibrator (91), and a window cavity. Formwork (76), doorway formwork (85) and interior wall formwork, exterior wall pylon (103), load-bearing beam formwork (115), ceiling formwork (136), craft fence formwork and sloping formwork (160) .
    2 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法， 其特征在于：所述的 套装大模板通过汽车式上回转塔吊（161）安装，汽车式上回转塔吊（161）采用了 以伸缩臂（162）、加悬臂（187）的形式安装在 汽车式上回转塔吊（161） 上,悬臂（187）和平衡臂（179）可以水平折叠垂直收放,再通过伸缩臂（162）收放到 汽车式上回转塔吊（161） 上,在回转支撑（170）上边安装有可旋转俯仰的监视器（174）, 在 汽车式上回转塔吊（161）的 变幅小车（191）上安装有无线监视器向下垂直监控吊钩, 操控台设在汽车式上回转塔吊（161）的副驾驶位置。2. A method of constructing a permanent house according to claim 1, wherein: The large formwork is installed by the car-type upper slewing crane (161). The car-type upper slewing crane (161) is installed in the form of a telescopic arm (162) and a cantilever (187). Upper, the cantilever (187) and the balance arm (179) can be horizontally folded and retracted vertically, and then retracted by the telescopic arm (162) to the automobile type upper slewing crane (161). A monitor (174) with a rotatable pitch is mounted on the slewing support (170), and a wireless monitor downward vertical monitoring hook is mounted on the slewing trolley (191) of the slewing crane (161) of the automobile type. The console is located in the co-pilot position of the car-type upper slewing crane (161).
    3 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于：特制的套装大模板基础外模板（35）由承台（35）、腰身（36）、地脚（37）通过钢钎（45）和拉紧搬手（42）插装并拉紧组成,高度可以通过增减腰身（36）的块数来改变,基础内模板（38）堵头（59）和阴角（50）及阳角51以同样的形式组成,在施工时各模板通过插销39和拉紧搬手（42）销固并拉紧,将钢钎（45）夯入地基中固定,上口用卡紧拉杆（46）卡死,并可以调整其上调节卡销（48）的位置来调整基础外模板（35）和基础内模板（38）的宽度,这样得到的钢筋砼基础（1）为工字形并可以调整高度和宽度。3 The method for constructing a permanent house according to claim 1, characterized in that the special set large template base outer formwork (35) is passed by the platform (35), the waist body (36) and the ground foot (37). The steel brazing (45) and the tensioning hand (42) are inserted and tensioned, and the height can be changed by increasing or decreasing the number of the waist (36), the base inner template (38) plug (59) and the female corner ( 50) and the male corner 51 are composed in the same form. During the construction, each template is pinned and tightened by the bolt 39 and the tensioning hand (42), and the steel brazing (45) is inserted into the foundation for fixing, and the upper port is used for the card. The tension rod (46) is stuck, and the position of the adjustment buckle (48) can be adjusted to adjust the width of the base outer template (35) and the base inner template (38), so that the obtained reinforced concrete foundation (1) is working. Glyphs can be adjusted for height and width.
    4 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于:所述的套装大模板外墙模板（58、68） ， 两侧的边沿设计为垂直内收外张的斜切面,便于安装和拆卸,并留有钢板参压槽,在外墙模板上安装有可收放的脚踏板（60）以取代脚手架,两侧边框上焊有插销（39）和拉紧搬手（42）以连接销固和拉紧模板,大阳角（52）、立柱模板（55）和大阴角（56）的尺寸是与外墙模板（58、68）及窗洞模板（75、76）和门洞模板（84、85）相配套的 。4. The method of constructing a permanent house according to claim 1, wherein: said set of large formwork exterior wall formwork (58, 68), The edging on both sides is designed as a vertical inwardly extending beveled surface for easy installation and disassembly, and a steel plate sump is left. A retractable foot pedal (60) is mounted on the exterior stencil to replace the scaffolding. The frame is welded with a pin (39) and a tensioning hand (42) to connect the pin and the tensioning template. The dimensions of the large angle (52), the column template (55) and the large female angle (56) are the outer wall. The template (58, 68) and the window template (75, 76) are matched with the door template (84, 85). .
    5 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于:所述的套装大模板窗洞模板（75、76）和门洞模板（84、85）是在外墙模板（58、68）的基础上将 中间按照预定尺寸挖空,并设计与其相对应的零部件（ 77 、78、79、80、81、86、87、88、89、90）用穿销（82）分别穿销组装,其中零部件（80、81、89、90、）可以设计为不同的工艺花型。5 The method of constructing a permanent house according to claim 1, characterized in that: the set large template window template (75, 76) and the door opening template (84, 85) are in the outer wall formwork (58, 68). Based on Cut out in the middle according to the predetermined size and design the corresponding parts ( 77 , 78, 79, 80, 81, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90) are assembled by pinning (82), wherein the parts (80, 81, 89, 90) can be designed as different craft flowers. type.
    6 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于:所述的套装大模板夹心模板震动器（91）是一个可以张紧和收缩的震动器,并可以根据需要设计成任意尺寸。6 The method for constructing a permanent house according to claim 1, characterized in that: the set large template sandwich template vibrator (91) is a vibrator that can be tensioned and contracted, and can be designed as needed. In any size.
    7 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于:特制的套装大模板外墙内模板（68）、窗洞内模板（76）、门洞内模板（85）和内墙模板的安装,是通过预埋在房屋地平面（2）中的螺母（71）将固定架（69）用螺栓（70）栓固,用张紧拉杆（72）将外墙内模板（68）、窗洞内模板（76）、门洞内模板（85）和内墙模板连接并栓固到固定架（69）上,并用张紧拉杆（72）将模板的上口拉紧固定,再用穿销（66）、套管（67）将外墙外模板（58）、窗洞外模板（75）、门洞外模板（84）、大阴角（56）、大阳角（52）立柱模板（55）、外墙内模板（68）、窗洞内模板（76）和门洞内模板（85）销固到一起。7 The method for constructing a permanent house according to claim 1, characterized in that: the special set large template outer wall template (68), the window inner template (76), the door inner template (85) and the inner wall. The template is installed by bolting the fixing bracket (69) with a bolt (70) through a nut (71) embedded in the floor plan (2) of the house, and the inner wall template (68) is tensioned by a tension rod (72). The window template (76), the door inner template (85) and the inner wall template are connected and bolted to the fixing frame (69), and the upper opening of the template is tightened by the tensioning rod (72), and then the pin is used. (66), casing (67) outer wall template (58), window outer template (75), door hole outer template (84), big Yin angle (56), big Yang angle (52) column template (55) The outer wall template (68), the window hole template (76) and the door hole template (85) are pinned together.
    8 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于:特制的套装大模板外墙挂架（103）由下框架（103）、圈梁模板（104）、辅助模板（105）、限位螺栓（106）、抽拉杆（107）和可折叠脚手架（108）组成,长度以开间为基准,圈梁模板104的宽度是圈梁9加顶棚13的高度加5-10公分,两头为垂直内收外张的斜切边并在内侧留有5-10毫米的钢板参压边。8 The method for constructing a permanent house according to claim 1, characterized in that the special set large template outer wall pylon (103) is composed of a lower frame (103), a ring beam template (104), and an auxiliary template ( 105), a limit bolt (106), a drawbar (107) and a foldable scaffold (108), the length is based on the open space, the width of the ring beam template 104 is the height of the ring beam 9 plus the ceiling 13 plus 5-10 cm The two ends are inclined edges of the vertical adduction outer sheet and have a steel plate ginseng edge of 5-10 mm on the inner side.
    9 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于：特制的套装大模板承重梁模（115）是一个通过张紧拉杆（121）的作用可张合的机械式梁模,分为主梁模（115）和挑梁模（124）,在主梁模（115）的一头设有斜边接头（116、119）以便于拆模,并可设计成工艺花形梁模。9 The construction method of a permanent house according to claim 1, characterized in that the special set large formwork load beam model (115) is a mechanical beam which can be stretched by the action of the tensioning rod (121). The mold is divided into a main beam mold (115) and a pick beam mold (124), and a bevel joint (116, 119) is provided at one end of the main beam mold (115) to facilitate demoulding, and can be designed as a process flower beam mold. .
    10 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于：特制的套装大模板顶棚模板（136）长宽以开间和进深为基准分为四块,边沿以斜切边和钢板参压边参压槽精密对接,用插销（39）销固,并可设计成工艺花形模板,挑檐模板（133）分为两块,以斜切边和钢板参压边参压槽精密对接,并可设计成工艺花形模板,并有辅助模板（131）配套安装。10 The method for constructing a permanent house according to claim 1, characterized in that the special set large template ceiling formwork (136) is divided into four pieces according to the opening and the depth, and the edges are chamfered and The steel plate ginseng pressure ginseng groove is precision butt jointed, pinned with bolt (39), and can be designed into a process flower template. The plaque template (133) is divided into two pieces, with oblique cutting edge and steel plate squeezing side ginseng groove precision. Docking, and can be designed as a craft flower template, and has an auxiliary template (131) for installation.
    11 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于：特制的套装大模板工艺围栏模板分为工艺围栏外模板（140）和工艺围栏内模板（141）,并可设计成任意造型 。11 The method for constructing a permanent house according to claim 1, characterized in that the special set large template process fence template is divided into a process fence outer template (140) and a craft fence inner template (141), and can be designed. In any shape .
    12 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于：特制的套装大模板女儿墙模板分为 女儿墙外模板（147）、女儿墙挑檐（148）、女儿墙内模板（149）、 其中女儿墙外模板（147）和女儿墙挑檐（148）以插销和拉紧搬手组装而成,接口为斜切边,女儿墙外模板（147）可以设计成工艺花形模板 。12 . The construction method of a permanent house according to claim 1 , wherein the special set large template daughter wall template is divided into two. Daughter's wall template (147), daughter wall provocation (148), daughter wall template (149), Among them, the daughter wall template (147) and the daughter wall plaque (148) are assembled by bolts and tensioning, the interface is chamfered, and the parapet template (147) can be designed as a craft flower template. .
    13 、根据权利要求1所述的一种永久性住房的建筑方法，其特征在于:特制的套装大模板坡棚模板（160）以开间和斜坡的长度为基准设计为两块,从中间纵向斜切,并以钢板参压边参压槽和插销（39）紧密对接,周边用插销（39）和坡梁模（156、159）及坡梁模板（153）销固,并可以设计成工艺花形模板。13 The method for constructing a permanent house according to claim 1, characterized in that the special set large template slab formwork (160) is designed as two bases based on the length of the opening and the slope, and is longitudinally chamfered from the middle. And the steel plate ginseng pressure groove and the bolt (39) are closely butt jointed, the peripheral bolt (39) and the slope beam mold (156, 159) and the slope beam template (153) are fixed, and can be designed into a craft flower template. .
PCT/CN2011/075906 2010-06-19 2011-06-18 Method for constructing permanent dwelling WO2011157228A1 (en)

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CN103835503A (en) * 2014-02-28 2014-06-04 中天建设集团有限公司 NALC novel wall construction process
FR3006700A1 (en) * 2013-06-06 2014-12-12 Sn Schoonberg Tp METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING BANCH WALLS USING REUSABLE FORMWORK AND REINFORCING REINFORCEMENT
FR3006701A1 (en) * 2013-06-06 2014-12-12 Sn Schoonberg Tp METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING BANCH WALLS USING A REUSABLE FORMWORK AND COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE ADJUSTED FRAME
US20190257094A1 (en) * 2016-06-24 2019-08-22 Southeast University Building based on large-space structure and freestanding external envelope as well as construction method
CN114837406A (en) * 2022-06-14 2022-08-02 张雯雯 Detachable internal corner building template

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CN114837406A (en) * 2022-06-14 2022-08-02 张雯雯 Detachable internal corner building template

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