WO2013081052A1 - 有機エレクトロニクス材料、インク組成物、及び有機エレクトロニクス素子 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロニクス材料、インク組成物、及び有機エレクトロニクス素子 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005003 perfluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005005 perfluorohexyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M picolinate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003967 siloles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SURWZXDYYLMDQT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F SURWZXDYYLMDQT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003553 thiiranes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005031 thiocyano group Chemical group S(C#N)* 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/01—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C211/02—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C211/03—Monoamines
- C07C211/07—Monoamines containing one, two or three alkyl groups, each having the same number of carbon atoms in excess of three
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/01—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C211/26—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C211/27—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring having amino groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring by saturated carbon chains
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/33—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C211/34—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of a saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C211/35—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of a saturated carbon skeleton containing only non-condensed rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
- C07C309/28—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C309/39—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton containing halogen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C317/00—Sulfones; Sulfoxides
- C07C317/02—Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C317/04—Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/02—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
- H10K50/155—Hole transporting layers comprising dopants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass and not covered by groups H10K10/80, H10K30/80, H10K50/80 or H10K59/80
- H10K77/10—Substrates, e.g. flexible substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/311—Flexible OLED
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
- H10K50/171—Electron injection layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
- H10K71/13—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electronics material, an ink composition, an organic electronics element, and an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an organic EL element).
- Organic electronics elements are elements that perform electrical operations using organic substances, and are expected to exhibit features such as energy saving, low cost, and flexibility, and are attracting attention as a technology that can replace conventional inorganic semiconductors based on silicon. ing.
- organic electronics elements include organic EL elements, organic photoelectric conversion elements, and organic transistors.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a composition comprising an ionic compound and a charge transporting compound as the charge transport film composition.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a multilayered organic EL element.
- the layer responsible for light emission is described as the light emitting layer 1
- the layer in contact with the anode 2 is described as the hole injection layer 3
- the layer in contact with the cathode 4 is described as the electron injection layer 5.
- the layer in contact with the cathode 4 is described as the electron injection layer 5.
- a hole transport layer 6 when a different layer exists between the light emitting layer 1 and the hole injection layer 3, it is described as a hole transport layer 6, and when a different layer exists between the light emitting layer 1 and the electron injection layer 5, an electron transport is described. It is described as layer 7.
- reference numeral 8 denotes a substrate.
- low molecular organic EL elements are formed by vapor deposition, multilayering can be easily achieved by performing vapor deposition while sequentially changing the compounds to be used.
- a polymer type organic EL element forms a film using a wet process such as printing or inkjet, there arises a problem that the lower layer dissolves when the upper layer is applied. For this reason, it is difficult to make a polymer organic EL element multi-layered as compared to a low molecular organic EL element, and it has not been possible to obtain an effect of improving luminous efficiency and life.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an element having a three-layer structure in which a layer called an interlayer is introduced on PEDOT: PSS.
- the present invention produces an organic electronic device having high thermal stability, excellent storage stability when used as an ink composition, and capable of reducing driving voltage and stable driving for a long time with high yield.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electronic material that can be used, and an ink composition containing the organic electronic material. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide an organic electronics element and an organic EL element having a layer having a better charge transport property than conventional ones.
- the present inventors have found that the material of the present invention combining an ionic compound having a specific structure and a compound having a charge transporting unit can solve some of the above problems.
- the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is characterized by the following items ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11>.
- An organic electronic material containing at least an ionic compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a compound having a charge transporting unit (hereinafter referred to as a charge transporting compound).
- R a to R c each independently represent a hydrogen atom (H), an alkyl group, or a benzyl group, and N is not bonded to an aryl group.
- A represents an anion.
- Y 1 to Y 6 are each independently a divalent linking group, and R 1 to R 16 are each independently an electron-withdrawing organic substituent (these structures Further, it may have a substituent or a hetero atom, and R 2 and R 3 , R 4 to R 6 , R 7 to R 10 or R 11 to R 16 are bonded to each other to form a ring or a polymer.
- E 1 represents an oxygen atom
- E 2 represents a nitrogen atom
- E 3 represents a carbon atom
- E 4 represents a boron atom or a gallium atom
- E 5 represents a phosphorus atom or an antimony atom.
- ⁇ 4> The organic electronic material according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the charge transporting compound is a polymer or an oligomer.
- ⁇ 5> The organic electronic material according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the charge transporting compound has one or more polymerizable substituents.
- An ink composition comprising the organic electronic material according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6> and a solvent.
- An organic electronic device comprising a layer formed by a coating method using the organic electronic material according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6> or the ink composition according to ⁇ 7>.
- the organic electronics which can produce the organic electronics element which has high thermal stability, is excellent in storage stability when used as an ink composition, and can reduce the driving voltage and can stably drive for a long time with a high yield.
- Materials and ink compositions comprising the organic electronics materials can be provided.
- the organic electronics element and organic EL element which have a layer excellent in charge transport property compared with the past can be provided.
- Organic electronic material of the present invention is characterized by containing at least an ionic compound represented by the following general formula (1) and a compound having a charge transporting unit (hereinafter referred to as a charge transporting compound).
- R a to R c each independently represent a hydrogen atom (H), an alkyl group, or a benzyl group, and N is not bonded to an aryl group.
- A represents an anion.
- N in the general formula (1) binds to a hydrogen atom (H), an alkyl group, or a benzyl group and does not bind to an aryl group.
- H hydrogen atom
- benzyl group does not bind to an aryl group.
- stability by heat and light is improved.
- the stability of the ink composition containing the compound having the charge transporting unit and the solvent is improved.
- the ionic compound can be used as a polymerization initiator, and a laminated element using a coating method can be produced by combining with a compound having a polymerizable substituent.
- a film formed using the ink composition containing the ionic compound has a high charge transport capability and is useful for organic electronics.
- R a to R c may be the same or different.
- R a to R c may be linked to form a ring.
- the alkyl group in the general formula (1) may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may have a substituent, and usually has about 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include methyl Group, ethyl group, propyl group, i-propyl group, butyl group, i-butyl group, t-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, nonyl group, decyl Group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, isotridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, hexadecyl group, isohexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, nonadecyl group, icosyl group, 3,
- R a ⁇ R c is an alkyl group or a benzyl group, at least two alkyl group or a benzyl group R a ⁇ R c It is more desirable that R a to R c are all alkyl groups or benzyl groups. In order to improve the thermal stability, it is preferable that all of R a to R c are alkyl groups. In order to improve low-temperature curability as an initiator, it is desirable that at least one of R a to R c is a benzyl group.
- the total number of carbon atoms of R a to R c is preferably 6 or more, more preferably 9 or more, and most preferably 12 or more.
- A is not particularly limited as long as it is a conventionally known anion, but the anions represented by the following general formulas (1b) to (5b) can reduce driving voltage and can be driven stably for a long time It is preferable in manufacturing a simple organic electronics element, particularly an organic EL element.
- Y 1 to Y 6 are each independently a divalent linking group, and R 1 to R 16 are each independently an electron-withdrawing organic substituent (these structures Further, it may have a substituent or a hetero atom, and R 2 and R 3 , R 4 to R 6 , R 7 to R 10 or R 11 to R 16 are bonded to each other to form a ring or a polymer.
- E 1 represents an oxygen atom
- E 2 represents a nitrogen atom
- E 3 represents a carbon atom
- E 4 represents a boron atom or a gallium atom
- E 5 represents a phosphorus atom or an antimony atom.
- Examples of electron withdrawing organic substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom and bromine atom, cyano group, thiocyano group, nitro group, mesyl group and the like.
- Carbon number such as alkylsulfonyl group, arylsulfonyl group such as tosyl group, formyl group, acetyl group, benzoyl group, etc. is usually 1-12, preferably 6 or less, such as acyl group, methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, etc.
- a group obtained by substituting a part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the group having a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom such as fluorine among the organic groups For example, a linear, branched or cyclic perfluoroalkyl group, perfluoroalkylsulfonyl group, perfluoroaryl group, perfluoroalkyloxysulfonyl group, perfluoroarylsulfonyl group that may contain a heteroatom having 1 to 20 carbon atoms Group, perfluoroaryloxysulfonyl group, perfluoroacyl group, perfluoroalkoxycarbonyl group, perfluoroacyloxy group, perfluoroaryloxycarbonyl group, perfluoroalkenyl group, perfluoroalkynyl group, and the following structural formula group (1 ) But is limited to this Not intended to be.
- linear or branched perfluoroalkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cyclic perfluoroalkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and perfluoroaryl groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms are preferable.
- Y 1 to Y 6 in the above general formula represent a divalent linking group, and specifically, any one of the following general formulas (1c) to (11c) is preferable.
- R represents an arbitrary organic group (these structures may further have a substituent or a hetero atom).
- R in the general formulas (7c) to (11c) is each independently an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aromatic group, which may be substituted from the viewpoint of improving electron acceptability and solubility in a solvent. It is preferably a hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, more preferably an organic group having an electron-withdrawing substituent among the substituents.
- the group of the structural formula group (1) is Can be mentioned.
- the anion in the present invention preferably has a negative charge mainly on an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, carbon atom, boron atom or gallium atom, and is not particularly limited, but more preferably an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, carbon atom, boron Most preferred are those represented by the following general formulas (12c), (13c), (14c), and (15c).
- R F1 to R F10 are each independently an electron-withdrawing organic substituent (these structures may further have a substituent or a hetero atom, and R F1 to R F9 are bonded to each other). It may be cyclic or polymeric, and is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include groups represented by the structural formula group (1).
- charge transporting compound in the present invention will be described in detail.
- the charge transporting compound refers to a compound having a charge transporting unit.
- the “charge transporting unit” is an atomic group having the ability to transport holes or electrons, and details thereof will be described below.
- the charge transporting unit is not particularly limited as long as it has an ability to transport holes or electrons, and is preferably an amine having an aromatic ring, carbazole, or thiophene. Specific examples thereof include those described in International Publication No. 2011/132702. Of these, the following amine structures (1) to (14) are particularly preferred. The meanings of E, Ar, and X in the amine structures (1) to (14) below are described in detail in the above-mentioned publication, but are simply as shown below.
- E is independently —R 1 , —OR 2 , —SR 3 , —OCOR 4 , —COOR 5 , —SiR 6 R 7 R 8 (wherein R 1 to R 8 are a hydrogen atom and have 1 to 22 carbon atoms)
- R 1 to R 8 are a hydrogen atom and have 1 to 22 carbon atoms
- Each represents a straight-chain, cyclic or branched alkyl group, or an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, etc.
- Ar is independently an arylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or Represents a heteroarylene group.
- the arylene group and heteroaryl group may have a substituent.
- X and Z are each independently a divalent linking group, and are not particularly limited.
- a group obtained by further removing one hydrogen atom from a group having one or more hydrogen atoms in R is preferable.
- x represents an integer of 0-2.
- Y is the trivalent linking group, and represents a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a group having two or more hydrogen atoms in the R.
- charge transporting compound in the present invention may be a commercially available one, or one synthesized by a method known to those skilled in the art, and is not particularly limited.
- the charge transporting compound in the present invention may be a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound such as a polymer or an oligomer. From the viewpoint of solubility in an organic solvent, a polymer compound such as a polymer or an oligomer is preferable, and from the viewpoint of easy purification by sublimation or recrystallization, a low molecular compound is preferable.
- the charge transporting compound in the present invention is a polymer or oligomer
- a polymer or oligomer having a structure branched in three or more directions is preferable from the viewpoint of lowering the temperature for allowing sufficient polymerization reaction to proceed.
- this branched structure can raise the glass transition temperature of a polymer or an oligomer, and contributes also to the heat resistance improvement of a polymer or an oligomer.
- This branched structure is the same as the degree of polymerization relative to the main chain when the main chain has the highest degree of polymerization among the various chains in a polymer or oligomer molecule.
- the degree of polymerization represents the number of monomer units used in synthesizing a polymer or oligomer per molecule of the polymer or oligomer.
- the side chain is a chain that is different from the main chain of the polymer or oligomer and has at least one polymer unit, and the other side chain is regarded as a substituent instead of a side chain.
- a polymer or oligomer may be formed using a monomer having three or more polymerizable sites in one molecule, or after forming a linear polymer or oligomer, It may be formed by polymerizing each other, and is not particularly limited.
- any one of the structures represented by the following general formulas (1) to (10) is included as a starting unit for forming a branched structure in the polymer or oligomer.
- each Ar independently represents a divalent linking group, and represents an arylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a heteroarylene group.
- the arylene group excludes two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic hydrocarbon. And may have a substituent, such as phenylene, biphenyl-diyl, terphenyl-diyl, naphthalene-diyl, anthracene-diyl, tetracene-diyl, fluorene-diyl, phenanthrene-diyl, etc.
- a heteroarylene group is an atomic group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from an aromatic compound having a hetero atom, and may have a substituent, such as pyridine-diyl, pyrazine-diyl, quinoline-diyl.
- Y is preferably a divalent linking group represented by the following formula.
- each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- a heteroaryl group is a compound obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from an aromatic compound having a heteroatom. (It is an atomic group and may have a substituent.)
- the charge transporting compound in the present invention preferably has one or more “polymerizable substituents” in order to produce a laminated structure of an organic thin film by changing the solubility.
- the “polymerizable substituent” means a substituent capable of forming a bond between two or more molecules by causing a polymerization reaction, and details thereof will be described below.
- Examples of the polymerizable substituent include a group having a carbon-carbon multiple bond (for example, vinyl group, acetylene group, butenyl group, acrylic group, acrylate group, acrylamide group, methacryl group, methacrylate group, methacrylamide group, arene group).
- a group having a carbon-carbon multiple bond for example, vinyl group, acetylene group, butenyl group, acrylic group, acrylate group, acrylamide group, methacryl group, methacrylate group, methacrylamide group, arene group.
- combinations of groups capable of forming an ester bond or an amide bond can also be used. For example, a combination of an ester group and an amino group, an ester group and a hydroxyl group, or the like.
- an oxetane group, an epoxy group, a vinyl group, a vinyl ether group, an acrylate group, and a methacrylate group are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity, and an oxetane group is most preferable.
- the main chain of the polymer or oligomer and the polymerizable substituent are connected by an alkyl chain having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. preferable.
- the polymer or oligomer in the present invention is represented by the general formulas (1a) to (84a) described in the aforementioned International Publication No. 2011/132702 in order to adjust the solubility, heat resistance, and electrical characteristics.
- a copolymer having a structure represented by the following structural formula group (X) as the above-described arylene group or heteroarylene group as a copolymer repeating unit may be used.
- the copolymer may be a random, block or graft copolymer, or may be a polymer having an intermediate structure thereof, for example, a random copolymer having a block property.
- each R in the structural formula group (X) independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear, cyclic or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. .
- the charge transporting compound is a polymer or oligomer
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 or more and 1,000,000 or less from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent and film-forming property. More preferably, it is 2,000 or more and 900,000 or less, and further preferably 3,000 or more and 800,000 or less. If it is less than 1,000, the compound is easily crystallized, resulting in poor film-forming properties. On the other hand, if it is larger than 1,000,000, the solubility in a solvent is lowered, making it difficult to produce a coating solution or a coating ink.
- the organic electronic material of the present invention preferably contains a polymerization initiator in order to utilize the difference in solubility due to the polymerization reaction.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits the ability to polymerize a polymerizable substituent by application of heat, light, microwave, radiation, electron beam, and the like. Or it is preferable to start polymerization by heating.
- the ionic compound according to the present invention can be used alone as a polymerization initiator.
- a solution (ink composition) containing the organic electronics material of the present invention is used, for example, an inkjet method.
- Coating method, dipping method, letterpress printing, intaglio printing, offset printing, flat plate printing, letterpress inversion offset printing, screen printing, gravure printing, and other known methods such as spin coating, and coating on a desired substrate it can carry out by making the polymerization reaction of a polymer or an oligomer advance by light irradiation or heat treatment, and changing (curing) the solubility of the coating layer. By repeating such operations, it is possible to increase the number of polymer organic electronics elements and organic EL elements.
- the coating method as described above can usually be carried out in the temperature range of ⁇ 20 to + 300 ° C., preferably 10 to 100 ° C., particularly preferably 15 to 50 ° C.
- the solvent used in the solution is particularly Although there is no restriction
- a light source such as a low-pressure mercury lamp, a medium-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultrahigh-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a light-emitting diode, or sunlight can be used for the light irradiation.
- the heat treatment can be performed on a hot plate or in an oven, and can be performed at a temperature range of 0 to + 300 ° C., preferably 50 to 250 ° C., particularly preferably 80 to 200 ° C.
- the ink composition of the present invention is characterized by containing the organic electronic material of the present invention described above and a solvent, and other additives such as polymerization inhibitors, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents, A flame retardant, an antioxidant, a reduction inhibitor, an oxidant, a reducing agent, a surface modifier, an emulsifier, an antifoaming agent, a dispersant, a surfactant, and the like may be included.
- additives such as polymerization inhibitors, stabilizers, thickeners, gelling agents, A flame retardant, an antioxidant, a reduction inhibitor, an oxidant, a reducing agent, a surface modifier, an emulsifier, an antifoaming agent, a dispersant, a surfactant, and the like may be included.
- the solvent examples include water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol, alkanes such as pentane, hexane and octane, cyclic alkanes such as cyclohexane, aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, tetralin and diphenylmethane, ethylene Aliphatic ethers such as glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether acetate, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 1,3-dimethoxybenzene, anisole, phenetole, 2-methoxytoluene, 3-methoxytoluene , 4-methoxytoluene, 2,3-dimethylanisole, aromatic ethers such as 2,4-dimethylanisole, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate,
- Amide solvents others, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, chloroform, methylene chloride and the like can be mentioned, but preferably aromatic solvents, aliphatic esters, aromatic esters, aliphatic ethers, aromatic ethers can be used. .
- the content of the organic electronic material with respect to the solvent is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass from the viewpoint of being applicable to various coating processes.
- the organic electronics element of the present invention includes a layer formed by a coating method using the organic electronic material or the ink composition, and a layer obtained by polymerizing the formed layer and insolubilizing the layer.
- the organic electroluminescent element (organic EL element) of the present invention is a layer formed using the organic electronic material or the ink composition, and a layer obtained by polymerizing the formed layer and insolubilizing the layer. including.
- Each element includes an excellent layer formed using the organic electronic material of the present invention, has a driving voltage lower than that of the prior art, and has a long light emission lifetime.
- the EL element of the present invention will be described in detail below.
- the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it includes a light emitting layer, a polymerized layer, an anode, a cathode, and a substrate. Other elements such as a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer are used. It may have a layer.
- the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, or the light emitting layer is preferably a layer formed using the organic electronic material or ink composition of the present invention.
- each layer will be described in detail.
- the material used for the light emitting layer may be a low molecular compound, a polymer or an oligomer, and a dendrimer or the like can also be used.
- low molecular weight compounds that utilize fluorescence include perylene, coumarin, rubrene, quinacudrine, dye laser dyes (eg, rhodamine, DCM1, etc.), aluminum complexes (eg, Tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III) (Alq 3 )), Stilbene, and derivatives thereof.
- Polymers or oligomers that utilize fluorescence include polyfluorene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene (PPV), polyvinyl carbazole (PVK), fluorene-benzothiadiazole copolymer, fluorene-triphenylamine copolymer, and derivatives thereof And a mixture can be suitably used.
- phosphorescent organic EL devices have been actively developed in order to increase the efficiency of organic EL devices.
- the phosphorescent organic EL element not only singlet state energy but also triplet state energy can be used, and the internal quantum yield can be increased to 100% in principle.
- phosphorescence is emitted by doping a host material with a metal complex phosphorescent material containing a heavy metal such as platinum or iridium as a dopant that emits phosphorescence (MABaldo et al., Nature, vol. 395). , p. 151 (1998), MABaldo et al., Applied Physics Letters, vol.75, p.4 (1999), MABaldo et al., Nature, vol.403, p.750 (2000)). .
- a phosphorescent material for the light emitting layer from the viewpoint of high efficiency.
- a metal complex containing a central metal such as Ir or Pt can be preferably used.
- Ir complex for example, FIr (pic) that emits blue light [iridium (III) bis [(4,6-difluorophenyl) -pyridinate-N, C 2 ] picolinate], green light is emitted.
- Ir (ppy) 3 [Factris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium] (see MABaldo et al., Nature, vol. 403, p.
- Pt complex examples include 2,3,7,8,12,13,17, 18-octaethyl-21H, 23H-forminplatinum (PtOEP) that emits red light.
- PtOEP 23H-forminplatinum
- the phosphorescent material can be a small molecule or a dendrite species, such as an iridium nucleus dendrimer. Moreover, these derivatives can also be used conveniently.
- a host material is included in addition to the phosphorescent material.
- the host material may be a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound, and a dendrimer or the like can also be used.
- low molecular weight compound examples include CBP (4,4′-Bis (Carbazol-9-yl) -biphenyl), mCP (1,3-bis (9-carbazolyl) benzene), CDBP (4,4′-Bis).
- Carbazol-9-yl) -2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl and the like, for example, polyvinyl carbazole, polyphenylene, polyfluorene, etc. can be used as the polymer compound, and derivatives thereof can also be used.
- the light emitting layer may be formed by a vapor deposition method or a coating method.
- a solution containing a phosphorescent material and, if necessary, a host material is used, for example, an ink jet method, a casting method, a dipping method, a relief printing, an intaglio printing, an offset printing, a flat printing, a relief printing. It can be carried out by applying on a desired substrate by a known method such as a printing method such as reverse offset printing, screen printing or gravure printing, or spin coating method.
- the cathode material is preferably a metal or metal alloy such as Li, Ca, Mg, Al, In, Cs, Ba, Mg / Ag, LiF, and CsF.
- anode As the anode, a metal (for example, Au) or other material having metal conductivity, for example, an oxide (for example, ITO: indium oxide / tin oxide), a conductive polymer (for example, a polythiophene-polystyrene sulfonic acid mixture (for example, PEDOT: PSS)) can also be used.
- a metal for example, Au
- an oxide for example, ITO: indium oxide / tin oxide
- a conductive polymer for example, a polythiophene-polystyrene sulfonic acid mixture (for example, PEDOT: PSS)
- PEDOT polythiophene-polystyrene sulfonic acid mixture
- Electrode transport layer electron injection layer
- the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer include phenanthroline derivatives (for example, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP)), bipyridine derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives.
- Thiopyran dioxide derivatives such as naphthaleneperylene, carbodiimide, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives (2- (4-Biphenylyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PBD)), aluminum complexes (for example, Tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (III) (Alq 3 )) and the like.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, or a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can be used.
- the kind of glass, plastic and the like is not particularly limited, and is not particularly limited as long as it is transparent, but glass, quartz, light transmissive A resin film or the like is preferably used.
- a resin film flexible substrate
- the resin film examples include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), and cellulose triacetate.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- CAP cellulose acetate propionate
- the resin film may be coated with an inorganic substance such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride in order to suppress permeation of water vapor or oxygen.
- the emission color in the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the white light-emitting device is preferable because it can be used for various lighting devices such as home lighting, interior lighting, clocks, and liquid crystal backlights.
- a plurality of light emitting colors can be simultaneously emitted and mixed using a plurality of light emitting materials.
- White luminescence is obtained.
- a combination of a plurality of emission colors is not particularly limited. However, a combination of three emission maximum wavelengths of blue, green, and red, a complementary color relationship such as blue and yellow, yellow green and orange is used. The thing containing two light emission maximum wavelengths is mentioned. The emission color can be controlled by adjusting the type and amount of the phosphorescent material.
- the display element of the present invention is characterized by including the above-described organic EL element of the present invention.
- a color display element can be obtained by using the organic EL element of the present invention as an element corresponding to each pixel of red, green, and blue (RGB).
- Image formation includes a simple matrix type in which individual organic EL elements arranged in a panel are directly driven by electrodes arranged in a matrix, and an active matrix type in which thin film transistors are arranged and driven in each element.
- the former is simple in structure but has a limit on the number of vertical pixels and is used for displaying characters.
- the latter is used for high-quality displays because the drive voltage is low and the current is small, and a bright high-definition image is obtained.
- the lighting device of the present invention is characterized by including the organic EL element of the present invention described above. Furthermore, the display device of the present invention is characterized by including a lighting device and a liquid crystal element as a display means.
- the illumination device of the present invention described above may be used as a backlight (white light source), and a display device using a liquid crystal element as a display unit, that is, a liquid crystal display device may be used.
- This configuration is a configuration in which only the backlight is replaced with the illumination device of the present invention in a known liquid crystal display device, and a known technique can be diverted to the liquid crystal element portion.
- Example 1 Evaluation of curability
- Polymer 1 (5.0 mg) and ionic compound 1 (0.15 mg) were dissolved in a chlorobenzene solution (1000 ⁇ l) to prepare an ink composition.
- This ink composition was spin-coated on a quartz plate at 3000 rpm.
- the polymerization reaction was performed by heating at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes on a hot plate. After heating, the quartz plate was immersed in toluene for 1 minute for cleaning.
- the residual film ratio was measured from the ratio of absorbance (Abs) of the absorption maximum ( ⁇ max) in the UV-vis spectrum before and after washing. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- an evaluation element was produced as follows. ⁇ Production of charge transportability evaluation element> A mixed solution of polymer 1 (100 mg), the ionic compound 1 (3.0 mg), and anisole (1.91 mL) was spin-coated at 3000 min ⁇ 1 on a glass substrate patterned with ITO to a width of 1.6 mm, and a hot plate A charge transport film (150 nm) was produced by heating at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes. Next, the obtained glass substrate was moved into a vacuum evaporation machine, and aluminum (film thickness 100 nm) was evaporated.
- the substrate After vapor deposition of aluminum, the substrate is moved into a dry nitrogen environment without opening to the atmosphere, and the sealing glass and ITO substrate in which 0.4 mm of counterbore is put into 0.7 mm non-alkali glass are used as a photocurable epoxy resin. Sealing was performed by laminating using, to produce a charge transporting evaluation element.
- a voltage was applied using ITO as a positive electrode and aluminum as a cathode of these charge transportability evaluation elements.
- Table 1 shows the applied voltage at 50 mA / cm 2 energization.
- Example 2 In Example 1, except that the ionic compound 1 was changed to the ionic compounds 2 to 10, an ink composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the curability, ink stability, and charge transport property were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 In Example 1, except that the ionic compound 1 was changed to the following ionic compound, an ink composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the curability, ink stability, and charge transportability were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 In Example 1, except that the ionic compound 1 was changed to the following ionic compound, an ink composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the curability, ink stability, and charge transportability were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 an ink composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ionic compound 1 was not added, and the curability, ink stability, and charge transport property were evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 (Preparation of organic EL element 1) A coating solution in which the polymer 1 (10 mg) obtained above, the ionic compound 1 (0.3 mg), and chlorobenzene (1000 ⁇ l) were mixed on a glass substrate patterned with ITO to a width of 1.6 mm was spun at 3000 min ⁇ 1 . After coating, it was cured by heating on a hot plate at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a hole injection layer (30 nm).
- the obtained glass substrate was transferred into a vacuum vapor deposition machine, ⁇ NPD (40 nm), ( ⁇ NPD + Ir (piq) 3 (5: 1, 20 nm), BAlq (10 nm), Alq 3 (40 nm), LiF (film thickness 0). .5 nm) and Al (film thickness 100 nm) in this order.
- the substrate is moved into a dry nitrogen environment without opening to the atmosphere, and the sealing glass and ITO substrate in which 0.4 mm of counterbore is added to 0.7 mm non-alkali glass are coated with a photocurable epoxy resin. Sealing was performed by using them together to produce a polymer organic EL device having a multilayer structure.
- the luminance was measured with Topcon BM-7 while applying a constant current, and the time for the luminance to halve from the initial luminance (3000 cd / m 2 ) was measured and found to be 420 hours.
- Example 4 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the ionic compound 1 was changed to the ionic compound used in Comparative Example 1. Red light emission was observed at 6.2 V, and the current efficiency at a luminance of 1000 cd / m 2 was 1.1 cd / A. In addition, as a lifetime characteristic, luminance was measured with Topcon BM-7 while applying a constant current, and the time for the luminance to halve from the initial luminance (3000 cd / m 2 ) was measured and found to be 6 hours.
- Example 9 (Preparation of organic EL element 2) A coating solution in which the polymer 1 (10 mg) obtained above, the ionic compound 10 (0.3 mg), and toluene (1000 ⁇ l) were mixed on a glass substrate patterned with ITO to a width of 1.6 mm was spun at 3000 min ⁇ 1 . After coating, it was cured by heating on a hot plate at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a hole injection layer (30 nm). Next, the obtained glass substrate was transferred into a vacuum evaporation machine, ⁇ NPD (50 nm), CBP + Ir (ppy) 3 (100: 6, 30 nm), BAlq (10 nm), Alq 3 (30 nm), LiF (film thickness 0.
- the substrate is moved into a dry nitrogen environment without opening to the atmosphere, and the sealing glass and ITO substrate in which 0.4 mm of counterbore is added to 0.7 mm non-alkali glass are coated with a photocurable epoxy resin. Sealing was performed by using them together to produce a polymer organic EL device having a multilayer structure. Subsequent experiments were performed in the atmosphere at room temperature (25 ° C.).
- Table 2 shows that the ionic compound used for the organic electronic material of the present invention is excellent in heat resistance. By improving the thermal stability, it is expected that deterioration of the material due to baking and damage to the manufacturing apparatus due to volatiles will be suppressed, and high-performance organic EL elements can be manufactured with high yield.
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Abstract
Description
近年、有機EL素子の発光効率・寿命を改善する目的で、電荷輸送性の化合物に電子受容性化合物を混合して用いる試みがなされている。
例えば、特許文献1には、電荷輸送膜用組成物として、イオン化合物と電荷輸送性化合物からなる組成物が開示されている。
さらに、本発明は、従来よりも電荷輸送性に優れた層を有する有機エレクトロニクス素子及び有機EL素子を提供することを目的とするものである。
すなわち、本発明は、下記<1>~<11>の事項をその特徴とするものである。
また、本発明によれば、従来よりも電荷輸送性に優れた層を有する有機エレクトロニクス素子及び有機EL素子を提供することができる。
本発明の有機エレクトロニクス材料は、下記一般式(1)で表されるイオン化合物と、電荷輸送性ユニットを有する化合物(以下、電荷輸送性化合物と呼ぶ)とを少なくとも含有することを特徴としている。
熱安定性を向上させるためには、Ra~Rcのすべてがアルキル基であることが好ましい。開始剤として低温硬化性を向上させるためには、Ra~Rcの少なくとも1つがベンジル基であることが望ましい。
アルカンや芳香族溶媒に溶解させる場合、溶解性を向上させる観点からRa~Rcの全炭素数は6以上が好ましく、9以上が更に好ましく、12以上がもっとも好ましい。
本発明における「電荷輸送性化合物」について詳細に述べる。本発明において電荷輸送性化合物とは、電荷輸送性ユニットを有する化合物を言う。本発明において「電荷輸送性ユニット」とは、正孔または電子を輸送する能力を有した原子団であり、以下、その詳細について述べる。
Eはそれぞれ独立に-R1、-OR2、-SR3、-OCOR4、-COOR5、-SiR6R7R8(ただし、R1~R8は、水素原子、炭素数1~22個の直鎖、環状もしくは分岐アルキル基、または炭素数2~30個のアリール基もしくはヘテロアリール基を表す。)等を表し、Arは、それぞれ独立に炭素数2~30個のアリーレン基、もしくはヘテロアリーレン基を表す。アリーレン基及びヘテロアリール基は置換基を有していてもよい。XおよびZはそれぞれ独立に二価の連結基で、特に制限はないが、前記Rのうち水素原子を1つ以上有する基から、さらに1つの水素原子を除去した基等が好ましい。xは0~2の整数を表す。Yは前記三価の連結基であり、前記Rのうち、水素原子を2つ以上有する基から2つの水素原子を除去した基を表す。
また、本発明に係るイオン化合物は単独で重合開始剤として用いることができる。
本発明のインク組成物は、既述の本発明の有機エレクトロニクス材料と溶媒とを含むことを特徴としており、その他の添加剤、例えば重合禁止剤、安定剤、増粘剤、ゲル化剤、難燃剤、酸化防止剤、還元防止剤、酸化剤、還元剤、表面改質剤、乳化剤、消泡剤、分散剤、界面活性剤などを含んでいてもよい。前記溶媒としては、水やメタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール等のアルコール、ペンタン、ヘキサン、オクタン等のアルカン、シクロヘキサン等の環状アルカン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、テトラリン、ジフェニルメタン等の芳香族溶媒、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコール-1-モノメチルエーテルアセタート等の脂肪族エーテル、1,2-ジメトキシベンゼン、1,3-ジメトキシベンゼン、アニソール、フェネトール、2-メトキシトルエン、3-メトキシトルエン、4-メトキシトルエン、2,3-ジメチルアニソール、2,4-ジメチルアニソール等の芳香族エーテル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸n-ブチル等の脂肪族エステル、酢酸フェニル、プロピオン酸フェニル、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸プロピル、安息香酸n-ブチル等の芳香族エステル、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド系溶媒、その他、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトン、クロロホルム、塩化メチレンなどが挙げられるが、好ましくは芳香族溶媒、脂肪族エステル、芳香族エステル、脂肪族エーテル、芳香族エーテルを使用することができる。
本発明のインク組成物において、溶媒に対する有機エレクトロニクス材料の含有量は、種々の塗布プロセスに適用できる観点から0.1~30質量%とすることが好ましい。
本発明の有機エレクトロニクス素子は、上記有機エレクトロニクス材料又は上記インク組成物を用いて塗布法で成膜された層、さらには当該成膜した層を重合させて不溶化した層を含む。
同様に、本発明の有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子(有機EL素子)は、上記有機エレクトロニクス材料又は上記インク組成物を用いて成膜された層、さらには当該成膜した層を重合させて不溶化した層を含む。
いずれの素子も、本発明の有機エレクトロニクス材料を用いて形成された優れた層を含み、従来よりも駆動電圧が低く、長い発光寿命を有する。
以下に、本発明のEL素子について詳述する。
本発明の有機EL素子は、発光層、重合層、陽極、陰極、基板を備えていれば特に限定されず、正孔注入層、電子注入層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層などの他の層を有していてもよい。また、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、又は発光層を、本発明の有機エレクトロニクス材料又はインク組成物を用いて形成された層とすることが好ましい。
以下、各層について詳細に説明する。
発光層に用いる材料としては、低分子化合物であっても、ポリマーまたはオリゴマーであってもよく、デンドリマー等も使用可能である。蛍光発光を利用する低分子化合物としては、ペリレン、クマリン、ルブレン、キナクドリン、色素レーザー用色素(例えば、ローダミン、DCM1等)、アルミニウム錯体(例えば、Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum(III)(Alq3))、スチルベン、これらの誘導体があげられる。蛍光発光を利用するポリマーまたはオリゴマーとしては、ポリフルオレン、ポリフェニレン、ポリフェニレンビニレン(PPV)、ポリビニルカルバゾール(PVK)、フルオレンーベンゾチアジアゾール共重合体、フルオレン-トリフェニルアミン共重合体、及びこれらの誘導体や混合物が好適に利用できる。
燐光材料は、低分子又はデンドライド種、例えば、イリジウム核デンドリマーが使用され得る。またこれらの誘導体も好適に使用できる。
ホスト材料としては、低分子化合物であっても、高分子化合物であってもよく、デンドリマーなども使用できる。
塗布法により形成する場合、有機EL素子を安価に製造することができ、より好ましい。発光層を塗布法によって形成するには、燐光材料と、必要に応じてホスト材料を含む溶液を、例えば、インクジェット法、キャスト法、浸漬法、凸版印刷、凹版印刷、オフセット印刷、平板印刷、凸版反転オフセット印刷、スクリーン印刷、グラビア印刷等の印刷法、スピンコーティング法などの公知の方法で所望の基体上に塗布することで行うことができる。
陰極材料としては、例えば、Li、Ca、Mg、Al、In、Cs、Ba、Mg/Ag、LiF、CsF等の金属又は金属合金であることが好ましい。
陽極としては、金属(例えば、Au)又は金属導電率を有する他の材料、例えば、酸化物(例えば、ITO:酸化インジウム/酸化錫)、導電性高分子(例えば、ポリチオフェン-ポリスチレンスルホン酸混合物(PEDOT:PSS))を使用することもできる。
電子輸送層、電子注入層としては、例えば、フェナントロリン誘導体(例えば、2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(BCP))、ビピリジン誘導体、ニトロ置換フルオレン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、チオピランジオキシド誘導体、ナフタレンペリレンなどの複素環テトラカルボン酸無水物、カルボジイミド、フレオレニリデンメタン誘導体、アントラキノジメタン及びアントロン誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体(2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PBD))、アルミニウム錯体(例えば、Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum(III)(Alq3))などが挙げられる。さらに、上記オキサジアゾール誘導体において、オキサジアゾール環の酸素原子を硫黄原子に置換したチアジアゾール誘導体、電子吸引基として知られているキノキサリン環を有するキノキサリン誘導体も用いることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子に用いることができる基板として、ガラス、プラスチック等の種類は特に限定されることはなく、また、透明のものであれば特に制限は無いが、ガラス、石英、光透過性樹脂フィルム等が好ましく用いられる。樹脂フィルム(フレキシブル基板)を用いた場合には、有機EL素子にフレキシブル性を与えることが可能であり、特に好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子における発光色は特に限定されるものではないが、白色発光素子は家庭用照明、車内照明、時計や液晶のバックライト等の各種照明器具に用いることができるため好ましい。
本発明の表示素子は、既述の本発明の有機EL素子を備えたことを特徴としている。
例えば、赤・緑・青(RGB)の各画素に対応する素子として、本発明の有機EL素子を用いることで、カラーの表示素子が得られる。
画像の形成には、マトリックス状に配置した電極でパネルに配列された個々の有機EL素子を直接駆動する単純マトリックス型と、各素子に薄膜トランジスタを配置して駆動するアクティブマトリックス型とがある。前者は、構造は単純ではあるが垂直画素数に限界があるため文字などの表示に用いる。後者は、駆動電圧は低く電流が少なくてすみ、明るい高精細画像が得られるので、高品位のディスプレイ用として用いられる。
N,N-Dicyclohexylmethylamine(I)4.87g(24.9mmol)に臭化水素酸(48%)4.25gを加え、振り混ぜたところ白色結晶が沈殿してきた。終夜放置後、アセトンを少量加え、結晶を濾取し、アセトンで洗浄、乾燥して白色結晶5.9g(反応収率86%)を得た。プロトンNMRでチェックしたところ、N,N-Dicyclohexylmethylamine(I)は消滅しており、N,N-Dicyclohexylmethylammonium bomide(II)が生成していることが確認された。ついで、(II)1.38g(5.0mmol)とSodium tetrakis(pentaphenyl)borate(10%aq.) 35.2g(5.0mmol)を混合し、撹拌したところ白色沈殿物が分離した。終夜放置後、濾取し、水洗、乾燥して白色の固体物を得た(収量4.0g/反応収率90%)。
以上の反応の反応式を以下に示す。
N,N-Dicyclohexylmethylammonium bomide(II)1.38g(5.0mmol)とSodium pentafluorobenzensulfonate 1.35g(5.0mmol)をアセトンと混合し、撹拌した。白色沈殿物が分離したので終夜放置後、濾別し、濾液部の溶媒を溜去し半固体状物を得た。これにアセトンを少量加えアセトン難溶物を分離する操作を3回繰り返した。これにより、白色固体物(NaBrが主成分)を除き淡黄色の油状物を得た(これは放置することによって結晶化した)(収量1.33g/反応収率60%)。
以上の反応の反応式を以下に示す。
N,N-Dicyclohexylmethylammonium bomide(II)1.38g(5.0mmol)と、Cesium tris(trifuloromethanesulfonyl)methide 2.72g(5.0mmol)をアセトンと混合し、撹拌した。白色沈殿物が分離したので終夜放置後、濾別し、濾液部の溶媒を溜去し半固体状物を得た。これにアセトンを少量加えアセトン難溶物を分離する操作を3回繰り返した。これにより、白色固体物(CsBrが主成分)を除き淡黄色の油状物を得た(収量2.43g/反応収率 80%)。
以上の反応の反応式を以下に示す。
Triamylamine(I)4.54g(20.0mmol)に臭化水素酸(48%)3.4gを加え、振り混ぜたところ二層に分離した。終夜放置後も様子は変わらず、油状物のままであった。上層油状物をプロトンNMRでチェックしたところ、Triamylamine(I)は消滅しており、Triamylammonium bomide(II)が生成していることが確認された。ついで、(II)1.03g(3.3mmol)とSodium tetrakis(pentaphenyl)borate(10% aq.) 23.5g(3.3mmol)を混合し、撹拌したところ白色沈殿物が分離した。終夜放置後、濾取し、水洗、乾燥して白色の固体物を得た(収量2.6g/反応収率87%)。
Tris(2-ethylhexyl)amine(I) 1.17g(3.3mmol)の少量のアセトン溶液に臭化水素酸(48%) 0.56gを混合し1時間放置後減圧でアセトンを除去したところ、若干着色した油状物(II)が得られた。ついで、上記(II)とSodium tetrakis(pentaphenyl)borate(10% aq.) 23.1g(3.3mol)を混合し、室温で3時間撹拌した。油状物を酢酸エチルで抽出し、水洗、乾燥し、溶剤を減圧で溜去して淡桃色を帯びた油状物を得た(収量3.3g/反応収率97%)。
Dibutylamine(I) 0.43g(3.3mmol)の少量のアセトン溶液に臭化水素酸(48%) 0.56gを混合し1時間放置置後減圧でアセトンを除去したところ、ほとんど白色の固体物(II)が得られた。ついで、上記(II)とSodium tetrakis(pentaphenyl)borate(10% aq.) 23.1g(3.3mol)を混合し、室温で3時間撹拌した。沈殿物が生じるのでこれを減圧濾取、水洗、乾燥し、若干淡黄色を帯びた固体物を得た。これをトルエンに溶解し、水洗、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥して溶剤を減圧溜去して帯淡黄色の固体物を得た(収量2.3g/反応収率85%)。
N-Ethyl-N-methylbenzylamine(I) 0.50g(3.3mmol)に臭化水素酸(48%) 0.56gを混合し、少量のアセトンを加えて均一溶液とし終夜放置後減圧でアセトンを除去したところ、淡黄色の油状物(II)が得られた。ついで、上記(II)とSodium tetrakis(pentaphenyl)borate(10% aq.) 23.1g(3.3mol)を混合し、65℃で3時間撹拌した。白色沈殿物が生じるのでこれを減圧濾過、水洗、乾燥しほとんど白色の固体物を得た。これをトルエンに溶解し、水洗、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥して溶剤を減圧溜去し帯淡黄色の固体物を得た(収量2.3g/反応収率85%)。
N,N-Dimethyl-n-decylamine(I) 5.56g(30mmol)にアセトン 75gと純水 15gを加え撹拌し均一溶液とした後、10%塩化水素水溶液 11gをゆっくりと滴下し、滴下終了後1時間撹拌した。この溶液から溶剤を減圧溜去し、白色固体(II)が得られた。ついで、上記(II)とSodium tetrakis(pentaphenyl)borate(10% aq.) 232.5g(33mmol)を混合し、1時間撹拌した。白色沈殿物が生じるのでこれを5回水洗し、減圧濾過、水洗、乾燥しほとんど白色の固体物を得た。これをメタノールに溶解し、純水に再沈殿させ、メタノールを減圧溜去した。減圧濾過後、減圧乾燥し白色の固体物を得た(収量21.3g/反応収率82%)。
N,N-Dimethyl-n-tetradecylamine(I) 7.24g(30mmol)にアセトン 75gと純水 15gを加え撹拌し均一溶液とした後、10%塩化水素水溶液 11gをゆっくりと滴下し、滴下終了後1時間撹拌した。この溶液から溶剤を減圧溜去し、白色固体(II)が得られた。ついで、上記(II)とSodium tetrakis(pentaphenyl)borate(10% aq.) 232.5g(33mmol)を混合し、1時間撹拌した。白色沈殿物が生じるのでこれを5回水洗し、減圧濾過、水洗、乾燥しほとんど白色の固体物を得た。これをメタノールに溶解し、純水に再沈殿させ、メタノールを減圧溜去した。減圧濾過後、減圧乾燥し白色の固体物を得た(収量24.3g/反応収率88%)。
N,N-Dimethyl-n-octadecylamine(I) 8.92g(30mmol)にアセトン 75gと純水 15gを加え撹拌し均一溶液とした後、10%塩化水素水溶液 11gをゆっくりと滴下し、滴下終了後1時間撹拌した。この溶液から溶剤を減圧溜去し、白色固体(II)が得られた。ついで、上記(II)とSodium tetrakis(pentaphenyl)borate(10% aq.) 232.5g(33mmol)を混合し、1時間撹拌した。白色沈殿物が生じるのでこれを5回水洗し、減圧濾過、水洗、乾燥しほとんど白色の固体物を得た。これをメタノールに溶解し、純水に再沈殿させ、メタノールを減圧溜去した。減圧濾過後、減圧乾燥し白色の固体物を得た(収量25.2g/反応収率86%)。
[Pd触媒の調製]
窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、室温下、サンプル管にトリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(73.2mg、80μmol)を秤取り、アニソール(15ml)を加え、30分間攪拌した。同様に、サンプル管にトリス(t-ブチル)ホスフィン(129.6mg、640μmol)を秤取り、アニソール(5ml)を加え、5分間攪拌した。これらの溶液を混合し室温で30分間攪拌し触媒とした。
三口丸底フラスコに、下記モノマー1(4.0mmol)、下記モノマー2(5.0mmol)、下記モノマー3(2.0mmol)、アニソール(20ml)を加え、さらに調製したPd触媒溶液(7.5ml)を加えた。30分撹拌した後、10%テトラエチルアンモニウム水酸化物水溶液(20ml)を加えた。すべての溶媒は30分以上窒素バブルにより脱気した後、使用した。この混合物を2時間加熱・還流した。ここまでの全ての操作は窒素気流下で行った。
反応終了後、有機層を水洗し、有機層をメタノール-水(9:1)に注いだ。生じた沈殿を吸引ろ過し、メタノール-水(9:1)で洗浄した。得られた沈殿をトルエンに溶解し、メタノールから再沈殿した。得られた沈殿を吸引ろ過し、トルエンに溶解し、triphenylphosphine,polymer-bound on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer(strem chemicals社 、ポリマー100mgに対して200mg)を加えて、一晩撹拌した。撹拌終了後、triphenylphosphine,polymer-bound on styrene-divinylbenzene copolymerと不溶物をろ過して取り除き、ろ液をロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮した。残さをトルエンに溶解した後、メタノール-アセトン(8:3)から再沈殿した。生じた沈殿を吸引ろ過し、メタノール-アセトン(8:3)で洗浄した。得られた沈殿を真空乾燥し、ポリマー1を得た。分子量は、溶離液にTHFを用いたGPC(ポリスチレン換算)により測定した。得られたポリマー1の数平均分子量は7,800、重量平均分子量は31,000であった。
(硬化性の評価)
ポリマー1(5.0mg)とイオン化合物1(0.15mg)とをクロロベンゼン溶液(1000μl)に溶解し、インク組成物を調製した。このインク組成物を3000rpmで石英板上にスピンコートした。ついで、ホットプレート上で180℃で10分間加熱して重合反応を行った。加熱後にトルエンに石英板を1分間浸漬し、洗浄をおこなった。洗浄前後のUV-visスペクトルにおける吸収極大(λmax)の吸光度(Abs)の比から、残膜率を測定した。測定結果を表1に示す。
イエローランプ下で、ポリマー1(5.0mg)とイオン化合物1(0.5mg)をアニソール溶液(500μl)に溶解し、インク組成物を作製した。このインク組成物をイエローランプ下、25℃で5日間保存し、粘度変化を振動式粘度計、色変化を目視で評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
電荷輸送性を評価するに当たり、以下のように評価素子を作製した。
<電荷輸送性評価素子の作製>
ITOを1.6mm幅にパターニングしたガラス基板上に、ポリマー1(100mg)、前記イオン化合物1(3.0mg)、アニソール(1.91mL)の混合溶液を3000min-1でスピン塗布し、ホットプレート上で180℃、10分間加熱して電荷輸送膜(150nm)を作製した。次に得られたガラス基板を真空蒸着機中に移し、アルミニウム(膜厚100nm)を蒸着した。
実施例1において、イオン化合物1をイオン化合物2~10に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてインク組成物を調製し、硬化性、インク安定性、及び電荷輸送性を評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、イオン化合物1を下記イオン化合物に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてインク組成物を調製し、硬化性、インク安定性、及び電荷輸送性を評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、イオン化合物1を下記イオン化合物に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてインク組成物を調製し、硬化性、インク安定性、及び電荷輸送性を評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、イオン化合物1を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてインク組成物を調製し、硬化性、インク安定性、及び電荷輸送性を評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
つまり、成膜した層を硬化させることで十分な耐溶剤性を発現でき、有機薄膜の積層構造を作製可能である。またインク組成物の状態での安定性が高く、硬化性とインク安定性のバランスの良い材料であることが確認された。
さらに、本発明の有機エレクトロニクス材料は正孔電流が流れやすくなっており、有機エレクトロニクス素子の低電圧化に寄与すると考えられる。
(有機EL素子の作製1)
ITOを1.6mm幅にパターニングしたガラス基板上に、上記で得たポリマー1(10mg)、前記イオン化合物1(0.3mg)、クロロベンゼン(1000μl)を混合した塗布溶液を、3000min-1でスピンコートした後、ホットプレート上で180℃、10分間加熱して硬化させ、正孔注入層(30nm)を形成した。
次に、得られたガラス基板を真空蒸着機中に移しαNPD(40nm)、(αNPD+Ir(piq)3(5:1、20nm)、BAlq(10nm)、Alq3(40nm)、LiF(膜厚0.5nm)、Al(膜厚100nm)の順に蒸着した。
電極形成後、大気開放することなく、乾燥窒素環境中に基板を移動し、0.7mmの無アルカリガラスに0.4mmのザグリを入れた封止ガラスとITO基板を、光硬化性エポキシ樹脂を用いて貼り合わせることにより封止を行い、多層構造の高分子型有機EL素子を作製した。以後の実験は大気中、室温(25℃)で行った。この有機EL素子のITOを正極、Alを陰極として電圧を印加したところ、3.6Vで赤色発光が観測され、輝度1000cd/m2における電流効率は1.5cd/Aであった。なお、電流電圧特性はヒューレットパッカード社製の微小電流計4140Bで測定し、発光輝度はフォトリサーチ社製の輝度計プリチャード1980Bを用いて測定した。
また、寿命特性として、定電流を印加しながらトプコン社製BM-7で輝度を測定し、輝度が初期輝度(3000cd/m2)から半減する時間を測定したところ、420時間であった。
イオン化合物1を比較例1で用いたイオン化合物に変更した以外は実施例8と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。6.2Vで赤色発光が観測され、輝度1000cd/m2における電流効率は1.1cd/Aであった。また、寿命特性として、定電流を印加しながらトプコン社製BM-7で輝度を測定し、輝度が初期輝度(3000cd/m2)から半減する時間を測定したところ、6時間であった。
(有機EL素子の作製2)
ITOを1.6mm幅にパターニングしたガラス基板上に、上記で得たポリマー1(10mg)、前記イオン化合物10(0.3mg)、トルエン(1000μl)を混合した塗布溶液を、3000min-1でスピンコートした後、ホットプレート上で180℃、10分間加熱して硬化させ、正孔注入層(30nm)を形成した。
次に、得られたガラス基板を真空蒸着機中に移しαNPD(50nm)、CBP+Ir(ppy)3(100:6、30nm)、BAlq(10nm)、Alq3(30nm)、LiF(膜厚0.8nm)、Al(膜厚150nm)の順に蒸着した。
電極形成後、大気開放することなく、乾燥窒素環境中に基板を移動し、0.7mmの無アルカリガラスに0.4mmのザグリを入れた封止ガラスとITO基板を、光硬化性エポキシ樹脂を用いて貼り合わせることにより封止を行い、多層構造の高分子型有機EL素子を作製した。以後の実験は大気中、室温(25℃)で行った。この有機EL素子のITOを正極、Alを陰極として電圧を印加したところ、4.3Vで緑色発光が観測され、輝度1000cd/m2における電流効率は23cd/Aであった。なお、電流電圧特性はヒューレットパッカード社製の微小電流計4140Bで測定し、発光輝度はフォトリサーチ社製の輝度計プリチャード1980Bを用いて測定した。
また、寿命特性として、定電流を印加しながらトプコン社製BM-7で輝度を測定し、輝度が初期輝度(3000cd/m2)から半減する時間を測定したところ、520時間であった。
正孔注入層をPEDOT-PSS(Clevios P AI4083)に変更した以外は、前記(有機EL素子の作製2)と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。次いで、実施例9と同様に評価実験を行ったところ、4.3Vで緑色発光が観測され、輝度1000cd/m2における電流効率は21cd/Aであった。また、寿命特性として、定電流を印加しながらトプコン社製BM-7で輝度を測定し、輝度が初期輝度(3000cd/m2)から半減する時間を測定したところ、50時間であった。
エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製示差熱熱重量同時測定装置EXSTAR6000で窒素フロー(400ml/min)しながら、2mgのイオン化合物10を5℃/minの昇温速度で昇温させ、重量減少を測定した。比較として以下に示す比較イオン化合物を同条件で測定した。各イオン化合物について、0.5%重量減少したときの温度、及び5%重量減少したときの温度を表2に示す。
2 陽極
3 正孔注入層
4 陰極
5 電子注入層
6 正孔輸送層
7 電子輸送層
8 基板
Claims (11)
- 前記電荷輸送性ユニットが、芳香族アミン、カルバゾール、又はチオフェンである請求項1又は2に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性化合物がポリマー又はオリゴマーである請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記電荷輸送性化合物が1つ以上の重合可能な置換基を有する請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 前記重合可能な置換基がオキセタン基、エポキシ基、及びビニルエーテル基のうちのいずれかである請求項5に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料と、溶媒とを含むインク組成物。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス材料、又は請求項7に記載のインク組成物を用いて、塗布法で成膜した層を含む有機エレクトロニクス素子。
- 前記塗布法で成膜した層を重合させて不溶化した請求項8に記載の有機エレクトロニクス素子。
- 前記不溶化した層上に、さらに別の層を成膜し、多層化した請求項9に記載の有機エレクトロニクス素子。
- 基板が樹脂フィルムである請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の有機エレクトロニクス素子。
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- 2012-11-29 EP EP12853562.2A patent/EP2787550B1/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20160037242A (ko) | 2016-04-05 |
CN103975455A (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
EP2787550A4 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
TW201331162A (zh) | 2013-08-01 |
JP5924348B2 (ja) | 2016-05-25 |
KR20140106617A (ko) | 2014-09-03 |
US20160218290A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
US20140332791A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
CN103975455B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
US9337429B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
KR101722302B1 (ko) | 2017-03-31 |
TWI618689B (zh) | 2018-03-21 |
EP2787550A1 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
EP2787550B1 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
JPWO2013081052A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
US9748488B2 (en) | 2017-08-29 |
KR101716100B1 (ko) | 2017-03-13 |
US9985210B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
US20170309824A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
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