WO2013078577A1 - 一种丙氨酰谷氨酰胺化合物及其制法 - Google Patents

一种丙氨酰谷氨酰胺化合物及其制法 Download PDF

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WO2013078577A1
WO2013078577A1 PCT/CN2011/002200 CN2011002200W WO2013078577A1 WO 2013078577 A1 WO2013078577 A1 WO 2013078577A1 CN 2011002200 W CN2011002200 W CN 2011002200W WO 2013078577 A1 WO2013078577 A1 WO 2013078577A1
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glutamine
temperature
methanol
ethanol
hour
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陶灵刚
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海南灵康制药有限公司
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Publication of WO2013078577A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013078577A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C231/12Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C231/22Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C231/24Separation; Purification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/02Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/04Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C237/06Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/02Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/22Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton having nitrogen atoms of amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton of the acid part, further acylated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/14Extraction; Separation; Purification
    • C07K1/30Extraction; Separation; Purification by precipitation
    • C07K1/306Extraction; Separation; Purification by precipitation by crystallization
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/02Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
    • C07K5/0202Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing the structure -NH-X-X-C(=0)-, X being an optionally substituted carbon atom or a heteroatom, e.g. beta-amino acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/06Dipeptides
    • C07K5/06008Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/06017Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/06026Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 0 or 1 carbon atom, i.e. Gly or Ala

Definitions

  • Aryl acyl amide compound and preparation method thereof Aryl acyl amide compound and preparation method thereof
  • the present invention relates to a high-purity alanyl glutamine compound and a process for the preparation thereof, which belong to the field of medical technology.
  • Alanyl alginamide also known as N-(2)-L-acetylacyl-L-glutamine, English name L-alanyl-L-glutamine, chemical name N(2)-L-acetyl acyl-L - glutamine, molecular formula C 8 H 1 5 N 3 0 4 , molecular weight 21 structural formula:
  • alanyl glutamamide can be used to improve the cellular immune function of patients, and effectively reduce the risk of infection in critically ill patients, especially for the treatment and recovery of seriously injured patients with serious infections, malignant tumors, etc., can be shortened, ⁇ # , ⁇ Hospital time.
  • Gin is used for severe metabolic diseases (such as burns/trauma/large hand, surgery, acute and chronic infection, bone marrow transplantation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome), intestinal dysfunction (such as enteritis short bowel syndrome and radiotherapy and chemotherapy) Mucosal damage), immune deficiency syndrome (such as AIDS, critical illness or low immune function accompanied by bone marrow transplantation) and other diseases have a good therapeutic effect.
  • the use of alanyl glutamine can better maintain the total number of lymphocytes in the blood circulation, and alleviate the immunosuppression caused by surgery and chemotherapy, which may be related to the sufficient respiratory fuel that Ala-Gin provides to lymphocytes.
  • sputum acyl amide is very effective in reducing the protein decomposition of gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery and chemotherapy, effectively improving nitrogen balance, maintaining the number of lymphocytes in the blood circulation, and thereby improving the nutritional status of patients. Enhance the body's tolerance to surgery and chemotherapy.
  • EPN03 1 1 .057 produces an activated ester in the presence of dibenzylhexylcarbodiimide (DCC) with benzyloxycarbonylpropanoic acid (Z-ALa) and then condenses with a glutamine (Gin) to form a dipeptide. , catalytic hydrogenation
  • DCC dibenzylhexylcarbodiimide
  • Z-ALa benzyloxycarbonylpropanoic acid
  • Gin glutamine
  • catalytic hydrogenation The instructions are prepared by deprotection. This method has a longer step and requires hydrogenation deprotection.
  • EP595345 In European Patent 595345 (EP595345), it is proposed to use optically active ⁇ -halopropionyl halides with glutamine at low temperatures in water-immiscible organic solvents (usually toluene, chloroform or dichloromethane). The reaction was carried out under the conditions of ⁇ ⁇ of 10 to obtain optically pure ⁇ -halopropionyl glutamine, which was then saponified in aqueous water to obtain the corresponding alanyl glutamine.
  • the disadvantages of this method are: Optically pure halodecanoyl is difficult to obtain and expensive. Further, in each of the above preparation methods, only one of two diastereomers of L-acetylacyl-L-glutar amide and D-alanyl-L-glutamine can be obtained each time, Its promotion and application has been limited.
  • Chinese invention patent CN1392156 discloses a method for synthesizing propionyl glutamine, wherein an N-terminal protected amino acid is reacted with trisylhydrazine and hexachloroethane in an organic solvent to form an active ester; an active ester and glutamine in an organic solvent It is carried out in a mixed solution with an aqueous solution of an inorganic alkali, acidified with a mineral acid, and then the N-terminal protecting group is removed. However, at the end of the reaction, the main product, the c-glutinyl dipeptide, and the by-product, triphenylphosphine, were produced.
  • CN 1786019A discloses a method for producing alanyl glutamine, which comprises reacting esterified L-rolling acid with thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst to obtain 2-chloropropionate; The chloropropionate is hydrolyzed with an alkali solution to obtain 2-chloropropionic acid; 2-chloropropionic acid is reacted with a chlorinating agent to obtain 2-chlorodecanoyl chloride: 2-chloropropionyl chloride is reacted with L-glutamine And obtaining N-(2-chloro)-propionyl-alkanamide; and reacting N-(2-chloro)-propionyl-alkanamide with aqueous ammonia to obtain a propiono-dipeptide product.
  • the conventional method for removing salt in the production process of acryloyl glutamine is to carry out crystallization and desalting by adding water (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc.).
  • the acyl-glutamine is used as a raw material, and the hydrazine is selected as a deuteration reagent to prepare a crude acyl glutamamide, which is purified by a necessary post-treatment step to obtain a target product of extremely high purity, thereby optimizing the quality of the preparation product. , reducing toxic side effects and ensuring the safety of clinical medication.
  • the present inventors have found that a high-purity acetyl glutamine compound can be obtained by a process comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 using N-0-chloro)-propionyl-alginamide as a raw material, selecting an anthraquinone as an ammoniating reagent, and carrying out the reaction under normal pressure to obtain a crude acyl glutamamide;
  • Step 2 adding anhydrous methanol to the crude acyl amide amide at a temperature of from 0 ° C to room temperature, stirring, and removing the methanol solution by suction filtration to obtain an alanyl glutamine-containing filter cake;
  • Step 3 the acetoyl glutamine-containing filter cake is dissolved in water, the obtained aqueous solution is heated to not higher than 80 ° C, and concentrated for a certain period of time, and then ethanol is added to make the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol 1: 1-3, and the temperature is lowered by a gradient, and recrystallization is carried out to obtain a purified acryloyl glutamine.
  • the invention is specifically described below.
  • hydrazine-( ⁇ -chloro)-propionyl-alginamide is used as a raw material, an anthraquinone is selected as an ammoxidation reagent, and the reaction is carried out under normal pressure to obtain a acyl glutamamide. Crude product.
  • ⁇ -( ⁇ -chloro)-propionyl-glutamine is a known chemical which is commercially available or can be obtained by known methods, for example:
  • propionyl halide and ⁇ -halopropionyl halide in a ratio of 2: 1-1 : 1 in a period of 1-4 hours
  • step 1 ⁇ -( ⁇ -halopropionyl)-L-alginamide and anthraquinone
  • the substance is scented, and the hydrazine is preferably a hydrazine, a methyl hydrazine or an ethyl hydrazine, or a hydrazine hydrate.
  • atmospheric water is used as an aging agent.
  • yttrium-( ⁇ -halopropionyl)-L-alginamide crystals are dried and 28% of water is used by weight: 1:10 ⁇ 1 :
  • the ratio of 30 is placed in the reaction vessel for 4 ⁇ 1 2 hours, and the temperature is controlled from 10 °C to 60 °C, the reaction pressure is 2 kg/cm 2 , then cooled to room temperature, concentrated under reduced pressure, and then pressed 2:1. Add water in proportion.
  • the present inventors have found that, if an anthraquinone agent is used as an aminating agent, the cyclizing reaction can be carried out under normal pressure, since hydrazines are generally liquid and are miscible with water, which is advantageous for scenting.
  • the quinone species are, for example, hydrazine, methyl hydrazine or ethyl hydrazine, or hydrazine hydrate.
  • the hydrazine hydrate has a concentration of 35%, 40%, 55%, 64%, 80%, 85% or 100%.
  • terpenoids can be reacted stoichiometrically, or in slightly excess amounts, such as a stoichiometric excess of 5 to 50%, without the need for significant excesses of atmospheric water, thereby avoiding excessive by-products due to excess ammonia.
  • the reason may be that the atomic hydrogen is replaced by an aryl group or an alkylamino group, and the reactivity is stronger, so that it is more easily aminated with N-0-chloro;)-propionyl-glutamine.
  • the chlorine at the ⁇ position is substituted with an amino group.
  • ⁇ -( ⁇ -chloro)-propionyl-alkanamide is dissolved in water, and an anthraquinone is used as an emulsification reagent, and the reaction is carried out at 30 to 70 ° C under normal pressure, and the reaction is 5 ⁇ . After 20 hours, it was concentrated and cooled to a low temperature to precipitate a crude product of succinyl amide.
  • anhydrous methanol is added to the crude acetyl glutamine at a temperature of from 0 Torr to room temperature, stirred, and the sterol solution is removed by suction filtration to obtain a acetyl glutamine-containing glutamine. Filter cake.
  • alanyl-L-glutamine-related impurities prepared by the above synthesis method are more and the single impurities are more than 0.5%, and it is difficult to be directly used for the preparation of the pharmaceutical injection.
  • Related impurities include: alanine, glutamic acid, pyroglutamic acid, prolyl-L-cycloalginamide, and triphenylphosphine oxide.
  • the kinds and amounts of the above various impurities in the crude product are remarkably lowered, but trace amounts of by-products are still present.
  • the inventors have found that some of these trace by-products are soluble in decyl alcohol, while the target product, aryl acyl amide, is almost insoluble in methanol.
  • alanyl glutamyl Anhydrous methanol is added to the crude amine product of the specification.
  • the amount of anhydrous methanol can be half of the volume of alanyl glutamine until it is equivalent to the volume of acryloyl glutamine, that is, alanyl glutamine can be completely eliminated.
  • vigorously stir to form a slurry or suspension and then remove the methanol solution by suction filtration to obtain a acetoyl glutamine-containing filter cake, and wash it with methanol several times, preferably 2-5 times, and wash the volume of methanol. 1/3 to 1 /2 of the volume of the slurry or suspension.
  • the methanol solution obtained by suction filtration or the decyl alcohol solution obtained by washing is recycled for use in this step. Therefore, a small amount of the target product dissolved in methanol can be further treated, effectively avoiding the loss of alanyl alginamide.
  • the acetoyl glutamine-containing filter cake is dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution is heated to not higher than 80 ° C, concentrated for a certain period of time, and then added with ethanol, preferably purity. More than 80% ethanol, more preferably 95% pure ethanol, most preferably anhydrous ethanol, the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol is 1:1 -3, preferably the volume ratio is 1: 1-2, more preferably the volume ratio For a 1: 1 - 1.5, and the temperature is lowered by gradient, recrystallization is carried out to obtain purified acyl glutamamide.
  • the present inventors have found that, in the case of using a mixed solvent of water and ethanol in the volume ratio of alanyl argonamide aqueous solution, recrystallization can be favorably performed. Compared with the simple use of water, the mixed solvent formed by using water and ethanol can recrystallize better. On the one hand, it is smooth in crystallization, and it is easier to crystallize than pure water as a solvent.
  • the alanyl glutamine-containing filter cake is dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution is heated to not higher than 80 ° C, preferably not higher than 7 (TC, more preferably not high)
  • the gradient cooling process includes three cooling intervals:
  • the temperature is concentrated and the temperature after adding ethanol is 1 -3 °C / hour.
  • the speed of the manual is evenly reduced to 55 °C.
  • the temperature is uniformly reduced from 55 °C to 3-5 °C / hour to 20 °C.
  • the temperature is from Uniformly drop to 0-4 °C at 20 °C at 5-6 °C / hour.
  • the cooling rate is 1.5 - 2.5 ° C / hour, preferably about 2 ° C / hour. Further preferably, in the second temperature drop interval, the temperature drop rate is about 4. C / hour. Further preferably, in the third temperature drop interval, the temperature drop rate is about 5 C/hour.
  • the inventors believe that the reasons for the gradient recrystallization to perform good recrystallization may be as follows: In the high temperature range, by controlling the temperature to slowly decrease, the crystals are prevented from being unevenly precipitated, and crystals of uniform size and distribution are formed. Growth point; In the medium temperature and low temperature range, by controlling the temperature reduction rate to increase properly, it helps the rapid growth of the formed crystal.
  • the mixture is washed by centrifugation, dried, and washed with methanol, and dried by air drying or vacuum drying.
  • the alanyl glutamine amide obtained by the above embodiment has an alanyl glutamine content of not less than 99.7%, even 99.9 %, and a white color as determined by high performance liquid chromatography.
  • the purity of the acyl group is greatly improved.
  • the amide is also significantly improved in terms of dissolution rate, formulateability and stability.
  • the acyl glutamamide refined according to the method of the present invention is completely suitable as an active ingredient of parenteral nutrition, and is used for improving cellular immune function of a patient, and effectively reducing the risk of infection in critically ill patients, especially for seriously injured patients such as severe infections and malignant tumors.
  • Treatment and recovery play an important role in shortening the total length of hospital stay, for severe metabolic diseases (such as burns/trauma/major surgery, acute and chronic infections, bone marrow transplantation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome), intestinal dysfunction (eg enteritis) Short-stomach syndrome and mucosal damage caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy), immune deficiency syndrome (such as AIDS, critical illness or low immune function accompanying bone marrow transplantation;) and other diseases have a good therapeutic effect.
  • severe metabolic diseases such as burns/trauma/major surgery, acute and chronic infections, bone marrow transplantation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
  • intestinal dysfunction eg enteritis
  • Short-stomach syndrome and mucosal damage caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy immune deficiency syndrome
  • immune deficiency syndrome such as AIDS, critical illness or low immune function accompanying bone marrow transplantation;
  • other diseases have a good therapeutic effect.
  • it can reduce the protein decomposition of gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing surgery and chemotherapy, effectively improve the nitrogen balance
  • a parenteral nutrition pharmaceutical composition comprising a acryloyl glutamine purified according to the method of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be an injection or a granule preparation.
  • the present invention fundamentally changes the current state of low purity of alanyl glutamine amide raw materials at home and abroad, and solves the problems faced by crude acyl glutamamide and acetyl glutamine amide raw materials, and improves impurities due to impurities. A series of clinical adverse reactions caused by more ingredients.
  • the process of the invention is also characterized by simplicity, ease of control, and industrial production. detailed description
  • Determination method Take 20 ⁇ l of the reference solution into the liquid chromatograph to adjust the detection sensitivity so that the peak height of the ring-(L-acetyl acyl-L-glutamine) peak is not lower than the full scale of the recorder. 10%. Take 20 ⁇ l of the test solution into the liquid chromatograph and record the chromatogram to 3 times the retention time of the main component chromatographic peak. The content of each known impurity was calculated by the external standard method by the peak area.
  • Example 1
  • the acetoyl glutamine-containing filter cake is dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution is heated to a temperature of 70-75 Torr for half an hour, and then anhydrous ethanol is added so that the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol is 1:2. .
  • anhydrous ethanol is added so that the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol is 1:2. .
  • the mixture was slowly precipitated, and after standing for 5 hours, it was filtered, washed with methanol, and dried at 50 ° C to obtain 38.4 g of a succinyl amide.
  • the melting point was 215.5 to 216 ° C, and the purity by HPLC was 99.83%.
  • the acyl group-containing glutamine was dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution was heated to a temperature of 70 to 75 ° C for half an hour, and then anhydrous ethanol was added so that the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol was 1:2. Firstly cool to 55 ° C at 2 ⁇ / hour, then cool to 20 ° C at 4 ° C / hour, and then cool to 5 ° C at 5 ° C / hour, there is a slow crystal in the process The mixture was slowly precipitated, and after standing for 5 hours, it was filtered, washed with methanol, and dried at 50 ° C to obtain 35.4 g of a succinyl glutamine.
  • anhydrous sterol to the crude alanyl glutamine at a temperature of 14 ° C
  • the amount of anhydrous decyl alcohol is half of the volume of acryloyl glutamine, and then vigorously stirring to form a slurry.
  • the methanol solution was removed by suction filtration to obtain an alanyl glutamine-containing filter cake, which was washed 4 times with methanol, and the volume of methanol used per washing accounted for 1/2 of the volume of the slurry or suspension.
  • the decyl alcohol solution obtained by suction filtration and the methanol solution obtained by washing are recycled. Therefore, a small amount of alanyl glutamine dissolved in methanol can be further treated.
  • the circulation process is carried out 4 times, the methanol solution obtained by suction filtration and the decyl alcohol solution obtained by washing are discarded.
  • the acetoyl glutamine-containing filter cake is dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution is heated to a temperature of 72-78 ° C for one hour, and then 95% purity ethanol is added to make the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol.
  • 95% purity ethanol is added to make the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol.
  • 1:2.5 Firstly cool to 55 ° C at 2.5 ° C / hour, then reduce the temperature to 20 ° C at 3 ° C / hour, and then cool to 5 ° C at 5 ° C / hour, in the process
  • the crystals were slowly precipitated, placed for 6 hours, filtered, washed with methanol, and dried at 50 ° C to obtain 37.8 g of alanyl glutamine refined product.
  • the melting point was 215.4 to 215.8 ° C, and the purity by HPLC was 99.88%.
  • the methanol solution was removed by suction filtration to obtain an alanyl glutamine-containing filter cake, which was washed three times with methanol, and the volume of methanol per washing accounted for 1/3 of the volume of the slurry or suspension.
  • the decyl alcohol solution obtained by suction filtration and the methanol solution obtained by washing are recycled. Therefore, a small amount of acyl glutamine dissolved in decyl alcohol can be further treated, but after the circulation process is carried out 3 times, the methanol solution obtained by suction filtration and the methanol solution obtained by washing are discarded.
  • the acetoyl glutamine-containing filter cake is dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution is heated to a temperature of 70-75 ° C for half an hour, and then anhydrous ethanol is added to make the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol 1 : 2. After 5 hours, the temperature was lowered to 5 ° C. During the process, crystals were slowly precipitated, and after standing for 5 hours, they were filtered, washed with methanol, and dried at 50 Torr to obtain 33.4 g of alanyl glutamine.
  • Example 3 The melting point is 212 ⁇ 217 °C, and the purity by HPLC is 95.53%. The reason is that the crystallization process is too fast, the initial crystal nucleation is unevenly grown, and the crystallization is too fast, resulting in partial incomplete crystallization or precipitation of the polycrystal with the target product.
  • Example 3 The reason is that the crystallization process is too fast, the initial crystal nucleation is unevenly grown, and the crystallization is too fast, resulting in partial incomplete crystallization or precipitation of the polycrystal with the target product.
  • yttrium-( ⁇ -chloro)-propionyl-alginamide prepared according to CN 1 786 019 A, having a melting point of 147 ° C to 1 52 ° C. Dissolve it in 1200 ml of water, then add 0.3 mol of hydrazine hydrazine, carry out the reaction at 40 to 45 ° C under normal pressure for 16 to 18 hours, then concentrate and cool at 12 ° C. The crude alanyl glutamine was precipitated, and the acyl glutamine content was 85.6% as determined by HPLC.
  • anhydrous methanol was added to the crude alanyl glutamine, and the amount of anhydrous methanol was equivalent to that of acyl glutamine, and then vigorously stirred to form a suspension, which was allowed to stand after standing.
  • the methanol solution was removed by filtration to obtain a glutamyl glutamine-containing filter cake, which was washed 5 times with decyl alcohol, and the volume of methanol used per washing accounted for 1 / 2 of the volume of the slurry or suspension.
  • the methanol solution obtained by suction filtration and the methanol solution obtained by washing are recycled. Therefore, a small amount of acryloyl glutamine dissolved in methanol can be further treated.
  • the alcohol solution obtained by suction filtration and the 1 f alcohol obtained by washing are washed twice after the cycle. The solution is discarded without loss.
  • the alanyl glutamine-containing filter cake is dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution is heated to 68-72 ⁇ The temperature was maintained for half an hour, and then ethanol having a purity of 95% was added so that the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol was 1:1.8. Firstly cool to 55 ° C at 1.8 ° C / hour, then reduce the temperature to 20 ° C at 3 ° C / hour, and then cool to 5 ° C at 5.5 ° C / hour, in the process The crystals were gradually precipitated, and after standing for 6 hours, they were filtered, washed with methanol, and dried at 45 ° C to obtain 34.4 g of acetyl glutamine.
  • the melting point was 215.6 to 216.0 ° C, and the purity by HPLC was 99.78%.
  • Alanyl glutamine is prepared in accordance with CN1786019A. That is, the esterified L-rolling acid is reacted with thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst to obtain 2-chloropropionate; and an alkali solution is added to the 2-chloropropionate to carry out hydrolysis to obtain 2-chloropropane.
  • ⁇ -( ⁇ -chloro)-propionyl-alkanamide prepared according to CN1786019A, having a melting point of 147 ° C to 152 ° C. It is dissolved in 1500 ml of water, then 0.21 mol of ethyl hydrazine is added, and the reaction is carried out at 55 to 60 ° C under normal pressure for 15 to 16 hours, followed by concentration, and at a low temperature of 10 ° C. After cooling, the crude alanyl glutamine was precipitated, and the acyl glutamine content was determined by HPLC to be 84.9%.
  • the acetoyl glutamine-containing filter cake is dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution is heated to a temperature of 65-7 CTC for half an hour, and then ethanol having a purity of 85% is added to make the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol 1 : 3.
  • ethanol having a purity of 85% is added to make the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol 1 : 3.
  • the crystals were slowly precipitated, and after standing for 8 hours, they were filtered, washed with methanol, and dried at 50 ° C to obtain 33.4 g of acyl glutamic acid.
  • the melting point is 215.5 ⁇ 215.9 °C, and the purity by HPLC is 99.80%.
  • N-( ⁇ -chloro)-propionyl-alkanamide prepared according to CN1680428A having a melting point of 146 ° C to 152 ° C was taken. It is dissolved in 2000 ml of water, then 0.3 mol of methyl hydrazine is added, and the reaction is carried out at 55 to 65 ° C under normal pressure for 8 to 12 hours, followed by concentration, and subcooling at 5 ° C. The crude alanyl glutamine was precipitated and the acyl glutamine content was determined by HPLC to be 86.9%.
  • Anhydrous methanol was added to the crude acyl amide amide at a temperature of 15 ° C, and the amount of anhydrous methanol was 3/5 by volume of alanyl glutamamide, followed by vigorous stirring to form a slurry. After standing, the methanol solution was removed by suction filtration to obtain a sulphuric acid glutamine-containing filter cake, which was washed 4 times with methanol, and the volume of decyl alcohol used per wash was 1/2 of the volume of the slurry or suspension. In this step, the decyl alcohol solution obtained by suction filtration and the methanol solution obtained by washing are recycled. After this cycle was carried out 3 times, the methanol solution obtained by the filtration and the methanol solution obtained by washing were discarded.
  • the acetoyl glutamine-containing filter cake is dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution is heated to a temperature of 75-80 ° C for half an hour, and then 95% purity ethanol is added to make the aqueous solution and the ethanol body.
  • the specification ratio is 1:2. Firstly cool to 55 ° C at 2 ° C / hour, then cool to 20 ° C at 4 ° C / hour, and then cool to 5 ° C at 5 ° C / hour, in the process The crystals were slowly precipitated, and after standing for 7 hours, they were filtered, washed with methanol, and dried at 50 ° C to obtain 34.4 g of propionyl glutamine.
  • the melting point was 215.5 to 216.0 ° C, and the purity by HPLC was 99.82%.
  • the acetoyl glutamine-containing filter cake is dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution is heated to a temperature of 68-70 ° C for half an hour, and then anhydrous ethanol is added to make the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol 1 : 2.
  • anhydrous ethanol is added to make the volume ratio of the aqueous solution to the ethanol 1 : 2.
  • the precipitate was slowly precipitated, and after standing for 6 hours, it was filtered, washed with methanol, and dried at 50 ° C to obtain 34.8 g of acyl azide amide.
  • the melting point was 215.3 ⁇ 215.8'C, and the purity by HPLC was 99.89%.
  • Aroyl glutamine was prepared according to CN1680428A. Namely, ⁇ -( ⁇ -chloropropionyl)-L-alginamide is prepared first. Then, 0.12 mol of the above-mentioned diastereomer-containing yttrium-( ⁇ -chloropropionyl)-L-alginamide crystals and 300 ml of a 28% aqueous ammonia solution were placed in a reaction vessel at room temperature at a temperature. The reaction was carried out at 60 ° C under a pressure of 2 kg/cm 2 . The crude product of L-acetyl acyl-L-glutamine is obtained by treatment.
  • the final purification was carried out by column chromatography using a crosslinked Sephadex G-10, eluted with 0.5% aqueous acetic acid, and detected by ultraviolet (UV) 210 nm, and a product having an R f (specific shift value) of 0.14 was collected. After concentration, the refined product was obtained, and its HPLC detection purity was 94.80%.

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Abstract

一种高纯度丙氨酰谷氨酰胺化合物以及其制备方法。以肼类化合物为氨化试剂,以水:乙醇=1:1~3的比例进行梯度重结晶获得高纯度产品。

Description

一种丙氛酰谷氛酰胺化合物及其制法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种高纯度的丙氨酰谷氨酰胺化合物及其制法., 属于医药技 术领域 背景技术
丙 氨 酰 谷 氛 酰 胺 又 名 N-(2)-L- 丙 氛 酰 -L- 谷 酰 胺 , 英 文 名 L-alanyl-L-glutamine , 化学名称为 N(2)-L-丙氛酰 -L-谷氨酰胺, 分子式 C8H1 5N304 , 分子量 21 结构式为:
Figure imgf000002_0001
丙氨酰谷氛酰胺首先由德国森尤斯(Fresenius, AG)研制, 1999年进口到 中国。 丙氨酰谷氦酰胺作为肠外营养药物, 可用于提高患者细胞免疫功能, 有效降低危重患者的感染风险, 尤其对严重感染、 恶性肿瘤等重伤病人的治 疗和恢复有重要作用, 可縮短 , ^# ,ί住院时间。 临床研究表明, 使用 Gin对 严重代谢疾病(如烧伤 /外伤 /大手,术、 急慢性感染、 骨髓移植和多器官功能障 碍综合症)、 肠道功能不全(如肠炎短肠综合症和放化疗所致粘膜损害)、 免疫 缺乏综合症(如丈滋病、 危重病或骨髓移植后伴发的免疫功能低下)等疾病具 有良好的治疗效果。 丙氨酰谷氛酰胺的使用能较好地維持血循环中淋巴细胞 总数, 緩解手术及化疗导致的免疫抑制, 这可能与 Ala-Gin提供给淋巴细胞 充足的呼吸燃料有关。 芮氛酰谷氛酰胺作为肠外营养的使用是十分有效 的, 能减轻胃肠癌手术化疗患者机体的蛋白分解, 有效地改善氮平衡, 維持血循 环中淋巴细胞的数目 , 从而改善患者营养状况, 增强机体对手术及化疗的耐 受性。
国内外已经公开了 多种合成丙氨酰谷氛酰胺的方法。 例如:
欧洲专利(EPN03 1 1 .057)以苄氧羰丙氛酸(Z-ALa)在二环己基碳二亚胺 (DCC)存在下生成活化酯, 然后与谷氛酰胺(Gin)缩合成二肽, 再经催化氫化 说明书 脱保护基制得。 该方法步骤较长, 且需氢化脱保护基。
在欧洲专利 595345(EP595345)中, 提出 了应用在与水不混溶的有机溶剂 (常用为甲苯, 氯仿或二氯甲烷)中, 用光学活性 α-卤代丙酰卤与谷氨酰胺在 低温 ρΗ 为 10 的条件下进行反应而制得光学纯的 α-卤代丙酰谷氨酰胺, 然 后在氛水中氛化而制得相应的丙氨酰谷氛酰胺。 该方法的不足是: 光学纯的 卤代芮酰 很难获得, 且价格昂贵。 此外, 在以上各制备方法中, 每次仅可 获得 L-丙氛酰 -L-谷氩酰胺和 D-丙氨酰 -L-谷氛酰胺二个非对映异构体中的 一个, 故使其推广应用受到了限制。
中国发明专利 CN1392156公开了一种丙氦酰谷氨酰胺合成方法, N端保 护的氨基酸与三笨基嶙、 六氯乙烷在有机溶剂中反应形成活泼酯; 活泼酯与 谷氨酰胺在有机溶剂和无机碱水溶液的混合溶液中进行, 用无机酸酸化, 然 后脱去 N 端保护基团。 但反应结束生成主产物丙 -谷二肽和副产物三苯基氧 磷。
CN 1786019A公开了一种丙氨酰谷氨酰胺的制造方法, 包括将酯化的 L- 轧酸在催化剂存在的条件下, 与氯化亚砜反应, 得 2-氯丙酸酯; 在 2-氯丙酸 酯中加碱液进行水解, 得 2-氯丙酸; 将 2-氯丙酸与氯化剂反应, 得 2-氯芮 酰氯: 将 2-氯丙酰氯与 L-谷氛酰胺反应, 得 N-(2-氯)-丙酰基 -谷氛酰胺; 将 N-(2-氯) -丙酰基-谷氛酰胺与氨水进行反应, 得丙-谷二肽产品等步骤。 但在 采用该合成方法的工业化生产工艺中, 由于得到的反应液中含有氯化铵等杂 质, 需要进行结晶除盐。 目前关于丙氛酰谷氛酰胺生产工艺中除盐的常规方 法为采取醇(如甲醇、 乙醇、 异丙醇等)加水的方式进行结晶除盐。
因此,依然需要一种简单易行的制备甘氨酰 -L -谷氛酰胺并且进行纯化的 方法以提供高纯度的丙氛酰谷氨酰胺化合物。 发明内容
本发明的 目 的在于提供一种高纯度的丙氛酰谷氨酰胺化合物, 为此提供 一种制备甘氦酰 -L-谷氛酰胺并且进行纯化的方法, 以 Ν-(α-氯) -丙酰基 -谷氨 酰胺为原料, 选择肼类作为氦化试剂, 制备丙氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物, 经必要 的后处理步骤进行纯化, 制得純度极高的 目标产品, 进而优化了制剂产品质 量, 减少了毒副作用, 保证了临床用药的安全。 说明书 本发明人研究发现, 通过包括如下步骤的制法, 能够获得高純度的丙氛 酰谷氨酰胺化合物:
步骤 1, 以 N-0-氯)-丙酰基 -谷氛酰胺为原料, 选择肼类物质作为氨化 试剂, 在常压下进行反应, 制得丙氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物;
步骤 2, 在 0°C至室温的温度下, 向丙氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物中加入无水 甲醇, 搅拌, 抽滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含丙氨酰谷氨酰胺的滤饼;
步骤 3, 将含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的水溶液升温至 不高于 80°C, 保持一定时间进行浓縮, 然后加入乙醇, 使水溶液与乙醇的体 积比为 1: 1-3, 并梯度降低温度, 进行重结晶, 获得提纯的丙氛酰谷氛酰胺。 以下具体描述本发明。
在本发明的步骤 1 中, 以 Ν-(α-氯)-丙酰基 -谷氛酰胺为原料, 选择肼类 物质作为氨化试剂, 在常压下进行反应, 制得丙氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物。
Ν-(α-氯) -丙酰基-谷氨酰胺是已知化学物质, 可以市售购得, 也可以按 已知方法制得, 例如:
按中国专利 CN1786019A制得, 其中, 酯化的 L-轧酸在催化剂存在的条 件下, 与氯化亚砜反应, 得 2-氯丙酸酯: 在 2-氯丙酸酯中加碱液进行水解, 得 2-氯丙酸; 将 2-氯丙酸与氯化剂反应, 得 2-氯丙酰氯: 将 2-氯丙酰氯与 L-谷氛酖胺反应, 得 Ν-(2-氯) -丙酰基 -谷氛酰胺。
也可以按照 CN1680428A制得, 其中, 在室温下将 α-卤代酰卤的 0.5-1.0 克分子比例的 L-谷氛酰胺加入到 10倍体积的甲笨与水的混合液中, 甲笨与 水的配比为 1 : 2, 待冷却到 2Ό〜 5 °C后, 再加入按谷氛酰胺克分子量 1 : 1 的 5N氫氡化钠, 使 L-谷氨酰胺溶解, 然后保持 2°C〜5'C, 在 1-4 小时内滴 加含有与 L-谷氛酰胺克分子比 2 : 1-1 : 1 的 α-ΐ!丙酰卤、 α-卤丙酰卤 2倍体 积的甲苯和 α- 1¾丙酰! ¾ 1.5倍体积的 5Ν氫氧化钠組成的溶液,以 5Ν氢氣化 钠调 ρΗ值至 9〜11, 在 5°C~20°C的条件下反应 1-6 小时后分开有机层, 再 在室温下加入按与 L-谷氛酰胺克分子比为 3 : 1 的固体氯化钠到分开有机层 后的混合溶液中, 在搅拌中滴加浓盐酸调节 pH值至 2〜 3.5, 再加入浓盐酸 调 pH 至 0.5~1.5, 然后在室温下放置 2〜8 小时后, 经过滤析出 Ν-(α-卤丙 酰;) -L-谷氨酰胺晶体。
根据本发明的技术方案, 在步骤 1 中, Ν-(α-卤丙酰) -L-谷氛酰胺与肼类 物质进行氛化, 所述肼类物质优选联氛、 甲基肼或乙基肼, 或者为水合肼。 现有技术中有以氛水作为氛化试剂,如 CN 1680428A中,Ν-(α-卤丙酰) -L- 谷氛酰胺晶体经干燥后与 28 %的氛水按重量 1 : 10〜1 : 30 的比例放入反应 容器反应 4〜1 2小时, 并控制温度 10 °C〜60 °C、 反应压力 2 kg/cm2, 再冷却 到室温, 减压浓縮, 然后按 2 : 1 的比例加入水。
本发明人研究发现, 如以肼类物盾作为氨化剂, 可以在常压下进行氛化 反应, 因为肼类物质一般为液体, 并且与水能够混溶, 有利于进行氛化。 所 述肼类物质例如为联氨、 甲基肼或乙基肼, 或者为水合肼。 所述水合肼的浓 度为 35%、 40%、 55%、 64%、 80%、 85%或 100%。
此外, 肼类物质可以化学计量, 或稍微过量的量进行反应, 如化学计量 过量 5〜50 %, 而不必^氛水那样显著过量, 从而避免了 因氨气过量导致的 过多副产物。 其原因可能是肼与氛相比, 用氛基或烷基氨基替代了原子氢, 从而反应性更强, 因此更容易与 N-0-氯;) -丙酰基-谷氨酰胺进行氨化, 将其 位于 α位的氯取代为氨基。
根据本发明, 将 Ν-(α-氯) -丙酰基-谷氛酰胺溶于水中, 使用肼类物质作 为氛化试剂, 在常压下, 在 30〜70 °C下进行反应, 反应 5~20 小时, 然后进 行浓縮, 并低溫冷却, 析出芮氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物。 ―
在本发明的步骤 2 中, 在 0 Ό至室温的温度下, 向丙氛酰谷氨酰胺粗产 物中加入无水甲醇, 搅拌, 抽滤除去曱醇溶液, 获得含丙氛酰谷氨酰胺的滤 饼。
现有技术中,如 CN 1 16461 1 C、CN 1302008C、CN 1 3 1 5868C、CN 1680428A、 CN 10162938B都公开了丙氛酰谷氛酰胺合成方法。但是用以上合成方法制备 的丙氨酰 -L-谷氨酰胺相关杂质较多且单一杂质大于 0.5 %, 很难直接用于药 品注射液的配制。 相关杂质主要有: 丙氨酸, 谷氛酰胺, 焦谷氛酸, 芮氨酰 -L-环谷氛酰胺, 和三苯基氧磷等。
在本发明的步骤 1 中, 在获得丙氛酰谷氨酰胺粗产物时, 所述粗产物中 上述各种杂质种类和数量都有明显降低, 但仍有痕量副产物存在。
本发明人发现, 这些痕量副产物有的溶于曱醇中, 而 目标产物丙氛酰谷 氛酰胺在甲醇中几乎不溶。
因此, 在较低温度下, 特别是在 0 °C至室温的温度下, 向丙氨酰谷氛酰 说明书 胺粗产物中加入无水甲醇, 无水甲醇的量可以为丙氨酰谷氨酰胺体积的一 半, 直至与丙氛酰谷氛酰胺体积相当, 即可以完全没过丙氨酰谷氨酰胺。 然 后进行剧烈搅拌, 形成浆状物或悬浮物, 然后抽滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含丙 氛酰谷氨酰胺的滤饼, 并用甲醇洗涤数次, 优选洗涤 2-5次, 洗涤用甲醇的 体积占浆状物或悬浮物体积的 1 /3~ 1 /2。
根据本发明, 抽滤获得的甲醇溶液或者洗涤获得的曱醇溶液循环用于该 步骤中。 因此, 少量溶于甲醇中的 目标产物仍可以进一步加以处理, 有效避 免了丙氨酰谷氛酰胺的流失。
在本发明的步骤 3 中, 将含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的 水溶液升温至不高于 80 °C, 保持一定时间进行浓縮, 然后加入乙醇, 优选为 纯度大于 80%的乙醇, 更优选純度 95 %的乙醇, 最优选无水乙醇, 使水溶液 与所述乙醇的体积比为 1 : 1 -3 , 优选体积比为 1 : 1-2 , 更优选体积比为 1 : 1 - 1 .5 , 并梯度降低温度, 进行重结晶, 获得提纯的丙氛酰谷氛酰胺。
本发明人经过研究发现, 对于丙氨酰谷氩酰胺水溶液, 当使用水与乙醇 以所述体积比形成的混合溶剂时, 能良好地进行重结晶。与单纯使用水相比, 使用水与乙醇形成的混合溶剂能更好地进行重结晶,一方面表现在结晶进行 顺利, 比单纯的水作为溶剂更容易结晶, 其原因是丙氛酰谷氛酰胺在乙醇中 的溶解性低于在水中的溶解性, 乙醇的存在使结晶更容易进行; 另一方面, 所得晶体純度高, 几乎不包含其它杂质, 另一方面还在于, 混合溶剂与之后 的梯度降温有效结合, 通过控制混合溶剂的浓度和重结晶的温度而使重结晶 的速率和結晶纯度等效果出人意料。
令人惊讶地, 经过本发明上述步骤 1 和 2 处理之后, 用这种混合溶剂对 丙氨酰谷氨酰胺进行结晶时, 获得純度极高的晶体。 其原因可能在于通过本 发明方法的步骤 1 和 2 已经去除了对结晶有不利影响的杂质性物质。
本发明人经过研究发现, 在梯度降温的情况下, 能良好地进行重结晶。 在根据本发明的优选实施方案中, 将含丙氨酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼溶于水 中, 所获得的水溶液升溫至不高于 80 °C, 优选不高于 7(TC, 更优选不高于 65 °C , 保持一定时间进行浓縮并加入乙醇后, 梯度降温过程包括 3 个降温区 间:
在第一个降温区间中, 温度浓縮并加入乙醇后具有的温度以 1 -3 °C /小时 说明书 的速度均勻降至 55 °C, 在第二个降温区间中, 温度从 55 °C以 3-5 °C /小时的速 度均匀降至 20 °C, 在第三个降温区间中, 温度从 20 °C以 5-6 °C /小时的速度均 勻降至 0-4 °C。
进一步优选地, 在第一个降温区间中, 降温速度为 1 .5 -2.5 °C /小时, 优 选约 2 °C /小时。 进一步优选地, 在第二个降温区间中, 降温速度为约 4。C / 小时。 进一步优选地, 在第三个降温区间中, 降温速度为约 5 C/小时。
不受理论的束缚, 本发明人认为梯度降温能良好进行重结晶的原因可能 如下: 在高温区间, 通过控制温度緩慢降低, 从而避免晶体不均 地析出, 而是形成大小均一、 分布均 的晶体生长点; 在中温和低温区间, 通过控制 温度降低速度适当提高, 有助于已形成的晶体快速生长。
结晶完全后, 进行离心洗涤, 干燥, 可采用甲醇洗涤, 采用晾干方式或 真空烘干方式进行干燥。
上述实施方案所得的丙氨酰谷氛酰胺精制品, 按照高效液相色谱法测 定, 其丙氨酰谷氛酰胺含量不低于 99.7 %, 甚至达到 99.9 % , 颜色为白色。
鉴于芮氨酰谷氛酰胺的粉末流动性、 特性溶出速率、 固体稳定性以及制 备可搡作性对其活性的发挥以及所配制的制剂的影响巨大, 而純度得到大幅 提高的丙氛酰谷氛酰胺在溶出速率、 可配制性以及稳定性方面也相应明显改 善。
因此, 根据本发明方法精制的丙氛酰谷氛酰胺完全适合作为肠外营养药 物活性成分, 用于提高患者细胞免疫功能, 有效降低危重患者的感染风险, 尤其对严重感染、 恶性肿瘤等重伤病人的治疗和恢复有重要作用, 可縮短患 者总住院时间, 对严重代谢疾病(如烧伤 /外伤 /大手术、 急慢性感染、 骨髓移 植和多器官功能障碍综合症)、 肠道功能不全(如肠炎短肠综合症和放化疗所 致粘膜损害)、 免疫缺乏综合症(如艾滋病、 危重病或骨髓移植后伴发的免疫 功能低下;)等疾病具有良好的治疗效果。 例如能减轻胃肠癌手术化疗患者机 体的蛋白分解, 有效地改善氮平衡, 維持血循环中淋巴细胞的数目 , 从而改 善患者营养状况, 增强机体对手术及化疗的耐受性。
因而适合配制成肠外营养药物組合物, 所述的药物组合物包括根据本发 明方法精制的丙氛酰谷氛酰胺和药学上可接受的赋形剂。 优选地, 所述药物 組合物可以是注射液或颗粒制剂。 说明书 本发明从根本上改变了 国内外丙氨酰谷氛酰胺原料純度较低的现状, 解 决了粗制丙氛酰谷氛酰胺和丙氛酰谷氨酰胺原料药面临的难题, 改善了 由于 杂质成分较多引发的一系列临床不良反应。 本发明方法还具有简便、 易于控 制和工业化生产的特点。 具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式进一步解释或说明本发明内容, 但实施例不应被 理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。 HPLC测定丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的纯度:
照高效液相色谱法(中国药典 2010年版二部附录 V D) 測定。
色谱条件及系统适用性试验: 用氦基键合硅胶为瑱充剂, 以 0.05mol/L 磷酸二氢钾緩冲液(用嶙酸调节 pH至 4.0)-乙腈 (30 : 70 ) 为流动相; 检測波 长为 21 nm ; 流速 0.8ml/min。 L-焦谷氛酰 -L-丙氨酸与 L-焦谷氛酸分离度应 不小于 1 .0。
测定法: 取对照品溶液 20 μ 1注入液相色谱仪, 调节检测灵敏度, 使环 - ( L-丙氛酰 -L-谷氨酰胺) 色谱峰的峰高不低于记录仪为满标度的 1 0%。 取 供试品溶液 20 μ 1注入液相色谱仪, 记录色谱图至主成分色谱峰保留时间的 3倍。 按外标法以峰面积计算各已知杂质的含量。 实施例 1
芮氛酰谷氛酰胺的精制
取 0.2摩尔市售购得的 Ν-(α-氯) -丙酰基 -谷氨酰胺, 将其溶于 1000ml水 中, 然后加入 0.25 摩尔的联氛, 在常压下, 在 50〜55 °C下进行反应, 反应 10~1 5 小时, 然后进行浓縮, 并在 1 0 °C的低温下冷却, 析出丙氨酰谷氨酰胺 粗产物, 经 HPLC测得丙氛酰谷氛酰胺含量为 92.80%。
在 15 Γ的温度下, 向丙氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物中加入无水甲醇, 无水甲醇 的量为丙氛酰谷氨酰胺体积的一半,然后进行剧烈搅拌, 形成浆状物, 然后抽 滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼, 并用甲醇洗涤 3次, 每次 洗涤用甲醇的体积占浆状物或悬浮物体积的 1 /3。 该步骤中, 抽滤获得的甲 说明书 醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液循环使用。 因此, 少量溶于甲醇中的丙氛酰 谷氛酰胺仍可以进一步得到处理, 但此循环过程进行最多 5次, 即将抽滤获 得的 f 醇溶液以及洗涤获得的 醇溶液弃之不用失。.
将含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的水溶液升温至 70-75Γ 的溫度, 保持半小时, 然后加入无水乙醇, 使水溶液与所述乙醇的体积比为 1: 2。先以 2 °C/小时的速度降温至 55 °C , 然后以 4 °C/小时的速度降温至 20°C, 再以 5 V/小时的速度降温至 5 °C, 在此过程中有晶体慢慢析出, 放置 5 小时 后, 过滤, 甲醇洗涤, 50°C烘干, 得 38.4g丙氛酰谷氛酰胺精制品。
熔点为 215.5〜216°C, HPLC检测純度为 99.83%。
MS (m/z): 218 (M+1); UVMAX (水): 19i.5nm。
I (cm"1): 3407, 3331, 3226, 2981, 2933, 1642; 1534, 1385, 1113;
Ή-NMR: 4.166, 4.117, 2.325, 2.134, 1.977, 1.537ppm;
l3C-NMR: 178.146, 177.352, 169.847, 54.624, 48.721, 31.322, 27.174, 16.093ppm。 对比例 1
丙氨酰谷氨酰胺的精制 (;不用甲醇去除杂质)
取 0.2摩尔市售购得的 Ν-(α-氯)-丙酰基 -谷氛酰胺, 将其溶于 1000ml 水 中, 然后加入 0.25 摩尔的联氨, 在常压下, 在 50〜55°C下进行反应, 反应 10~15 小时, 然后进行浓縮, 并在 10°C的低温下冷却, 析出芮氨酰谷氛酰胺 粗产物, 经 HPLC测得丙氛酰谷氨酰胺含量为 92.80%。
将含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺溶于水中, 所获得的水溶液升温至 70-75°C的温度, 保持半小时, 然后加入无水乙醇, 使水溶液与所述乙醇的体积比为 1: 2。 先 以 2Ό/小时的速度降温至 55°C,然后以 4°C/小时的速度降温至 20°C,再以 5°C/ 小时的速度降温至 5°C, 在此过程中有晶体慢慢析出, 放置 5 小时后, 过滤, 曱醇洗涤, 50°C烘千, 得 35.4g丙氛酰谷氦酰胺精制品。
熔点为 213〜218°C, HPLC检测純度为 96.83%。 其原因是丙氨酰谷氨酰 胺粗品中裹杂有少量杂质, 在结晶过程中部分与 目标产物一起析出。 实施例 2 说明书 丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的精制
取 0.2摩尔市售购得的 N-(ot-氯) -丙酰基 -谷氛酰胺, 将其溶于 1300ml水 中, 然后加入 0.22 摩尔的联氦, 在常压下, 在 45〜50°C下进行反应, 反应 12~15 小时, 然后进行浓缩, 并在 15°C的低温下冷却, 析出丙氛酰谷氨酰胺 粗产物, 经 HPLC测得丙氛酰谷氛酰胺含量为 93.20%。
在 14°C的温度下, 向丙氨酰谷氨酰胺粗产物中加入无水曱醇, 无水曱醇 的量为丙氛酰谷氛酰胺体积的一半,然后进行剧烈搅拌, 形成浆状物, 然后抽 滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含丙氨酰谷氨酰胺的滤饼, 并用甲醇洗涤 4次, 每次 洗涤用甲醇的体积占浆状物或悬浮物体积的. 1/2。.该步骤中, 抽滤获得的曱 醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液循环使用。 因此, 少量溶于甲醇中的丙氨酰 谷氛酰胺仍可以进一步得到处理, 此循环过程进行 4次后, 将抽滤获得的甲 醇溶液以及洗涤获得的曱醇溶液弃之不用失。
将含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的水溶液升温至 72-78°C 的温度, 保持一小时, 然后加入纯度 95%的乙醇, 使水溶液与所述乙醇的体 积比为 1: 2.5。 先以 2.5°C/小时的速度降温至 55°C, 然后以 3°C/小时的速度 降温至 20°C, 再以 5 °C/小时的速度降温至 5 °C , 在此过程中有晶体慢慢析出, 放置 6 小时后, .过滤, 曱醇洗涤, 50 °C烘干, 得 37.8g 丙氨酰谷氨酰胺精制 品
熔点为 215.4〜215.8°C, HPLC检测純度为 99.88%。
MS (m/z): 218 (M+1); UVMAX (水): 191.5nm。
Ή-NMR: 4.168, 4.119, 2.324, 2.133, 1.975, 1.538ppm;
,3C-NMR: 178.148, 177.354, 169.848, 54.625, 48.722, 31.324, 27.175, 16.091ppm。 对比例 2
芮氨酰谷氛酰胺的精制(不进行梯度降温)
取 0.2摩尔市售购得的 Ν-(α-氯)-丙酰基 -谷氨酰胺, 将其溶于 1000ml水 中, 然后加入 0.25 摩尔的联氛, 在常压下, 在 45〜50°C下进行反应, 反应 12~15 小时, 然后进行浓缩, 并在 15°C的低温下冷却, 析出丙氛酰谷氨酰胺 粗产物, 经 HPLC测得丙氨酰谷氨酰胺含量为 93.20%。 说明书 在 1 5 °C的温度下, 向丙氛酰谷氨酰胺粗产物中加入无水曱醇, 无水曱醇 的量为丙氛酰谷氛酰胺体积的一半,然后进行剧烈搅拌, 形成浆状物, 然后抽 滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含丙氨酰谷氨酰胺的滤饼, 并用甲醇洗涤 3次, 每次 洗涤用甲醇的体积占浆状物或悬浮物体积的 1 /3。 该步骤中, 抽滤获得的曱 醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液循环使用。 因此, 少量溶于曱醇中的丙氛酰 谷氨酰胺仍可以进一步得到处理, 但此循环过程进行 3次后, 将抽滤获得的 甲醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液弃之不用失。
将含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的水溶液升温至 70-75 'C 的温度, 保持半小时, 然后加入无水乙醇, 使水溶液与所述乙醇的体积比为 1: 2。 经 5 小时后降温至 5 °C, 在此过程中有晶体慢慢析出, 放置 5 小时后, 过滤, 甲醇洗涤, 50 Ό烘干, 得 33.4g丙氨酰谷氛酰胺精制品。
熔点为 212 ~ 217 °C,HPLC检测純度为 95.53%。其原因是结晶过程过快, 初期结晶晶核生长不均 , 结晶过快, 导致部分不完全结晶或多晶物与 目标 产物一起析出。 实施例 3
丙氛酰谷氨酰胺的精制
取 0.2 摩尔按照. CN 1 786019A 制得的 Ν-(α-氯) -丙酰基 -谷氛酰胺, 其熔 点为 147 °C〜1 52 °C。 将其溶于 1200ml 水中, 然后加入 0.3 摩尔的曱基肼, 在常压下, 在 40~ 45 'C下进行反应, 反应 16~ 18 小时, 然后进行浓缩, 并在 12 °C的低温下冷却, 析出丙氨酰谷氨酰胺粗产物, 经 HPLC測得丙氛酰谷氛 酰胺含量为 85.6%。
在 12 Ό的温度下, 向丙氨酰谷氨酰胺粗产物中加入无水甲醇, 无水甲醇 的量与丙氛酰谷氨酰胺体积相当,然后进行剧烈搅拌, 形成悬浮物, 静置后抽 滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含芮氨酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼, 并用曱醇洗涤 5 次, 每次 洗涤用甲醇的体积占浆状物或悬浮物体积的 1 /2。 该步骤中, 抽滤获得的甲 醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液循环使用。 因此, 少量溶于甲醇中的丙氛酰 谷氛酰胺仍可以进一步得到处理, 为避免其中杂质的干扰, 此循环过程进行 2次后, 将抽滤获得的 < 醇溶液以及洗涤获得的 1 f 醇溶液弃之不用失。
将含丙氨酰谷氨酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的水溶液升温至 68-72 Ό 的温度, 保持半小时, 然后加入纯度 95%的乙醇, 使水溶液与所述乙醇的体 积比为 1: 1.8。 先以 1.8°C/小时的速度降温至 55°C, 然后以 3°C/小时的速度 降温至 20°C, 再以 5.5°C/小时的速度降温至 5°C, 在此过程中有晶体慢慢析 出, 放置 6 小时后, 过滤, 甲醇洗涤, 45°C烘干, 得 34.4g丙氛酰谷氨酰胺 精制品。
熔点为 215.6〜216.0°C, HPLC检测純度为 99.78%。
MS (m/z): 218 (M+1); UVMAX (水): 191.5nm。
1H-NMR: 4.167, 4.115, 2.326, 2.132, 1.979, 1.535ppm;
,3C-NMR: 178.145, 177.354, 169.845, 54.626, 48.723, 31.320, 27.173, 16.094ppm。 对比例 3
丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的精制 (以氛水作为氛化剂)
按照 CN1786019A制备丙氛酰谷氛酰胺。 即, 酯化的 L-轧酸在催化剂存 在的条件下, 与氯化亚砜反应, 得 2-氯丙酸酯; 在 2-氯丙酸酯中加碱液进行 水解, 得 2-氯丙酸; 将 2-氯芮酸与氯化剂反应, 得 2-氯丙酰氯; 将 2-氯丙 酰氯与 L-谷氛酰胺反应, 得 N-(2-氯) -丙酰基 -谷氨酰胺, 即 Ν-(α-氯)-丙酰基 -谷氛酰胺, 将其与氛水进行反应, 制得丙氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物。 但得到的 反应液中含有氯化铵等盐类杂质, 不利于后续纯化精制。 实施例 4
芮氛酰谷氦酰胺的精制
取 0.2 摩'尔按照 CN1786019A 制得的 Ν-(α-氯) -丙酰基 -谷氛酰胺, 其熔 点为 147°C〜152°C。 将其溶于 1500ml水中, 然后加入 0.21 摩尔的乙基肼, 在常压下, 在 55〜60°C下进行反应, 反应 15~16小时, 然后进行浓縮, 并在 10°C的低温下冷却, 析出丙氨酰谷氛酰胺粗产物, 经 HPLC测得丙氛酰谷氛 酰胺含量为 84.9%。
在 18°C的溫度下, 向丙氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物中加入无水曱醇, 无水甲醇 的量为丙氛酰谷氨酰胺体积 2/3,然后进行剧烈搅拌, 形成浆状物, 静置后抽 滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼, 并用甲醇洗涤 4次, 每次 说明书 洗涤用甲醇的体积占浆状物或悬浮物体积的 1/3。 该步骤中, 抽滤获得的甲 醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液循环使用。 此循环过程进行 3 次后, 将抽滤 获得的甲醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液弃之不用失。
将含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的水溶液升温至 65-7CTC 的温度, 保持半小时, 然后加入纯度 85%的乙醇, 使水溶液与所述乙醇的体 积比为 1: 3。 先以 2.5°C/小时的速度降温至 55'C, 然后以 5°C/小时的速度降 温至 20°C, 再以 6°C/小时的速度降溫至 5°C, 在此过程中有晶体慢慢析出, 放置 8 小时后, 过滤, 甲醇洗涤, 50°C烘干, 得 33.4g 丙氛酰谷氛酰胺精制 品
熔点为 215.5~215.9°C, HPLC检测纯度为 99.80%。
MS (m/z): 218 (M+1); UVMAX (水): 191.5nm。
Ή-NMR: 4.164, 4.115, 2.324, 2.136, 1.975, 1.536ppm;
13C-NMR: 178.145, 177.353, 169.846, 54.623, 48.724, 31.320, 27.175, 16.092ppm。 实施例 5
丙氨酰谷氨酰胺的精制
取 0.2 摩尔按照 CN1680428A 制得的 N- (α-氯)-丙酰基 -谷氛酰胺, 其熔 点为 146°C~152°C。 将其溶于 2000ml 水中, 然后加入 0.3 摩尔的甲基肼, 在常压下, 在 55〜65°C下进行反应, 反应 8~12 小时, 然后进行浓缩, 并在 5°C下低温冷却, 析出丙氨酰谷氨酰胺粗产物, 经 HPLC 测得丙氛酰谷氛酰 胺含量为 86.9%。
在 15 'C的温度下, 向丙氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物中加入无水甲醇, 无水甲醇 的量为丙氨酰谷氦酰胺体积 3/5, 然后进行剧烈搅拌, 形成浆状物, 静置后 抽滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含芮氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼, 并用甲醇洗涤 4次, 每 次洗涤用曱醇的体积占浆状物或悬浮物体积的 1/2。 该步骤中, 抽滤获得的 曱醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液循环使用。 此循环过程进行 3 次后, 将抽 滤获得的甲醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液弃之不用失。
将含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的水溶液升温至 75-80°C 的温度, 保持半小时, 然后加入纯度 95%的乙醇, 使水溶液与所述乙醇的体 说明书 积比为 1: 2。 先以 2°C/小时的速度降温至 55°C, 然后以 4°C/小时的速度降 温至 20°C, 再以 5°C/小时的速度降温至 5°C, 在此过程中有晶体慢慢析出, 放置 7 小时后, 过滤, 甲醇洗涤, 50°C烘干, 得 34.4g丙氦酰谷氛酰胺精制 品
熔点为 215.5〜216.0°C, HPLC检测纯度为 99.82%。
MS (m/z): 218 (M+1); UVMAX (水): 191.5nm。
Ή-NMR: 4.163, 4.115, 2.324, 2.132, 1.975, 1.538ppm;
13C-NMR: 178.145, 177.354, 169.845, 54.623, 48.723, 31.323, 27.172, 16.091ppm。 实施例 6
丙氨酰谷氛酰胺的精制
取 0.2 摩尔按照 CN1680428A 制得的 Ν-(α-氯) -丙酰基 -谷氨酰胺, 其熔 点为 146t:〜 152°C。 将其溶于 1800ml 水中, 然后加入 0.3摩尔浓度为 80% 的水合肼, 在常压下, 在 50〜56°C下进行反应, 反应 10~15 小时, 然后进行 浓縮, 并在 15 °C下低温冷却, 析出丙氦酰谷氛酰胺粗产物, 经 HPLC测得丙 氛酰谷氦酰胺含量为 87.9%。
在 12°C的温度下, 向丙氨酰谷氛酰胺粗产物中加入无水曱醇, 无水甲醇 的量为丙氮酰谷氛酰胺体积 3/7, 然后进行剧烈搅拌, 形成浆状物, 静置后 抽滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼, 并用甲醇洗涤 4次, 每 次洗涤用甲醇的体积占浆状物或悬浮物体积的 1/3。 该步骤中, 抽滤获得的 甲醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液循环使用。 此循环过程进行 3 次后, 将抽 滤获得的甲醇溶液以及洗涤获得的甲醇溶液弃之不用失。
将含丙氛酰谷氨酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的水溶液升温至 68-70°C 的温度, 保持半小时, 然后加入无水乙醇, 使水溶液与所述乙醇的体积比为 1: 2。先以 2°C/小时的速度降温至 55°C, 然后以 3°C/小时的速度降温至 20V , 再以 5°C/小时的速度降温至 5°C, 在此过程中有晶体慢慢析出, 放置 6 小时 后, 过滤, 曱醇洗涤, 50°C烘干, 得 34.8g丙氛酰谷氛酰胺精制品。
熔点为 215.3〜215.8'C, HPLC检测纯度为 99.89%。
Ή-NMR: 4.164, 4.116, 2.324, 2.135, 1.975, 1.538ppm; 说明书
"C-NMR: 178.145, 177.351 , 169.845, 54.622, 48.724, 31.325, 27.173, 16.094ppm。 对比例 4
芮氨酰谷氛酰胺的精制 (以氨水作为氩化剂)
按照 CN1680428A 制备丙氛酰谷氛酰胺。 即, 先制备 Ν-(α-氯丙酰) -L- 谷氛酰胺。 然后, 将上述含有二个非对映异构体的 Ν-(α-氯丙酰) -L-谷氛酰胺 结晶体 0.12 克分子及 300ml 28 %氨水溶液在室温下放入反应容器中, 在温 度 60°C、 压力 2kg/cm2下反应。 经处理获得 L-丙氛酰 -L-谷氛酰胺粗制品。 薄板层析醋酸 : 正丁醇 : 水(1 : 4: 1)茚三酮显色 R f (比移值) 0.14。 将上述 L-丙氨酰 L-谷氨酰胺粗制品溶于水中, 加入活性炭, 在室温下搅拌, 滤去活 性炭, 加入母晶体后, 放置。 再滴加乙醇, 室温下搅 2 小时, 经过滤析出获 得 L-丙氛酰 L-谷氨酰胺的固体。最终纯化用交联葡聚糖凝胶 G-10的柱层析, 以 0.5%醋酸水液淋洗, 以紫外(UV)210nm检测, 收集 R f (比移值)为 0.14 的产品。 浓縮后得精制品, 其 HPLC检测纯度为 94.80%。
可见, 该制法过程复杂, 涉及到控制酸碱 pH 值困难, 而且容易生成盐 类副产物, 并且用氛水进行氨化时, 除了压力异于常压外, 事先需对 N-0- 氯丙酰) -L-谷氛酰胺进行结晶干燥, 条件苛刻。 上述实施例和对比例从不同方面充分说明了本发明特定組合方法的优 越性, 带来了意想不到的效果, 是理论上无法合理预期的。 不受理论限制, 可能是各种纯化方法对药物中不同杂质的除去效果不同, 本发明提供的精制 方法具有实质的特点和显著的进步, 取得的意想不到的技术效果, 获得了高 产率高纯度的产品。
应该理解, 虽然本发明结合实例进行了详细的说明, 但上述说明旨在举 例说明, 而不以任何方式限制其发明内容。 对本领域技术人来说, 基于本文 的说明可以最大程度地利用本发明, 并可在没有脱离本发明的权利要求范围 或精神内进行多种修改或修饰。 本申请所引用的各个参考文献, 在此全文引 入作为参考。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种高純度的 酰胺化合物, 具有以下结构式:
Figure imgf000016_0001
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的丙氨酰谷氛酰胺化合物的制法, 其特 征在于包括以下步骤:
步骤 1, 以 Ν-(α-氯) -丙酰基 -谷氨酰胺为原料, 选择肼类物质作 为氛化试剂, 在常压下进行反应, 制得丙氛酰谷氨酰胺粗产物, 所述 肼类物质为联氛、 曱基肼或乙基肼, 或者为水合肼;
步骤 2, 在 0°C至室温的温度下, 向丙氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物中加 入无水甲醇, 搅拌, 抽滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含丙氛酰谷氨銑胺的滤 饼;
步骤 3, 将含芮氛酰谷氨酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的水溶液 升温至不高于 80°C, 保持一定时间进行浓縮, 然后加入乙醇, 使水溶 液与乙醇的体积比为 1 : 1-3, 并梯度降低温度, 进行重结晶, 获得 提純的芮氛酰谷氨酰胺,
其中, 步驟 3 的梯度降温过程包括 3个降温区间:
在第一个降温区间中, 温度从浓缩并加入乙醇后的温度以 1 -3 °C / 小时的速度均匀降至 55°C,
在第二个降温区间中, 温度从 55 °C以 3-5 °C/小时的速度均匀降至 20 °C,
在第三个降温区间中, 温度从 20°C以 5-6°C/小时的速度均匀降至
0-4。C。
3、 根据权利要求 2 所述的丙氛酰谷氛酰胺化合物的制法, 其特 征在于,
在步骤 1 中, 所述水合肼的浓度为 35%、 40%、 55%、 64%、 80%、 85%或 100%。
4、 根据权利要求 2 或 3 所述的丙氛酰谷氛酰胺化合物的制法, 权利要求书 其特征在于,
在步骤 1 中, 肼类物质以化学计量, 或化学计量过量 5〜50 %进 行反应。
5、 根据权利要求 2 至 4之一所述的丙氛酰谷氛酰胺化合物的制 法, 其特征在于,
在步骤 1 中, 将 Ν-(α-氯)-丙酰基-谷氛酰胺溶于水中, 使用肼类 物质作为氛化试剂, 在常压下, 在 30〜70 °C下进行反应, 反应 5~20 小时, 然后进行浓縮, 并低温冷却, 析出丙氨酰谷氨酰胺粗产物。
6、 根据权利要求 2 至 5 之一所述的丙氛酰谷氨酰胺化合物的制 法, 其特征在于,
在步骤 2 中, 在较低温度下, 特别是在 0 °C至室温的温度下, 向 丙氛酰谷氛酰胺粗产物中加入无水甲醇, 无水甲醇的量为丙氨酰谷氦 酰胺体积的一半, 或者多至与芮氛酰谷氨酰胺体积相当, 然后进行剧 烈搅拌, 形成浆状物或悬浮物, 然后抽滤除去甲醇溶液, 获得含丙氛 酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼, 并用曱醇洗涤数次, 优选洗涤 2-5次, 洗涤用甲 醇的体积占浆状物或悬浮物体积的 1 /3 ~ 1 /2。
7、 根据权利要求 2 至 6之一所述的芮氛酰谷氨酰胺化合物的制 法, 其特征在于,
在步骤 2 中, 抽滤获得的甲醇溶液或者洗涤获得的甲醇溶液循环 用于该步骤中。
8、 根据权利要求 2 至 7 之一所述的丙氛酰谷氛酰胺化合物的制 法, 其特征在于,
在步骤 3 中, 将含丙氛酰谷氛酰胺的滤饼溶于水中, 所获得的水 溶液升温至不高于 80 °C, 优选不高于 70 °C, 更优选不高于 65 °C, 保 持一定时间进行浓縮, 然后加入乙醇, 优选为純度大于 80%的乙醇, 更优选纯度 95%的乙醇, 最优选无水乙醇, 使水溶液与所述乙醇的体 积比为 1 : 1~3, 优选体积比为 1 : 1 -2 , 更优选体积比为 1 : 1〜1.5。
9、 根据权利要求 2 至 8之一所述的丙氛酰谷氛酰胺化合物的制 法, 其特征在于, 在步骤 3 的梯度降温过程中, 权利要求书 在第一个降温区间中, 降温速度为 1.5-2.5Ό/小时, 优选约 2°C/ 小时,
在第二个降温区间中, 降温速度为约 4°C/小时,
在第三个降温区间中, 降温速度为约 5 °C/小时。
10、根据权利要求 2至 9之一所述的丙氨酰谷氨酰胺化合物的制 法, 其特征在于,
结晶完全后, 进行离心洗涤, 干燥, 可采用曱醇洗涤, 采用晾干 方式或真空烘干方式进行干燥。
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