WO2013058568A1 - 전기자동차용 하이브리드 배터리 시스템 - Google Patents
전기자동차용 하이브리드 배터리 시스템 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013058568A1 WO2013058568A1 PCT/KR2012/008529 KR2012008529W WO2013058568A1 WO 2013058568 A1 WO2013058568 A1 WO 2013058568A1 KR 2012008529 W KR2012008529 W KR 2012008529W WO 2013058568 A1 WO2013058568 A1 WO 2013058568A1
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- Prior art keywords
- battery module
- lithium battery
- voltage
- lead storage
- temperature
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery system for an electric vehicle, and more particularly, to a battery system for an electric vehicle that complements a lithium battery and a lead storage battery, and selectively uses according to the amount of power required by the vehicle.
- Electric vehicles are motor-driven vehicles equipped with large-capacity batteries.
- lead capacitors were used as such batteries, but now nickel hydrogen batteries and lithium batteries are mainly used, and lithium batteries are expected to be used in the future.
- Lead capacitors used in the past have the advantages of relatively low price and high reliability, but they are low in output per unit weight, bulky and have a problem in that the output voltage decreases over long periods of use. It is not selected and use is avoided.
- Lithium batteries are in the spotlight as high-output, high-density batteries compared to other batteries.
- lithium batteries are very expensive and their performance is highly dependent on temperature, and especially at high temperatures, electrolyte decomposition occurs, resulting in a significant decrease in lifespan. There is also a risk of fire and explosion.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication Nos. 2010-0001877, 2003-0100891, 2003-0100893 and the like disclose a method for cooling a battery.
- lithium batteries can store about 1 mAh of electrical energy per 10 kg, and electric vehicles can travel 5 to 10 km with about 1 mAh of electrical energy. Therefore, in order to drive about 700km, which is the current driving distance of a car, even if a high density lithium battery is used as a battery, a tonne of battery is required. Therefore, a low density secondary battery such as lead acid battery cannot be used as a battery.
- the driving distance is short, so it is not necessary to use a high density battery. Rather, if a low cost lead acid battery can be used, the cost is reduced, there is no risk of ignition and explosion, there is no need for a complicated structure for cooling. In addition, since there is no need to consider the risk of fire or explosion when arranging the battery, there is an advantage that the battery can be arranged more freely.
- the lead-acid battery has a problem in that it is difficult to travel due to a low output voltage when used for a long time, and it is difficult to cope with a case where high power is required, such as when starting after stopping or driving down a hill because the output is lower than that of a lithium battery. .
- An object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid battery system for an electric vehicle, which is highly reliable and inexpensive as an electric vehicle battery capable of driving about 100 km with a single charge.
- a lead-acid battery module including a lithium battery module and a plurality of lead-acid battery cells including a plurality of lithium battery cells, and the temperature and voltage of the lithium battery module, etc.
- a first sensing unit having a sensor for measuring
- a second sensing unit having a sensor for measuring temperature and voltage of the lead acid battery module, and the first sensing unit and a second sensing unit
- the remaining capacity of the lithium battery module and the lead storage module is measured using the values measured by the first sensing unit and the second sensing unit, the temperature of the lithium battery module is compared with a reference temperature, and the voltage of the lead storage module is measured.
- a control circuit which transmits a control signal in comparison with a reference voltage, and is connected to the lithium battery module and a lead storage module, wherein the lithium battery is in accordance with the control signal.
- the hybrid electric vehicle battery system including a charge-discharge circuit including a switch for selectively discharging the lead-acid battery module or module is provided.
- the hybrid battery system for an electric vehicle may selectively use a lead acid battery module and a lithium battery module to prevent deterioration due to a decrease in the output voltage of the lead battery module and a temperature increase of the lithium battery module. In addition, since the low-cost lead-acid battery module is used together, the manufacturing cost is reduced.
- the control circuit may transmit a control signal for discharging the lead acid battery module when the temperature of the lithium battery module is greater than or equal to the reference temperature and the voltage of the lead acid battery module is greater than or equal to the reference voltage.
- a hybrid battery system for an electric vehicle for transmitting a control signal for discharging the lithium battery module.
- control circuit is connected to the motor control circuit for controlling the motor of the electric vehicle, there is provided a hybrid battery system for an electric vehicle for transmitting a control signal for discharging the lithium battery module when a high output is required in the motor control circuit.
- the control circuit may provide a hybrid battery system for an electric vehicle that generates an alarm or stops the operation of the electric vehicle when the temperature of the lithium battery module is equal to or higher than the reference temperature and the voltage of the lead acid battery module is lower than or equal to the reference voltage. do.
- the charging and discharging circuit measures the voltage and charge rate of each cell during charging and discharging of a lithium battery cell or lead storage cell, and discharges a cell having a high voltage or high charge rate, thereby allowing each cell to be charged and discharged in the same manner.
- a hybrid battery system for an electric vehicle further comprising an equal charging circuit and an equal discharge circuit for controlling the discharge.
- the lead storage module and the lithium battery module may be selectively used to prevent degradation of the output voltage of the lead storage module and the increase of the temperature of the lithium battery module.
- the manufacturing cost is reduced.
- the structure of the system is simple.
- the lead-acid battery is fairly stable, only the lithium battery may be installed in a safe position in consideration of the safety of the occupant, and thus it is easy to arrange the electric vehicle.
- 1 is a configuration diagram of an electric vehicle system.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a hybrid battery system for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the operation of the hybrid battery system for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the hybrid battery system of the present invention can be used not only in pure electric vehicles, but also in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
- the case used for the electric vehicle will be described as an example.
- an electric vehicle includes a motor 1, a motor controller 2, a hybrid battery system 10, and a reduction gear 3.
- the motor 1 of an electric vehicle is also called a motor generator. This is because the battery 1 is charged using the motor 1 as a generator when the brake is applied while driving. This is called sacrificial brake.
- the motor 1 is connected to the wheel 4 through the reduction gear 3.
- the motor controller 2 includes an inverter that converts the direct current of the battery into three-phase alternating current for driving the motor 1 in accordance with the command of the motor control circuit and the motor control circuit.
- the inverter converts direct current into alternating current by turning the power transistor on and off.
- the battery of the hybrid battery system 10 is charged through a quick charging slot 5 used for charging in a quick charging station similar to a general gas station for automobiles and a general charger 6 that can be charged through a general power source used in homes. Can be.
- the battery management system 18 includes a battery management system (BMS).
- BMS battery management system
- the battery management system 18 includes a first sensing unit 13, a second sensing unit 14, a control circuit 15, and a charge / discharge circuit 16.
- the lithium battery module 11 includes a plurality of lithium battery cells connected in series and in parallel.
- the performance of a battery can be expressed in terms of the amount of electrical energy that can be collected (unit: ⁇ h) and the amount of power that can be taken out (unit: kW), and lithium batteries are both superior to lead-acid batteries.
- lithium batteries have a problem in that their properties deteriorate with increasing temperature, there is a risk of explosion, and the price is very expensive.
- the lead storage module 12 includes a plurality of lead storage cells connected in series and parallel.
- Lead-acid batteries have a small amount of electrical energy that can be collected and a small amount of power that can be taken out, but they are inexpensive and have a merit of being a safe battery without the risk of explosion.
- Lead-acid batteries have a characteristic that the output voltage drops when used for a long time, and the output voltage recovers again after a certain period of time, and there is a limitation in using it as an electric vehicle battery because of the small amount of power that can be taken out.
- the lithium battery module 11 has a problem of deterioration due to an increase in temperature, so that the lithium battery module 11 cannot be used for a long time without a cooling device, and the lead acid battery module 12 cannot be used for a long time due to a decrease in output voltage.
- the present invention solves this problem by selectively using the lithium battery module 11 and the lead storage battery module 12.
- a DC / DC converter (not shown) is installed in the lithium battery module 11 and the lead storage battery module 12, respectively, so that the motor 1 Step up to the required voltage.
- the battery management system 18 includes a first sensing unit 13, a second sensing unit 14, a control circuit 15, and a charge / discharge circuit 16.
- the first sensing unit 13 is connected to the lithium battery cell of the lithium battery module 11 to measure the temperature and voltage of each cell.
- the first sensing unit 13 is connected in series using one communication line, and transfers information such as temperature and voltage of each cell to the control circuit 15 through a serial communication method.
- the second sensing unit 14 is connected to the lead storage cell of the lead storage module 12 to measure the temperature and voltage of each cell, and transfers information such as temperature and voltage of each cell to the control circuit 15.
- the control circuit 15 monitors the state of the temperature, voltage, and the like of the lithium battery and the lead storage battery through the information received from the first sensing unit 13 and the second sensing unit 14 and comprehensively manages the state. .
- the control circuit 15 measures a state of charge (SOC) by a coulomb counting method and determines a state of health (SOH). In addition, the power output to the external circuit is estimated.
- the control circuit 15 compares the temperature of the lithium battery cells with a predetermined reference temperature to check whether the lithium battery cells are in a safe state.
- the control circuit 15 compares the voltage of the lead storage cells with a predetermined reference voltage to check whether the lead storage cells can be used.
- the control circuit 15 considers the charge rate of the lithium battery module 11 and the lead storage battery module 12, the temperature of the lithium battery module 11, and the voltage of the lead storage battery module 12. A control signal for selectively discharging one of the lead storage module 12 is generated and transmitted to the charge / discharge circuit 16.
- the control circuit 15 When the lithium battery module 11 and the lead storage battery module 12 are sufficiently charged, and the lead storage battery module 12 is still in use while driving at a constant speed, the voltage of the lead storage battery module 12 is long. It gets lower due to use.
- the control circuit 15 When the voltage of the lead storage battery module 12 falls below the reference voltage, the control circuit 15 generates a control signal for discharging the lithium battery module 11 and transmits it to the charge / discharge circuit 16.
- the control circuit 15 may consider the charge rate of the lithium battery module 11 and the lead acid battery module 12 in consideration of the lithium battery module 11. ) And a lead storage battery module 12 to generate a control signal for discharging. If the temperature of the lithium battery module 11 rises above the reference temperature using the lithium battery module 11, a control signal for discharging the lead storage battery module 12 is generated.
- the control circuit 15 is connected to the motor control circuit of the motor controller 2, so that it is possible to check the driving state such as stopping and starting again or traveling down a hill. If a large output is required according to the driving state, a control signal for discharging the lithium battery module 11 is generated and transmitted to the charge / discharge circuit 16. This is because the lead-acid battery module 12 has low power that can be taken out even when sufficiently charged.
- the charge / discharge circuit 16 is a switch for selectively discharging the lithium battery module 11 and the lead storage battery module 12 in accordance with the control signal of the control circuit 15 and each cell of the modules 11 and 12 at the time of discharge.
- the even discharge circuit takes into account the voltage and charge rate of each cell of the modules 11 and 12 at the time of discharge, and individually discharges the cells having a relatively high voltage and charge rate, thereby allowing a uniform discharge.
- the even charging circuit allows the cells to be uniformly charged by individually discharging cells having a relatively high voltage and a high charging rate in consideration of the voltage and the charging rate of each cell of the modules 11 and 12 during charging.
- the cells having a low state of charge and a low charge rate may be individually charged to uniformly charge the cells.
- the first sensing unit 13 and the second sensing unit 14 measure the temperature and voltage of the lithium battery and the lead storage battery cells (S1 and S2).
- the control circuit 15 uses the data measured by the first sensing unit 13 and the second sensing unit 14 to charge the charge rate and health of the lithium battery module 11 and the lead storage battery module 12.
- the back is measured (S3). It is determined whether the driving state is possible once through the filling rate measurement result (S4). As a result of the measurement, the measured charging rate is transmitted to the driver through a display installed in the driver's seat of the electric vehicle. If both the lithium battery module 11 and the lead storage battery module 12 have a low charging rate and require charging, the driver is informed that the charging is required through the display installed in the driver's seat of the electric vehicle (S12).
- the control circuit 15 compares the temperature value of each cell of the lithium battery module 11 measured by the first sensing unit 13 with the reference temperature (S5).
- the voltage value of each cell of the lead acid battery module 12 measured by the second sensing unit 14 is compared with the reference voltage (S6).
- S5 the temperature value of each cell of the lithium battery module 11
- S6 the reference voltage
- the control circuit 15 stops the operation of the electric vehicle.
- control circuit 15 receives the driving state information of the vehicle through the motor control circuit of the motor controller 2 (S8). Receive driving state information such as whether the vehicle is traveling at a constant speed, stopping and starting again, or driving on a hill.
- the steps S4 to S8 all proceed in the control circuit 15 and may be performed simultaneously or in a different order than the above-described order.
- control circuit 15 determines which module of the lithium battery module 11 and the lead storage battery module 12 to use based on the results obtained in steps S4 to S8 to determine the lithium battery module 11 and the lead storage battery module.
- a control signal for selectively discharging one of (12) is generated and then transmitted to the charge / discharge circuit 16 (S9).
- the charge / discharge circuit 16 discharges one of the lithium battery module 11 and the lead storage battery module 12 in accordance with the control signal (S10).
- the equal discharge circuit discharges the cells having a relatively high voltage and high charge rate to be discharged first, taking into account the voltage and the charge rate of each cell of the modules 11 and 12 to be discharged, thereby allowing a uniform discharge. .
- first detecting unit 14 second detecting unit
- control circuit 16 charge and discharge circuit
Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
- 복수의 리튬 전지 셀들을 포함하는 리튬 전지 모듈 및 복수의 납 축전지 셀들을 포함하는 납 축전지 모듈과,상기 리튬 전지 모듈의 온도 및 전압을 측정하기 위한 센서를 가지는 제1감지유닛과, 상기 납 축전지 모듈의 온도 및 전압을 측정하기 위한 센서를 가지는 제2감지유닛과,상기 제1감지유닛 및 제2감지유닛과 연결되며, 상기 제1감지유닛 및 제2감지유닛에서 측정된 값을 이용하여 상기 리튬 전지 모듈 및 납 축전지 모듈의 잔존용량을 측정하고, 상기 리튬 전지 모듈의 온도를 기준온도와 비교하고, 상기 납 축전지 모듈의 전압을 기준전압과 비교하여, 제어신호를 송신하는 제어회로와,상기 리튬 전지 모듈 및 납 축전지 모듈과 연결되며, 상기 제어신호에 따라 상기 리튬 전지 모듈 또는 납 축전지 모듈을 선택적으로 방전시키는 스위치를 포함하는 충방전 회로를 포함하는 전기자동차용 하이브리드 배터리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어회로는 상기 리튬 전지 모듈의 온도가 기준온도 이상이고, 상기 납 축전지 모듈의 전압이 기준전압 이상이면, 상기 납 축전지 모듈을 방전시키는 제어신호를 송신하며,상기 리튬 전지 모듈의 온도가 기준온도 이하이고, 상기 납 축전지 모듈의 전압이 기준전압 이하이면, 상기 리튬 전지 모듈을 방전시키는 제어신호를 송신하는 전기자동차용 하이브리드 배터리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어회로는 전기자동차의 모터를 제어하는 모터제어회로와 연결되며, 상기 모터제어회로에서 고출력을 요구하면 상기 리튬 전지 모듈을 방전시키는 제어신호를 송신하는 전기자동차용 하이브리드 배터리 시스템.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어회로는 상기 리튬 전지 모듈의 온도가 기준온도 이상이고, 상기 납 축전지 모듈의 전압이 기준전압 이하이면, 경보를 울리거나, 전기자동차의 운행을 중지시키는 전기자동차용 하이브리드 배터리 시스템.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 충방전 회로는 리튬 전지 셀 또는 납 축전지 셀의 충전 및 방전시 각각의 셀의 전압 및 충전률을 측정하고, 전압 또는 충전률이 높은 셀을 방전함으로써, 각각의 셀이 동일하게 충전 및 방전되도록 제어하는 균등 충전회로 및 균등 방전회로를 더 포함하는 전기자동차용 하이브리드 배터리 시스템.
Priority Applications (4)
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JP2014536986A JP5818048B2 (ja) | 2011-10-18 | 2012-10-18 | 電気自動車用ハイブリッドバッテリシステム |
EP12842576.6A EP2769872B1 (en) | 2011-10-18 | 2012-10-18 | Hybrid battery system for an electric vehicle |
US14/352,998 US9676281B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 | 2012-10-18 | Hybrid battery system for electric vehicles |
CN201280061071.1A CN103987567B (zh) | 2011-10-18 | 2012-10-18 | 用于电动车辆的混合电池系统 |
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KR10-2011-0106180 | 2011-10-18 | ||
KR1020110106180A KR101281066B1 (ko) | 2011-10-18 | 2011-10-18 | 전기자동차용 하이브리드 배터리 시스템 |
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EP (1) | EP2769872B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP5818048B2 (ko) |
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CN (1) | CN103987567B (ko) |
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CN111016731A (zh) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 山东元齐新动力科技有限公司 | 一种充电保护电路、电动汽车的充电方法及电动汽车 |
CN111079349A (zh) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-04-28 | 绍兴市上虞区理工高等研究院 | 一种锂电池与超级电容复合电源系统能量实时优化方法 |
CN111079349B (zh) * | 2019-12-28 | 2023-04-07 | 绍兴市上虞区理工高等研究院 | 一种锂电池与超级电容复合电源系统能量实时优化方法 |
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KR20130042088A (ko) | 2013-04-26 |
CN103987567A (zh) | 2014-08-13 |
CN103987567B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
US20140306519A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
EP2769872A4 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
JP2015501121A (ja) | 2015-01-08 |
KR101281066B1 (ko) | 2013-07-09 |
EP2769872A1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
US9676281B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
EP2769872B1 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
JP5818048B2 (ja) | 2015-11-18 |
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