WO2013089510A1 - 전기자동차 및 그 제어방법 - Google Patents

전기자동차 및 그 제어방법 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013089510A1
WO2013089510A1 PCT/KR2012/010952 KR2012010952W WO2013089510A1 WO 2013089510 A1 WO2013089510 A1 WO 2013089510A1 KR 2012010952 W KR2012010952 W KR 2012010952W WO 2013089510 A1 WO2013089510 A1 WO 2013089510A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
soc
charge
state
battery
motor
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PCT/KR2012/010952
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English (en)
French (fr)
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이영환
Original Assignee
(주)브이이엔에스
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Priority to US14/365,770 priority Critical patent/US20140358460A1/en
Publication of WO2013089510A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013089510A1/ko

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    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • B60L3/0046Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01R31/382Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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    • Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric vehicle and a control method thereof, and more particularly, to an electric vehicle and a control method for calculating and displaying a state of charge (SOC) of the battery of the vehicle.
  • SOC state of charge
  • Electric vehicle is a vehicle that obtains power mainly by driving AC or DC motor by using battery power. It is classified into battery-only electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle. Using a motor to drive, recharging when the power is exhausted, the hybrid electric vehicle can run the engine to generate electricity to charge the battery and drive the electric motor using this electricity to move the car.
  • hybrid electric vehicles can be classified into a series and a parallel method, in which the mechanical energy output from the engine is converted into electrical energy through a generator, and the electrical energy is supplied to a battery or a motor so that the vehicle is always driven by a motor. It is a concept of adding an engine and a generator to increase the mileage to an existing electric vehicle, and the parallel method can drive a vehicle with a battery power and drive two vehicles only with an engine (gasoline or diesel). In parallel, depending on the driving conditions, the engine and the motor may drive the vehicle simultaneously.
  • the motor / control technology has also been developed recently, a high power, small size and high efficiency system has been developed.
  • the output and EV power performance acceleration performance, top speed
  • the motor becomes lighter and smaller, which significantly reduces the weight and volume.
  • Such an electric vehicle calculates and displays a battery state of charge (SOC), and the state of charge of the battery (SOC) has a lot of control parameters that change according to the state of the battery or the environment. It is not easy and the cumulative error increases over time, resulting in severe liquidity. There is a problem that the driver's anxiety is created by such a sudden change of state of charge (SOC).
  • SOC battery state of charge
  • an object of the present invention in calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, by using the state of charge (SOC) by the power consumption of the motor, it is possible to consider the remaining amount of the battery can be used actually,
  • the present invention provides an electric vehicle and a method of controlling the same, which may increase the accuracy of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery and increase the reliability of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery.
  • the electric vehicle is a battery for storing electrical energy, a cluster for calculating and displaying the final state of charge (SOC) of the battery, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery every predetermined time charge) a battery management system for transmitting the raw data to the cluster and a motor control unit for measuring the power consumption of the motor every predetermined time and transmits to the cluster, wherein the cluster, the state of charge (SOC) low data of the battery and And a cluster controller configured to calculate the final state of charge (SOC) using the power consumption of the motor and a cluster display unit to display the final state of charge (SOC).
  • SOC final state of charge
  • control method of the electric vehicle comprises the steps of detecting the state of charge (SOC) low data of the battery every predetermined time, measuring the power consumption of the motor every predetermined time, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery low Calculating a final state of charge (SOC) using data and power consumption of the motor; and displaying the final state of charge (SOC).
  • SOC state of charge
  • the electric vehicle and its control method uses the low data indicating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery measured by the cluster control unit and the state of charge (SOC) of the final battery using the state of charge (SOC) by the power consumption of the motor. Can be calculated.
  • the reliability of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery can be secured, and a sense of stability can be provided to the driver.
  • FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing the internal configuration of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • SOC state of charge
  • SOC state of charge
  • FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing the internal configuration of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an electric vehicle includes a battery 110, a voltage detector 120, a battery management system 130, a cluster 140, a motor controller 150, and a motor 160.
  • the sensor unit 170 and the power relay unit 180 are included.
  • the electric vehicle includes a battery 110 as described above, and operates by using the power charged in the battery as an operating power source, and the battery 110 is provided by receiving power from a predetermined charging station or vehicle charging facility or externally at home. To charge.
  • Battery 110 is composed of a plurality of battery cells, and stores a high voltage electrical energy. At this time, the electric vehicle controls the charging of the battery 110, determines the remaining capacity of the battery 110, the need for charging, and performs management for supplying the charging current stored in the battery 110 to each part of the electric vehicle. It further includes a battery management system (BMS) 130.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the battery management system 130 When the battery management system 130 charges and uses the battery 110, the battery management system 130 maintains the voltage difference between the cells in the battery 110 evenly, thereby controlling the battery 110 from being overcharged or overdischarged so as to control the life of the battery 110. To extend.
  • the voltage detector 120 detects the magnitude of the output voltage of the battery 110 and checks the state of charge of the battery SOC. In addition, the detected voltage value may be output to transmit information about the detected voltage value to the battery management system 130.
  • the battery management system 130 may output the battery charge state SOC and the battery voltage of the current battery 110 to the cluster controller 143.
  • the power relay assembly (PRA) 180 includes a plurality of relays and a sensor to switch the high voltage, and apply or cut off the high voltage operating power applied from the battery 110 to the motor controller 150. .
  • the power relay unit 180 operates a relay by a control command of a vehicle controller (not shown).
  • the power relay unit 180 switches the plurality of relays provided in a predetermined order according to a control command of a vehicle controller (not shown) when the vehicle is started or when the vehicle is turned off.
  • a vehicle controller not shown
  • the high voltage operating power stored in should be applied.
  • the power relay unit 180 may cut off the power applied from the battery 110 to the motor control unit 150, and as the power supplied to the motor 160 is cut off, the vehicle also stops as the motor 160 stops. do.
  • the motor controller 150 generates a control signal for driving at least one motor 160 connected to the motor controller 150, and generates and applies a predetermined signal for motor control.
  • the motor controller 150 may control the driving of the motor 160 by controlling the inverter or the converter including an inverter (not shown) and a converter (not shown).
  • the sensor unit 170 detects a signal generated during a vehicle driving or a predetermined operation and inputs the signal to a vehicle controller (not shown).
  • the sensor unit 170 includes a plurality of sensors inside and outside the vehicle to input various sensing signals. At this time, the type of the sensor may also be different depending on the installed position.
  • the sensor unit 170 includes a wheel sensor that detects a wheel speed for calculating a torque value, and a slope sensor that detects a tilt of the vehicle.
  • the sensor unit 170 may include a plurality of sensors and measure the input current of the motor 160 and the rotor angle of the motor 160 to transmit the measured value to the motor controller 150.
  • the cluster 140 may include a cluster controller 143 and a cluster display unit 145.
  • the cluster controller 143 may calculate the state of charge (SOC) of the battery using the data received from the motor controller 150 or the battery management system 130.
  • the data may be low data of the state of charge (SOC) measured in the battery, the amount of the state of charge (SOC) last charged, the amount of power consumed by the motor 160.
  • the cluster display unit 145 may output information during the current state operation of the electric vehicle, for example, a mileage, a speed, a temperature, and the like.
  • the cluster display unit 145 may inform the driver of the current vehicle information, including a display unit for displaying information, a speaker for outputting music, an effect sound and a warning sound, and various states.
  • the cluster display unit 145 may output the final state of charge (SOC) received from the cluster controller 143 to display the current state of the battery to the driver.
  • SOC final state of charge
  • SOC state of charge
  • the cluster controller 143 may receive data from the battery management system 130 and the motor controller 150 to calculate a state of charge (SOC) of a battery.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the state of charge (SOC) of the battery is a value representing the current state of charge of the battery, a value representing the percentage of the current holding amount to the maximum available capacity of the battery.
  • the cluster controller 143 does not display the state of charge (SOC) of the battery as a value obtained by correcting the low data of the state of charge (SOC) measured by the battery or the low data of the state of charge (SOC), and to increase the accuracy of the motor. In consideration of the power consumption of the calculated state of charge (SOC) of the battery. At this time, the process of calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery is as follows.
  • Equation 1 is a process of calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery by the power consumption of the motor 160, where calSOC (t) represents the state of charge (SOC) by the power consumption of the motor, chargSOC of the electric vehicle The state of charge (SOC) of the finally charged battery, and accSOC (t) is the consumption of the accumulated state of charge (SOC) by the power consumption of the motor.
  • accSOC (t) is calculated by multiplying accPwr (t) by 100/30600, where accSOC (t) is a cumulative power consumption of the motor calculated as power consumption.
  • Equation 2 is a process of calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery by correcting the low data of the state of charge (SOC) measured from the battery input from the battery management system, where FSOC (t) is corrected at time t The state of charge (SOC) of the battery is shown, and the FSOC (t-1) represents the state of charge (SOC) of the battery corrected at t-1 hours.
  • rawSOC (t) is the low data of the battery state of charge (SOC) calculated based on the output voltage measured by the voltage detector 120 at time t.
  • Equation 3 is a process of calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the final battery, where calSOC (t) is a value calculated in Equation 1, FSOC (t) is a value calculated in Equation 2. By substituting these values, the final SOC (t) of the battery can be calculated.
  • the cluster display unit 145 may output the final state of charge (SOC) of the battery calculated by the cluster controller 143.
  • the cluster display unit 145 may display the final state of charge (SOC) numerically, or display the final state of charge (SOC) of the battery using a needle indicating a scale.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the graph of Comparative Example 1 shows a low data value of the state of charge SOC measured by the battery 110.
  • the graph of Comparative Example 2 shows the state of charge (SOC) of the corrected battery obtained by correcting the low data of the state of charge (SOC).
  • the graph displayed as an experimental example shows the final state of charge (SOC) in consideration of the state of charge (SOC) of the corrected battery and the state of charge (SOC) by the power consumption of the motor.
  • Comparative Example 1 shows the low data of the measured state of charge (SOC), the error is large, the accuracy of the value is inferior.
  • Comparative Example 2 is a state of charge (SOC) that primarily corrected the low data of the measured state of charge (SOC), but the accuracy is not accurate because it cannot accurately calculate the amount that can be used and used in the actual motor 160.
  • the state of charge (SOC) of the battery can be seen to change stably, which is a value considering the state of charge (SOC) consumed by the power consumption of the motor. You can increase the accuracy.
  • the electric vehicle and the control method according to the present invention use not only the low data of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery but also the state of charge (SOC) by the power consumption of the motor, by calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery,
  • the driver may display the state of charge (SOC) of the battery more accurate than the state of charge (SOC) of the charged state (SOC) or the corrected state of charge (SOC) of the battery.
  • the stable value can give the driver confidence in the state of charge (SOC) value, thereby enhancing the overall safety of the electric vehicle.

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Abstract

본 발명은 전기자동차 및 그 제어방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 전기자동차는 전기에너지를 저장하는 배터리, 상기 배터리의 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하고 표시하는 클러스터, 소정시간마다 상기 배터리의 충전상태(SOC; State of charge) 로우데이터를 상기 클러스터로 전송하는 배터리 관리 시스템 및 소정시간마다 모터의 전력 소모량을 측정하여 상기 클러스터로 전송하는 모터제어부를 포함하고, 상기 클러스터는, 상기 배터리의 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터와 상기 모터의 전력 소모량을 이용하여 상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 클러스터 제어부 및 상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 표시하는 클러스터 표시부를 포함한다.

Description

전기자동차 및 그 제어방법
본 발명은 전기자동차 및 그 제어방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 차량의 배터리의 충전상태(SOC; State of Charge)를 연산하여 표시하는 전기자동차 및 그 제어방법에 관한 것이다.
전기자동차는 장래의 자동차 공해 및 에너지 문제를 해결할 수 있는 가장 가능성 높은 대안이라는 점에서 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다.
전기자동차(EV ; Electric vehicle)는 주로 배터리의 전원을 이용하여 AC 또는 DC 모터를 구동하여 동력을 얻는 자동차로서, 크게 배터리전용 전기자동차와 하이브리드 전기자동차로 분류되며, 배터리전용 전기자동차는 배터리의 전원을 이용하여 모터를 구동하며, 전원이 다 소모되면 재충전하고, 하이브리드 전기자동차는 엔진을 가동하여 전기발전을 하여 배터리에 충전을 하고 이 전기를 이용하여 전기모터를 구동하여 차를 움직이게 할 수 있다.
또한, 하이브리드 전기자동차는 직렬 방식과 병렬 방식으로 분류될 수 있으며, 직렬 방식은 엔진에서 출력되는 기계적 에너지는 발전기를 통하여 전기적 에너지로 바뀌고 이 전기적 에너지가 배터리나 모터로 공급되어 차량은 항상 모터로 구동되는 자동차로 기존의 전기자동차에 주행거리의 증대를 위하여 엔진과 발전기를 추가시킨 개념이고, 병렬 방식은 배터리 전원으로도 차를 움직이게 할 수 있고 엔진(가솔린 또는 디젤)만으로도 차량을 구동시키는 두 가지 동력원을 사용하고 주행조건에 따라 병렬 방식은 엔진과 모터가 동시에 차량을 구동할 수도 있다.
또한, 최근 모터/제어기술도 점점 발달하여 고출력, 소형이면서 효율이 높은 시스템이 개발되고 있다. DC모터를 AC모터로 변환함에 따라 출력과 EV의 동력성능(가속성능, 최고속도)이 크게 향상되어 가솔린차에 비하여 손색없는 수준에 도달하였다. 고출력화를 추진하면서 고회전화 함에 따라 모터가 경량소형화되어 탑재 중량이나 용적도 크게 감소하였다.
이러한 전기자동차는 배터리 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하여 표시하는데, 이러한 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)는 배터리의 상태나 환경에 따라 변화하는 제어 파라미터들이 많아 실제 배터리 충전상태(SOC)를 정확히 따라가기가 쉽지 않고 시간이 지남에 따라 누적되는 오차가 증가하여 유동성이 심하다. 이러한 급격한 충전상태(SOC)의 변화로 운전자의 불안감이 조성된다는 문제점이 있다.
따라서, 본 발명의 목적은 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 연산함에 있어, 모터의 전력 소모량에 의한 충전상태(SOC)를 이용하여 연산함으로써, 실제 사용되고, 사용할 수 있는 배터리의 잔량을 고려할 수 있으며, 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)의 정확도를 높이고 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)에 대한 신뢰성을 증가시킬 수 있는 전기자동차 및 그 제어방법을 제공함에 있다.
상기 과제를 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명에 따른 전기자동차는 전기에너지를 저장하는 배터리, 상기 배터리의 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하고 표시하는 클러스터, 소정시간마다 상기 배터리의 충전상태(SOC; State of charge) 로우데이터를 상기 클러스터로 전송하는 배터리 관리 시스템 및 소정시간마다 모터의 전력 소모량을 측정하여 상기 클러스터로 전송하는 모터제어부를 포함하고, 상기 클러스터는, 상기 배터리의 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터와 상기 모터의 전력 소모량을 이용하여 상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 클러스터 제어부 및 상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 표시하는 클러스터 표시부를 포함한다.
또한, 본 발명에 따른 전기자동차의 제어방법은 소정시간마다 배터리의 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터를 검출하는 단계, 소정시간마다 모터의 전력 소모량을 측정하는 단계, 상기 배터리의 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터 및 상기 모터의 전력 소모량을 이용하여 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 단계 및 상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 표시하는 단계를 포함한다.
본 발명에 따른 전기자동차 및 그 제어방법은 클러스터 제어부에서 측정된 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 나타내는 로우데이터와 모터 전력 소모에 의한 충전상태(SOC)를 이용하여 최종 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 연산할 수 있다.
따라서, 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)에 대한 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있고, 운전자에게 안정감을 제공할 수 있다.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 내부 구성을 개략적으로 나타낸 도이다.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)에 대한 연산흐름을 개략적으로 나타낸 도이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 주행거리에 따른 배터리의충전상태(SOC)를 나타내는 그래프이다.
본 발명의 이점 및 특징, 그리고 그것들을 달성하는 방법은 첨부되는 도면과 함께 상세하게 후술되어 있는 실시예들을 참조하면 명확해질 것이다. 그러나 본 발명은 이하에서 개시되는 실시예들에 한정되는 것이 아니라 서로 다른 다양한 형태로 구현될 수 있으며, 단지 본 실시예들은 본 발명의 개시가 완전하도록 하고, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 발명의 범주를 완전하게 알려주기 위해 제공되는 것이며, 본 발명은 청구항의 범주에 의해 정의될 뿐이다. 명세서 전체에 걸쳐 동일 참조 부호는 동일 구성 요소를 지칭한다.
이하, 본 발명의 실시예들에 의한 전기자동차 및 그 제어방법을 설명하기 위한 도면들을 참고하여 본 발명에 대해 설명하도록 한다.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 내부 구성을 개략적으로 나타낸 도이다.
도 1을 참조하면, 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전기자동차는 배터리(110), 전압검출부(120), 배터리 관리 시스템(130), 클러스터(140), 모터제어부(150), 모터(160), 센서부(170), 전력릴레이부(180)를 포함한다.
전기자동차는 상기와 같이 배터리(110)를 포함하여, 배터리에 충전된 전원을 동작전원으로 이용하여 동작하며, 소정의 충전소 또는 차량 충전설비 또는 가정에서 외부로부터 전원을 공급받아 구비되는 배터리(110)를 충전한다.
배터리(110)는 복수의 배터리셀로 구성되어, 고전압의 전기에너지를 저장한다. 이 때, 전기자동차는 배터리(110)의 충전을 제어하고 배터리(110)의 잔여용량, 충전 필요성을 판단하며, 배터리(110)에 저장된 충전전류를 전기자동차의 각 부로 공급하는데 따른 관리를 수행하는 배터리 관리 시스템(BMS; Battery management system)(130)을 더 포함한다.
배터리 관리 시스템(130)은 배터리(110)를 충전하고 사용할 때, 배터리(110) 내의 셀 간의 전압차를 고르게 유지하여, 배터리(110)가 과충전되거나 과방전되지 않도록 제어함으로써 배터리(110)의 수명을 연장한다.
전압검출부(120)는 배터리(110)의 출력전압의 크기를 검출하여, 배터리 충전상태(SOC)를 체크한다. 또한, 검출된 전압치를 출력하여 검출된 전압치에 관한 정보를 배터리 관리 시스템(130)으로 송신할 수 있다.
배터리 관리 시스템(130)은 현재 배터리(110)의 배터리 충전상태(SOC) 및 배터리 전압을 클러스터 제어부(143)에 출력할 수 있다.
전력릴레이부(PRA; Power relay assembly)(180)는 고전압을 스위칭하기 위해 복수의 릴레이와, 센서를 포함하여 배터리(110)로부터 인가되는 고전압의 동작전원을 모터제어부(150)로 인가하거나 차단한다. 이때 전력릴레이부(180)는 차량제어부(미도시)의 제어명령에 의해 릴레이가 동작한다.
전력릴레이부(180)는 차량 시동 시 또는 차량의 시동이 꺼지는 경우, 차량제어부(미도시)의 제어명령에 따라, 구비되는 복수의 릴레이를 소정 순서에 따라 스위칭 함으로써, 차량의 각 부로 배터리(110)에 저장된 고전압의 동작전원이 인가되도록 한다.
전력릴레이부(180)는 배터리(110)로부터 모터제어부(150)로 인가되는 전원을 차단할 수 있으며, 모터(160)로 공급되는 전원이 차단되므로 모터(160)가 정지하게 됨에 따라 차량 또한 정지하게 된다.
모터제어부(150)는 모터제어부(150)에 연결되어 있는 적어도 하나의 모터(160)를 구동하기 위한 제어신호를 생성하는데 모터제어를 위한 소정의 신호를 생성하여 인가한다. 이때 모터제어부(150)는 인버터(미도시) 및 컨버터(미도시)를 포함하여 인버터 또는 컨버터를 제어함으로써 모터(160)의 구동을 제어할 수 있다.
센서부(170)는 차량 주행, 또는 소정 동작 중에 발생하는 신호를 감지하여 이를 차량제어부(미도시)로 입력한다. 센서부(170)는 차량 내부 및 외부에 복수의 센서를 포함하여 다양한 감지신호를 입력한다. 이때 설치되는 위치에 따라 센서의 종류 또한 상이할 수 있다. 센서부(170)는 토크값 계산을 위하여 휠(wheel) 속력을 감지하는 휠 센서, 차량의 기울기를 감지하는 슬로프(slope) 센서를 포함한다.
센서부(170)는 복수의 센서를 포함하며 모터(160)의 입력전류 및 모터(160)의 로우터 각도를 측정하여 모터제어부(150)로 측정값을 전송할 수 있다.
클러스터(140)는 클러스터 제어부(143)와 클러스터 표시부(145)를 포함할 수 있다.
클러스터 제어부(143)는 모터제어부(150) 또는 배터리 관리 시스템(130)으로부터 입력받은 데이터를 이용하여, 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 연산할 수 있다. 이 때, 상기 데이터는 배터리에서 측정된 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터, 최종 충전된 충전상태(SOC)의 양, 모터(160)에서 소모한 전력량일 수 있다.
클러스터 표시부(145)는 전기 자동차의 현 상태 동작 중 정보, 예를 들어, 주행거리, 속도, 온도 등을 외부로 출력할 수 있다. 클러스터 표시부(145)는 정보를 표시하는 디스플레이부, 음악, 효과음 및 경고음을 출력하는 스피커 그리고 각종 상태 등을 포함하여 운전자에게 현재 차량의 정보를 알려 줄 수 있다.
또한, 클러스터 표시부(145)는 클러스터 제어부(143)로부터 입력받은 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 출력하여, 운전자에게 배터리의 현재상태를 표시할 수 있다.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)에 대한 연산흐름을 개략적으로 나타낸 도이다.
도 2를 참조하면, 도 1에서 상술한 바와 같이 클러스터 제어부(143)는 배터리 관리 시스템(130) 및 모터제어부(150)로부터 데이터를 입력받아 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 연산할 수 있다.
배터리의 충전상태(SOC)는 배터리의 현재 충전상태를 나타내는 값으로, 배터리의 가용최대용량 대비 현재보유량의 백분율을 나타내는 값이다. 클러스터 제어부(143)는 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 배터리에서 측정된 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터 또는 상기 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터를 보정한 값만으로 표시하지 않고, 정확도를 높이기 위해 모터의 전력소모량을 고려하여, 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 연산한다. 이 때, 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 과정은 다음과 같다.
수학식 1
Figure PCTKR2012010952-appb-M000001
수학식 1은 모터(160)의 전력소모에 의한 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 과정으로 여기서, calSOC(t)는 모터 전력 소모에 의한 충전상태(SOC)를 나타내며, chargSOC는 전기자동차의 최종적으로 충전된 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)이고, accSOC(t)는 모터의 전력 소모에 의한 누적된 충전상태(SOC)의 소모량이다. 이 때, accSOC(t)는 accPwr(t)에 100/30600을 곱하여 연산하는데, accSOC(t)는 전력 소모로 계산한 모터의 누적 전력 소모량이다.
수학식 2
Figure PCTKR2012010952-appb-M000002
수학식 2는 배터리 관리 시스템으로부터 입력받은 배터리에서 측정된 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터를 보정한 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 과정으로, 이때, FSOC(t)는 t시간에 보정된 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 나타내며, FSOC(t-1)은 t-1시간에 보정된 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 나타낸다. 또한, rawSOC(t)는 t시간에 전압검출부(120)에서 측정된 출력전압을 바탕으로 계산된 배터리 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터이다.
수학식 3
Figure PCTKR2012010952-appb-M000003
수학식 3은 최종 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 과정으로, 이때, calSOC(t)는 수학식 1에서 계산한 값이고, FSOC(t)는 수학식 2에서 연산한 값이다. 상기 값들을 대입하여, 배터리의 최종 SOC(t)를 연산할 수 있다.
클러스터 표시부(145)는 클러스터 제어부(143)에서 계산된 배터리의 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 출력할 수 있다. 클러스터 표시부(145)는 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 숫자로 표시하거나, 눈금을 가리키는 바늘을 이용하여 배터리의 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 표시할 수 있다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 전기자동차의 주행거리에 따른 배터리의충전상태(SOC)를 나타내는 그래프이다.
도 3을 참조하면, 비교예 1의 그래프는 배터리(110)에서 측정된 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터값을 나타낸다. 비교예 2의 그래프는 상기 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터를 보정하여 얻은 보정된 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 나타낸다. 실험예로 표시된 그래프는 보정된 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)와 모터의 전력 소모에 의한 충전상태(SOC)를 고려한 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 나타낸다.
실험예와 비교예 1 및 비교예 2를 비교하면, 비교예 1 및 비교예 2에서는 클러스터 표시부(145)에 표시되는 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)가 급격하게 변하며 표시되는 것을 볼 수 있다. 특히, 비교예 1에서는 측정된 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터를 나타낸 것으로, 오차발생이 커서 값의 정확도가 떨어진다. 비교예 2는 측정된 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터를 1차적으로 보정한 충전상태(SOC) 값이지만, 실제 모터(160)에서 사용되고 사용할 수 있는 양을 정확히 연산하지 못하여 정확도가 떨어진다.
이에 비해, 실험예에서는 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)가 안정되게 변하며 표시되는 것을 볼 수 있으며, 이는 모터의 소비전력으로 소모하는 충전상태(SOC)까지도 고려한 값으로 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)에 대한 정확도를 높일 수 있다.
따라서, 본 발명에 따른 전기자동차 및 제어방법은 배터리 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터 뿐만 아니라 모터소모전력에 의한 충전상태(SOC)도 함께 이용하여, 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 연산함으로써, 측정된 충전상태(SOC)의 로우데이터 또는 상기 로우데이터를 이용하여 보정된 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)보다 더 정확한 배터리의 충전상태(SOC)를 운전자에게 표시할 수 있다. 또한 안정된 값으로 운전자에게 충전상태(SOC)값에 대한 신뢰성을 줄 수 있어, 전기자동차의 전체적인 안전성을 강화할 수 있다.
이상에서는 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 대하여 도시하고 설명하였지만, 본 발명은 상술한 특정의 실시예에 한정되지 아니하며, 특허청구범위에서 청구하는 본 발명의 요지를 벗어남이 없이 당해 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 의해 다양한 변형실시가 가능한 것은 물론이고, 이러한 변형실시들은 본 발명의 기술적 사상이나 전망으로부터 개별적으로 이해되어서는 안될 것이다.

Claims (9)

  1. 전기에너지를 저장하는 배터리;
    상기 배터리의 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하고 표시하는 클러스터;
    소정시간마다 상기 배터리의 충전상태(SOC; State of charge) 로우데이터를 상기 클러스터로 전송하는 배터리 관리 시스템; 및
    소정시간마다 모터의 전력 소모량을 측정하여 상기 클러스터로 전송하는 모터제어부를 포함하고,
    상기 클러스터는,
    상기 배터리의 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터와 상기 모터의 전력 소모량을 이용하여 상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 클러스터 제어부; 및
    상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 표시하는 클러스터 표시부를 포함하는 전기자동차.
  2. 제1항에 있어서,
    상기 배터리의 출력전압을 검출하여 상기 배터리 관리 시스템으로 전송하는 전압검출부를 더 포함하는 전기자동차.
  3. 제1항에 있어서,
    상기 클러스터 제어부는,
    상기 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터를 이용하여 보정된 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하고, 상기 모터의 전력 소모량을 이용하여 모터의 전력 소모에 의한 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하여, 상기 보정된 충전상태(SOC)와 상기 모터의 전력 소모에 의한 충전상태(SOC)를 이용하여 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 전기자동차.
  4. 제3항에 있어서,
    상기 클러스터 제어부는,
    상기 보정된 충전상태(SOC)를 식(1)을 이용하여 연산하며,
    FSOC(t)=FSOC(t-1)-(FSOC(t-1)-rawSOC(t))*0.1 --- 식(1)
    상기 FSOC는 상기 보정된 충전상태(SOC)이고, 상기 rawSOC는 상기 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터인 전기자동차.
  5. 제4항에 있어서,
    상기 클러스터 제어부는,
    상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 식(2)를 이용하여 연산하며,
    (chargSOC-accSOC(t))*FSOC(t)/100+FSOC(t)*(1-FSOC(t))/100 --- 식(2)
    상기 chargSOC는 최종 충전된 배터리양(%)이고, 상기 accSOC는 전력 소모에 의한 충전상태(SOC)인 전기자동차.
  6. 소정시간마다 배터리의 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터를 검출하는 단계;
    소정시간마다 모터의 전력 소모량을 측정하는 단계;
    상기 배터리의 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터 및 상기 모터의 전력 소모량을 이용하여 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 단계; 및
    상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 표시하는 단계를 포함하는 전기자동차의 제어방법.
  7. 제6항에 있어서,
    상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 단계는,
    상기 배터리의 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터를 이용하여 보정된 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 단계;
    상기 모터의 전력 소모량을 이용하여 모터의 전력소모에 의한 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 단계; 및
    상기 보정된 충전상태(SOC)와 상기 모터의 전력 소모에 의한 충전상태(SOC)를 이용하여 최종 충전상태(SOC)를 연산하는 단계를 포함하는 전기자동차의 제어방법.
  8. 제7항에 있어서,
    상기 보정된 충전상태(SOC)은 식(1)을 이용하여 연산하며,
    FSOC(t)=FSOC(t-1)-(FSOC(t-1)-rawSOC(t))*0.1---식(1)
    상기 FSOC는 보정된 충전상태(SOC)이고, 상기 rawSOC는 상기 배터리의 충전상태(SOC) 로우데이터인 전기자동차의 제어방법.
  9. 제8항에 있어서,
    상기 최종 충전상태(SOC)는 식(2)를 이용하여 연산하며,
    (chargSOC-accSOC(t))*FSOC(t)/100+FSOC(t)*(1-FSOC(t))/100---식(2)
    상기 chargSOC는 최종 충전된 배터리양(%)이고, 상기 accSOC는 모터 전력 소모에 의한 충전상태(SOC)인 전기자동차의 제어방법.
PCT/KR2012/010952 2011-12-16 2012-12-14 전기자동차 및 그 제어방법 WO2013089510A1 (ko)

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KR102417533B1 (ko) * 2017-09-14 2022-07-05 현대자동차주식회사 자동차용 공조장치-isg 제어 시스템 및 방법
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