WO2013054769A1 - 圧粉成形体の成形方法 - Google Patents
圧粉成形体の成形方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013054769A1 WO2013054769A1 PCT/JP2012/076015 JP2012076015W WO2013054769A1 WO 2013054769 A1 WO2013054769 A1 WO 2013054769A1 JP 2012076015 W JP2012076015 W JP 2012076015W WO 2013054769 A1 WO2013054769 A1 WO 2013054769A1
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- lubricant
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- peripheral surface
- punch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/0005—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses
- B30B15/0011—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing for briquetting presses lubricating means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/24—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F2003/026—Mold wall lubrication or article surface lubrication
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/33—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials mixtures of metallic and non-metallic particles; metallic particles having oxide skin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a green compact by pressing a raw material powder to form a green compact.
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a green compact that forms a green compact that is a material for a magnetic core such as a reactor or a motor.
- Magnetic parts including a magnetic core made of a soft magnetic material such as iron, an alloy thereof, or an oxide such as ferrite and a coil disposed on the magnetic core are used in various fields. Specifically, for example, there are motor parts, transformers, reactors, choke coils, and the like that are used for in-vehicle parts mounted on vehicles such as hybrid cars and electric cars, and power circuit parts for various electric devices.
- the magnetic core is formed by laminating a plurality of thin electromagnetic steel sheets, filling the mold with powder made of the soft magnetic material (hereinafter referred to as soft magnetic powder), and then forming the obtained powder compact.
- soft magnetic powder powder made of the soft magnetic material
- an energy loss called iron loss (generally the sum of hysteresis loss and eddy current loss) occurs in the magnetic core. Since eddy current loss is proportional to the square of the operating frequency, when the magnetic component is used at a high frequency of several kHz or more, iron loss becomes significant. Thus, when the operating frequency is high, eddy current loss can be effectively reduced by using coated particles (for example, Patent Document 1) having an insulating layer on the outer periphery of soft magnetic metal particles such as iron and iron alloy. As a result, iron loss can be reduced.
- a lubricant is applied to the mold by spraying or brushing to reduce the friction between the mold and the compacted body, thereby compacting the compact. It has been made to increase sex.
- the lubricant in this way, the insulating layer formed by sliding contact between the coated particles and the mold or sliding contact between the particles is used.
- the compacting body which suppresses damage and is excellent in insulation is obtained.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a green compact capable of forming the green compact with uniform quality and high productivity.
- the present inventors use an independent application means such as a spray as a technique for uniformly and thinly applying a lubricant to a surface (hereinafter referred to as a slidable contact surface) that can be slidably contacted with a molded body in a molding die.
- a mold lubricant supply port was provided in the mold and the mold itself was used as a means for applying the lubricant.
- the present inventors assumed that the green compact is continuously formed with good productivity by continuously repeating the powder feeding ⁇ molding, and lubrication utilizing the relative movement of the punch and the die.
- the application of the agent was examined.
- the supply port of the lubricant for the mold may be blocked due to accumulation of fine raw material powder that has passed through the gap between the die and the punch. It has been found that the stable supply and application of the agent may be hindered.
- the present inventors have completed the method for forming the green compact of the present invention.
- molding method of this invention compacting body is prescribed
- a raw material powder is filled in a cavity formed by a relatively movable first punch and a die, and the raw material in the cavity is formed by the first punch and the second punch.
- the present invention relates to a method for forming a green compact by pressing powder and forming a green compact.
- This molding method of the present invention includes the following preparation process, coating process, and molding process. [Preparation step]: A step of preparing raw material powder.
- [Coating step] A mold lubricant is present between the outer peripheral surface of the first punch and the inner peripheral surface of the die, and in this state, the first punch and the die are relatively moved, Applying the mold lubricant to the inner peripheral surface of the die;
- a step of pressing the powder to form a green compact In the coating step, the mold lubricant is discharged from the supply port provided in the die or the first punch, and is discharged from the discharge port provided in the die or the first punch.
- the mold lubricant is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the die while recovering the lubricant.
- the mold lubricant may be discharged continuously or intermittently.
- the above-described molding method of the present invention can be used for molding any powder compact, but is particularly suitable for producing a powder magnetic core (a powder compact) that is a material for a magnetic core such as a reactor or a motor.
- a powder magnetic core a powder compact
- the raw material powder prepared in the preparation step in the molding method of the present invention is a raw material powder containing a coated soft magnetic powder that is an aggregate of soft magnetic metal particles provided with an insulating layer
- a powder magnetic core (pressure) A powder compact) can be formed.
- the components of the molding die such as the first punch and the die are used as the coating means, and the coating operation is performed by utilizing the relative movement of both. There is no need to place it near the mold. In addition, since this operation substantially overlaps the operation for molding and the operation for coating, the work efficiency at the time of molding is good and the productivity of the green compact is excellent.
- excess mold lubricant is discharged from the discharge port while supplying the mold lubricant from the supply port between the outer peripheral surface of the first punch and the inner peripheral surface of the die. Since it has a configuration (hereinafter sometimes referred to as circulation supply), excessive supply and application of the lubricant for the mold can be prevented.
- circulation supply fine raw material powder that has passed through the gap between the die and the punch can be collected together with the discharge of excess mold lubricant, and the powder accumulates in the mold or closes the supply port. Can be prevented. For these reasons, even if the number of compacted compacts to be continuously formed increases, a compact compact with uniform quality can be molded with good productivity.
- the arrangement of the supply port and the discharge port in the molding die for achieving the above-described circulation supply can be any of the following (1) to (3). That is, (1) both the supply port and the discharge port are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first punch, (2) both the supply port and the discharge port are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the die, and (3) the supply port and the discharge port Either one is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the die and the other is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first punch.
- the outer periphery of the first punch is lubricated with the mold. It is preferable to provide a reservoir groove for temporarily storing the agent.
- the width, length, and depth of the accumulation groove are not particularly limited.
- a groove connected to the supply port may be provided to disperse the lubricant for the mold discharged from the supply port, or a groove connected to the discharge port.
- a collecting groove that collects excess lubricant for the mold and guides it to the discharge port may be provided.
- both the supply port and the discharge port are provided in either the die or the first punch, it is preferable to connect the dispersion groove and the collection groove, that is, to form one circulation groove extending from the supply port toward the discharge port. .
- the width, length, and depth of the dispersion groove, collection groove, and circulation groove are not particularly limited.
- a mold lubricant may be applied over the entire circumference of the inner peripheral surface of the die in the coating step.
- the mold lubricant supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o are arranged at different positions in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the first punch (lower punch 12), and the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o are further connected by the circulation groove 12g.
- the annular groove 12g has a length of more than one round of the outer circumference of the lower punch 12.
- a mold lubricant may be applied to a part of the inner peripheral surface of the die.
- the mold lubricant When the mold lubricant is applied to a part of the inner peripheral surface of the die, the mold lubricant is applied so as to divide the inner peripheral surface of the die in the circumferential direction, that is, substantially parallel to the pressurizing direction. In this way, a lubricant for molds is applied.
- a powder magnetic core a powder compact
- a region having a healthy insulating layer extending substantially parallel to the pressing direction can be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the green compact.
- the port 12i and the discharge port 12o may be arranged at positions shifted in the circumferential direction or the axial direction of the lower punches 12A to 12C and connected by the circulation groove 12g.
- a raw material powder in which a raw material lubricant composed of a solid lubricant is mixed can be prepared in the preparation step.
- the raw material powder is mixed with the raw material powder by mixing the raw material powder with the lubricant for the raw material. Friction between the constituting particles and the molding die and between the particles can be reduced.
- a powder magnetic core (a powder compact) is produced using a raw material powder containing a coated soft magnetic powder, by reducing the friction between the particles, not only the sliding contact surface of the powder compact but also the pressure Damage to the insulating layer inside the powder molded body can be effectively suppressed, and a dust core having a small iron loss can be obtained.
- the die lubricant applied to the inner peripheral surface of the die is a form in which particles made of a solid lubricant are dispersed in a liquid medium having no flammability. Can do.
- the lubricant can be uniformly applied to the inner peripheral surface of the die as compared with the case of using only a solid lubricant or a liquid lubricant. It is easy to maintain this uniform application state. For example, when only solid lubricant powder is used as a mold lubricant, the lubricant supply port and discharge port are clogged, or the fluidity is inferior to that of the above-mentioned dispersant, so that it adheres to the inner peripheral surface of the die. There is a risk of falling by gravity even if applied.
- a liquid lubricant when used as a mold lubricant, for example, a liquid lubricant having a high viscosity such as grease clogs the supply port and the discharge port as in the case of using only the solid lubricant described above. Insufficient fluidity may lead to excessive or insufficient lubricant (coating spots).
- the liquid medium serves as an aid for enhancing the fluidity of particles made of a solid lubricant, and as described above, the coating operation is easy and the die is applied to the inner peripheral surface of the die.
- the uniformity of the presence state of the lubricant can be improved.
- the safety of the operator can be improved by making the liquid medium not flammable.
- the solid lubricant in the mold lubricant contains ethylene bis stearamide.
- Ethylene bis stearamide is excellent in lubricity.
- the insulating layer of each particle constituting the powder can be effectively prevented from being damaged by the excellent lubricity.
- ethylene bis-stearic acid amide does not contain a metal element, when heat treatment is performed on the green compact obtained in the above form, an oxide containing the metal element is not formed during the heat treatment, and the oxide is formed. This makes it difficult to contaminate the heat treatment furnace.
- a green compact of uniform quality can be continuously formed with high productivity.
- (A)-(F) are process explanatory drawing explaining the procedure of the shaping
- (A) is the fragmentary sectional view which expands and shows a part of lower die and die
- (B) is B of (A).
- -B is a cross-sectional view.
- (A) to (C) are partial enlarged views of a lower punch of a molding die used in the molding method of the green compact of the present invention shown in the second embodiment.
- a molding die to be used for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a cylindrical die 10 having a rectangular through hole 10h and a pair of prismatic shapes inserted into and removed from the through hole 10h (FIG. 2 (B).
- the molding die 1 having an upper punch 11 and a lower punch 12 can be used.
- the upper and lower punches 11 and 12 are not limited to a prismatic shape, but may be a columnar shape. That is, the shape of the through-hole 10h and the cross-sectional shape of the punches 11 and 12 are not limited to rectangles. For example, an elliptical shape including a circle, a polygonal shape other than a rectangle, a fan shape combining straight lines and arcs, etc. Any of different shapes may be used.
- the lower punch 12 is fixed to a main body device (not shown), and the die 10 and the upper punch 11 are respectively movable in the vertical direction by a moving mechanism (not shown).
- the die 10 may be fixed and the punches 11 and 12 may be movable, or the die 10 and the punches 11 and 12 may be movable.
- the constituent material of the molding die 1 include an appropriate high-strength material (such as high-speed steel) that has been conventionally used for forming a compact of a metal material.
- the molding die 1 of the present embodiment discharges the mold lubricant into the gap between the outer peripheral surface 12s of the lower punch 12 and the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10, and surplus of the discharged mold lubricant
- a mold lubricant circulation supply mechanism 20 is provided for applying the mold lubricant over the entire circumference of the inner peripheral surface 10 s of the die 10 while collecting the portion.
- the circulation supply mechanism 20 in this embodiment is provided in the lower punch 12 as shown in FIG. 2, and includes a supply port 12i, a supply channel 120i, a discharge port 12o, a discharge channel 120o, and a circulation groove 12g. .
- the supply port 12i is a surface on the back side of the paper surface in FIG. 2A among the four surfaces constituting the outer peripheral surface 12s of the lower punch 12 formed in a prismatic shape (a surface on the upper surface of the paper surface in FIG. 2B). Open to.
- the supply port 12i is a hole for receiving the supply of the mold lubricant from the supply channel 120i communicating with the supply port 12i and discharging the lubricant to the outer peripheral surface 12s of the lower punch 12.
- the supply flow path 120i connected to the supply port 12i is the axial direction of the lower punch 12 from the rear end side to the front end side of the lower punch 12 (the vertical direction in FIG. 2A and the depth direction in FIG. 2B).
- 2 is a pipe line that is bent along the outer peripheral surface 12s of the lower punch 12 (the back surface in FIG. 2A and the upper surface in FIG. 2B).
- a tank for storing the mold lubricant and a pump for sending the mold lubricant in the tank to the supply channel 120i are provided on the lower end side of the supply channel 120i (both are shown in the figure). Not shown).
- the discharge port 12o for collecting excess mold lubricant is a surface on the front side in FIG. 2A among the four surfaces of the lower punch 12 (the surface on the lower side in FIG. 2B). ) Is open.
- the opening position of the discharge port 12o in the axial direction of the lower punch 12 is closer to the distal end side (upper surface 12u side) of the lower punch 12 than the supply port 12i. That is, the discharge port 12o and the supply port 12i are arranged so as to be shifted in both the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the lower punch 12.
- the discharge channel 120o communicates with the discharge port 12o.
- the discharge flow path 120o also has an axial direction of the lower punch 12 from the rear end side to the front end side of the lower punch 12 (vertical direction in FIG. 2A, and in FIG. 2B).
- the pipe line extends along the depth direction) and bends toward the outer peripheral surface 12s of the lower punch 12 (the front surface in FIG. 2A and the lower surface in FIG. 2B).
- the bent distal end of the discharge channel 120o is connected to the discharge port 12o.
- a recovery tank for storing the recovered mold lubricant is provided (not shown).
- the mold lubricant collected in the tank may be reused after appropriate treatment.
- the discharge channel 120o may be directly connected to the supply tank. However, in that case, it is preferable to provide a stirring mechanism or the like in the tank to homogenize the quality of the supplied lubricant for the mold.
- the fine raw material powder contained in the recovered mold lubricant is separated and the raw material powder is prevented from re-entering the circulation system.
- a magnet or a filter may be used.
- the opening shapes of the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o are not particularly limited, but are preferably circular. By doing so, the mold lubricant can be smoothly supplied and discharged.
- the cross-sectional shapes of the supply channel 120i and the discharge channel 120o are not particularly limited, but are preferably circular.
- the diameters of the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o can be appropriately selected depending on the material and form of the mold lubricant described later. However, there is a preferable relationship between the relative diameters of the two. Specifically, the diameter of the discharge port 12o is preferably 1 to 2 times the diameter of the supply port 12i. By making the discharge port 12o larger, it is possible to smoothly collect the lubricant for the mold to be circulated.
- the circulation groove 12g is a spiral groove that goes around the outer peripheral surface 12s of the lower punch 12 about one and a half times, and is provided so as to connect the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o. By providing the circulation groove 12g, it is possible to smoothly guide the surplus of the mold lubricant discharged from the supply port 12i to the discharge port 12o.
- the cross-sectional shape of the circulation groove 12g can be selected as appropriate.
- the cross-sectional shape can be a circle, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or the like.
- the width of the circulation groove 12g is also preferably changed in accordance with the diameters of the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o.
- the width of the circulation groove 12g may be gradually increased from the supply port 12i toward the discharge port 12o.
- a seal groove 26 is provided in the rear end region of the outer peripheral surface 12s of the lower punch 12 with respect to the supply port 12i.
- the seal groove 26 is an annular groove that circulates around the outer peripheral surface 12 s of the lower punch 12, and prevents the mold lubricant discharged from the supply port 12 i from leaking to a position on the rear end side of the seal groove 26. . If a porous body such as a sponge having a high sealing property is disposed in the seal groove 26, the leakage can be more effectively suppressed. In addition, the die 10 can be moved smoothly by the lubricant absorbed in the porous body.
- the cross-sectional shape of the seal groove 26, the shape seen from the front, the size (volume), and the formation region in the circumferential direction of the lower punch can be appropriately selected.
- the mold lubricant may be less likely to leak to the rear end side of the lower punch 12, and in that case, the seal groove 26 may be omitted. .
- the porous body may not be disposed in the seal groove 26, and the leaked mold lubricant may be stored as it is.
- the sizes of the lower punch 12 and the die 10 are set so that a clearance that allows the die 10 to move is provided between the outer peripheral surface 12s of the lower punch 12 and the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10 (FIG. 2). (Exaggerated clearance is shown).
- the outer shape of the lower punch 12 is set so that the dimension of the through hole 10h of the die 10 is uniform along the axial direction of the through hole 10h and the size of the clearance is partially different. It has a different shape. Specifically, the outer dimension of the region on the front end side (upper surface 12u side) than the circulation groove 12g is made smaller than the outer dimension of the region on the rear end side than the circulation groove 12g. That is, the clearance on the front end side with respect to the circulation groove 12g is made larger than the clearance on the rear end side.
- the mold lubricant may be a liquid lubricant, a solid lubricant, or a liquid medium (may function as a lubricant or may not function substantially as a lubricant).
- a solid lubricant may be dispersed.
- Solid lubricant As the solid lubricant, various materials can be used. For example, those containing metal elements, typically metal soaps such as lithium stearate and zinc stearate, those containing no metal elements, typically stearic acid, lauric acid amide, stearic acid amide, palmitic acid Examples include fatty acid amides such as amides and higher fatty acid amides such as ethylene bis-stearic acid amide. One or more solid lubricants selected from the materials listed above can be used. Even if only one type is used, a plurality of solid lubricants of different materials may be used in combination.
- ethylenebisstearic acid amide exhibits excellent lubricity and can suppress damage to the insulating layer of the coated soft magnetic powder due to rubbing with a molding die.
- a mold lubricant is applied and then heated appropriately to evaporate and remove the liquid medium, it is preferable to use a solid lubricant that is difficult to change due to the heat.
- the particle size of the solid lubricant is preferably smaller than the clearance between the die 10 and the lower punch 12. By doing so, it is possible to effectively prevent the mold lubricant applied to the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10 from dropping off due to the movement of the die 10 described later, and to improve the state in which the solid lubricant is applied. Can be maintained.
- the specific maximum particle size of the particles constituting the gold solid lubricant is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less. In particular, when the particle size is 5 ⁇ m or less, it is expected that the coating thickness can be further reduced and the fluidity of the lubricant for the mold can be improved, and the coating can be more uniformly applied.
- the liquid medium is mainly used as a medium for improving the fluidity of the solid lubricant powder in the above-described mold lubricant.
- the liquid medium does not have flammability in order to improve the safety of the operator.
- a liquid medium that does not have flammability a liquid that does not have a flash point, typically a liquid other than a dangerous substance, can be given.
- an inorganic substance or an organic substance may be used.
- the above inorganic material includes water.
- Water has the advantages of being easy to prepare, safe and low environmental impact.
- a liquid medium that does not substantially function as a lubricant such as water
- the lower punch 12 may be heated, but when the die 10 to which the liquid medium is attached is heated, the liquid medium can be easily removed in a short time, and the workability is excellent.
- the heating temperature is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and the higher the temperature, the shorter the time required for evaporation and the better workability, so 60 ° C. or higher is more preferable.
- the energy accompanying heating can be reduced by setting it to less than 100 ° C.
- the heating temperature is more preferably about 65 ° C to 75 ° C.
- heating means such as a cartridge heater is incorporated in the die 10 or the like, or warm air is blown onto the die 10 or the like.
- the molding die 1 can be warmed to some extent by the processing heat generated by the continuous molding.
- the processing heat generated by the continuous molding.
- the mold temperature is 50 ° C. or higher due to processing heat or the like
- heating by the heating means may not be performed for each molding in order to remove the liquid medium. That is, the liquid medium may be evaporated and removed using only the processing heat.
- heating means and energy for evaporation / removal can be separately eliminated or reduced.
- the temperature of the molding die can be appropriately measured, and the necessity of heating by the heating means can be set according to the measured temperature.
- the organic substance is highly volatile (commercially available solvent, for example, a solvent containing 1-bromopropane and n-propyl bromide (99% by mass))
- the above-mentioned organic material is used for molding as described above. It can be easily removed without heating the mold 1 (die 10) or by lowering the heating temperature.
- what is excellent in lubricity such as lubricating oil, can be utilized as said organic substance.
- the liquid medium removing step by heating can be omitted.
- the molding method of the present invention since the mold lubricant contains a solid lubricant, it is expected that dripping or the like hardly occurs even when a liquid lubricant is used as a liquid medium.
- the concentration of the dispersing agent (the mass of the solid lubricant / the mass of the dispersing agent) is approximately 10 to 10 although depending on the material of the liquid medium and the solid lubricant. It may be 50% by mass.
- the amount of mold lubricant applied to the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10 (the mass of the solid lubricant (the total mass of the dispersant if a lubricating liquid medium) / the area of the inner peripheral surface 10s) Although it depends on what is used for the liquid medium or the solid lubricant, if it is about 0.001 to 0.1 g / cm 2, it will function sufficiently as a lubricant.
- a raw material powder including a coated soft magnetic powder that is an aggregate of soft magnetic metal particles including an insulating layer is prepared as a raw material powder.
- the raw material powder itself may be lubricated.
- a form in which a material having lubricity is used for the insulating layer (covered internal lubrication), or a specific amount of solid lubricant (lubricant for raw material) in the coated soft magnetic powder The form using the mixed powder containing (mixed internal lubrication) and the form (composite internal lubrication) in which these coating internal lubrication and mixed internal lubrication are combined.
- the material of the soft magnetic metal particles preferably contains 50% by mass or more of iron.
- iron pure iron
- Fe-Si alloy Fe-Si alloy, Fe-Al alloy, Fe-N alloy, Fe-Ni alloy, Fe-C alloy, Fe-B alloy, Fe-Co alloy
- One type of iron alloy selected from an alloy, an Fe—P alloy, an Fe—Ni—Co alloy, and an Fe—Al—Si alloy can be used.
- pure iron in which 99% by mass or more is Fe is preferable.
- the average particle diameter d of the soft magnetic metal particles is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 70 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter d is 1 ⁇ m or more, the fluidity is excellent, and in addition, when a magnetic core is produced from the green compact obtained by the molding method of the present invention, an increase in hysteresis loss can be suppressed and is 70 ⁇ m or less.
- eddy current loss can be effectively reduced.
- the average particle diameter d refers to a particle diameter of a particle in which the sum of masses from particles having a small particle diameter reaches 50% of the total mass in the particle diameter histogram, that is, 50% particle diameter (mass).
- the soft magnetic metal particles Since the soft magnetic metal particles have an insulating layer on the surface thereof, the green compact obtained by the molding method of the present invention is excellent in insulation. Moreover, when a magnetic core is produced with this compacting body, each soft magnetic metal particle can be insulated by the said insulating layer, and an eddy current loss can be reduced by preventing the said particle
- the thickness of the insulating layer is 10 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness is 10 nm or more, insulation between the soft magnetic metal particles can be secured, and when the thickness is 1 ⁇ m or less, a decrease in the content of the soft magnetic material in the green compact can be suppressed due to the presence of the insulating layer. That is, when a magnetic core is produced with this compacting body, a significant decrease in magnetic flux density can be suppressed.
- the thickness of the insulating layer is determined by composition analysis (analyzer using transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy: TEM-EDX) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). In view of the amount of element obtained by the above, the equivalent thickness is derived, and further, the insulating layer is directly observed by the TEM photograph to confirm that the order of the equivalent thickness derived earlier is an appropriate value.
- an insulating layer material having no lubricity for example, one or more selected from Fe, Al, Ca, Mn, Zn, Mg, V, Cr, Y, Ba, Sr, rare earth elements (excluding Y), and the like
- Metal oxides, nitrides, and carbides of metal elements, metal nitrides, and metal carbides include metal compounds other than the metal oxides, metal nitrides, and metal carbides, for example, one or more compounds selected from phosphorus compounds, silicon compounds, zirconium compounds, and aluminum compounds.
- insulating materials include metal salt compounds such as metal phosphate compounds (typically iron phosphate, manganese phosphate, zinc phosphate, calcium phosphate, etc.), borate metal salt compounds, silicate metal salts Compounds, metal titanate salts and the like. Since the phosphoric acid metal salt compound is excellent in deformability, when the insulating layer made of the phosphoric acid metal salt compound is provided, the insulating layer can easily follow the deformation of the soft magnetic metal particles when forming the green compact. It is easy to obtain a green compact that is not easily deformed and damaged and that has an insulating layer in a healthy state.
- metal salt compounds such as metal phosphate compounds (typically iron phosphate, manganese phosphate, zinc phosphate, calcium phosphate, etc.), borate metal salt compounds, silicate metal salts Compounds, metal titanate salts and the like. Since the phosphoric acid metal salt compound is excellent in deformability, when the insulating layer made of the phosphoric acid metal salt compound is
- the insulating layer made of the metal phosphate compound has high adhesion to the iron-based soft magnetic metal particles and is difficult to drop off from the surface of the particles.
- a phosphate chemical conversion treatment can be used for forming the insulating layer.
- spraying of a solvent or sol-gel treatment using a precursor can be used for forming the insulating layer.
- the material for the insulating layer having lubricity examples include resins such as thermoplastic resins and non-thermoplastic resins and higher fatty acid salts.
- resins such as thermoplastic resins and non-thermoplastic resins and higher fatty acid salts.
- silicone resins and stearates can improve the lubricity of the raw powder (coated soft magnetic powder) during pressure molding and improve the dispersibility of the coated soft magnetic powder and the releasability from the molding die. it can.
- a silicone-based organic compound such as a silicone resin is excellent in heat resistance, it is difficult to be decomposed even when the obtained powder compact is subjected to a heat treatment.
- a wet coating process using an organic solvent, a direct coating process using a mixer, or the like can be used for the formation of the insulating layer using a silicone-based organic compound or the like.
- an inner film made of an insulating material containing hydrated water is formed on the surface of the soft magnetic metal particles, and this inner film is used as a source of water molecules.
- a silicone resin film may be formed on the inner film using a material that forms a silicone resin by hydrolysis / condensation polymerization reaction. In this case, the hydrolysis / condensation polymerization reaction can be carried out in a very short time, the silicone resin film can be formed efficiently, and an insulating layer having a multilayer structure of the inner film and the silicone resin film can be formed with high productivity.
- the silicone resin film formed by hydrolysis / condensation polymerization is excellent in deformability as described above, it is difficult for cracks and cracks to occur during molding, and it is difficult to peel off from the inner film. Furthermore, since this silicone resin film is excellent in heat resistance, it is less susceptible to damage such as thermal decomposition when the obtained green compact is subjected to heat treatment. Therefore, the coated soft magnetic powder provided with the insulating layer having the multilayer structure is excellent in insulation, heat resistance, deformability, and adhesion.
- the inner membrane containing hydrated water can be formed by using, for example, the above-described metal phosphate compound containing hydrated water as a material.
- the resin material that forms a silicone resin by hydrolysis / condensation reaction include compounds represented by Sim (OR) n (m, n: natural number, OR: hydrolysis group).
- the hydrolyzable group include an alkoxy group, an acetoxy group, a halogen group, an isocyanate group, and a hydroxyl group.
- an alkoxy oligomer having a molecular end blocked with an alkoxylyl group ⁇ Si—OR
- alkoxy group examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, and tert-butoxy.
- methoxy is easy to remove the reaction product after hydrolysis.
- resin materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Commercially available products such as TSR116 and XC96-B0446 manufactured by GE Toshiba Silicones can be used as the resin material that becomes a silicone resin by hydrolysis / condensation polymerization reaction.
- the coated soft magnetic powder provided with an insulating layer having a double structure of the inner film and the silicone resin film is prepared, for example, by preparing a soft magnetic metal powder and applying the above-described phosphate chemical conversion to the surface of the particles constituting the powder.
- the coated particles and the resin material that becomes a silicone resin by hydrolysis / condensation polymerization reaction are mixed in a heated atmosphere (80 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 100 ° C. or more). Can be manufactured. By mixing in the heating atmosphere, water of hydration contained in the constituent material of the inner membrane is released, and the hydrolysis of the resin material is promoted to form a silicone resin.
- organic acids such as formic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and acetic acid
- inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, boric acid and sulfuric acid
- hydrochloric acid such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, boric acid and sulfuric acid
- the raw material lubricant to be used is preferably a powder made of solid lubricant particles.
- the raw material lubricant various materials can be used, and various metal soaps, various fatty acid amides, various higher fatty acid amides and the like listed in the above-described mold lubricant can be used.
- an inorganic lubricant having a hexagonal crystal structure for example, an inorganic substance selected from boron nitride, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, and graphite can be used. You may use combining this inorganic substance and the metal soap mentioned above.
- the material for the raw material lubricant and the material for the mold lubricant may be the same or different.
- the raw material lubricant is easily mixed uniformly with the coated soft magnetic powder, and can be sufficiently deformed between the soft magnetic metal particles during molding of the green compact.
- the resulting green compact is subjected to heat treatment. In this case, it is preferable to use a material that can be easily removed by heating.
- coating internal lubrication In the molding method of the present invention, as described above, coating internal lubrication, mixed internal lubrication, and composite internal lubrication can be used.
- the content ratio of the coated soft magnetic powder in the raw material powder can be increased, and when a magnetic core is produced from the obtained compacted body, the magnetic properties of the magnetic core can be improved.
- the mixed internal lubrication damage to the insulating layer provided in the raw material powder can be effectively suppressed.
- the content ratio of the raw material lubricant to the coated soft magnetic powder is 0.4% by mass to 0.8% by mass (in the case of a plurality of materials, the total amount).
- the raw material powder does not have lubricity and the lubricant is applied only to the mold or the raw material powder Compared with the case where the lubricant is mixed with the metal mold and the lubricant is not applied to the mold, the lubricity is excellent and the damage to the insulating layer provided in the raw material powder can be effectively suppressed. As a result, the obtained powder compact also has many healthy insulating layers. When a magnetic core is produced from this powder compact, this magnetic core is excellent in insulation.
- the molding procedure includes a preparation step of preparing raw material powder, an application step of circulatingly supplying and applying a mold lubricant to the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10, and pressurizing the raw material powder to form a green compact. A molding step.
- raw material powder used for molding is prepared. Specifically, a soft magnetic powder is prepared, and an insulating layer is formed on the surface of the particles constituting the powder, for example, with an insulating material having lubricity.
- prepare magnetic powder In the case of mixed internal lubrication, a powder of a solid lubricant (raw material lubricant) having a desired composition is prepared, and the raw material lubricant is mixed with the coated soft magnetic powder to obtain a raw material powder.
- a mixing means such as a V-type mixer, a vibrating ball mill, a planetary ball mill, or the like can be used.
- mold lubricant Specifically, a solid lubricant powder (preferably maximum diameter: 20 ⁇ m or less) and a liquid medium having no flammability are prepared. Then, a dispersant is prepared by dispersing the solid lubricant powder in a liquid medium. In order to enhance the dispersibility, an appropriate auxiliary agent can be used.
- the die 10 is moved downward on the paper surface so that one surface of the die 10 and the upper surface 12u of the lower punch 12 are substantially flush with each other.
- a substantially entire area of the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10 is disposed so as to face the outer peripheral surface 12s of the lower punch 12, and the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10 and the outer peripheral surface 12s of the lower punch 12 are arranged. Between them, clearances of various sizes according to the outer shape of the lower punch 12 are provided.
- the die 10 is moved upward to form a cavity surrounded by the upper surface 12u of the lower punch 12 and the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10.
- the mold lubricant is discharged from the supply port 12i, and the excess of the discharged mold lubricant is discharged from the discharge port 12o.
- Perform circulation supply More specifically, the mold lubricant discharged from the supply port 12i is sent out toward the discharge port 12o along a space surrounded by the inner peripheral surface of the circulation groove 12g and the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10. It is.
- the mold lubricant in the circulation groove 12 g is applied to the inner peripheral surface 10 s of the die 10. Moreover, since the excess mold lubricant sent to the circulation groove 12g is recovered from the discharge port 12o, the mold lubricant is not applied to the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10 more than necessary.
- the mold lubricant is uniformly applied over the entire circumference of the inner circumferential surface 10s of the die 10 constituting the cavity.
- the mold lubricant is uniformly applied in the depth direction of the cavity to form the lubricant layer 2 having a uniform thickness.
- the solid lubricant particles of the lubricant layer 2 are exaggerated for easy understanding.
- the mold is heated appropriately (preferably 50 ° C. or higher and lower than 100 ° C.) to evaporate and remove the liquid medium. can do.
- the heating may not be performed or the heating temperature may be lowered. Dry air at room temperature (typically about 20 ° C.) may be supplied into the cavity so that the vapor in the cavity can be discharged to the outside more reliably.
- a raw material powder 3 prepared using a powder feeding device (not shown) is fed into a cavity provided with a lubricant layer 2.
- the upper punch 11 is moved downward and pushed into the through hole 10h of the die 10, and the raw material powder 3 is pressurized by both punches 11 and 12.
- the friction between the raw material powder 3 and the inner peripheral surface 10 s of the die 10 can be reduced by the lubricant layer 2 (particles of the solid lubricant constituting the mold lubricant).
- the raw material lubricant is included in the raw material powder 3 or the insulating layer has lubricity, the friction between the raw material powder and the punches 11 and 12 and the coated particles in the raw material powder 3 is reduced. It can reduce and can compress the raw material powder 3 favorably.
- the molding pressure may be 390 MPa or more and 1500 MPa or less. By setting it as 390 Mpa or more, the raw material powder 3 (coating particle) can fully be compressed, the relative density of a compacting body is raised, and by setting it as 1500 Mpa or less, between the covering particles in the raw material powder 3 are carried out. Damage to the insulating layer due to contact can be suppressed.
- the pressure is more preferably 700 MPa or more and 1300 MPa or less.
- the upper punch 11 When predetermined pressurization is performed, as shown in FIG. 1 (F), the upper punch 11 is moved upward, the die 10 is moved downward, and the green compact 100 is taken out. At this time, the friction between the green compact 100 and the inner peripheral surface 10 s of the die 10 is reduced by the mold lubricant applied to the inner peripheral surface 10 s of the die 10. Can be taken out. By the above process, the green compact 100 is obtained. Note that either the upper punch 11 or the die 10 may be moved first or simultaneously.
- the hysteresis loss can be reduced by applying heat treatment to the green compact to remove the strain introduced during molding.
- the higher the temperature of this heat treatment the more the hysteresis loss can be reduced.
- the constituent material of the insulating layer may be thermally decomposed, so it is selected within the range below the thermal decomposition temperature of the constituent material.
- the heating temperature is about 400 ° C. to 700 ° C.
- the holding time is 30 minutes to 60 minutes.
- the heating temperature is preferably up to about 500 ° C.
- the insulating layer is made of an insulating material having excellent heat resistance such as a metal oxide or silicone resin.
- the heating temperature can be increased to 550 ° C. or higher, further 600 ° C. or higher, particularly 650 ° C. or higher.
- the heating temperature and holding time can be appropriately selected according to the constituent material of the insulating layer.
- the mold lubricant is applied to the inner peripheral surface 10 s of the die 10 by circulation supply, so that unnecessary mold lubricant remains in the cavity of the mold 1. It is hard to do.
- unnecessary raw material powder can be recovered together with the mold lubricant, the raw material powder does not accumulate in the mold 1 and does not block the supply port 12i. Therefore, even if a plurality of green compacts are continuously produced, sound molding of the green compact can be maintained many times.
- Embodiment 2 the molding method of the present invention (partial external lubrication) in which a mold lubricant is applied to a part of the inner peripheral surface of the die will be described.
- the form of the molding die to be used will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 is a configuration in which a supply port and a discharge port are provided in the lower punch, and therefore only the lower punch is shown in FIG.
- the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o are both formed on the front side of the paper surface, and the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o are arranged in the circumferential direction and the axis of the lower punch 12A. It is shifted in any direction. Therefore, the circulation groove 12g that connects the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o extends obliquely upward from the supply port 12i and communicates with the discharge port 12o.
- the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o are formed at the same position in the axial direction of the lower punch 12B but shifted in the circumferential direction (different positions on the same circumference). Yes. Therefore, the circulation groove 12g that connects the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o extends in the circumferential direction of the lower punch 12B.
- the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o are formed at the same position in the circumferential direction of the lower punch 12C but shifted in the axial direction (different positions on the same axis). . Therefore, the circulation groove 12g that connects the supply port 12i and the discharge port 12o extends in the axial direction of the lower punch 12C.
- the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10 shown in FIG. Lubricants can be applied.
- the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10 is divided in the circumferential direction, and the lubricant for the mold is uniformly applied in the depth direction of the cavity.
- the insulating layer extending substantially parallel to the pressing direction of the powder molded body can form a healthy region.
- the configuration of the present embodiment can save the mold lubricant.
- the above configuration also has an effect that the structure of the lower punch can be simplified.
- the molding method of the present invention can also be applied to molding of a green compact (typically a ring-shaped body) having a through hole.
- a molding die including a die, a lower punch, an upper punch, and a core rod arranged to be movable relative to the lower punch is used.
- both the inner peripheral surface of the die and the outer peripheral surface of the core rod can be slidable contact surfaces with the molded body.
- a supply port, a discharge port, and a circulation groove are provided in the lower punch so that the die lubricant can be applied to both the inner peripheral surface of the die and the outer peripheral surface of the core rod.
- a supply port is provided on the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the lower punch in a part of the circumferential direction as in the above-described embodiment. It is advisable to provide an exhaust port and circulation groove.
- the die 10 can be moved to simultaneously apply the mold lubricant and supply the raw material powder 3 to the space where the lubricant is applied.
- the powder feeder is moved so that it can be pressed by the upper punch 11. Good.
- Sample No. 1 uses a mixed powder obtained by mixing a powder made of a solid lubricant with a coated soft magnetic metal powder having an insulating layer, and a molding die 1 shown in FIG. 1 (the lower punch 12 has a circulation supply mechanism 20) ) Was applied over the entire circumference of the inner peripheral surface 10 s of the die 10, and molding was performed to produce a green compact 100.
- pure iron powder (average particle diameter d: 50 ⁇ m) produced by the water atomization method was prepared as the soft magnetic metal powder.
- the pure iron powder was subjected to chemical conversion treatment to form an inner film (thickness: about 20 nm or less) made of a metal phosphate compound, thereby producing a coated soft magnetic powder having an insulating layer having a single layer structure.
- Zinc stearate powder was mixed as a raw material lubricant with the coated soft magnetic powder comprising the coated particles having the insulating layer. The mixing amount of the raw material lubricant was adjusted to 0.6 mass% when the mixed powder of the coated soft magnetic powder and the raw material lubricant powder was 100 mass%.
- a solid lubricant As a solid lubricant, prepare a powder of ethylenebisstearic acid amide (EBS) having a maximum particle size of 18.5 ⁇ m and an average particle size of 4.2 ⁇ m, and disperse this powder in a liquid medium (in this example, water). The dispersant prepared in this manner was used as a mold lubricant. The mixing amount of the solid lubricant powder was adjusted to 45% by mass when the dispersant was 100% by mass. The coating amount of the mold lubricant was 0.0018 g / cm 2.
- EBS ethylenebisstearic acid amide
- sample no. 1 in forming the green compact, after applying the mold lubricant to the entire circumference of the inner peripheral surface 10 s of the die 10 by the relative movement of the lower punch 12 and the die 10 as described above (here, , Mold lubricant supply amount: 2.5 mL / min), the mold is heated to 60 ° C. to sufficiently evaporate and remove the liquid medium, and then the mixed powder is filled into the cavity to form the molding pressure. : Pressurized at 730 MPa to obtain a cuboid compact 100. A series of moldings consisting of the application of the mold lubricant to the molding die 1 and the pressure molding was continuously repeated 1001 times (shots).
- Sample No. 2 is Sample No.
- the insulating layer is formed by subjecting pure iron powder to a chemical conversion treatment to form an inner film (thickness: about 20 nm or less) made of a metal phosphate compound containing hydrated water.
- Material Momentive Silicone XC96-B0446 (which becomes a silicone resin by hydrolysis / condensation polymerization reaction) is mixed in a heated atmosphere (80 ° C.
- the measurement member (equivalent to a magnetic component) for measuring an iron loss was produced using the compacting body obtained for every 100 shots.
- the measurement member was produced as follows. First, the obtained green compact was heat treated to obtain a heat treated material from which the pressure strain introduced into the pure iron powder contained in the green compact was removed. The conditions for the heat treatment are as follows. For sample 1, sample no. 2 was 550 ° C. ⁇ 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, a test magnetic core was produced by combining the heat treatment materials in a ring shape, and a measuring member was produced by arranging a coil (all samples having the same specifications) constituted by windings on the test magnetic core. .
- Test Example 2 In Test Example 1, a mold lubricant was applied over the entire circumference of the inner peripheral surface 10 s of the die 10, and then molded to produce a green compact 100. On the other hand, in Test Example 2, a mold lubricant is applied to only a part of the inner peripheral surface 10s of the die 10 to produce a powder compact, and the resulting powder compact is heat treated. A powder magnetic core was prepared, and the loss of the magnetic component provided with the obtained powder magnetic core was examined.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the material and particle size of the soft magnetic metal particles, the material and thickness of the insulating layer, the material and size and application area of the solid lubricant in the mold lubricant, the material of the liquid medium, and the solid lubricant for the liquid medium can be appropriately changed.
- the molding method of the dust compact of the present invention can also be used to mold a simple dust compact that is not a dust core.
- the method for molding a powder molded body of the present invention can be suitably used for the production of a powder magnetic core, particularly a powder molded body suitable for a material of a powder magnetic core having excellent high frequency characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
[準備工程]:原料粉末を用意する工程。
[塗布工程]:上記第一パンチの外周面と上記ダイの内周面との間に金型用潤滑剤を存在させ、この状態でこれら第一パンチとダイとを相対的に移動させて、上記ダイの内周面に上記金型用潤滑剤を塗布する工程。
[成形工程]:上記第一パンチと上記金型用潤滑剤が塗布された上記ダイとで囲まれたキャビティに、上記原料粉末を充填し、上記第一パンチと上記第二パンチとにより当該原料粉末を加圧して圧粉成形体を成形する工程。
ここで、塗布工程では、上記ダイまたは第一パンチに設けられた供給口から上記金型用潤滑剤を吐出し、かつ上記ダイまたは第一パンチに設けられた排出口から上記吐出された金型用潤滑剤を回収しつつ、上記ダイの内周面に上記金型用潤滑剤を塗布する。なお、金型用潤滑剤の吐出は連続的に行なっても良いし断続的に行なっても良い。
以下、本発明圧粉成形体の成形方法により圧粉磁心を成形する例を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。その説明にあたり、まず初めに本発明圧粉成形体の成形方法に利用する成形用金型を、次いで金型用潤滑剤と原料粉末を説明し、最後に成形方法を説明する。なお、本発明圧粉成形体の成形方法は、圧粉磁心の成形に限定されるわけではなく、磁性を持たない圧粉成形体の成形に利用することもできる。
利用する成形用金型としては、例えば、図1,2に示すように矩形の貫通孔10hを備える筒状のダイ10と、貫通孔10hに挿脱される一対の角柱状(図2(B)の横断面図を参照)の上パンチ11・下パンチ12とを備える成形用金型1を利用することができる。なお、上下パンチ11,12は角柱状に限られず柱状であればよい。すなわち、貫通孔10hの形状、およびパンチ11,12の横断面形状は矩形に限定されるわけではなく、例えば、円形を含む楕円形状、矩形以外の多角形状、直線と円弧を組み合わせた扇状などの異形状、のいずれであっても構わない。
本実施形態の成形用金型1は、下パンチ12の外周面12sとダイ10の内周面10sとの隙間に金型用潤滑剤を吐出し、その吐出された金型用潤滑剤の余剰分を回収しつつ、ダイ10の内周面10sの全周にわたって金型用潤滑剤を塗布する金型用潤滑剤の循環供給機構20を備える。本実施形態における循環供給機構20は、図2に示すように下パンチ12に設けられており、供給口12i・供給流路120i・排出口12o・排出流路120o・循環溝12gを備えている。
下パンチ12の外周面12sとダイ10の内周面10sとの間に、ダイ10が移動可能な程度のクリアランスが設けられるように、下パンチ12及びダイ10の大きさを設定する(図2ではクリアランスを誇張して示している)。
次に、上記成形用金型に塗布する金型用潤滑剤を説明する。金型用潤滑剤としては、液体潤滑剤としても良いし、固体潤滑剤としても良いし、液媒(潤滑剤として機能するものでも良いし、実質的に潤滑剤として機能しないものでも良い)に固体潤滑剤を分散させたものであっても良い。特に、引火性を有しない液媒に固体潤滑剤からなる粒子を分散させた分散剤を金型用潤滑剤に利用することが好ましい。
固体潤滑剤は、種々の材質のものが利用できる。例えば、金属元素を含むもの、代表的には、ステアリン酸リチウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛などの金属石鹸、金属元素を含まないもの、代表的には、ステアリン酸、ラウリン酸アミド、ステアリン酸アミド、パルミチン酸アミドなどの脂肪酸アミド、エチレンビスステアリン酸アミドなどの高級脂肪酸アミドなどが挙げられる。上記列挙した材質から選択される1種以上の固体潤滑剤を利用することができる。1種のみでも、複数の異なる材質の固体潤滑剤を組み合せて用いてもよい。特に、エチレンビスステアリン酸アミドは、優れた潤滑性を示し、成形用金型との擦れによる被覆軟磁性粉末の絶縁層の損傷を抑制できる。後述するように金型用潤滑剤を塗布した後、適宜加熱して、液媒を蒸発除去する場合には、固体潤滑剤は、当該熱により変質し難いものを利用することが好ましい。
液媒は、主として、上記金型用潤滑剤における固体潤滑剤の粉末の流動性を高めるための媒体として利用される。特に、本発明成形方法では、液媒は、作業者の安全性を高めるために、引火性を有しないものとすることが好ましい。引火性を有しない液媒として、代表的には、引火点を有しない液体、端的に言うと危険物以外の液体が挙げられる。引火性を有しない液媒であれば、無機物でも有機物でもよい。
次に、本発明成形方法に用いる原料粉末を説明する。本発明成形方法では、原料粉末として、絶縁層を備える軟磁性金属粒子の集合体である被覆軟磁性粉末を含む原料粉末を用意する。この原料粉末自身にも潤滑性を持たせても良い。具体的に原料粉末に潤滑性を持たせる方法として、絶縁層に潤滑性を有する材料を使用する形態(被覆内部潤滑)や、被覆軟磁性粉末に特定量の固体潤滑剤(原料用潤滑剤)を含有する混合粉末を利用する形態(混合内部潤滑)、これら被覆内部潤滑と混合内部潤滑とを複合した形態(複合内部潤滑)が挙げられる。
軟磁性金属粒子の材質は、鉄を50質量%以上含有するものが好ましい。例えば、純鉄(Fe)、その他、Fe-Si系合金,Fe-Al系合金,Fe-N系合金,Fe-Ni系合金,Fe-C系合金,Fe-B系合金,Fe-Co系合金,Fe-P系合金,Fe-Ni-Co系合金,及びFe-Al-Si系合金から選択される1種の鉄合金が挙げられる。特に、透磁率及び磁束密度の点から、99質量%以上がFeである純鉄が好ましい。
軟磁性金属粒子はその表面に絶縁層を有することで、本発明成形方法により得られた圧粉成形体は絶縁性に優れる。また、この圧粉成形体により磁心を作製した場合、上記絶縁層により各軟磁性金属粒子同士を絶縁することができ、当該粒子同士の接触を防止することで、渦電流損を低減できる。
原料粉末に原料用潤滑剤を含ませる混合内部潤滑(あるいは複合内部潤滑)の場合、使用する原料用潤滑剤は、固体潤滑剤の粒子からなる粉末とすることが好ましい。液体潤滑剤ではなく、粉末とすることで、被覆軟磁性粉末と混合し易い上に、混合粉末を取り扱い易い。原料用潤滑剤も種々の材質のものを利用でき、上述した金型用潤滑剤で列挙した各種の金属石鹸、各種の脂肪酸アミド、各種の高級脂肪酸アミドなどを利用することができる。その他、六方晶系の結晶構造を有する無機潤滑剤、例えば、窒化ほう素、硫化モリブデン、硫化タングステン、及びグラファイトなどから選択される無機物が挙げられる。この無機物と上述した金属石鹸などとを組み合わせて用いてもよい。原料用潤滑剤の材質と金型用潤滑剤の材質とは同じでもよいし異なっていてもよい。
次に、図1を参照して本発明成形方法の成形手順を説明する。成形手順は、原料粉末を準備する準備工程と、ダイ10の内周面10sに金型用潤滑剤を循環供給して塗布する塗布工程と、原料粉末を加圧して圧粉成形体を成形する成形工程とを備える。
まず、成形に用いる原料粉末を用意する。具体的には、軟磁性粉末を用意し、当該粉末を構成する粒子の表面に、例えば、潤滑性を有する絶縁材料により絶縁層を形成し、絶縁層を備える被覆粒子の集合体である被覆軟磁性粉末を用意する。ここで、混合内部潤滑とする場合であれば、所望の組成からなる固体潤滑剤(原料用潤滑剤)の粉末を用意し、この原料用潤滑剤を上記被覆軟磁性粉末と混合して原料粉末とする。この混合には、V型混合機、振動ボールミル、遊星ボールミルなどの混合手段を用いることができる。
まず、図1(A)に示すように、ダイ10、上パンチ11、および下パンチ12を互いに離隔した状態で、作製した分散剤を充填したタンクを下パンチ12の供給流路120i(図2(A)参照)に接続して、下パンチ12の供給口12iから金型用潤滑剤を吐出可能な状態とする。
図1(D)に示すように潤滑剤層2を備えるキャビティ内に、図示しない給粉装置を用いて用意した原料粉末3を給粉する。そして、図1(E)に示すように上パンチ11を下方に移動してダイ10の貫通孔10hに押し込み、両パンチ11,12によって原料粉末3を加圧する。このとき、潤滑剤層2(金型用潤滑剤を構成する固体潤滑剤の粒子)によって、原料粉末3とダイ10の内周面10sとの摩擦を低減できる。ここで、原料粉末3内に原料用潤滑剤を含ませる、もしくは絶縁層に潤滑性を持たせておけば、原料粉末と両パンチ11,12、及び原料粉末3内の被覆粒子同士の摩擦を低減して、原料粉末3を良好に圧縮することができる。
上記構成を備える本発明成形方法を利用することで、圧粉成形体100と成形用金型1(ダイ10の内周面10s)との摩擦を効果的に抑制できる。そのため、圧粉成形体1の外周面において圧粉成形体1を構成する粒子に備わる絶縁層が上記摩擦によって損傷することを効果的に抑制できる。その結果、低損失の圧粉成形体が得られ、得られた圧粉成形体に熱処理を施して圧粉磁心を作製した場合、得られた圧粉磁心は、渦電流損が効果的に低減されており、鉄損が小さい。即ち、本発明成形方法によれば、鉄損が小さい圧粉磁心が得られる圧粉成形体を提供することができる。
実施形態2では、ダイの内周面の一部分に金型用潤滑剤を塗布する本発明成形方法(部分外部潤滑)を説明する。その説明に先立って、使用する成形用金型の形態を図3(A)~(C)を用いて説明する。なお、図3に例示する構成はいずれも下パンチに供給口と排出口とを設ける構成であるため、図3では下パンチのみを図示する。
上述した実施形態では、貫通孔を有していない中実の圧粉成形体を成形する構成を説明した。その他、本発明成形方法は、貫通孔を有する圧粉成形体(代表的にはリング状体)の成形にも適用することができる。この場合、ダイと、下パンチと、上パンチと、下パンチに対して相対的に移動可能に配置されるコアロッドとを備える成形用金型を利用する。この形態では、ダイの内周面とコアロッドの外周面との双方が成形体との摺接面になり得る。そこで、ダイの内周面とコアロッドの外周面との双方に金型用潤滑剤を塗布できるように、下パンチに供給口や排出口、循環溝を設ける。例えば、下パンチを、コアロッドが挿通される貫通孔を有する筒状体とする場合、この下パンチの外周面及び内周面に、上述した実施形態と同様にその周方向の一部に供給口や排出口、循環溝を設けるとよい。
上述した実施形態では、キャビティを形成した後、原料粉末3を供給する構成を説明した。この構成に代えて、例えば、図1(B)に示す状態において、下パンチ12の上面12uを覆うように給粉装置を配置し、ダイ10の移動により給粉装置も上方に移動する構成とすることができる。この場合、ダイ10の上方への移動に伴って、下パンチ12の上面12uとダイ10の内周面10sとで囲まれる空間がつくられていき、この空間に順次、給粉装置からの原料粉末3が供給される。かつ、ダイ10の上方への移動により、ダイ10の内周面10sには、金型用潤滑剤が塗布されていく。即ち、この構成では、ダイ10の移動により、金型用潤滑剤の塗布と、当該潤滑剤が塗布された空間への原料粉末3の供給とを同時に行うことができる。図1(D)に示すように、下パンチ12の上面12uとダイ10の内周面10sとがつくる空間が所定の大きさになったら、上パンチ11で押圧できるように給粉装置を移動すると良い。
種々の粉末及び成形方法を利用して、圧粉成形体を作製し、得られた圧粉成形体に熱処理を施して圧粉磁心を作製し、得られた圧粉磁心を備える磁気部品の損失を調べた。
試料No.1は、絶縁層を備える被覆軟磁性金属粉末に固体潤滑剤からなる粉末を混合した混合粉末を利用すると共に、図1に示す成形用金型1(下パンチ12に循環供給機構20を備えるもの)を利用して、ダイ10の内周面10sの全周にわたって金型用潤滑剤を塗布した後、成形を行って圧粉成形体100を作製した。
試料No.2は、試料No.1と同じ純鉄粉に多層構造の絶縁層を形成した被覆軟磁性粉末を用意した。絶縁層は、純鉄粉に化成処理を施し、水和水を含有するリン酸金属塩化合物からなる内側膜(厚さ:20nm以下程度)を形成し、この内側膜を備える粒子と市販の樹脂材料(モメンティブ製シリコーンXC96-B0446(加水分解・縮重合反応によりシリコーン樹脂となるもの)を加熱雰囲気で混合し(80℃~150℃)、リン酸金属塩化合物からなる内側膜と、シリコーン樹脂からなる外側層(厚さ:1μm以下程度)との多層構造の絶縁層を形成した。そして、試料No.1と同様の条件でダイ10の内周面10sの全面に金型用潤滑剤を塗布した後、試料No.1と同様の条件で、同様の大きさ・形状の圧粉成形体100を作製した。この試料No.2も1001回(ショット)行なった。
各試料について、100ショットごとに得られた圧粉成形体を用いて鉄損を測定するための測定部材(磁気部品に相当)を作製した。測定部材は次のようにして作製した。まず、得られた圧粉成形体に熱処理を施して、圧粉成形体に含まれる純鉄粉に導入された加圧歪を除去した熱処理材を得た。熱処理の条件は、試料No.1については窒素雰囲気下で400℃×30分、試料No.2については窒素雰囲気下で550℃×30分であった。そして、その熱処理材を環状に組み合せて試験用磁心を作製し、この試験用磁心に巻線で構成したコイル(いずれの試料も同様の仕様のもの)を配置することで、測定部材を作製した。
試験例1では、ダイ10の内周面10sの全周にわたって金型用潤滑剤を塗布した後、成形を行って圧粉成形体100を作製した。これに対して、この試験例2では、ダイ10の内周面10sの一部にのみ金型用潤滑剤を塗布して、圧粉成形体を作製し、得られた圧粉成形体に熱処理を施して圧粉磁心を作製し、得られた圧粉磁心を備える磁気部品の損失を調べた。
図3(B)の下パンチ12Bを用いて、ダイ10の内周面10sの一部にのみ金型用潤滑剤の塗布を塗布した以外、試験例1の試料No.1と同様の成形条件、熱処理条件で圧粉磁心を作製し、試料No.1と同様の条件で鉄損W1/5k(W/kg)、ヒステリシス損Wh1/5k(W/kg)、渦電流損We1/5k(W/kg)を求めた。また、比較として、ダイ10の内周面10sに金型用潤滑剤を塗布せずに作製した圧粉磁心の鉄損、ヒステリシス損、渦電流損を求めた。その結果を表3に示す。なお、ショット数は『1』である。
図3(B)の下パンチ12Bを用いて、ダイ10の内周面10sの一部にのみ金型用潤滑剤の塗布を塗布した以外、試験例1の試料No.2と同様の成形条件、熱処理条件で圧粉磁心を作製し、試料No.2と同様の条件で鉄損W1/5k(W/kg)、ヒステリシス損Wh1/5k(W/kg)、渦電流損We1/5k(W/kg)を求めた。また、比較として、ダイ10の内周面10sに金型用潤滑剤を塗布せずに作製した圧粉磁心の鉄損、ヒステリシス損、渦電流損を求めた。その結果を表4に示す。なお、ショット数は『1』である。
10 ダイ
10h 貫通孔 10s ダイの内周面
11 上パンチ
12,12A,12B,12C 下パンチ
12s 下パンチの外周面 12u 下パンチの上面
20 循環供給機構
12i 供給口 120i 供給流路
12o 排出口 120o 排出流路 12g 循環溝
26 シール溝
2 潤滑剤層
3 原料粉末
100 圧粉成形体
Claims (7)
- 相対的に移動可能な第一パンチとダイとでつくられるキャビティに原料粉末を充填し、前記第一パンチと第二パンチとにより前記キャビティ内の原料粉末を加圧して、圧粉成形体を成形する圧粉成形体の成形方法であって、
前記原料粉末を用意する準備工程と、
前記第一パンチの外周面と前記ダイの内周面との間に金型用潤滑剤を存在させ、この状態でこれら第一パンチとダイとを相対的に移動させて、前記ダイの内周面に前記金型用潤滑剤を塗布する塗布工程と、
前記第一パンチと前記金型用潤滑剤が塗布された前記ダイとで囲まれたキャビティに、前記原料粉末を充填し、前記第一パンチと前記第二パンチとにより当該原料粉末を加圧して圧粉成形体を成形する成形工程とを備え、
前記塗布工程では、
前記ダイまたは第一パンチに設けられた供給口から前記金型用潤滑剤を吐出し、かつ前記ダイまたは第一パンチに設けられた排出口から前記吐出された金型用潤滑剤を回収しつつ、前記ダイの内周面に前記金型用潤滑剤を塗布することを特徴とする圧粉成形体の成形方法。 - 前記塗布工程において、前記ダイの内周面の全周にわたって前記金型用潤滑剤を塗布することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の圧粉成形体の成形方法。
- 前記塗布工程において、前記ダイの内周面の一部分に前記金型用潤滑剤を塗布することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の圧粉成形体の成形方法。
- 前記準備工程において、固体潤滑剤からなる原料用潤滑剤を混合した原料粉末を用意することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の圧粉成形体の成形方法。
- 前記金型用潤滑剤は、引火性を有しない液媒に固体潤滑剤からなる粒子を分散させた分散剤であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の圧粉成形体の成形方法。
- 前記金型用潤滑剤中の固体潤滑剤は、エチレンビスステアリン酸アミドを含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の圧粉成形体の成形方法。
- 前記原料粉末は、絶縁層を備える軟磁性金属粒子の集合体である被覆軟磁性粉末を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の圧粉成形体の成形方法。
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KR102096310B1 (ko) | 2018-11-23 | 2020-04-06 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 초음파 진동을 이용한 연자성체 제조장치, 제조방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조되는 연자성체 |
KR20220041543A (ko) | 2020-09-25 | 2022-04-01 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 휘발성 윤활제 공급부를 포함하는 파우치형 전지케이스 성형 장치 및 이를 이용한 파우치형 전지케이스의 제조 방법 |
KR102560985B1 (ko) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-07-28 | 주식회사 일렉트로엠 | 반원형상의 연자성 금속계 분말 코어 성형체, 성형체 제조장치 및 그 방법 |
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- 2012-10-05 CN CN201280050576.8A patent/CN103999175B/zh active Active
- 2012-10-05 US US14/350,791 patent/US9431171B2/en active Active
- 2012-10-05 DE DE112012004311.1T patent/DE112012004311T5/de not_active Ceased
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US20140232034A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
CN103999175A (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
KR102016189B1 (ko) | 2019-08-29 |
KR20140089377A (ko) | 2014-07-14 |
CN103999175B (zh) | 2016-12-14 |
US9431171B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 |
JP2013089688A (ja) | 2013-05-13 |
JP5906054B2 (ja) | 2016-04-20 |
DE112012004311T5 (de) | 2014-07-24 |
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