WO2013054399A1 - 送電装置、受電装置、および電力伝送システム - Google Patents
送電装置、受電装置、および電力伝送システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013054399A1 WO2013054399A1 PCT/JP2011/073378 JP2011073378W WO2013054399A1 WO 2013054399 A1 WO2013054399 A1 WO 2013054399A1 JP 2011073378 W JP2011073378 W JP 2011073378W WO 2013054399 A1 WO2013054399 A1 WO 2013054399A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
- H02J7/0045—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power transmission device, a power reception device, and a power transmission system, and more particularly, to a contactless power transmission technique for transmitting power from a power transmission device to a power reception device in a contactless manner.
- Electric vehicles such as electric cars and hybrid cars are attracting attention as environmentally friendly vehicles. These vehicles are equipped with an electric motor that generates driving force and a rechargeable power storage device that stores electric power supplied to the electric motor.
- the hybrid vehicle is a vehicle in which an internal combustion engine is further mounted as a power source together with an electric motor, a vehicle in which a fuel cell is further mounted in addition to a power storage device as a DC power source for driving the vehicle.
- hybrid vehicles as in the case of electric vehicles, vehicles that can charge an in-vehicle power storage device from a power source outside the vehicle are known.
- a so-called “plug-in hybrid vehicle” is known that can charge a power storage device from a power source outside the vehicle by connecting a power outlet provided in a house to a charging port provided in the vehicle with a charging cable.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a charging device for charging a battery of an electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, or the like.
- the power feeding coupler is moved by the manipulator to connect the power feeding coupler to the charging coupler of the electric vehicle.
- an elevating body is provided on a base so that the elevating body can be moved up and down, and a first arm that is horizontal to the elevating body is provided rotatably at one end thereof.
- a second arm that is horizontal at the tip of the first arm is rotatably provided at one end thereof, and a power feeding coupler is provided at the tip of the second arm.
- non-contact power transmission without using a power cord or a power cable has been attracting attention in recent years.
- three techniques known as power transmission using electromagnetic induction, power transmission using microwaves, and so-called resonance-type power transmission, are known.
- resonance-type power transmission uses a pair of resonators having the same natural frequency (for example, a pair of resonance coils) to transmit power in a non-contact manner through an electromagnetic field (near field), and is several kW. Is attracting much attention as it is possible to transmit a large amount of electric power over a relatively long distance (for example, several meters).
- an object of the present invention is to provide an alignment method between a power transmission unit of a power transmission device and a power reception unit of a power reception device in a power transmission system that transmits power from the power transmission device to the power reception device in a contactless manner.
- the power transmission device is a power transmission device that outputs power to the power reception device in a contactless manner, and includes a first coil, a plurality of second coils, and a moving device.
- the first coil transmits power to the power receiving device in a contactless manner.
- Each of the plurality of second coils is for supplying power received from the power source to the first coil in a non-contact manner.
- the moving device moves the first coil relative to the plurality of second coils.
- the power transmission device further includes a switching unit.
- the switching unit is provided between the plurality of second coils and the power source, and electrically connects the coil closest to the first coil among the plurality of second coils to the power source and the remaining coils. Electrically disconnect from the power supply.
- the power transmission device further includes a switching unit.
- the switching unit is provided between the plurality of second coils and the power source, and electrically connects a coil that optimizes power transmission efficiency to the power receiving device among the plurality of second coils to the power source and the remaining Electrically disconnect the coil from the power source.
- the power receiving device is mounted on a vehicle.
- the plurality of second coils are arranged along the vehicle front-rear direction of the parking space of the vehicle.
- the difference between the natural frequency of the first coil and the natural frequency of the power receiving coil of the power receiving apparatus is ⁇ 10% or less of the natural frequency of the first coil or the natural frequency of the power receiving coil.
- the coupling coefficient between the first coil and the power receiving coil is 0.1 or less.
- the first coil is formed between the first coil and the power receiving coil, and is formed between the first coil and the power receiving coil, a magnetic field oscillating at a specific frequency, and
- power is transmitted to the power receiving coil through at least one of an electric field that vibrates at a specific frequency.
- the power receiving device is a power receiving device that receives power from the power transmitting device in a contactless manner, and includes a first coil, a plurality of second coils, and a moving device.
- the first coil receives power from the power transmission device in a contactless manner.
- Each of the plurality of second coils is for taking out electric power from the first coil in a non-contact manner and outputting the electric power to an electric load.
- the moving device moves the first coil relative to the plurality of second coils.
- a plurality of 2nd coils are constituted by one conducting wire.
- the power receiving device further includes a switching unit.
- the switching unit is provided between the plurality of second coils and the electric load, and electrically connects the coil closest to the first coil among the plurality of second coils to the electric load and the remaining Electrically disconnect the coil from the electrical load.
- the power receiving device further includes a switching unit.
- the switching unit is provided between the plurality of second coils and the electric load, and electrically connects, to the electric load, a coil that optimizes power reception efficiency from the power transmission device among the plurality of second coils. Electrically disconnect the remaining coils from the electrical load.
- the power receiving device is mounted on a vehicle.
- the plurality of second coils are disposed along the front-rear direction of the vehicle.
- the difference between the natural frequency of the first coil and the natural frequency of the power transmission coil is ⁇ 10% or less of the natural frequency of the first coil or the natural frequency of the power transmission coil.
- the coupling coefficient between the first coil and the power transmission coil is 0.1 or less.
- the first coil is formed between the first coil and the power transmission coil, and is formed between the first coil and the power transmission coil, a magnetic field oscillating at a specific frequency, and And it receives electric power from the coil for power transmission through at least one of the electric field which vibrates with a specific frequency.
- the power transmission system is a power transmission system that transmits power from the power transmission device to the power reception device in a contactless manner.
- the power transmission device includes a first coil, a plurality of second coils, and a moving unit.
- the first coil transmits power to the power receiving device in a contactless manner.
- Each of the plurality of second coils is for supplying power received from the power source to the first coil in a non-contact manner.
- the moving means moves the first coil in a range in which power can be supplied from any one of the plurality of second coils to the first coil based on the positional relationship between the power receiving device and the first coil.
- the power receiving device includes a power receiving unit and an electric load.
- the power receiving unit receives the power output from the first coil in a contactless manner.
- the electrical load receives the power received by the power receiving unit.
- the power transmission system is a power transmission system that transmits power from the power transmission device to the power reception device in a contactless manner.
- the power transmission device includes a power source and a power transmission unit.
- the power transmission unit outputs the power supplied from the power source to the power receiving device in a contactless manner.
- the power receiving apparatus includes a first coil, a plurality of second coils, and a moving unit.
- the first coil receives power from the power transmission unit in a non-contact manner.
- Each of the plurality of second coils is for taking out electric power from the first coil in a non-contact manner and outputting the electric power to an electric load.
- the moving means moves the first coil in a range in which any of the plurality of second coils can extract power from the first coil in a non-contact manner based on the positional relationship between the power transmission unit and the first coil.
- the power cable is not deteriorated due to the movement.
- Embodiment 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a power transmission system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is the top view which looked at the power transmission part shown in FIG. 1 from the power transmission direction. It is the top view which looked at the power receiving part shown in FIG. 1 from the power receiving direction. It is the figure which showed the simulation model of the electric power transmission system. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the shift
- an electric current source electromagnetic current source
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a power transmission system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the power transmission system includes a power transmission device 100 and a vehicle 200 as a power reception device.
- the power transmission device 100 includes a power supply unit 110, a matching unit 120, a power transmission unit 130, an electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as “ECU (Electronic Control Unit)”) 140, and a communication unit 150.
- the power supply unit 110 generates AC power having a predetermined frequency.
- the power supply unit 110 receives power from a system power supply (not shown) and generates high-frequency AC power. Then, power supply unit 110 controls generation and stop of electric power and output electric power in accordance with a command from ECU 140.
- the matching unit 120 is provided between the power supply unit 110 and the power transmission unit 130 and is configured to be able to change the internal impedance.
- the matching unit 120 includes a variable capacitor and a coil, and the impedance can be changed by changing the capacitance of the variable capacitor. By adjusting the impedance in the matching unit 120, the impedance of the power transmission device 100 can be matched with the impedance of the vehicle 200 (impedance matching).
- the power transmission unit 130 is supplied with high-frequency AC power from the power supply unit 110. Then, power transmission unit 130 outputs power in a non-contact manner to power reception unit 210 of vehicle 200 via an electromagnetic field generated around power transmission unit 130.
- power transmission unit 130 is configured to perform alignment between a power transmission resonance coil included in power transmission unit 130 and a power reception resonance coil included in power reception unit 210 of vehicle 200 in accordance with a command from ECU 140.
- a moving means is provided. A specific configuration of the power transmission unit 130 including the moving unit and power transmission from the power transmission unit 130 to the power reception unit 210 will be described in detail later.
- the ECU 140 controls the power supply unit 110, the matching unit 120, and the power transmission unit 130 by software processing by executing a program stored in advance by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and / or hardware processing by a dedicated electronic circuit. . Specifically, ECU 140 generates an operation start command and a stop command for power supply unit 110 and a power command value indicating a target value of output power of power supply unit 110 and outputs the generated power command value to power supply unit 110. Further, ECU 140 controls matching unit 120 to match the impedance of power transmission device 100 with the impedance of vehicle 200. Further, ECU 140 generates a command for controlling the moving means (described later) provided in power transmission unit 130 and outputs the command to power transmission unit 130. Communication unit 150 is a communication interface for power transmission device 100 to communicate with vehicle 200.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- vehicle 200 includes a power receiving unit 210, a rectifier 220, a power storage device 230, a power output device 240, an ECU 250, and a communication unit 260.
- the power reception unit 210 receives high-frequency AC power output from the power transmission unit 130 in a non-contact manner via an electromagnetic field. Note that a specific configuration of the power reception unit 210 will also be described later.
- Rectifier 220 rectifies the AC power received by power reception unit 210 and outputs the rectified power to power storage device 230.
- the power storage device 230 is a rechargeable DC power source, and is constituted by a secondary battery such as lithium ion or nickel metal hydride. Power storage device 230 stores power received from rectifier 220 and also stores regenerative power generated by power output device 240. Then, power storage device 230 supplies the stored power to power output device 240. Note that a large-capacity capacitor can also be used as the power storage device 230.
- the power output device 240 generates the driving force for driving the vehicle 200 using the electric power stored in the power storage device 230.
- power output device 240 includes, for example, an inverter that receives electric power from power storage device 230, a motor driven by the inverter, a drive wheel driven by the motor, and the like.
- Power output device 240 may include a generator for charging power storage device 230 and an engine capable of driving the generator.
- the ECU 250 executes various controls in the vehicle 200 by software processing by executing a program stored in advance by the CPU and / or hardware processing by a dedicated electronic circuit.
- Communication unit 260 is a communication interface for vehicle 200 to communicate with power transmission device 100.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the power transmission unit 130 shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the direction of power transmission.
- power transmission unit 130 includes electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, 314, resonance coil 316, capacitor 318, rail 320, relays 322, 324, 326, and shield box 328.
- the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314 are fixed inside the shield box 328.
- the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314 are arranged along the vehicle front-rear direction of the parking space of the vehicle 200.
- the overlapping state of adjacent electromagnetic induction coils is appropriately designed based on the arrangement space and the power transmission efficiency that changes depending on the degree of the overlapping state.
- the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314 are connected to the power supply unit 110 (not shown) via relays 322, 324, and 326, respectively.
- the relays 322, 324, and 326 are controlled by the ECU 140 (FIG. 1), and the electromagnetic induction coil 310, 312, and 314 has the best power transmission efficiency to the vehicle 200 according to the position of the movable resonance coil 316.
- the relay corresponding to the induction coil is turned on, and the remaining relays are turned off.
- the relay corresponding to the electromagnetic induction coil closest to the resonance coil 316 is turned on, and the remaining relays are turned off.
- the number of relays to be turned on is not necessarily one, and a plurality of relays may be turned on according to the position of the resonance coil 316.
- the three pairs of power lines connected to the relays 322, 324, and 326 are connected to each other in the shield box 328, collected as one power line, and taken out of the shield box 328.
- the resonance coil 316 is provided at a predetermined interval from the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314, and is configured to be movable in the shield box 328 within a range where power can be received from any of the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314.
- the rail 320 is disposed along the arrangement direction of the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314, and the resonance coil 316 moves on the rail 320, whereby the positions of the power reception unit 210 and the resonance coil 316 of the vehicle 200.
- the resonant coil 316 can be moved according to the relationship.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the state in which the resonance coil 316 is disposed at a position facing the electromagnetic induction coil 310, the position of the resonance coil 316 is slightly shifted with respect to the electromagnetic induction coil 310 for the purpose of illustration. It is described.
- the resonance coil 316 forms an LC resonance circuit together with the capacitor 318.
- an LC resonance circuit is also formed in the power reception unit 210 of the vehicle 200.
- the difference between the natural frequency of the LC resonant circuit formed by the resonant coil 316 and the capacitor 318 and the natural frequency of the LC resonant circuit of the power receiving unit 210 is less than ⁇ 10% of the former natural frequency or the latter natural frequency. is there.
- the capacitor 318 is provided to adjust the natural frequency of the resonance circuit. When a desired natural frequency is obtained using the stray capacitance of the resonance coil 316, the capacitor 318 may be omitted. .
- the rail 320 has a resonance coil according to the positional relationship between the power reception unit 210 of the vehicle 200 and the resonance coil 316 in order to achieve good power transmission efficiency from the resonance coil 316 to the power reception unit 210 (not shown) of the vehicle 200. It is a moving means for moving 316.
- the rail 320 is disposed so that the resonance coil 316 can move within a range in which power can be supplied to the resonance coil 316 from any one of the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314.
- the rail 320 is disposed along the arrangement direction of the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314, and the resonance coil 316 is attached to the rail 320 so that the resonance coil 316 is movable on the rail 320.
- the shield box 328 is a box for preventing leakage of electromagnetic waves to the outside.
- the shield box 328 may be made of copper, or a cloth or sponge having an electromagnetic shielding effect on the inner surface or the outer surface of an inexpensive member. Etc. may be attached.
- the resonance coil 316 can move within a range in which the resonance coil 316 can receive power from any one of the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314.
- the resonance coil 316 is located at a position corresponding to the electromagnetic induction coil 310 will be described as a representative example.
- the relay 322 corresponding to the electromagnetic induction coil 310 is turned on, and the remaining relays 324 and 326 are turned off.
- the electromagnetic induction coil 310 is magnetically coupled to the resonance coil 316 and resonates the high-frequency power received from the power supply unit 110 by electromagnetic induction. Supply to coil 316.
- the resonance coil 316 When the resonance coil 316 receives high-frequency power from the electromagnetic induction coil 310, the resonance coil 316 forms an electromagnetic field (near field) around it, and outputs power to the resonance coil (not shown) of the power receiving unit 210 of the vehicle 200 in a non-contact manner.
- the resonance coil 316 is disposed at a position corresponding to a coil selected from the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314 according to a predetermined index.
- the electromagnetic induction coil that minimizes the S11 parameter when the resonant coil 316 is at the facing position is selected, and the resonant coil 316 is disposed at a position facing the selected electromagnetic induction coil.
- the S11 parameter is a reflection coefficient at an input port (input of the power transmission unit 130) of a circuit network formed by the power transmission unit 130 and the power reception unit 210 of the vehicle 200, and can be easily detected by a commercially available network analyzer. .
- the electromagnetic induction coil 310 In place of the S11 parameter, the electromagnetic induction coil 310, the S21 parameter indicating the passage characteristics of the circuit network, the reflected power to the power supply unit 110, the power reception status (received power or received voltage) in the vehicle 200, and the like are used. Either 312 or 314 may be selected.
- the coil shapes of the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314 and the resonance coil 316 are square, but the coil shape is not limited to the illustrated shape, and may be, for example, a circle. .
- each coil has one loop, but may be composed of a plurality of loops.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the power receiving unit 210 shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the power receiving direction.
- power reception unit 210 includes a resonance coil 350, a capacitor 352, an electromagnetic induction coil 354, and a shield box 356.
- the resonance coil 350 is fixed in the shield box 356.
- the resonance coil 350 forms an LC resonance circuit together with the capacitor 352.
- an LC resonance circuit is also formed in the power transmission unit 130 of the power transmission device 100.
- the difference between the natural frequency of the LC resonant circuit formed by the resonant coil 350 and the capacitor 352 and the natural frequency of the LC resonant circuit of the power transmission unit 130 is ⁇ 10% or less of the natural frequency of the former or the natural frequency of the latter. is there.
- the capacitor 352 is provided to adjust the natural frequency of the resonance circuit. When a desired natural frequency is obtained using the stray capacitance of the resonance coil 350, the capacitor 352 is not provided. Also good.
- the electromagnetic induction coil 354 is fixed in a position facing the resonance coil 350 in the shield box 356. In FIG. 3, the position of the electromagnetic induction coil 354 is slightly shifted from the resonance coil 350 because of the illustrated relationship.
- the resonance coil 350 receives power from the resonance coil 316 of the power transmission unit 130 of the power transmission device 100 in a non-contact manner via an electromagnetic field (near field).
- the electromagnetic induction coil 354 is magnetically coupled to the resonance coil 350 by electromagnetic induction, takes out AC power received by the resonance coil 350 from the resonance coil 350 by electromagnetic induction, and outputs it to the rectifier 220 (FIG. 1).
- the coil shapes of the resonance coil 350 and the electromagnetic induction coil 354 are square, but the coil shape is not limited to the illustrated shape, and may be, for example, a circle.
- each coil has one loop, but may be composed of a plurality of loops.
- the difference between the natural frequency of power transmission unit 130 and the natural frequency of power reception unit 210 is ⁇ 10% or less of the natural frequency of power transmission unit 130 or the natural frequency of power reception unit 210.
- the power transmission efficiency can be increased.
- the difference between the natural frequencies is larger than ⁇ 10%, the power transmission efficiency is smaller than 10%, and the power transmission time becomes longer.
- the natural frequency of the power transmission unit 130 means a vibration frequency when the electric circuit (resonance circuit) constituting the power transmission unit 130 (power reception unit 210) freely vibrates.
- the resonance frequency of the power transmission unit 130 (power reception unit 210) means a natural frequency when the braking force or the electrical resistance is zero in the electric circuit (resonance circuit) constituting the power transmission unit 130 (power reception unit 210). To do.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a simulation model of the power transmission system.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the deviation of the natural frequency of the power transmission unit and the power reception unit and the power transmission efficiency.
- the power transmission system 89 includes a power transmission unit 90 and a power reception unit 91.
- the power transmission unit 90 includes a first coil 92 and a second coil 93.
- the second coil 93 includes a resonance coil 94 and a capacitor 95 provided in the resonance coil 94.
- the power receiving unit 91 includes a third coil 96 and a fourth coil 97.
- the third coil 96 includes a resonance coil 99 and a capacitor 98 connected to the resonance coil 99.
- the inductance of the resonance coil 94 is an inductance Lt
- the capacitance of the capacitor 95 is a capacitance C1.
- the inductance of the resonance coil 99 is an inductance Lr
- the capacitance of the capacitor 98 is a capacitance C2.
- the horizontal axis indicates the deviation (%) of the natural frequency
- the vertical axis indicates the power transmission efficiency (%) at a constant frequency.
- the deviation (%) in natural frequency is expressed by the following equation (3).
- the power transmission efficiency can be increased to a practical level by setting. Furthermore, when the natural frequency of the second coil 93 and the third coil 96 is set so that the absolute value of the deviation (%) of the natural frequency is 5% or less of the natural frequency of the third coil 96, the power transmission efficiency is further increased. This is more preferable.
- the simulation software employs electromagnetic field analysis software (JMAG (registered trademark): manufactured by JSOL Corporation).
- power transmission unit 130 and power reception unit 210 are formed between power transmission unit 130 and power reception unit 210 and vibrate at a specific frequency, power transmission unit 130 and power reception unit 210, and The power is transmitted and received in a non-contact manner through at least one of an electric field formed between the two and an electric field that vibrates at a specific frequency.
- the coupling coefficient ⁇ between the power transmission unit 130 and the power reception unit 210 is 0.1 or less, and the power is transmitted from the power transmission unit 130 to the power reception unit 210 by causing the power transmission unit 130 and the power reception unit 210 to resonate with each other by an electromagnetic field. Is transmitted.
- the power transmitting unit 130 and the power receiving unit 210 is, for example, “magnetic resonance coupling”, “magnetic field (magnetic field) resonance coupling”, “electromagnetic field (electromagnetic field) resonant coupling”, “electric field (electric field). ) Resonant coupling ".
- the “electromagnetic field (electromagnetic field) resonance coupling” means a coupling including any of “magnetic resonance coupling”, “magnetic field (magnetic field) resonance coupling”, and “electric field (electric field) resonance coupling”.
- the power transmission unit 130 and the power reception unit 210 are formed by coils as described above, the power transmission unit 130 and the power reception unit 210 are coupled mainly by a magnetic field (magnetic field), and are referred to as “magnetic resonance coupling” or “magnetic field”. (Magnetic field) resonance coupling "is formed.
- a magnetic field magnetic field
- an antenna such as a meander line may be employed for the power transmission unit 130 and the power reception unit 210.
- the power transmission unit 130 and the power reception unit 210 are mainly based on an electric field (electric field).
- the “electric field (electric field) resonance coupling” is formed.
- FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram at the time of power transmission from the power transmission device 100 to the vehicle 200.
- resonance coil 316 forms an LC resonance circuit together with capacitor 318.
- the resonance coil 350 forms an LC resonance circuit together with the capacitor 352.
- the difference between the natural frequency of the LC resonant circuit formed by the resonant coil 316 and the capacitor 318 and the natural frequency of the LC resonant circuit formed by the resonant coil 350 and the capacitor 352 is the former natural frequency or the latter natural frequency. ⁇ 10% or less.
- high-frequency AC power is supplied from the power supply unit 110 to the selected electromagnetic induction coil 310 (or 312, 314), and power is supplied to the resonance coil 316 using the electromagnetic induction coil 310 (or 312, 314). Supplied. Then, energy (electric power) moves from the resonance coil 316 to the resonance coil 350 through a magnetic field formed between the resonance coil 316 and the resonance coil 350 of the vehicle 200. The energy (electric power) moved to the resonance coil 350 is taken out using the electromagnetic induction coil 354 and transmitted to the electric load 380 after the rectifier 220.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the current source (magnetic current source) and the strength of the electromagnetic field.
- the electromagnetic field is mainly composed of three components.
- the curve k1 is a component that is inversely proportional to the distance from the wave source, and is referred to as a “radiated electromagnetic field”.
- a curve k2 is a component inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the wave source, and is referred to as an “induction electromagnetic field”.
- the curve k3 is a component inversely proportional to the cube of the distance from the wave source, and is referred to as an “electrostatic magnetic field”.
- the “electrostatic magnetic field” is a region where the intensity of the electromagnetic wave suddenly decreases with the distance from the wave source.
- the energy using the near field (evanescent field) where this “electrostatic magnetic field” is dominant is used. Power) is transmitted. That is, in a near field where “electrostatic magnetic field” is dominant, a pair of resonators having natural frequencies close to each other (for example, a pair of resonance coils) are caused to resonate from one resonator (primary resonance coil). Energy (electric power) is transmitted to the other resonator (secondary resonance coil). Since this “electrostatic magnetic field” does not propagate energy far away, the resonance method transmits power with less energy loss than electromagnetic waves that transmit energy (electric power) by “radiant electromagnetic field” that propagates energy far away. be able to.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a change in the S11 parameter when the resonance coil 316 is moved in the power transmission unit 130.
- the horizontal axis indicates the frequency of transmission power
- the vertical axis indicates the S11 parameter.
- a curve k11 indicates the S11 parameter when the resonance coil 316 moves to a position facing the electromagnetic induction coil 310
- curves k12 and 13 indicate the resonance coil 316 at a position facing the electromagnetic induction coils 312 and 314, respectively.
- the frequency ft is the frequency of the AC power generated by the power supply unit 110. In this case, the electromagnetic induction coil 312 that minimizes the S11 parameter is selected.
- the power transmission unit 130 includes the three electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314.
- the number of electromagnetic induction coils included in the power transmission unit 130 is not limited to three. There may be one or more than three.
- the shape of the electromagnetic induction coil and the shape of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same as described above.
- the size of the electromagnetic induction coil and the size of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same.
- the plurality of electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314 are provided in the power transmission unit 130 of the power transmission device 100. Then, based on the positional relationship between the vehicle 200 and the resonance coil 316 of the power transmission unit 130, the movement for moving the resonance coil 316 within a range in which power can be supplied from any one of the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314 to the resonance coil 316. Means (rail 320) are provided. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, since only the resonance coil 316 that does not require wiring with the power supply unit 110 is moved, the power line (power cable or the like) accompanying the movement does not deteriorate. Further, since the resonance coil 316 can be moved, a wide range of power transmission can be realized without providing a plurality of resonance coils 316.
- the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314 are configured by separate conductive wires, but a plurality of electromagnetic induction coils may be configured by a single conductive wire.
- the overall configuration of the power transmission system according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the power transmission system according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view of power transmission unit 130A according to Embodiment 2 as viewed from the direction of power transmission.
- power transmission unit 130A includes electromagnetic induction coils 310A, 312A, 314A, a resonance coil 316, a capacitor 318, a rail 320, and a shield box 328.
- the electromagnetic induction coils 310A, 312A, and 314A are basically disposed at the same position as the electromagnetic induction coils 310, 312, and 314 in the first embodiment, and are configured by one conductive wire. Thereby, the wiring for configuring the electromagnetic induction coils 310A, 312A, and 314A is reduced, and the relays 322, 324, and 326 (FIG. 2) can be made unnecessary.
- the other configuration of power transmission unit 130A is the same as that of power transmission unit 130 in the first embodiment.
- the power transmission unit 130A includes the three electromagnetic induction coils 310A, 312A, and 314A.
- the number of electromagnetic induction coils included in the power transmission unit 130A is not limited to three. There may be one or more than three.
- the shape of the electromagnetic induction coil and the shape of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same, and the size of the electromagnetic induction coil and the size of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same.
- the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the electromagnetic induction coils 310A, 312A, and 314A are configured by one conductive wire. Wiring for configuring the electromagnetic induction coil is reduced, and the relays 322, 324, 326 (FIG. 2) can be made unnecessary.
- the plurality of electromagnetic induction coils in the power transmission units 130 and 130A are linearly arranged, and the resonance coil 316 is also linearly movable.
- An electromagnetic induction coil is arranged two-dimensionally, and the resonance coil is also two-dimensionally movable.
- the overall configuration of the power transmission system according to the third embodiment is the same as that of the power transmission system according to the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of power transmission unit 130B according to Embodiment 3 as viewed from the direction of power transmission.
- power transmission unit 130 ⁇ / b> B includes electromagnetic induction coils 370, 372, 374, 376, a resonance coil 316, a capacitor 318, rails 320 and 378, and a shield box 328.
- the electromagnetic induction coils 370, 372, 374, and 376 are fixed in the shield box 328.
- the electromagnetic induction coils 370, 372, 374, and 376 are two-dimensionally arranged, and are arranged in a matrix as an example.
- the electromagnetic induction coils 370, 372, 374, and 376 are configured by a single conducting wire.
- the electromagnetic induction coils 370, 372, 374, and 376 may be configured by separate conductors, and a relay may be provided between each of the electromagnetic induction coils 370, 372, 374, and 376 and the power supply unit 110 (FIG. 1). .
- the rails 320 and 378 depend on the positional relationship between the power reception unit 210 of the vehicle 200 and the resonance coil 316 in order to achieve good power transmission efficiency from the resonance coil 316 to the power reception unit 210 (not shown) of the vehicle 200. It is a moving means for moving the resonance coil 316.
- the rails 320 and 378 are arranged so that the resonance coil 316 can move within a range in which power can be supplied from any one of the electromagnetic induction coils 370, 372, 374, and 376 to the resonance coil 316.
- the rail 320 is disposed along the x direction (for example, the vehicle front-rear direction of the parking space), and the resonance coil 316 is attached to the rail 320 so that the resonance coil 316 is movable on the rail 320.
- Rail 378 is arranged along the y direction (for example, the vehicle left-right direction of the parking space), and rail 320 is attached to rail 378 so that rail 320 can move on rail 378.
- the power transmission unit 130B includes the four electromagnetic induction coils 370, 372, 374, and 376, but the number of electromagnetic induction coils included in the power transmission unit 130B is not limited to four. There may be more than four. Further, the shape of the electromagnetic induction coil and the shape of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same, and the size of the electromagnetic induction coil and the size of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same.
- the same effects as in the first and second embodiments can be obtained, and the alignment between the resonance coils can be performed two-dimensionally.
- the resonance coil is movable in the power transmission unit 130 of the power transmission device 100.
- the resonance coil is movable in the power reception unit of the vehicle 200.
- the overall configuration of the power transmission system according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the power transmission system shown in FIG.
- the power receiving part 210A of the vehicle 200 is the same as the structure of the power transmission part 130 shown in FIG.
- the power transmission unit 130 ⁇ / b> C of the power transmission device 100 has the same configuration as that of the power reception unit 210 illustrated in FIG. 3. That is, in the fourth embodiment, the resonance coil is configured to be movable on the vehicle 200 side, and the resonance coil is fixed on the power transmission device 100 side.
- the number of electromagnetic induction coils included in the power receiving unit 210A is not limited to three, and may be two or more. Further, the shape of the electromagnetic induction coil and the shape of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same as described above, and the size of the electromagnetic induction coil and the size of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same.
- the resonance coil is movable in the power reception unit of the vehicle, and a plurality of electromagnetic induction coils are configured by a single conductor.
- the overall configuration of the power transmission system according to the fifth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the power transmission system shown in FIG.
- the power receiving part 210B of the vehicle 200 is the same as the structure of the power transmission part 130A shown in FIG.
- the power transmission unit 130 ⁇ / b> C of the power transmission device 100 has the same configuration as that of the power reception unit 210 illustrated in FIG. 3. That is, in the fifth embodiment, on the vehicle 200 side, the resonance coil is configured to be movable, and the electromagnetic induction coil is configured by one conductive wire. On the power transmission apparatus 100 side, the resonance coil is fixed.
- the number of electromagnetic induction coils included in the power receiving unit 210B is not limited to three, and may be two or more than three. Further, the shape of the electromagnetic induction coil and the shape of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same as described above, and the size of the electromagnetic induction coil and the size of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same.
- a plurality of electromagnetic induction coils are two-dimensionally arranged and the resonance coil is two-dimensionally movable in the power reception unit of the vehicle.
- the overall configuration of the power transmission system according to the sixth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the power transmission system shown in FIG.
- the power receiving part 210C of the vehicle 200 is the same as the structure of the power transmission part 130B shown in FIG.
- the power transmission unit 130 ⁇ / b> C of the power transmission device 100 has the same configuration as that of the power reception unit 210 illustrated in FIG. 3. That is, in the sixth embodiment, on the vehicle 200 side, a plurality of electromagnetic induction coils are two-dimensionally arranged, and the resonance coil is also configured to be two-dimensionally movable. On the power transmission apparatus 100 side, the resonance coil is fixed.
- each electromagnetic induction coil is constituted by a separate conductor, and a relay is provided between each electromagnetic induction coil and the rectifier 220 (FIG. 1). May be.
- the power receiving unit 210C includes four electromagnetic induction coils, the number of electromagnetic induction coils included in the power receiving unit 210C is not limited to four and may be more than four.
- the shape of the electromagnetic induction coil and the shape of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same, and the size of the electromagnetic induction coil and the size of the resonance coil are not necessarily the same.
- the resonance coil is configured to be movable on the power transmission device side, and the resonance coil is fixed on the vehicle side.
- the resonance coil is configured to be movable on the vehicle side, and the resonance coil is fixed on the power transmission device side.
- the resonance coil is movable in both the power transmission device and the vehicle.
- the overall configuration of the power transmission system according to the seventh embodiment is the same as the configuration of the power transmission system shown in FIG.
- the power transmission device 100 includes the power transmission unit 130 illustrated in FIG. 2, and the power reception unit 210 ⁇ / b> A of the vehicle 200 has the same configuration as the power transmission unit 130. That is, in the seventh embodiment, the resonance coil is movable in both power transmission device 100 and vehicle 200.
- the power transmission part 130 may replace with the power transmission part 130, and may employ
- the configuration of the power receiving unit 210B illustrated in FIG. 9 or the power receiving unit 210C illustrated in FIG. 10 may be employed.
- the alignment between the resonance coils can be performed more flexibly.
- the resonance coil is moved relative to the plurality of electromagnetic induction coils.
- a plurality of resonance coils may be provided corresponding to the plurality of electromagnetic induction coils.
- the power transmission unit 130 (130A to 130C) of the power transmission device 100 (primary side) and the power reception unit 210 (210A to 210C) of the vehicle 200 (secondary side) are resonated by an electromagnetic field.
- (Resonance) allows power to be transmitted in a non-contact manner from the power transmission unit to the power reception unit.
- the present invention can also be applied to a system that transmits power in a non-contact manner from the power transmission unit to the power reception unit by electromagnetic induction. It is.
- the coupling coefficient ⁇ between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit is a value close to 1.0.
- power is transmitted from the power transmission device 100 to the vehicle 200.
- the present invention is also applicable to a power transmission system other than the vehicle.
- the resonance coil 316 corresponds to one embodiment of the “first coil” in the present invention
- 372, 374, and 376 correspond to an example of “a plurality of second coils” in the present invention.
- Rail 320 and rail 378 correspond to an example of “moving means” in the present invention, and relays 322, 324, and 326 correspond to an example of “switching unit” in the present invention.
- 100 power transmission device 110 power supply unit, 120 matching unit, 130, 130A to 130C power transmission unit, 140, 250 ECU, 150, 260 communication unit, 200 vehicle, 210, 210A to 210C power reception unit, 220 rectifier, 230 power storage device, 240 Power output device, 310, 312, 314, 310A, 312A, 314A, 354, 370, 372, 374, 376 Electromagnetic induction coil, 316, 350 resonance coil, 318, 352 capacitor, 320, 378 rail, 322, 324, 326 Relay, 328, 356 Shield box, 380 Electrical load.
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Abstract
Description
好ましくは、送電装置は、切替部をさらに備える。切替部は、複数の第2のコイルと電源との間に設けられ、複数の第2のコイルのうち、第1のコイルに最も近接するコイルを電源に電気的に接続するとともに残余のコイルを電源から電気的に切離す。
好ましくは、第1のコイルは、第1のコイルと受電用コイルとの間に形成され、かつ、特定の周波数で振動する磁界と、第1のコイルと受電用コイルとの間に形成され、かつ、特定の周波数で振動する電界との少なくとも一方を通じて、受電用コイルへ送電する。
好ましくは、受電装置は、切替部をさらに備える。切替部は、複数の第2のコイルと電気負荷との間に設けられ、複数の第2のコイルのうち、第1のコイルに最も近接するコイルを電気負荷に電気的に接続するとともに残余のコイルを電気負荷から電気的に切離す。
好ましくは、第1のコイルは、第1のコイルと送電用コイルとの間に形成され、かつ、特定の周波数で振動する磁界と、第1のコイルと送電用コイルとの間に形成され、かつ、特定の周波数で振動する電界との少なくとも一方を通じて、送電用コイルから受電する。
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1による電力伝送システムの全体構成図である。図1を参照して、この電力伝送システムは、送電装置100と、受電装置としての車両200とを備える。
f2=1/{2π(Lr×C2)1/2}・・・(2)
ここで、インダクタンスLrおよびキャパシタンスC1,C2を固定して、インダクタンスLtのみを変化させた場合において、第2コイル93および第3コイル96の固有周波数のズレと電力伝送効率との関係を図6に示す。なお、このシミュレーションにおいては、共振コイル94および共振コイル99の相対的な位置関係は固定とし、さらに、第2コイル93に供給される電流の周波数は一定である。
図5からも明らかなように、固有周波数のズレ(%)が0%の場合には、電力伝送効率は100%近くとなる。固有周波数のズレ(%)が±5%の場合には、電力伝送効率は40%程度となる。固有周波数のズレ(%)が±10%の場合には、電力伝送効率は10%程度となる。固有周波数のズレ(%)が±15%の場合には、電力伝送効率は5%程度となる。すなわち、固有周波数のズレ(%)の絶対値(固有周波数の差)が、第3コイル96の固有周波数の10%以下の範囲となるように第2コイル93および第3コイル96の固有周波数を設定することで、電力伝送効率を実用的なレベルに高めることができることがわかる。さらに、固有周波数のズレ(%)の絶対値が第3コイル96の固有周波数の5%以下となるように第2コイル93および第3コイル96の固有周波数を設定すると、電力伝送効率をさらに高めることができるのでより好ましい。なお、シミュレーションソフトしては、電磁界解析ソフトウェア(JMAG(登録商標):株式会社JSOL製)を採用している。
実施の形態1では、電磁誘導コイル310,312,314は、別々の導線によって構成されるが、複数の電磁誘導コイルを1つの導線によって構成してもよい。
上記の実施の形態1,2では、送電部130,130Aにおける複数の電磁誘導コイルは直線的に配設され、共振コイル316も直線的に可動としたが、この実施の形態3では、複数の電磁誘導コイルが二次元的に配設され、共振コイルも二次元的に可動な構成が示される。
上記の実施の形態1では、送電装置100の送電部130において共振コイルを可動としたが、この実施の形態4では、車両200の受電部において共振コイルを可動とする。
[実施の形態5]
この実施の形態5においても、車両の受電部において共振コイルを可動とし、さらに、複数の電磁誘導コイルが1つの導線によって構成される。
[実施の形態6]
この実施の形態6においては、車両の受電部において、複数の電磁誘導コイルが二次元的に配設され、共振コイルが二次元的に可動とされる。
[実施の形態7]
実施の形態1~3では、送電装置側において共振コイルが可動に構成され、車両側では共振コイルは固設とされた。一方、実施の形態4~6では、車両側において共振コイルが可動に構成され、送電装置側では共振コイルは固設とされた。この実施の形態7では、送電装置および車両の双方において、共振コイルが可動とされる。
Claims (18)
- 受電装置(200)へ非接触で電力を出力する送電装置であって、
前記受電装置へ非接触で電力を伝送するための第1のコイル(316)と、
各々が電源から受ける電力を前記第1のコイルへ非接触で供給するための複数の第2のコイル(310,312,314;310A,312A,314A;370,372,374,376)と、
前記第1のコイルを前記複数の第2のコイルに対して相対的に移動させるための移動装置(320,378)とを備える、送電装置。 - 前記複数の第2のコイルは、1本の導線によって構成される、請求項1に記載の送電装置。
- 前記複数の第2のコイルと前記電源との間に設けられ、前記複数の第2のコイルのうち、前記第1のコイルに最も近接するコイルを前記電源に電気的に接続するとともに残余のコイルを前記電源から電気的に切離す切替部(322,324,326)をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の送電装置。
- 前記複数の第2のコイルと前記電源との間に設けられ、前記複数の第2のコイルのうち、前記受電装置への送電効率を最良にするコイルを前記電源に電気的に接続するとともに残余のコイルを前記電源から電気的に切離す切替部(322,324,326)をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の送電装置。
- 前記受電装置は、車両に搭載され、
前記複数の第2のコイルは、前記車両の駐車スペースの車両前後方向に沿って配設される、請求項1に記載の送電装置。 - 前記第1のコイルの固有周波数と、前記受電装置の受電用コイルの固有周波数との差は、前記第1のコイルの固有周波数または前記受電用コイルの固有周波数の±10%以下である、請求項1に記載の送電装置。
- 前記第1のコイルと前記受電装置の受電用コイルとの結合係数は0.1以下である、請求項1に記載の送電装置。
- 前記第1のコイルは、前記第1のコイルと前記受電装置の受電用コイルとの間に形成され、かつ、特定の周波数で振動する磁界と、前記第1のコイルと前記受電用コイルとの間に形成され、かつ、特定の周波数で振動する電界との少なくとも一方を通じて、前記受電用コイルへ送電する、請求項1に記載の送電装置。
- 送電装置(100)から非接触で電力を受ける受電装置であって、
前記送電装置から非接触で受電するための第1のコイル(316)と、
各々が前記第1のコイルから非接触で電力を取出して電気負荷へ出力するための複数の第2のコイル(310,312,314;310A,312A,314A;370,372,374,376)と、
前記第1のコイルを前記複数の第2のコイルに対して相対的に移動させるための移動装置(320,378)とを備える、受電装置。 - 前記複数の第2のコイルは、1本の導線によって構成される、請求項9に記載の受電装置。
- 前記複数の第2のコイルと前記電気負荷との間に設けられ、前記複数の第2のコイルのうち、前記第1のコイルに最も近接するコイルを前記電気負荷に電気的に接続するとともに残余のコイルを前記電気負荷から電気的に切離す切替部(322,324,326)をさらに備える、請求項9に記載の受電装置。
- 前記複数の第2のコイルと前記電気負荷との間に設けられ、前記複数の第2のコイルのうち、前記送電装置からの受電効率を最良にするコイルを前記電気負荷に電気的に接続するとともに残余のコイルを前記電気負荷から電気的に切離す切替部(322,324,326)をさらに備える、請求項9に記載の受電装置。
- 当該受電装置は、車両に搭載され、
前記複数の第2のコイルは、前記車両の前後方向に沿って配設される、請求項9に記載の受電装置。 - 前記第1のコイルの固有周波数と、前記送電装置の送電用コイルの固有周波数との差は、前記第1のコイルの固有周波数または前記送電用コイルの固有周波数の±10%以下である、請求項9に記載の受電装置。
- 前記第1のコイルと前記送電装置の送電用コイルとの結合係数は0.1以下である、請求項9に記載の受電装置。
- 前記第1のコイルは、前記第1のコイルと前記送電装置の送電用コイルとの間に形成され、かつ、特定の周波数で振動する磁界と、前記第1のコイルと前記送電用コイルとの間に形成され、かつ、特定の周波数で振動する電界との少なくとも一方を通じて、前記送電用コイルから受電する、請求項9に記載の受電装置。
- 送電装置(100)から受電装置(200)へ非接触で電力を伝送する電力伝送システムであって、
前記送電装置は、
前記受電装置へ非接触で電力を伝送するための第1のコイル(316)と、
各々が電源から受ける電力を前記第1のコイルへ非接触で供給するための複数の第2のコイル(310,312,314;310A,312A,314A;370,372,374,376)と、
前記受電装置と前記第1のコイルとの位置関係に基づいて、前記複数の第2のコイルのいずれかから前記第1のコイルへ給電可能な範囲において前記第1のコイルを移動させるための移動手段(320,378)とを備え、
前記受電装置は、
前記第1のコイルから出力される電力を非接触で受電する受電部(210,210A~210C)と、
前記受電部によって受電された電力を受ける電気負荷とを備える、電力伝送システム。 - 送電装置(100)から受電装置(200)へ非接触で電力を伝送する電力伝送システムであって、
前記送電装置は、
電源(110)と、
前記電源から供給される電力を前記受電装置へ非接触で出力する送電部(130,130A~130C)とを備え、
前記受電装置は、
前記送電部から非接触で受電するための第1のコイル(316)と、
各々が前記第1のコイルから非接触で電力を取出して電気負荷へ出力するための複数の第2のコイル(310,312,314;310A,312A,314A;370,372,374,376)と、
前記送電部と前記第1のコイルとの位置関係に基づいて、前記複数の第2のコイルのいずれかが前記第1のコイルから非接触で電力を取出可能な範囲において前記第1のコイルを移動させるための移動手段(320,378)とを備える、電力伝送システム。
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CN201180074077.8A CN103858316A (zh) | 2011-10-12 | 2011-10-12 | 送电装置、受电装置以及电力传输系统 |
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